home Translator How to open a business for the production and sale of animal feed - a step-by-step plan, costs and possible risks. Feed production as a promising and successful business Feed production as business equipment

How to open a business for the production and sale of animal feed - a step-by-step plan, costs and possible risks. Feed production as a promising and successful business Feed production as business equipment

The relevance of this area of production is justified by the intensive development of agriculture and the need for animals, birds and fish to receive a balanced diet. This increases their life expectancy and ensures health. The quality of the resulting product also depends on the correct diet, so buyers of combined feed regularly need inexpensive but complete feed.

Compound feed (combined feed) is a food product for feeding animals and birds, which includes a variety of grain raw materials, grass, fish or chalk, salt and other microadditives that provide complete nutrition, rich in protein, vitamins and microelements.

Product range

Combined feeds are produced according to different recipes for each type of animal and poultry, taking into account their age and purpose ( milk, wool, feathers, meat, fat, leather, eggs, caviar).

Types of feed according to nutritional value:

concentrated feed (high content of protein, microadditives and minerals);
balancing additives (meets the needs of animals and birds for a certain trace element, vitamin, protein, etc.);
complete feed (can be considered as a replacement for natural food).

Types of compound feeds according to the form of products:

loose (fine, medium and coarse grind);
granular (dense lumps of a round, elongated shape);
briquetted (dense rectangular or square tiles).

It is optimal to establish the production of granular products due to the high demand in the consumer market.

Sales market:

The advantage of selling feed is regular wholesale purchases by various public and private companies, as well as retail sales to individuals keeping cattle and poultry.

Organizing a feed production business

Let's consider the organization of this type of activity from the perspective of technology, raw materials and required equipment.

Raw materials

More than one hundred different types of raw materials are used in feed production. This is due to both the quality and nutritional value of the feed mixture and the type of animal, bird or fish. The main raw materials for the preparation of feed are:

hay, straw, cake;
grain raw materials (barley, oats, corn, beans, etc.);
flour (herbal, fish, meat and bone);
starch and syrup raw materials (hydrol, molasses);
mineral raw materials (salt, chalk)
chemical raw materials (microelements, urea, vitamins, antibiotics);

A separate group includes protein and vitamin supplements and premixes, which are used in micro quantities to enrich food products.

Technology

Feed production technology varies depending on the required final product and the composition of raw materials. Thus, for the production of feed mixture for weaned piglets and poultry, a necessary step will be the peeling of barley, while for many other species the use of this grain is not required.

The greatest demand on the market is granulated feed, the main stages of production of which are:

Primary raw materials (hay and straw) undergo a two-stage grinding process into pieces of 30-40 mm and into particles of 5-10 mm (depending on the recipe). Grain components are also crushed in a crusher, weighed on electronic scales and fed into a dispenser. At the dosing stage, additives enter production. Dosing must be accurate, since the quality of the product depends on it. Next, the components enter the mixer. Here they are processed into a homogeneous mass. At this stage, the preparation of bulk feed is completed, so if there are orders for bulk feed, part of the product can be manually removed and sent for packaging.

After the mixing stage, the resulting mass is sent via a screw or belt-scraper conveyor (depending on the composition of the line) to a hopper-agitator, which ensures accumulation and uniform supply of the mass to the press granulator. At the granulation stage, regular lumps of the desired diameter and size are formed. Next, the product is cooled by the counter-wind flow of the cooling column fan and fed to the sieving table, where the final product is separated from the substandard bulk. At the final stage of production, the granules enter the packaging unit via a conveyor. Products are packaged in bags of 10-50 kg.

Necessary equipment

It is optimal to start launching a feed production business by purchasing a small line or mini-plant. Let's consider two options for kits for starting a business.

The optimal solution for small businesses would be the acquisition of LPGK and KR-02.

To start a business, you need to prepare a workshop and warehouse space.

Feasibility study of business

Capital expenditures

Equipment: 1.15 million
Delivery, installation: 0.25 million.
Inventory: 0.5 million
Preparatory work: 0.3 million
Business registration and other expenses: 0.1 million.

Total capital costs for starting a feed production business will be: 2,300,000 rubles.

Calculation of revenue at 50% load

* Profitability of activities was determined based on the expert opinion of the author of the article.

Feed production as a business is attractive for small investments. Demand is stable; consumers buy this product in tens of kilograms at retail price. To start production you will need a minimum set of inexpensive equipment. And over time, you can quickly develop into a full-fledged semi-automated production line.

Compound feed is a consumable product that is needed by meat and dairy farms and households. The business of producing granulated animal feed has high profitability and active capital turnover. To ensure that the product is in demand, we will ensure its quality. This indicator is extremely important in agriculture.

The feed is well digested - the growth rate of livestock increases, the ratio of kilogram of food per kilogram of meat improves. The higher the quality of the combined feed, the higher the efficiency of the farm. But one more problem needs to be solved - to reduce the cost of the product without losing quality. Few people will buy food for farm animals at high prices.

What is included in the feed?

The basis of granulated food for animals is feed grain. It is two times cheaper than class grain. To enrich the food with fiber, add grass meal. And you can mow meadow grass for free.

