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History of the development of the Internet advertising market. Effective advertising on the Internet

Good afternoon, dear readers of the HeatherBeaver business magazine! The founders of the site, Vitaly Tsyganok and Alexander Berezhnov, are with you.

We will also talk about the history of online advertising, the rules for placing advertising content on websites, ways to increase the effectiveness of advertising with practical recommendations and clear examples from life.

1. Advertising on the Internet - a new trend of the 21st century

Any commercial project needs promotion and expansion of the field of activity. Today, almost all companies and organizations have their own representation on the Internet in the form of a resource, blog, or page on social networks.

However, creating a website and even filling it with relevant content does not guarantee an automatic increase in sales and growth in the popularity of a commercial project. We have already talked about this in one of the previous articles.

It is necessary not only to be present on the Internet, but also to place competent advertising on the Internet, as well as spend money or time on promotion, promotion and increasing the conversion of the site.

Advertising on the Internet (English term " Internet Advertising» ) is a relatively new phenomenon, as is the World Wide Web itself. Just 15-20 years ago, of all types of advertising on the Internet, users and advertisers were familiar with only one option - spam mailing.

Today there are dozens of types of advertising on the World Wide Web. There is free advertising on the Internet, paid (professional) advertising on websites and social networks. There are online advertising agencies that use the latest technological advances in their activities.

This market began to take shape in the mid-90s of the last century, but until the early 2000s, the World Wide Web was not considered by advertisers as a priority advertising platform, although the most advanced companies were already practicing the promotion of goods and services on the Internet as an auxiliary channel for the implementation of their marketing campaigns.

The rapid development of the World Wide Web has led to changes in economic policy. Since the mid-2000s, the Internet has become main channel of influence on consumers .

This fact is due to the following circumstances:

  • the steady growth of Internet users and the increase in the time they spend online;
  • development of wireless communications technologies;
  • the emergence of the mobile Internet;
  • the development of the Internet economy and the spread of trade through the World Wide Web;
  • the emergence and development of technical platforms for managing online advertising.

In addition, new analytical systems have emerged that make it possible to quickly and accurately measure the effectiveness of advertising on the Internet.

The basic principles of online advertising are similar to those in traditional media. The fundamental difference is that in the online space, active participation from consumers is almost always required - advertising begins to work when the user takes some action.

Typically, this action is a “click,” following a link, registering on a specific site, or other types of activity.

The most promising area of ​​online marketing is targeted advertising: attracting a target audience with the help of highly targeted advertisements, banners, and videos.

There are a large number of forms of transmitting commercial messages - advertising in the browser, pop-up windows, aggressive teaser advertising, advertising on Google, YAN - Yandex advertising network - contextual advertising hidden inside information arrays, banner advertising.

Each channel is currently distinguished by bright and memorable advertising. And all Russian television is no exception. Sometimes the question may even arise: “Who invented advertising on TV in Russia?” Channel One has distinguished itself with a new advertisement in which squirrels are the main characters. By portraying various actors, they thereby entertain and bring joy to the audience while taking a break from the news, watching a movie or series on the same channel. Cute squirrels, acting out interesting situations and scenes, dilute any tense atmosphere.

History of the origin of advertising

The very meaning of the word “Advertising” has undergone significant changes, passing through the centuries. Initially, it meant something loud that conveyed important information. Simply put, the message was loudly “shouted out” to the people or those who needed to be informed about something.

For almost all of its existence, advertising has adhered to unspoken rules. The main thing that had to be observed was the creation of public notices through intermediaries. In other words, the one who wanted to convey his information began to act with the help of special workers. They, in turn, were obliged to find a means of disclosing the information and facts received. Or they pledged to create all the conditions necessary to attract people.

The next rule, or rather effect, is the inexplicable reaction. In other words, it is impossible for anyone to know exactly what effect an advertisement may have on the public. Yes, advertisements and appeals are created in such a way as to produce only a positive effect, but this is not 100% likely.

Next up is the importance of specifying the customer himself.

Currently, another mandatory rule has been added: drugs and other illegal substances may be involved. Also, the distribution of such advertising is punishable by law. But who came up with advertising? We'll talk about this a little later. A few facts and everything will become absolutely clear.

