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Individual small business things to do. What you can do in a small business: the best ideas for developing your business

Every aspiring businessman thinks about how best to optimize his income.

After all, no one will ever agree to spend their time and money on a project that is obviously unpromising.

What areas of entrepreneurship are most relevant and profitable today always remain on the agenda.

What you need to know before opening

Factors you should know before starting your own business:

  1. Draw up a detailed plan of expenses that will need to cover the initial investment.
  2. Take into account the possibility of competition. For example, the smaller the settlement, the less competition, but at the same time, the smaller the possible sales volume.
  3. Choose the type of business in which the entrepreneur is most knowledgeable.

Before choosing an area of ​​future activity, it is worth highlighting the key factors that determine its profitability:

  • The time interval for the return of the initially invested funds.
  • The chosen area of ​​business must necessarily be characterized by great demand from consumers.
  • Acceptable level of profitability. Profitability should increase in parallel with the volume of goods or services sold.
  • Low price threshold at which the purchase of materials and raw materials contribute to increasing profitability.
  • Positive return on assets.

To implement a small business, minimal labor resources and funds are required. For example, you can gather your friends and start cleaning apartments and making repairs. You can also open an inexpensive fast food restaurant, kiosk or bar.

Not long ago, network marketing was in demand, operating on the principle of selling a product or service directly to the consumer, bypassing intermediaries, which significantly reduced costs and increased profits.

A striking example of network marketing is the space company Oriflame.

Most profitable small business 2016

The overwhelming number of professional analysts agree that the most profitable and profitable type of business is construction, consumption and catering.

The most promising features are repair, installation and construction work. Profitability within such a business can reach 100 percent of the cost.

  1. Beauty and health. Beauty services have always been an equally profitable area of ​​business. Every person wants to be not just healthy, but also beautiful. Today, the business of providing beauty services is in demand and highly paid. People of all financial abilities and ages will always spend money to maintain their health and beauty. This is why massage parlors and hairdressers are so popular.
  2. Construction sector. As mentioned above, one of the most profitable types of business in Russia is construction and installation work. This is explained primarily by the growth of the real estate market and the coverage of a wide range of activities. One of the advantages of this type of business activity is the minimum financial threshold. For example, if there are not enough funds to open a construction company, then you can form a team of professionals and gradually expand the list of services it provides. If you have significant funds, you can safely build real estate.
  3. Trade in food products. No less popular and profitable is the satisfaction of primary human needs - nutrition. It is best to start trading in a residential area, in which there are no retail outlets that can have any significant competitive impact. If there are no large investment opportunities, you can open a small stall, gradually expanding the assortment and, as a result, sales volume. Having collected enough money, you can safely open a grocery store or a small restaurant. The most important thing in this business area is the correct selection of suppliers.

Women are trying more and more to realize themselves in entrepreneurial activity and they are doing well at it. become successful. Where to start and which areas to choose?

Read about how to open your own cafe. How to choose a location and what documents you need to have.

If you have experience working with children and you like it, you can open a private kindergarten. Iui l detailed information about the nuances of business and how much you can earn.

Top 20 most promising areas

In the overwhelming majority of cases, medium and small businesses form the basis of the entire state economy.

The reason for this is low costs and considerable profits.

True, the success of an entrepreneur largely depends on his preparedness and the area of ​​​​business in which he decided to act.

Let's highlight the top most profitable businesses:

  1. Private audit companies. The average rate of return is 16.5 percent.
  2. Chiropractors. Profitability at 15.3 percent.
  3. Clinics (specialized). Profitability within 15 percent.
  4. Services of professional accountants. The average yield is 14.9 percent.
  5. Private dental clinics. The yield is within 14.7 percent.
  6. Tax calculations. Profitability up to 14.7 percent.
  7. Dentist-orthodontist. The services of these specialists provide a profitability of 14.4 percent.
  8. The layer's services. The average yield hovers at 13.4 percent.
  9. Lending to individuals. The average profitability is 13.3 percent.
  10. Financial management (private services). Yield up to 12.2 percent.
  11. Drilling gas and oil wells. The profitability rate is 12 percent.
  12. Glass selection specialists. The yield level is within 11.5 percent.
  13. Renting housing and unnecessary premises. The average profit margin is 11.3 percent.
  14. Real estate valuation. The yield is around 11.3 percent.
  15. Renting storage rooms or small warehouses. Profit up to 11 percent.
  16. Insurance agencies. The yield level is within 11 percent.
  17. Credit intermediaries. Profit up to 10.7 percent.
  18. Consultants on investment projects. The yield is around 10.7 percent.
  19. Audiologists and speech therapists. The profitability rate is within 10.6 percent.
  20. Private therapist services. Profit up to 10.4 percent.

No less profitable is the creation of small child care institutions. As a result of the current shortage of places in many state kindergartens, small development groups, children's clubs and private kindergartens are in great demand.

What type of business is the most profitable?

One of the most relevant areas of small business in Russia is the provision of advertising services. Business owners are willing to pay a lot of money to conduct a competent and creative marketing campaign.

In the realities of today's market economy, advertising is what is most relevant.

An example of a small business - your own bakery

To begin with, you can limit yourself to the services of posting advertisements, creating various booklets and business cards, etc. Everything directly depends on the initial financial capabilities of the entrepreneur.

There are other most profitable types of business. An equally relevant type of business, and at all times, is the sale of services and consumer goods. People will always need food, clothing and various entertainment services. True, it is worth remembering that the higher the popularity of the chosen area of ​​​​business, the higher the competition will be and, as a result, the greater the difficulties in increasing turnover.

Conclusion

If you don’t want to come up with something new and creative, you can always pay attention to the simplest areas of small business. In particular:

  • Growing products with their subsequent sale in markets or large retail chains;
  • Creation of exclusive dishes and drinks that can be sold through your own online store. Similar products can also be supplied to various offices and restaurants as business lunches.

True, it is worth remembering that the simpler the chosen business, the less profit they bring. In order to determine the most acceptable type of business for yourself (in terms of profitability and profitability), and in the future to open your own successful business project, which is guaranteed to bring profit in a short period of time, you need to carefully think and calculate everything.

Video on the topic


Wanting to get into individual entrepreneurship, a person asks the question - which individual entrepreneur is better to open for beginners, how to do this with minimal investment, and what business ideas to use? The desire to start your own business is commendable, but it is important to do it correctly, to take into account all the nuances so that the business develops and brings satisfaction along with a stable income.