By reducing the cost of the main components of feed, a businessman can sell it at a wholesale price favorable to the buyer. Farmers usually purchase feed in 30 kg bags or even tons. And free herbal flour allows you to improve the quality of the product.

Percentage of fiber content in different feeds:

30-35% - for rabbits;
20-25% - for cows;
15-20% - for pigs;
10-15% - for chickens.

Almost all mixed feeds include cereals rich in fats, proteins and carbohydrates and meal containing vitamin E. Such nutrition is poor in other useful microelements. By adding herbal or vitamin flour, an entrepreneur solves several problems at once:

the feed contains a lot of fiber, which is important for its normal absorption;
poisoning of the animal’s body occurs, which is necessary for full development;
the food contains vitamins that maintain the health of the animal and ensure the quality of the meat.

Fiber, due to its cellular structure, absorbs liquid and swells. The volume of food entering the animal's body increases. As a result, the main movement of food through the intestines is facilitated. Accordingly, digestibility improves and growth increases.

Regular hay is used to produce grass meal. It is recommended to mow meadow grass, but alfalfa and sainfoin can be used. The cut hay is dried, crushed and fed into the granulator with other components.

Composition of components for animals and birds

The components and their ratio depend on the type of food of the farm animal.

Rabbits

Composition of feed for rabbits at home:

ground barley – 25%;
ground corn – 15%;
wheat bran – 5%;
sunflower meal – 20%;
herbal flour – 35%.

Lack of fiber in the diet of rabbits leads to bloating and mortality. It is important for this farm animal to follow the food pickling system!

35% of vitamin flour satisfies the animal’s daily requirement for fiber. The food prepared in this way gives an increase in meat from 1 kg per month. Rabbit survival rate increases. They still need to be fed grass. But they are too sensitive to fresh grass: they may come across a poisonous plant, dew on the blades of grass.

Pigs

Do-it-yourself compound feed for pigs, recipe:

A pig eats 2.7-3 kg per day. 5.5 kg of such feed gives 1 kg of net meat gain. For comparison: regular feed will need 7 kg.

Chickens

Composition of feed for broilers at home:

You can give less meal, but not more. Otherwise, the fat content of the chicken increases, and laying hens do not lay eggs well.

You should definitely include shell rock in your homemade broiler feed recipe. It is a source of calcium, necessary for strengthening bones and forming the shell. Where to get? A shell building block made from the seabed is suitable.

Cows

Feed recipe for cows:

Compound feed in the diet of cows is not the only type of nutrition. But it plays an important role in animal breeding: the fat content of milk increases and the growth of pure meat improves.

Homemade granulated feed

For example, let’s take a feed production line from barley, corn, meal and grass meal. The line includes only inexpensive equipment for the production of feed at home:

Name of equipment	Specifications	Weight and dimensions	Price
Feed granulator	Engine power – 2.2 kW, 1500 rpm; productivity – 60-130 kg/hour	Weight – 58 kg; dimensions – 75 x 41 x 76 cm	400$
Grain crusher	Engine power – 900 W; 4000 rpm; productivity – 230 kg/hour	280$
Oil press (for meal production)	Power – 2 kW/hour; productivity – 5 l/hour	Weight – 45 kg	400$
Dryer			550$
Hay chopper	Engine power – 4 kW	Weight – 65 kg; dimensions – 53.6 x 65.1 x 141.5 cm	500$
Motokosa	Power – 1.7 kW; 6000 rpm	Weight – 8 kg, tank size – 1.2 l	50$

Thus, at the initial stage, $2,190 will be needed to set up a production line. Plus monthly expenses for renting premises, electricity and raw materials.

The mini feed production plant operates according to the following scheme:

Mowing meadow grass or alfalfa. Drying hay on a dryer, grinding grass meal.
Crushing of grains, corn, barley.
Pressing feed sunflower seeds through an oil press (churn). The output is meal and technical sunflower oil with fuses.
Technical oil settling. Fuz can be poured into a lavsan fabric bag and placed under a press.
Loading ingredients into the granulator - obtaining the finished product.
Dosage of all components according to the composition recipe required for a specific type of farm animal.
Pressing bulk feed with a granulator to form easily digestible granules.

We take proportions depending on the type of food. The size of the granules can be changed using different attachments.

If funds for starting your own business are limited, you can purchase some components at the initial stage. Subsequently, when free funds become available, the full line is completed.

Compound feed is a product in which grain and grass components, vitamin supplements and meat and bone meal are balanced. Provides complete nutrition to farm animals: chickens, rabbits, pigs, cattle. With the rise of agriculture, the business of producing combined feed becomes profitable for entrepreneurs.

To organize feed production and wholesale sales, it is necessary to register an organization, select premises for a workshop, purchase equipment, certify production and establish distribution channels.

Company registration

A manufacturing business can be registered as a limited liability company (LLC). To register, collect documents:

articles of association;
minutes of the meeting of founders or the decision of one founder to create an organization;
establishment agreement;
application in form P11001 for state registration;
a receipt confirming payment of the state duty of 4,000 rubles.