Advertising departments

As technology has evolved, so has advertising. Certain information began to be transmitted and disseminated in more and more new ways. After some time, advertising messages began to be divided into groups. The main ones are:

Who invented advertising and when was it?

The founder and first person to create printed advertising can be considered the journalist Theophrastus Renaudo. But still, the origins of this case are Egyptian letters about the sale of slaves, grain and other things. Yes, at that time this was exactly the way to attract buyers. By creating the effect of needing something like this, they advertised the quality and performance of their slaves. This created a common opinion among buyers who took advantage of the offer. And this already increased the demand for the product, namely slaves. Having undergone significant changes over time, advertising has acquired a completely different content. It made it to the screens, but who came up with TV advertising? Unfortunately, it is impossible to tell about this with accuracy. But the founders were advertisers from the USA. The year 1941 is remembered for the first time a commercial was shown on television.

Who came up with TV commercials with squirrels?

Let's go back to the beginning, where a striking example of the use of originality in the creation of advertising videos was described. In this case, advertising is different in that it carries almost no special meaning. Squirrels don't talk about brands or stores. They just act out funny scenes. This advertisement is a wonderful example of a light and entertaining genre. In our century, it is he who has become much more valued.

But it is worth adding that these cute squirrels are not alive. These are just 3D models created in a computer program, and subsequently animated with superimposed fur textures. Squirrels are the idea of ​​one of the directors of Channel One. It took a lot of time to implement the idea.

Hello, dear readers! With you is one of the authors of the business magazine HeatherBober.ru, Alexander Berezhnov.

Today we will talk about such a form of communication as advertising. In the modern world, it surrounds us literally everywhere: on the street, at home on TV, and especially on the Internet.

From the article you will learn:

  • History of the emergence and development of advertising;
  • Types and objectives of advertising;
  • The modern advertising market, its functions, costs and goals.

This article will help you understand the concept of advertising, consider its features, types and methods of placement, and will also reveal the subtleties and features of this phenomenon of a modern market economy.

Separately, I described how to properly organize and plan an advertising campaign and make it commercially effective.

It is difficult to imagine the modern world without advertising. It accompanies us everywhere: as soon as we turn on the computer, TV or radio, leave the house, go to the supermarket or the Internet, get into transport, and all types of advertising literally fall on our main senses.

For those who work for themselves or are planning to do so, as well as for everyone who chooses marketing and advertising as their profession, it is useful to know what advertising is, how it works, and what is the history of its origin.

1. What is advertising - definition, history of origin and development

The word itself is of Latin origin and means “to shout, shout.” That is, in the linguistic sense of the word, its main essence already lies - to communicate and disseminate information about something without the consent of the listener.

Advertising is information disseminated in various ways using various means, addressed to a wide range of people and with the aim of attracting attention to the object of advertising. Advertising maintains interest in the product and ensures its promotion in the market.

  1. Product;
  2. Manufacturer of the product;
  3. Salesman;
  4. The result of intellectual work;
  5. Event (concert, festival, sporting event, games and risk-based betting);
  6. Commercial enterprise.

Advertising is a method of non-personal presentation and promotion of products, services, ideas on behalf of the manufacturer, distributor, seller, intermediary. This is a method of paid dissemination of information with a previously known (or hidden) source of funding, as well as a leading link in marketing communications.

It probably originated with the emergence of trade relations between people even before the appearance of money as an equivalent of goods. The existence of the concept of advertising in prehistoric times is confirmed, for example, by an Egyptian papyrus found by archaeologists with an advertisement for the sale of a slave.

In even more ancient times, word of mouth advertising probably existed. If reliable means of storing information had existed at that time, we would have found in oral advertisements approximately the same techniques that marketers use today.

Oral advertising was represented by street and market barkers (now they would be called promoters) advertising their goods, written advertising was placed on papyrus scrolls, clay and waxed tablets, on stones and buildings.

From history courses we know that commodity exchange has been used by humanity for thousands of years: advertising has existed for about the same amount of time.