There are several main directions in which a beginning individual entrepreneur can develop:

  • Production of goods;
  • provision of services;
  • mediation;
  • work related to the possession of information;
  • Sometimes business is based on partnerships.

The first type of questions does not raise any questions - an individual entrepreneur is engaged in the production of some product, household or food, and sells it to clients. The provision of services is also quite simple: the future entrepreneur offers himself as a performer. For example, a person with electrical knowledge makes minor home repairs, a carpenter fulfills orders for furniture (this is a business in the field of goods and services at the same time), etc.

Becoming an intermediary, an individual entrepreneur works according to the classic business scheme - purchasing goods at a favorable price and selling them at a profit for themselves. A subtype is a situation when a person brings together a seller and a buyer, receiving an intermediary percentage from this. Successful sales skills are critical here.

Business for individual entrepreneurs in the information sector today looks attractive. So, if an individual entrepreneur has knowledge in mathematics and other subjects, he can become a tutor, teach courses, and help in writing papers. Any expert knowledge becomes a means of earning money if you find those in need of this information.

Partnership is an interesting type of business. For example, large corporations have been known to turn to so-called problem solvers to solve complex problems. These are people with a unique vision of the situation, the ability to assess the current state of affairs and find an original way out of the crisis. An illustrative example is when a large manufacturer of sports shoes could not overcome the theft of products by employees. The invited specialist proposed a simple solution: to distribute the production of left-handed sneakers to a separate factory in another region. An individual entrepreneur can propose ideas to the management of a partner company, receiving benefits.

An individual entrepreneur has a separate status in business - he is both a citizen and a legal entity. According to the Civil Code, there are few restrictions on the activities of individual entrepreneurs - but they exist, and some of them relate to types of business that are permissible for individual entrepreneurs.

Classification by law:

  1. Prohibited activities.
  2. Requiring permission.
  3. Subject to licensing.
  4. Ordinary - that is, carried out without restrictions and prohibitions.

Let's look at them in order.

It is important to understand: the work of individual entrepreneurs is regulated by law. It specifies the requirements and responsibilities of an individual entrepreneur, as well as permitted areas of activity.

Individual entrepreneurs are prohibited from doing anything that is dangerous to the health and lives of people. The “forbidden” list of businesses also includes the military industry, chemical production and certain sectors of the financial and economic sphere.

An individual entrepreneur cannot:

  • distribute and produce alcohol-containing products;
  • trade in weapons, ammunition, weapon parts;
  • produce explosives, pyrotechnics and store them;
  • work in the space industry;
  • broadcast on television and radio channels;
  • open mutual funds and non-state pension funds - non-state owned pension funds;
  • work with drugs, psychotropic substances;
  • carry out activities in the field of work of Russians outside the country;
  • engage in air transportation;
  • sell electricity;
  • open a gambling business (including lotteries);
  • open an enterprise that actively influences the environment;
  • develop, test and repair military equipment.

The above list of businesses is incomplete; there are approximately 40 positions in total. If a citizen still wants to do business in areas prohibited for individual entrepreneurs, he must either abandon this idea or register himself as a legal entity.

With permission

Some types of activities (VA) require obtaining a business permit from supervisory authorities when it is necessary to ensure the safety of the enterprise, employees and customers. The list of them is quite large, it includes such items as catering services and sales of food products, beauty salons, entertainment services, etc.

To engage in them, an individual entrepreneur must obtain the appropriate license.

Today the list contains about 50 items, the main ones:

  • services in the field of education (except for tutoring);
  • passenger transport, with minor exceptions to the rule;
  • operations with military and aircraft equipment;
  • medical services, production and sale of medicines and medical equipment;
  • business that has little impact on the environment;
  • private investigation and security;
  • use and storage of fire and explosive substances and chemicals.

To practice them, a special room must be equipped, equipped with appropriate equipment, documentation must be prepared and a license must be obtained.

They are safe for people, and the entrepreneur is not required to meet any business requirements for these VDs. You can start working immediately after registering with the supervisory authorities.

Most areas of interest to individual entrepreneurs belong to ordinary VD:

An individual entrepreneur can change the VD if desired. All you need to do is enter the relevant data into the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs through the tax office by submitting an application there with a modified business activity code(s). When registering and subsequent changes, you can specify several codes; there is no official restriction. However, there is a recommendation - up to 30 VD.

When starting a business, it is important not to make a mistake with the tax system.

An entrepreneur, no matter what type of business activity he engages in, interacts with the tax office. When registering a business, a tax regime is selected that determines the procedure for this interaction and the tax burden. And if the individual entrepreneur hires employees, the choice will affect the tariffication of payments to the Social Insurance Fund and the Pension Fund. It is advisable to choose the best type of system for starting individual entrepreneurs in advance, at the business planning stage.

Our state is trying to ease tax conditions for entrepreneurs by offering businesses a differentiated system of rates.

In 2017, there are several forms of taxation for individual entrepreneurs:

  • suitable for any individual entrepreneur;
  • the tax is levied on an individual’s income, value added and the average annual value of property;
  • personal income tax rate is 13-30%, VAT – 0-18%, property tax – up to 2%;
  • reporting is submitted in form 3-NDFL and 4-NDFL.
  • is divided into two types - “income” and “income minus expenses”;
  • Suitable for individual entrepreneurs with up to 100 employees. and income up to 150 million rubles per year;
  • under the “income” system the rate is 6% (with the possibility of reducing it by regional authorities);
  • for “income minus expenses” the rate is 5-15%, also at the discretion of local authorities;
  • the report is submitted in the form of an annual declaration, taxes are paid quarterly in the form of an advance, and the final payment is made at the end of the year.
  • using it, you can open and run an individual entrepreneur with up to 100 employees, working in trade or services (local authorities can expand this area or cancel the tax regime completely);
  • imputed (i.e., expected to be received) income is taxed;
  • rate 7.5-15%;
  • reporting in the form of a quarterly tax return, once every 3 months. a fixed amount is paid.
  • Individual entrepreneurs have no more than 15 employees and incomes of up to 60 million per year;
  • the potential income established by local laws is taxed;
  • rate 6% (from 0 for Sevastopol and Crimea);
  • the declaration is not submitted. An individual entrepreneur acquires a patent for a certain period - from a month to a year.

OSNO is considered the main one, others are classified as special, due to the presence of peculiarities in the conditions. Some involve tax benefits.

The individual entrepreneur has the right to choose the system that is most beneficial for himself.

So, OSNO is good for everyone. According to the simplified tax system, you cannot engage in some business activities - insurance, banking business, production of excisable goods, etc. (all business activities are specified in the Tax Code, Article 346.12). UTII - mainly suitable for commercial individual entrepreneurs and the service sector. In addition, in Moscow, for example, UTII is not valid, but in the regions it will be abolished by 2021.

PSN is similar to UTII, but is suitable for a narrow circle of income tax; in addition, for each type of business you will have to buy a separate patent. Also, a patent purchased in one region is not valid in another. As for the Unified Agricultural Tax, it is only suitable for agricultural producers. If you open an enterprise that processes products, you cannot use the system. Under the Unified Agricultural Tax, individual entrepreneurs are required to engage only in agricultural production, which must generate at least 70 percent of income.

Taxation under the simplified tax system is “zero” two years after the formation of an individual entrepreneur, under the following conditions:

  • work in the social sphere, science or production;
  • registration of an entrepreneur after the adoption of a law on zero tax for local businesses.

The same applies to PSN.

If an individual entrepreneur has used different VCs, taxation is combined. For example, production operates according to OSNO, and trade - according to UTII. And income from renting out living space and tutoring is eligible for PSN.

There is a simple algorithm of actions to select a business ID:

Among the ideas of an individual entrepreneur, business ideas vary.

Popular options in 2017:

Of course, this is not a complete list of possible activities that an individual entrepreneur can engage in. Just look around, and you will probably find an interesting idea for selling a product or providing a sought-after service.

Most aspiring entrepreneurs have the desire to start their own business from scratch without financial investment. What kind of business can you open with minimal investment?, what small home business business ideas are relevant in 2019 and other answers to similar questions, read this article.

After all, I really want to open my own business, learn how to run it correctly, gather a friendly team and manage financial flows, developing the intended direction. Only the first obstacle that arises on this path ruins the plans.

A person is always clearly aware that the lack of start-up capital (initial investment) is a big problem, which becomes very difficult to solve. Sometimes it is not possible or borrow a decent amount from your friends.

And even all attempts to save up lead to the fact that money is spent on the most necessary things or on accidental troubles. Realizing this, a feeling of deep disappointment sets in, but if you think rationally, then not everything is like that gloomy .

Even if you have money, you need to use it wisely, otherwise you can lose all your savings and savings. We wrote about this in the article - “”.

In fact there are business ideas without investment or so let's say business ideas from scratch , which will help you not only start making money, but will also allow you to save some money for your more global dream.

When looking through various business ideas with minimal investment, try to choose for yourself the one that will become the closest and most favorite thing for you.

It's important to understand that only a task that brings you pleasure does not cause fatigue, gives rise to a lot of new opportunities and gives a start to successful development.

So, from this article you will learn:

  • What business to open, what to pay attention to at the creation stage and what kind of business you can start with minimal investment;
  • How to open (where to start) your own business from scratch (without money) - necessary qualities + step-by-step guide to opening your own business;
  • List of business ideas from scratch for beginners;
  • Business ideas 2019 at home, small business ideas, etc.

How to open your own business from scratch: 15 ideas for small businesses without investment (with minimal investment)

1. How to choose a business idea: what to pay attention to before opening your own business ⚠

First, you need to understand yourself and determine how clearly you are able to meet the given parameters. Try to write them down on a piece of paper and, with a high degree of frankness, put pluses where the coincidence gives 100% . Based on this, it will become clear which areas will be vulnerable and you will have the opportunity to work in this direction.

1. Psychology

Any start- this is a huge effort associated with the expenditure of time, labor and nerves. Realize whether you are ready to sacrifice established family relationships, financial stability from the salary you receive, friendly contacts, personal connections for the sake of your own business.

After all, you will have to look not only for an office, personnel, delivery channels, and sales of products, but also to debug everything to automatic actions. In addition, it is important to work on your own resistance to stress. It is she who will allow you to take steps forward, not paying attention to prejudices.

2. Choosing a field of activity

Conduct a preliminary analysis of the area or town in which you plan to start your business. Find out, which direction is poorly developed, and where, on the contrary, there is very high competition. Define, do you have a real desire to work in it, achieve results and expect a profitable period.

An incorrectly selected area for you will lead to the fact that over time interest will fade, management will become mediocre, and the efforts invested will be in vain. In addition, it will be important to learn to understand all the nuances and exercise full control over specialists in order to understand the real state of affairs.

3. Start-up capital

As stated earlier, before how to make (create) your own business, you shouldn’t abandon your plans if you don’t have the required amount of money. Start small. Of course, this will lead to a lot of time, but it will allow you to start a small business without huge loans, high interest rates and urgent repayments.

It is worth understanding that it is very difficult to obtain, besides, a large amount of monthly payment will need to be taken from the profit received, and at the start, any business is not smooth. By the way, in one of the articles in our magazine you can read the article “”.

Moreover, do not attract the money that was postponed for children, for treatment, education, strategic goals. Try to be reasonable even when you are offered a large-scale business that “pays for itself” in 2 months or a franchise (we have already described it in a separate article). Such virtually profitable projects entail high costs and do not always meet the expectations of businessmen.

4. Purpose

Be honest with yourself about what end result you expect. Maybe this is an opportunity to get rich or a desire to manage people, but most likely an attempt to prove to others your abilities by becoming a successful entrepreneur. If you are driven by a specific goal of these three, then most likely it will lead to a negative result.

Business– this is a set of actions where it is important to invest yourself in the business, uniting goals. You must be initially confident of a successful result. Only a positively minded person is able to correctly perceive the situation, choosing the most optimal solutions.

5. Quality

Determine how willing you are to fight for the quality of your services or products. It is worth understanding that many modern entrepreneurs, in order to quickly return their invested capital, rely on quantity, not wanting to deal with the claims and complaints of the end consumer in the future.

That is why the buyer chooses the service that was provided to him in the best way. In this way, sales channels are developed, long-term partnerships are built and a positive reputation appears. Answer yourself sincerely, what is the quality of the product you are selling?

One of the myths of novice businessmen is that the easiest start will be if you have a significant amount of money. Seems that problems are so easily solved, positive results are achieved and the preparatory period is painless.

Actually it's not true. It is very easy to prepare many documents yourself; you just need to understand them. Moreover, there are various services for this.