In the ancient world, the first professional advertising specialists appeared - they composed the texts of advertisements and placed them on stone structures in the central part of the city. There was also a practice of reading out such information publicly in public squares with as many people as possible.

Printing allowed text advertising to go into circulation. The first official print advertisement is considered to be an announcement of a reward for anyone who provides information about the whereabouts of 12 stolen horses, published in the first London newspaper. With this short text the dawn of a new era in advertising began.

It was mass communications that allowed advertising to become a real engine of trade. The founder of professional advertising is considered to be the French doctor and part-time journalist Theophrastus Rondo, who was the first to print private advertising texts in the press.

The Englishman William Taylor did approximately the same thing: his company Tayler & Newton (founded in 1786) acted as an intermediary between advertisers and printing houses. The world's first advertising agency opened in 1842 in the USA: its founder was Volney Palmer.

Retro posters from the history of advertising

The next impetus for the development of advertising was the appearance of photography. The real image has become irrefutable proof of the merits and advantages of the promoted object. But even more monumental events in this area of ​​marketing began to occur in the 20th century.

  • the emergence of full-color printing;
  • the emergence and development of television;
  • development of satellite communications;
  • widespread introduction of computers and the emergence of the Internet.

In general, advertising is a living, independent, constantly evolving structure, the evolution of which is very exciting to follow. It’s even more exciting to participate in the actual creation of advertising and bring the craziest marketing ideas to life.

2. Functions, tasks, goals of modern advertising

Secondary tasks:

  • increased consumer demand;
  • designation of positions of specific goods on the market;
  • promotion of consumer qualities of the product;
  • formation and strengthening of the image and prestige of brands;
  • increased presence of goods and services on the market;
  • search and creation of new product sales channels.

The long-term and long-term goal of every advertising campaign is to make a trademark, product, brand recognizable and known to as many people as possible. In everyday life, we are surrounded by many examples of successful marketing campaigns.

However, using neurolinguistic programming tools or using other methods that affect health and consciousness, depriving a person of freedom of choice, is prohibited by the Federal Advertising Law.

The turnover of this industry amounts to billions of dollars; The most current technological resources, artistic ideas and scientific achievements are involved here.

There is a category of people who openly hate advertising, and there are those who try not to pay attention to it. Almost everyone considers himself an advertising expert, which is not surprising if we consider this area of ​​​​marketing as a cultural phenomenon.

Let's try to understand the main types and tools of advertising.

Shares of various advertising distribution channelsin the total volume of the advertising market in 2015

Type 1. Outdoor advertising

This is one of the most common, relevant and effective methods of promoting products and services. In English, this advertising channel is called “outdoor” - that is, outdoors, in the open air.

The advantages of this type of promotion are obvious:

  • the widest possible audience coverage;
  • low cost of one-time contact with a potential consumer;
  • long-term impact;
  • a large number of options for placing information.

Text and graphic outdoor advertising is placed on permanent or temporary structures installed in open areas, above the roadways of streets, on the external surfaces of street structures and buildings. This type of advertising is designed primarily for visual perception.

Outdoor advertising also has its disadvantages:

  • limited amount of transmitted information;
  • influence of climatic and atmospheric factors;
  • relatively high cost of manufacturing large-scale structures.

It is believed that the most effective is an image or text whose meaning is read by the observer in 1 second. This means that information should be presented concisely, compactly, clearly and clearly.

Type 2. Advertising in the media

The media are print media, television, radio. We can say that this is the main field of activity for advertisers and marketers. Everyone uses the media – some daily, others periodically. Advertising in print media will be discussed below, but here we will focus on TV.

Television is one of the most advanced and effective channels for transmitting advertising information.

The effect of presence brings TV advertising closer to a form of interpersonal communication - the transmission of information on TV creates the illusion of direct two-way contact. This is why TV advertising time is so expensive and often eats up the bulk of a company's marketing budget.

  • visual and sound impact;
  • large audience reach;
  • powerful psychological impact due to the personal nature of the appeal to the consumer;
  • variety of choice of visual and audio means of influence.

Type 3. Internet advertising

With its fairly low cost, online advertising reaches a potentially endless audience - all users of computers, smartphones, iPhones, tablets.