💡You can always successfully register an enterprise, develop primary documentation, select premises, test staff, create minimal operating conditions, it will just take a little more effort in the absence of financial resources.

It is possible that to optimize the tax burden it will be easier to register or. We already wrote in our last issue how to do this, why offshores are needed, what offshore zones exist.


How to create and start your own business from scratch in 6 steps

2. How to start your own business from scratch and with virtually no investment of money - 6 simple steps, what is the best way to start a small business 📋

There are main areas of activity that make it possible to start your own business practically without attracting funds. It is enough to officially register your business activity. But even here you can save significantly if you register a company yourself.

Read more about registering your business in the following articles:

Firstly , providing services you can earn a lot of extra money. Your skill to knit, sew, cut, bake, do hair, makeup, manicure, massage, perseverance And affection for children will become the basis for their own development.

Secondly, This intermediary services. Sales skills play a decisive role here. The business is built on the purchase of products at reduced prices and their further sale taking into account profits.

Third sphere can I call yours successful knowledge of information. That is, conducting additional classes, tutoring, preparation for entrance exams and even help in writing term papers, provides additional income.

AND, fourthly, introduction to business partnerships. For example, your unique vision of the situation, awareness of ways to overcome the crisis for the organization, or making new significant proposals for the further development of the company, helping to create the planned business on a partnership basis.

To start your own business, it is important to take the first steps correctly. This path will be easier if you delve into all the moments yourself.

Step #1. Defining the idea

We look through and choose the direction that interests us. Be sure to determine what you are ultimately willing to provide to the consumer and what makes your offer unique.

Review the presence of nearby competitors and the level of free access to this market.

Step #2. We draw up a business plan

To carry out such work, experience is of course important, so try to find a person in your team who has the necessary skills and gradually, with an increase in the number of orders, comprehend all the nuances.

Modern technologies make it possible to select the highest quality materials, find exact colors and textures at affordable prices. This will save the customer money and create the right reputation for you. A job well done will become the basis for further cooperation.

Business idea No. 5. Baking cakes

This direction is widespread and pays off very profitably. Its difficulty lies in maintaining the required proportions of the recipe, the oven temperature and the cooking time of the dessert.

Important, the resulting product will be fluffy and tasty. This result can only be achieved with experience. Therefore, it’s worth trying to make baked goods for home events, as gifts for friends, or just for your own pleasure.

In addition, confectioners have recently begun to use mastic very actively in their own products. This material allows you to make beautiful cakes, pastries, cookies, and gives flight to your imagination. You can time your product to coincide with a specific day or upcoming event.


Business idea No. 5. Baking cakes

Yes, on discharge of the baby easy to mold booties, rattles, cap or even stork, A on a girl's birthdaybasket of tulips, string of pearls, shape of your favorite car.

You can not only take the proposed options as a basis, but also come up with your own unique masterpieces. Each baked cake ready for delivery to the customer costs be sure to take a photo And post V photo album for the convenience of further discussion of the work.

Pick up 2-3 the most optimal recipe for yourself, determine the correct composition of ingredients through constant testing, and in the future baking will not cause you any difficulties.

Determine the price of your products based on the prices offered by your competitors. Many novice chefs offer to pay only for the work, and the customer provides the products himself.

Some business ideas with minimal investment are mentioned in this video -

Business idea No. 6. Realization (sale) of caviar

This direction also does not have any particular difficulties in its implementation; it is enough to simply organize the supply channel correctly. We know that the final cost of caviar is always very high, so it can be difficult to buy it for the holiday.

The point is that not every seller is able to bring high-quality goods, but we really want the money given to give us the opportunity to enjoy fresh, tasty caviar. So why not create an offer when there is such demand for it, especially since the product itself does not require special storage conditions.

Eg, you can analyze the average purchase price of goods based on prices offered on the Internet, then determine the places where caviar is sold. Think about how you will get there.

Taste the product by tasting each type. By taking a sample, you can agree in advance with sellers on channels for further delivery and discounts on the purchase of a batch. Offer the brought specimens to your family for testing, choosing the best optimal options. Determine for yourself packaging methods and containers that can later be made individual.

Disseminate sales information to acquaintances, relatives, colleagues on the main job. Don’t skimp on delivery, organize it yourself, working for a business first. As you gradually increase the number of orders, think about expanding your business.

In the summer, dried fish sells very well; it can be purchased at the same time.

Business idea No. 7. Vending business

These are special devices that carry out sales independently. Of course, it would be wrong to say that this direction can be started from scratch; it requires investments, but not as significant as it might seem at first glance.

The whole point is that a machine is purchased that is capable of dispensing products at the moment when the buyer puts money into it. It requires a small area for its placement and one electrical power point.

The ideal way to develop such a business requires registration of the status of an individual entrepreneur and an agreement for the installation of the device. You can service it yourself. It is enough to fill out the consumables, take the proceeds, leaving money for change. It's easy to sell this way coffee, candies, chips, peanut, videos.


Vending business with minimal investment - idea No. 7

You can study all the nuances of the work, analyze your own expenses, and determine your income using the method of calculations, as well as using information located on Internet sites. We wrote in more detail about what vending is, what types exist and where to start this business in our previous article.

There are special portals where discussions are held, current situations are sorted out, and advice is given by more experienced people who have organized a vending business.

Talk to them, determine what the difference is between the cost of such devices, what your monthly costs will be and where it is best to place the purchased equipment.

Business idea No. 8. Management of corporate events

Here you need to have organizational skills. It is only from the very beginning that it seems that it is easy for the presenter to communicate with the team without effort and labor. Actually required composure, coherence, self-confidence, skill draw attention to yourself and bring together the people who came to the event.


Your own business from scratch - business idea - organizing holidays and corporate events

Only with time comes experience that makes it possible to quickly navigate the situation, find easy solutions, and change the program in accordance with the wishes of the customer. There are a huge number of options for scenarios, songs, and ideas offered on the Internet; you just need to thoroughly think through the concept of the holiday itself, the time of its holding and the interest of each person.

Try organizing a family holiday for a start. 10 people. Determine its direction, properly prepare music, competitions, and attributes for them.

Try to take into account all the details and nuances. If there is a need to stage a fairy tale, think about it costumes, masks, even stage background. Write out the words of each participant in large letters and learn to create an atmosphere. As soon as you understand that there are no difficulties in communicating with the team, actively offer your services to customers.

Place advertisements on websites, in newspapers, magazines, create flyers and try to develop small booklets. You can create your own resource on the Internet, supplementing it not only with a description, but also with photographs taken.

It is also worth paying attention to the fact that your repertoire should be diverse . It happens, especially in small towns, that people attending events fall into the same scenario, and this negatively affects the general opinion.

Business idea No. 9. Fast food point

This is a direction that offers products of its own production for sale in points of greatest concentration of people. Such a business is relevant near schools, shopping centers, hospitals, and educational institutions. Its essence is that a menu is created, developed individually for a specific location.

This is how you can sell sandwiches, hot dogs, fried potatoes and even prepackaged salads in small, convenient containers. In addition to this assortment, tea, coffee, and juices are offered. This enterprise must be officially registered, receiving the status of an individual entrepreneur. Next, a premises is found that can meet the conditions for selling the products.

As a rule, if a business is registered as finishing shop, then the territory required is small, and the registration conditions are simplified. In addition, the dishes you sell may be plastic, and this reduces the cost of purchasing consumables, chemicals and fighting.

A fast food point does not require seating, long stays and involves the dispensing of freshly produced products. Shawarma, gyro, and pieces of meat in pita bread are now becoming especially popular. You will need fridge, Desktop, kettle, microwave and small showcase.

Business idea No. 10. Video channel on YouTube (YouTube)

This video hosting is now becoming the most popular on the Internet and allows you not only to view downloaded videos, but also to earn money from creating them. The scheme of operation is very simple.

For example, you create your own video, which is of particular relevance to the consumer, and post it by connecting to the advertising service’s affiliate program Google Adsense. Before viewing, a window pops up asking you to go to the advertiser’s website and each click made on the request is paid to you in monetary terms.

Now you need to complete 6 steps:

  1. Create a Mailbox on the Gmail service
  2. Register on Youtube
  3. Organize your own channel in your account
  4. We assign an original name that will reflect the direction of future activities
  5. Shooting video using a camera
  6. We post it on the created channel.

To connect to an affiliate program, several conditions must be met:

  • First, confirm authorship and type at least 20 works.
  • Secondly, each of them must have at least 1000 views.
  • And thirdly, collect yourself 1000 subscribers.

Now we look at the number of visits and get the money we earned. You should not forget to constantly replenish the archive, creating ratings for yourself. With minimal calculations, the cost of 1 click on an advertisement gives you 4 cents; if you perform 1000 such movements, you earn 40 dollars.

This is no longer a bad start. Moreover, this direction does not require special investments.

You can read more about the profitability of this type of income in the article - “”.

This activity can be put on stream. Having recruited the appropriate staff, record videos, edit and upload videos on an ongoing basis.

If you constantly upload videos, your income will grow exponentially (provided that you record a training video, i.e. videos that will be constantly relevant and will always be interesting to watch)

Business idea No. 11. Real estate services

Recently, this type of work is increasingly being done without organizing an official status, registering an enterprise, working for oneself. The task is to select from the huge number of advertisements posted on online resources and in newspapers the most optimal options for premises that have a real cost and suitable conditions for the consumer.


Real estate services - your own business from scratch

To get started, you can try your hand at rental housing . If your city has several educational institutions and large organizations, then the need for temporary residence will always be there. View information, analyze new offers, negotiate with the owner for a convenient viewing time and place advertisements with your services in the same newspapers that you read yourself.

Constantly study sites, adding information about the selected options. You need communication from several operators, a notepad and the Internet. Even if you don’t have a personal car, public transport will help you get to any area of ​​the city.

It is important to be constantly in touch and actively respond to calls from apartment seekers. Next, a standard form of contract is developed that will be convenient for both parties and the cost of services is calculated.

In most cases, the bonus for a realtor's work is 50 % from renting premises. Later, you can consider options for finding buyers when selling or buying apartments.

It is legally determined that an intermediary may be present at the time of the transaction and registration of property rights, but does not affix any signatures. It is worth understanding that information about housing is updated daily, which is why you need to regularly analyze the market, monitor the movement of objects so that the data transmitted to the client is up-to-date.

Business idea No. 12. Equipment repair

This direction requires only the acquisition of the necessary tools and experience. Modern equipment tends to break down regularly, which is why repair shops are constantly overloaded. When accepting your order, they set a repair time of 2 weeks, and in most cases even a month.

Therefore, the provision of services by you will become in demand, especially if you can prove the quality of your own work. You can also carry out repairs at home, identifying a small room for this. The main thing is to set deadlines correctly, without forcing people to constantly seek your attention.

The ability to “resurrect” liquid crystal TV screen or microwave oven, “give a second life” refrigerator, iron, teapot, is paid very decently, and there will be no limit to gratitude for quality work done.

Business idea No. 13. Organizing dates

Another direction that is gaining relevance at the present time. The ability to make every meeting memorable will give you the chance to develop by offering new ideas. It’s worth initially thinking about what you will offer your client.

Perhaps it will be a romantic event with beautiful candles, classical music and roses, or an extreme visit that includes a parachute jump. Your task is not just to listen to wishes, but also to offer the best option, complementing it with your own ideas. Browse websites, take notes, study videos, try to add creativity.

Take photographs of the event you are creating and place these shots in your portfolio. Describe each of the invented directions for yourself, confirming it with phone numbers, current addresses and discount cards.

Calculate the cost of your services taking into account the proposed event. It is worth understanding that in this case the customer pays not only for your work, but also for the services of the main contractor.

Business idea No. 14. Food delivery

This type of business will be most suitable for those who know how to offer their services and cook delicious food. Here you need not only to find your future customers, but also to maintain constant contact with them.

The task is to create a small menu, make it more homey, and purchase a minimum set of products. Every day, delivering ready-made lunches, you collect applications for the next day, and then, by the deadline, you again begin delivering them to the specified addresses.

Business idea No. 15. Cargo transportation

This is a direction from the service sector. Having a truck at your disposal, you can place an ad and arrive at a convenient time for the customer to complete the agreed amount of work.

By the way, if you do not have a car for transporting goods, you can use the services of leasing companies to purchase a car on lease. We have already talked about the features of a leasing transaction for individuals and legal entities in one of the previous issues.

Try to find movers to help you who are ready to work on your terms. The payment system here is simple. Calculation is carried out either per floor or per number of hours worked.