The main principles and technologies of advertising on the Internet are the same as in traditional media. The only difference is that on the Internet the consumer is usually required to actively participate - in the Internet environment nothing happens until the user takes some action.

In this case, such an action is a “click”, going to a specific website or other type of activity, for example, downloading an application or registering in a service.

There are many formats for transmitting commercial messages - advertising on Google, Yandex, in browsers, pop-up windows on websites, contextual advertising within information arrays, teasers, links directing to online stores, spam.

We wrote about that earlier.

Type 4. Print advertising

Printed products remain an effective way to disseminate commercial information. Modern printing houses make it possible to achieve realistic, colorful, full-color images that work to increase sales and enhance the prestige of the company.

Business cards and product catalogs are still relevant for most companies. After all, some people of the “old school” are more comfortable looking at paper media and touching it, as opposed to electronic media.

By analogy, a large number of people are still more comfortable reading paper books than electronic ones.

Type 5. Direct advertising

Verbal, graphic or other information transmitted through direct contact.

Direct contact means not only the personal presentation of the proposal, but also the remote provision of information - by telephone, by mail, through Internet communications.

Many, I think, are personally familiar with this type of commercial activity - this includes, for example, advertising on VKontakte, advertising via Skype, or messages sent by e-mail with a personal message.

A distinctive feature of this type of advertising is the direct appeal of the advertiser to the consumer. This is the most personal version of a commercial proposal, which in many cases works and contributes to effective sales.

The advertiser establishes direct two-way contact with feedback and can interact with the potential buyer directly. Despite the frequent negative consumer reaction to direct advertising, this type continues to develop - mainly as an auxiliary means of increasing sales.

Type 6. Advertising on souvenirs (branding)

This type of promotion of companies and products is known to everyone who has attended presentations and PR campaigns: you are given an inexpensive but nice souvenir (calendar, lighter, mug, cap, T-shirt, bag with the company logo, slogan or other commercial information).

A free gift serves as a symbol of the advertiser’s favor and goodwill towards the consumer. This is a relatively inexpensive and effective way of marketing; souvenir products work especially well when the company’s brand has already been promoted. In this case, the souvenir is an effective image personalized advertising.

Branding, that is, applying the company’s logo and distinctive attributes to souvenirs, will always be relevant.

Type 7. Advertising on transport

Text, graphic or other visual information placed on the outside (or inside) of vehicles. In this case, the advertiser brands the entire vehicle or its parts.

Transit advertising can be classified as a type of outdoor advertising, but its fundamental difference is in mobility. Transport advertising, unlike stationary advertising, moves with the carrier and potentially reaches a much larger audience.

The advantages of transit advertising are wide audience coverage, high level of impact, and relatively low cost. Information and images are placed on transport based on agreements with the owners of the vehicles or their tenants. Commercial messages of this type can capture the attention of the audience for a long time - for example, when they are placed inside a bus, subway car, or trolleybus. Advertising on transport must meet all efficiency requirements - be concise, compact, accessible to the mass consumer.

4. Advertising media

Here we will try to summarize the main characteristics and advantages of the most popular means of advertising distribution.

1) Television, radio

Media resources continue to lead the list of the most productive and effective advertising means. The main advantages of TV and Radio:

  • availability;
  • reaching a huge number of people;
  • wide choice of influence methods;
  • presence effect.

About 30-40% of the total advertising market comes from television and radio communications. There are many forms of distributing commercial offers through media, but the main ones remain short videos or audio clips. Despite the negative attitude of a significant part of the audience towards television and radio advertising, this industry is developing and will continue to develop as long as the media exist.

Large firms and corporations spend a huge amount of money on creating memorable and effective commercials, but in the end the costs pay for themselves, otherwise we would hardly have seen so much advertising information on TV.

2) Internet

The World Wide Web is the most promising modern direction in the advertising industry. Agencies and entire marketing institutes are constantly developing new methods of influencing potential consumers and looking for the most effective channels for placing advertising information on the Internet.

In other words, conversion is the number of potential actions to actually completed ones, measured as a percentage. For example, if 100 people saw an advertising banner on a website, and 10 people clicked on it, then the conversion will be equal to 10 (those who clicked on the banner) / 100 (those who saw the banner) * 100 % = 10% conversion.

We have already written about it as an independent way to make a profit. This once again confirms the fact that the direction of online advertising is very attractive for both novice entrepreneurs and advertising market sharks.

The network of World Wide Web users is constantly growing, especially the younger generation is spending more and more time on the Web, so more and more advertisers are transferring their advertising budgets online.

The Internet allows you to create advertising that is not only bright and memorable, for example, through the use of flash/gif animation of banners or posting video content on YouTube, but also to very accurately reach your target audience, using, for example, social networks, thematic sites, professional communities, forums and so on.

3) Magazines and newspapers

Print media have lost a significant part of their consumer audience in recent decades, but continue to be the engines of trade.

The level of printing allows you to create expensive glossy publications that act as an alternative source of information for people who rarely or rarely use the Internet.

Often modern media have both printed and electronic resources. For example, Forbes magazine is published both in print and has a popular online resource of the same name, Forbes.ru.

4) External and internal advertising structures

These include:

  • billboards on the streets;
  • video screens;
  • roller displays;
  • electronic displays;
  • decorative signs;
  • volumetric spatial structures;
  • live advertising;
  • POS materials;
  • poster stands;
  • cabinets.

5) Email newsletter

Sometimes this is information distributed by subscription, sometimes it is unauthorized messages in the form of spam.

Often the letter asks you to follow a link, watch a video, or register on the advertiser’s website.

6) PR events

Literally, “public relations” means relationships with the public.

This can also be translated into Russian as “public relations”. These events are aimed at forming a favorable opinion about the company, product, brand. The effect of a PR campaign is achieved not through repeated mention of the product or company itself, but through the image that is formed around the brand as a result.

The most popular PR campaigns are:

  • presentations, symposia, anniversaries, conferences, briefings, to which media representatives, potential partners, consumers, and sometimes everyone are invited;
  • sponsorship activities: the company sponsors a sporting event, broadcast, concert or other event;
  • PR campaigns in the media.

The most important condition for PR projects: colorfulness, credibility and the ability not only to present a product, but to clearly explain its attractiveness and necessity for the consumer.

This is exactly how those who want to get results from their advertising campaigns should act.

5. How to properly organize an advertising campaign and place advertising with maximum effect

A properly organized campaign brings stable profits to manufacturers and service providers, promotes business development and expansion, and opens up new markets.

This could be a demonstration of the product in action, lotteries and coupons attached to the product, various discounts and bonuses. Recently, the original way of selling one product placed inside another has become especially relevant.

A well-known example of such a technique is the sale of children's toys placed in kinder surprises.

5 simple steps to organize an advertising campaign

Below we will consider the main steps to organize an advertising campaign:

  1. Define the goal advertising campaign;
  2. Determine advertising budget;
  3. Approve the concept advertising campaign and the main advertising message to clients (professional advertising agencies can help you in developing creative and all advertising materials);
  4. Develop a detailed plan advertising campaign (indicating the types and volumes of advertising, timing, cost);
  5. Summarize advertising campaign (evaluation of effectiveness).

Such agencies are able to offer their clients both the production of advertising content and the organization of its placement, as well as various types of advisory assistance, for example, with media planning*.

  • business size and advertising budget capabilities;
  • market position (market share) and age of the company;
  • preferences and behavioral characteristics of the target audience;
  • advertising positioning of competitors;

Proper planning involves choosing a combination of different media in which the advertising message will be seen or heard by the largest part of the target audience.

To achieve this goal, media planning is precisely what is needed.

  • required coverage of the target audience;
  • the required number of contacts (“power” of the advertising campaign);
  • concentration (ensuring a sufficient/noticeable number of advertising outputs/touches during the advertising campaign period);
  • dominance (in a selected communication channel, for example on a specific radio station and TV channel).

For advertising to work, it must be created in the world of the consumer, that is, take into account the specific needs of a person, his preferences and needs. There are a huge number of marketing techniques used by advertising agencies.