TOP 15 business options at home. Current, new, popular home business ideas

4. Business ideas at home - 15 most popular types of home business 💰 🏠

Home-based businesses attract people of all ages. Isn't this the ideal job? You make your own work schedule and choose something you like. There are quite a lot of business ideas at home that require minimal investment.

We present here the most popular small (home) business ideas to choose those that are right for you.

Home business #1. Growing vegetables, fruits, flowers in greenhouses

There are two ways to organize such a business: produce greenhouses or grow your own vegetables, fruits or flowers. Any of the options is considered successful. Those who have a summer cottage enjoy cultivating their own land.

Food grown without the use of harmful chemicals, people will happy shopping all year round, and it is impossible to imagine a single holiday without flowers, because they are the decoration of any family celebration.

It is important to take care of the market for your products in advance and establish contacts with farmers' markets, grocery stores and flower shops.

Home business #2. Production of jams, pickles and marinades

Open your own sales production preserves, marmalade, confiture, pickled cucumbers, tomatoes or sauerkraut Maybe anyone familiar with cooking .

If you have a dacha, then investment in production at the initial stage will be minimal. You can make products in the kitchen from your own grown raw materials: berries, vegetables And fruit.

In a couple of years, as you expand your home-based business, you will be making good profits from your culinary skills. The profitability of making jam in the cold season is 30% , and in summer the figure decreases.

Important! At first, you can sell home-canned products to your friends.


Home business - making handmade soap at home for aspiring entrepreneurs

Home business #3. Soap making is a business that is suitable for beginner entrepreneurs

If you choose a business for yourself that requires not only strict calculations, but also creativity, then an interesting niche is this.

It is better to rent a room with an area of ​​40 m2 outside the city: this way you can save money. It can be divided using an internal partition. One part will be used as a place for making soap, and the second as a warehouse.

Having registered your business with the tax authorities, you can start working. You will need the following materials: soap base, carrier oils, ethers, dyes, fillers, fragrances; and special equipment will be required forms, scales And containers.

The technological process does not present any difficulties:

  • grind and melt the base;
  • add base oils;
  • add dyes to the mixture;
  • add abrasives and aromatic additives;
  • grease the molds and pour the soap;
  • extract finished products.

Packaging can be made with your own design, just like custom labels. All that remains is to sell the products you need in everyday life and calculate the profit. You can easily find buyers; in stores that sell handmade goods, they will gladly accept in-demand products for sale.

Important! High-quality scented soap with an original appearance will allow you to quickly find regular customers.

Home business #4. Making original jewelry from polymer clay

Today there is a lot of costume jewelry and decorations on the market that can be bought in almost any store. And girls really want to emphasize their individuality. You can help them do this using affordable polymer clay.

A person who makes jewelry from this material can realize various ideas: the occupation is very interesting and profitable. Children and teenagers will quickly become fans of the exclusive brand.

Home business #5. Fishing

For those living in rural areas, there are favorable conditions for fishing.

There are 2 ways to make money from this:

  • grow and sell live fish;
  • smoke or salt fish and sell homemade products.

This kind of fishing can become a profitable business if you approach it wisely. To breed fish, you need to rent a pond and purchase fry.

Other factors need to be taken into account, as live fish can spoil quickly . To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to establish a sales market.

Home business #6. Ostrich breeding

An ostrich farm is considered a profitable business: profitability exceeds 100% . Today, there are already about 300 farms in the Russian Federation, from which the owners receive live poultry, meat and eggs.

In addition, excursions are organized to the farms, which also brings in a decent income.

Home business #7. Making unusual paintings

It is not at all necessary to study at a university to become an artist in order to draw pictures. If you have dreamed of learning this all your life, then go for it. Professional artists and designers can be hired.

To make modular paintings to order, you will need computer, Printer And Consumables. They look great in a modern interior and are ideal for realizing space-themed fantasies.

Real works of art are created by the skilled hands of craftswomen engaged in bead embroidery. Shopping allows you to save money canvases, beads And schemes wholesale.

Oil painting– this is a job for real artists. An entrepreneur can learn to paint on canvas himself, but then he will need to take lessons.

Home business #8. Photo studio at home

If a businessman is engaged in photography himself, then he just needs to invite an assistant to work, and he can open his own business. Photo services to the public - This is a popular service. No celebration is complete without a photo as a keepsake.

Initially, you will need to rent a small space and high-quality equipment, which can be purchased through an online store to make the purchase cheaper. One family holiday can bring from 10.000 RUR.

If your beloved baby turns 1 year old, parents will want to capture this significant event. For newlyweds, a wedding means entering a new life, which is why they are so happy and want to preserve an extraordinary feeling, and, of course, high-quality photographs in an album can give them such memories.

Additionally, photo studios offer restoration, photo design, and photocopying services.

Home business #9. Selling boiled corn

Selling boiled corn is considered an attractive type of seasonal business. Many citizens do not mind having a snack on the street, especially when it comes to tasty and healthy food.

Investments in the business are minimal, but the income is excellent: boiled corn is 3 times the cost of raw materials.

Home business #9. Knitted items for sale


Home business idea - selling handmade knitted items

If a woman knows how to knit or crochet, then she can sell ready-made items if she wants.

Machine knitting - This is an excellent opportunity to quickly produce stylish and warm items of clothing. Thanks to the variety of designs, all products will be unique. Who doesn't want to dress differently from everyone else? Clients can be people of any age. If desired, knitting needles can be made to order. It’s better to buy a good knitting machine with advanced functionality.

A computer model opens up endless possibilities for creativity for the knitter. Various patterns will help decorate any author's work.

Knitting will bring financial profit if the entrepreneur there is a clearly defined goal and a desire to earn money.

Home business #10. Cottage cheese production

Fermented milk products must be consumed. Cottage cheese is a product that is easily digestible. It contains amino acids, calcium and phosphorus necessary for the body. To produce cottage cheese, you will need an equipped room and trained personnel.

The product is intended for sale to the public. In addition to regular cottage cheese, you can set up production cheesecakes, cakes, creams, pastes and cottage cheese with fillings. It is important to find reputable milk suppliers and establish contacts with stores to sell products.

Home business #11. Return of plastic bottles

Today, plastic successfully competes with glass as a material for packaging. But while people hand over glass bottles, plastic bottles are mostly simply thrown away or burned.

Discarded container- This is garbage of inorganic origin that does not decompose over time. And when plastic is burned, harmful substances are released that can cause cancer in humans.