The most effective are those that work not only to increase current sales, but also to create a sustainable positive image of the company among the audience. Advertising should be recognizable, not too intrusive, relevant and right on target.

Example of creative Mercedes-Benz advertising (with chickens):

In recent years, there has been a high growth in the volume of advertising placed on the Global Network. This is due to the rapid development of the Internet, as well as the increase in the number of its users. Today, there are a variety of advertising formats. They come in text and graphic, animation and video. However, not only owners of laptops and computers can now see advertising on websites. The reach of the user audience has expanded significantly with the development of the mobile Internet. Advertising placed on websites today is quite accessible to users of tablets and smartphones. But you can see advertisements not only here.

Quite effective advertising on the Internet is found on social networks, as well as on YouTube in the form of videos. The last two methods are the most promising in terms of attracting the target audience, as they have flexible targeting. The latter’s settings select from the entire user audience only that part of it for which this particular ad will be relevant, as well as those goods or services mentioned in it.

Effective online advertising can take many forms. These are pop-up (aggressive) pop-under and pop-up windows, animated and graphic banners, media ads in videos, teasers, contextual text ads, individual lines, as well as information in mailing lists. Let's take a closer look at the types of most effective advertising on the Internet.

Banner

This type of advertising refers to a regular image. Most often it comes in the form of animation and has an active link to the page that requires promotion. But sometimes banner advertising on the Internet is represented by a static image. The main purpose of such advertisements is to increase brand awareness of the company.

The banner has strictly fixed dimensions. The most popular of them are 240 x 400, as well as 468 x 160. A static image is made in png or ipeg format, and animation is in flash or gif.

Banner advertising on the Internet can be seen in the most successful places on the site from a marketing point of view. It is usually located to the side of the main text or in the header of the resource. Sometimes this type of advertising is located between logical sections of information located on the site.

Banner advertising on the Global Network is published on sites with similar topics. Such a marketing move allows you to attract to the ad exactly the audience of users who are most interested in the product or service being offered.

If we consider the technical side of banner advertising, then it is nothing more than HTML code. It is built into the structure of the web page and then reproduced in the form of a poster that provides the necessary information.

The launch of advertising on the Internet occurs at the moment when the user opens a particular information site. At the same time, he sees a banner presented in the form of an interesting and profitable commercial offer. Such effective advertising on the Internet allows site visitors to solve their life problems. And do it at a professional, fairly high level.

For those who do not know how to place advertisements on the Internet, intermediary services offer their services. They are special platforms for advertisements. The main point of such banner units is that webmasters go through the registration procedure and then receive a certain list of advertisers for use. From this list, you can select the topic of the resource that interests the customer, and then submit an application to the advertiser to post the necessary information. Anyone who has successfully completed this procedure is given HTML codes, which can be used to place banners on the site.

Such advertising on the Internet brings significant profits to website owners, sometimes reaching up to 80% of the cost of the advertised product or service. However, it is worth noting that the process described above is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. The fact is that you can get a decent income only as a result of intensive work with site traffic, which will increase your reach of the target audience.

It is also worth noting: despite the fact that today banner advertising on the Internet is effective, sometimes it does not produce results as quickly as we would like. Nevertheless, the impact of such information is very effective from a psychological point of view. The fact is that a user can visit this or that network page for a long time, especially without paying attention to the additional information indicated on it. Gradually, the banner begins to be perceived by the person’s subconscious as an integral part of his environment. After this, the user begins to wonder whether the information that is constantly nearby is unknown to him. The interest that arises can play a decisive role in the perception of banner information. The commercial offer indicated in it will most likely seem very attractive to the user, and in the future he will most likely become a regular client of the company.

Banner advertising on the Internet is considered very effective. However, recently it has begun to lose its position somewhat. After all, the rapid development of information technologies and marketing techniques continues, currently offering more advanced teaser and contextual ads. Despite this, many advertisers continue to use banners that provide high and stable income.

Contextual information

Such ads are included in the list of the best advertising on the Internet. This is information that corresponds to the content of the content of the page on which it is displayed. It is a powerful tool that allows you to attract new customers within the shortest possible time.