If you organize the collection of plastic bottles and return the containers to a collection point, you can give used products a second life. The necessary things are made again from recycled material: buckets, basins, boxes, plastic bottles (food containers cannot be made from recycled materials).

Home business #12. Production of food for small pets

People who have animals must take care of their little brothers. A high-quality diet can increase the lifespan of rodents, aquarium fish and birds. This business is considered cost-effective , the main thing is that the feed complies with GOST. All ingredients for nutritional formulas are available.

Cereals with added dried fruits form the basis of nutrition for rodents and birds; and for fish - algae, fishmeal, proteins, fat, proteins, starch, plankton, insects.

Important! You can get truly high-quality and healthy food if you consult with a veterinarian: he will tell you what the correct ratio of individual components should be.

Home business #13. Milk production and sale

Highly profitable production requires capital investment. Consumers are willing to buy this popular product; demand for high-quality milk has increased.

Depending on what assortment the enterprise will have, equipment is purchased. This is the most significant expense item.

Home business #14. Production of semi-finished meat products

To one of the most profitable areas in the food production sector. Semi-finished meat products are very popular among consumers, so this profitable business.

To make dumplings at home, you will need to purchase special equipment. Before purchasing it, you will have to do it yourself. You will need to find a meat supplier and consumers who want to enjoy delicious dumplings.

If a businessman keeps livestock himself, then for business it is a huge plus : You don’t have to worry about how high-quality raw materials were used.

Home business #15. Seasonal sale before the New Year

If you want to make good money for the New Year, then it is not difficult to realize. The first business option includes the sale of New Year's costumes and clothes. As a rule, at this time matinees are held in kindergartens, and parents will like the idea of ​​​​buying their son or daughter a new thing.

Sweaters embroidered with New Year's patterns, - a wonderful holiday gift for relatives. If an entrepreneur puts on a Santa Claus costume, his products will be readily bought up.

The second option is to organize a seasonal sale - this is selling Christmas trees: many parents are convinced that without a Christmas tree the child will not feel the holiday. The best option would be to open several retail outlets in different areas of the city.

ATTENTION! To trade live Christmas trees, you need a permit to sell forest beauties.

Another interesting idea that can be adopted is this is the opening of a gift shop. Such a project allows you to make a good profit not only before the New Year, but also on other holidays.

Renting New Year's dresses- a wonderful business. Corporate parties are organized where ladies should shine. However, not everyone can afford to buy a new dress. If you rent a product, it will cost many times less.

And one more post-New Year's idea - destruction of Christmas trees. As you know, if you decorate a live spruce or Christmas tree at home, the pine aroma will create a truly festive atmosphere. In addition, inhaling it is good for health.

Usually the forest beauty stands in an apartment or house until the Old New Year is celebrated, and then you have to part with the tree. A resourceful entrepreneur can help parents remove their Christmas tree. And wood can be used to heat a stove in winter.


What business to open in a small town? Read more about business ideas in a village (small town, village)

5. What kind of business can you open with minimal investment in a small town - 6 business ideas for a small town 🏞 💸

Just because you live in a small town doesn't mean you can't do business there. You need to wisely choose a business for yourself that will allow you to earn good money.

The following business ideas for a small town can help you choose something to your liking.

1. Private kindergarten

The problem of finding a kindergarten for a young family often arises in small towns, where the choice preschool educational institution small. All you need to do is create favorable conditions for the child and offer parents an acceptable price tag. You can start with a small amount of starting capital.

Properly selected personnel will soon allow the business project to fully recoup. You may not even have to spend money on advertising. Satisfied parents will bring you their relatives and friends who also have small children.

ATTENTION! People who love children and know how to treat them should work in a private kindergarten.

2. Solution for home problems

Agency offering services eliminating everyday problems, is a win-win idea. The company helps the population cope with those tasks that need to be solved in a timely manner. Anyone who needs help with household chores will need your company.

Agency employees will perform a wide variety of functions: prepare dishes to order, wash and iron, assemble or disassemble furniture, change burnt out light bulbs, etc.

At the first stage, you need to register an individual entrepreneur, buy the necessary tools, and select personnel.

There is no need to rent a room. Advertising may be required. Tell everyone you know about your services to find your first clients.

3. Bakery

A small manufacturing enterprise that bakes fresh bread and baked goods is a profitable business. Fresh baked goods are always in great demand. It should be noted that this cannot be done without investment.

It will take about 1.5 million rubles A long-term project will be able to fully pay off only after a year. Here you need to be patient and not bet on immediate gains.

IMPORTANT! Consistently high-quality products will be sold out and attract new consumers.

4. An organization that repairs things or makes keys

This business does not require expert knowledge from its owner. Main– purchase modern high-precision equipment. So, you can set up a home workshop for yourself.

It is better for the owner to contact a repair service to fix the iron than to buy a new one. The same can be said about umbrellas and kitchen appliances.

5. Online store for the production of handmade goods

Creative people with skills in various types of needlework have a huge scope for activity. By choosing this type of business, you can earn a lot of money and do what you love.

In a small town there may be a problem : There will not be enough customers willing to buy finished products. However, today there is an optimal solution for this. Create an online store and accept orders from all over the world.

Exclusive items from the so-called Hand-made category are incredibly popular: after all, each of them is truly unique. Orders can be sent to other cities and countries by mail.

Creating a website takes little time. If you wish, you can quickly create the necessary Internet resource; knowledge in the field of programming and SEO in this area provides huge advantages.

A businessman can create an online store on his own, and if he himself manages to promote the resource in search engines and ensure a constant flow of visitors to the site, then we can safely say that the money invested in the project will soon be returned.

6. Opening of courses (foreign languages, dance, yoga, martial arts)

Parents want to see their child fully developed. They are ready to give it away vocals, choreography And karate simultaneously. When there is an opportunity to place your beloved child in a small group, why not take advantage of it?

If you know English well, you can take up tutoring . Use Skype in your work to conduct classes with your student.

Sign an agreement with a client and work without leaving home. Online you can teach people useful and practical things (online courses, languages, how-to guides, etc.) that will always be in demand.


TOP 5 manufacturing business ideas

6. What kind of business to start in the field of production - 5 business ideas for production 🏭

Entrepreneurial activities related to the organization of small production are considered both complex and promising. Anyone who wants to try their hand at the manufacturing business will be able to find their own niche.

1. Business idea: production of furniture

To implement this idea you will need special equipment:

  • band saw – these machines cut wood and metal;
  • drying - will be needed if you plan to produce wood products;
  • woodworking - this includes milling machines and a machine for aging wood;
  • glass processing – for sandblasting;
  • metalworking – for cutting, polishing, drilling or welding;
  • sewing - for sewing parts for furniture;
  • additional tools - drills, screwdrivers, screwdrivers and others.

Where to start making furniture and what to pay attention to?

As for the organizational and legal level, registration of an LLC is required. In this case, the number of potential clients will include large institutions: government and legal entities.

You can specialize in manufacturing kitchen, corps, office And other furniture.

  1. You need to offer your services to the public and furniture stores. Additional services should include assembly and installation.
  2. In your city, analyze the furniture market, taking into account the shortcomings in the work of competitors. If you eliminate the shortcomings of someone else’s business, you can bring your own company to a leading position.
  3. It is necessary to draw up a production plan. You need to rent or buy 2 premises: an office and a production workshop. The office should be located in a location convenient for potential clients. The workshop can be located anywhere. Often an office is combined with a store where products are sold and a workshop in one place.
  4. It will be necessary to equip a workshop. There are many options here. Machines are selected depending on financial capabilities and the materials from which the furniture will be made. The necessary equipment includes milling machines, panel saws, lathes and jigsaws.
  5. Recruiting staff is an important task for an entrepreneur. Should be hired.

IMPORTANT! Make the correct calculations, otherwise the enterprise may turn out to be unprofitable.

2. Production of building materials - polystyrene foam

Such small production with a rational approach cannot fail to generate consistently high income . Current business involves creating your own production line, establishing cooperation with construction companies to supply the product at a low price. The material is widely used to strengthen the facades of buildings.

To create a production line you need foaming area, aging bunkers, plot, where foam plastic is cut, additional equipment.

ATTENTION! The line capacity reaches up to 40 cubic meters. meters per shift.

3. Business idea - recycling used tires

Are you looking for a respectable business to invest your money in? Recycle tires to get crumb rubber or fuel oil. The first product is a special fraction that is used in road work, for covering various sites, and in construction.

Fuel oil is used for heating, in agriculture, housing and public utilities.

Equipment is purchased taking into account what the final product will be. You can rent a small room.

4. Business idea - production of souvenirs

Gifts for colleagues and business partners– this is a current niche. If you just hand people stationery, that’s exactly how they will be perceived.

At the same time, a notepad with the name of a company or a pen with the name of an organization engraved on it acquires a special value for its owners. These items remind of memorable events in a person’s life, so he often uses them for a long time.

On average, you need 5 thousand dollars to start, such investments pay off after a year, provided that the entrepreneur manages to find regular customers quickly. T-shirts, mugs, and file folders can be used as souvenirs.

To reduce the cost of renting premises, you can use your garage for production. We wrote in detail about, as well as what ideas for garage production are currently relevant in the last issue.

5. Business idea - mini-factory for hardware production

If a businessman needs, first of all, a constant workload of new orders, then the production of fasteners contributes to this in the best possible way.

These products are always required on a construction site. No repair will be complete without these products. You need to purchase equipment and consumables. Buyers can be looked for both among professional companies and among construction stores.

Products do not spoil for a long time if they are stored properly in a warehouse.


What business should a novice entrepreneur start, what business is relevant now - 5 trending business ideas

7. What business is relevant now - 5 examples of relevant business in 2019 💻 💡

Any aspiring businessman (entrepreneur) at the initial stage asks the question of what business is currently relevant in Russia. Let's look at some of them.

Example No. 1. Business on cryptocurrency

ForexClub.

Small Business Ideas

List of business ideas of the future in 2019 in Russia. How to open your own business and make your business in demand and successful? What will the business of the future be like?

A selection of the newest business ideas in Russia in 2019. How can a beginner build his own business with minimal financial investment?

List of the newest business ideas for small businesses from scratch in 2019. How to open your own business for a beginner with minimal investment? Earning options.

True tips on how to choose a niche for business in 2019. Current ideas on how to find your niche with minimal investment in the entrepreneurial field.

List of startups 2019 in Russia. Ideas with minimal investment for beginning entrepreneurs. The most profitable options for business projects.

Advice from entrepreneurs on what is profitable for a newbie to run a small business in 2019. Ideas on what kind of business you can do to earn money.

Where to start doing business with China? Ideas for making money with small investments for beginners during a crisis. Choosing a niche and its detailed description.

How can novice entrepreneurs start their own pottery business? Business with small financial investments. Manufacturing technology and equipment.

Ideas to start a small business

How to open your own small business and what to do? A question that worries many aspiring entrepreneurs. Everyone wants the business to be successful and immediate profit. But not everything is so simple and easy, remember this. In order to become a businessman, you will have to put in a lot of effort and work, overcome a lot of obstacles, and gain the necessary experience. You can find profitable business ideas in our small business section. For interesting options, detailed ways to develop a small business, non-standard approaches to implementing business projects, read the articles.

You can build a business together with friends or relatives. Or you can do it alone. Some will find even more advantages in the second option than in the first. And you don’t necessarily need a large amount of start-up capital. The main thing is to choose the right business ideas for individual entrepreneurs with small investments alone, or rather, the one that you can handle and like.

Ideas for starting your own business for men

It is believed that men should work with their hands at first. Let’s put it this way: it’s not necessary, but if nothing else comes to mind yet, and you really want to start your own business, then you can do it this way. Let's list the main ideas for personal business that men can do and require physical strength.

  1. Car repair

What do you need: own equipped garage (can be rented), tools.

Attachments: if you have been involved in car repairs before, at least your own, and have the necessary set of tools, as well as your own garage, located in a convenient location, then the costs will be minimal - to begin with, you can invest what you have into the business, let it be 10 or 20 thousand rubles. And as the list of services provided expands, expand your tool base.

  1. Providing services as a plumber

Attachments: Again, if you know how to fix plumbing, you probably already have a set of necessary tools at home. It will take no more than 15,000 rub.. If you have 100-200 thousand rubles saved up to start a business, then it’s better to spend it on a used car with a small van. This will dramatically increase your mobility; in addition, you will be able to buy the necessary plumbing equipment for your clients and charge a small additional payment for its delivery or provide turnkey services.

  1. Mowing grass, plowing land, cutting down trees, etc.