With the completed documents, contact the registration authority - the tax office. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, applications for registration of legal entities are considered within five working days. After registration of the company you will be given a package of documents:

a copy of the LLC charter;
OGRN (main state registration number);
extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (Unified State Register of Legal Entities).

Selecting a room

To install equipment and store finished feed, premises with an area of 70 square meters are required. m. Typical list of departments of a feed mill enterprise:

production premises (includes departments for grain crushing, processing of floury raw materials, heat treatment and extrusion, dosing and mixing, packaging and granulation);
grain cleaning shop;
herbal flour production line;
processing plant for oilseeds;
warehouses for raw materials and finished feed.

The composition and number of production facilities can be changed depending on the annual production program, the number of company employees and the objectives of the enterprise.

Feed production premises must comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements:

ceiling height 4–5 m;
air temperature minimum +5 °C;
sufficient space for equipment placement and product storage;
service workers - 1–2 people.

You can design the location of workshops and units individually. When determining the number and composition of production and storage facilities, take into account the range and volume of production of the finished product, the remoteness of sources of raw materials, as well as sales activity.

Line elements can be purchased separately

Equipment purchase

To get started, set up a workshop. You will need:

The equipment is sold individually or as automatic production lines.

The feed granulator works like a press, turning the steamed mixture into granules

Product certification and sales establishment

After releasing the first batch of feed, certify the product to prevent negative effects on animals and mistrust on the part of buyers. Contact the certification body and order testing of the feed for compliance with GOST and veterinary standards. Select a certification scheme - 3a or 5. The duration of the procedure is 30 days from the date of application.

At the same time, agree on the sale of products. Set up direct deliveries to one or two farms at wholesale prices. Set up sales points in local markets.

Video: business idea for the production of animal feed

Peculiarities of demand in the feed market and types of products

Select the food you plan to sell. To do this, study the types of feed and analyze the state of the industry in the region.

Types of feed

Feed for animals and birds is prepared in accordance with the recipe, taking into account the age of the livestock and the desired result of farming activities: wool, meat, milk, etc.

According to the nutritional value of food there are:

complete meal replacements;
concentrated, with a lot of protein;
supplements containing mineral components and vitamins.

By type of finished product:

loose, similar to fine or medium grind flour;
briquetted, in the form of pressed bars or tiles;
granular, resembling cylinders.

There is a demand for granulated feed on the Russian market - its production is more profitable than others.

Granular feed is the most popular, it is convenient to store and use

Market analysis

The basis for the development of the feed market in Russia is the formation of sustainable demand in the relevant areas of livestock farming. Today, livestock farms consume up to 60% of compound feed, of which:

cattle - 19%;
poultry farms - 56%;
pig breeding complexes - 23%;
other - 2%.

Poultry farming is becoming sustainable thanks to the federal industry development program for 2013–2020. An increase in the number of poultry farms is expected in the Leningrad, Penza, Tomsk, Voronezh, Belgorod and Chelyabinsk regions; their activities will be aimed at export.

Pig farming is developing unstably due to the increased level of competition with import suppliers. Foreign companies ensure the sale of goods at low prices, which Russian farmers cannot afford for many reasons (worn-out material and technical base, lack of breeding work with livestock, insufficient volume of high-quality feed, limited and unstable investments).

The situation with cattle is extremely difficult. During the 1998 crisis, the number of livestock fell by 60%, and the share of beef cattle on the market decreased by 0.37%. By 2020, as targeted programs for the development of the meat and dairy industries are implemented, growth in the industry is expected.

Conclusion: the feed market in Russia is developing due to consumption by poultry complexes.

Poultry farming is an industry where feed is most in demand

Business development costs

Calculate the initial costs of opening a feed mill and monthly investments. Prepare a detailed estimate for potential lenders.

Table: initial investment

An approximate list of costs for opening a feed mill is presented in the table.

Table: monthly expenses

After the successful launch of the enterprise, you will have to pay the following amounts.

Planned income and payback period

The profit of a feed mill business depends on the productivity of the equipment, as well as average market prices for raw materials and the finished product. Until stable sales channels are established, equipment utilization will be incomplete - 50%. For a unit with a capacity of 1 t/h, partial loading reduces the amount of feed produced to 0.5 t/h. The average profitability in the industry is 20%.

Table: calculation of payback period

Which feed is more profitable to produce and why?

To produce feed, the plant owner spends the same resources, regardless of the type of animal for which the feed is intended. For comparison, below are the compositions of feed for poultry and pigs.

Table: composition of feed for poultry and pigs

The profitability of production depends on market demand, price dynamics and the purchasing power of farmers. In the total volume of concentrated feed, the specific gravity of the combi is 31%, of which:

41% for poultry;
35% for pigs;
21% for cattle
3% – other.

Feeds for complete ration poultry are popular on the market (production profitability is 20–30%). The second place is occupied by concentrates, the third - mineral supplements.

With the expansion of pig-breeding activities, the demand for combined complete feeds is increasing. The profitability of production increases (18–20%). Russian consumers use concentrates and supplementary balancing feeds less willingly due to their high cost.

Video: recipe for compound feed for laying hens

Feed production technology

The feed manufacturing process is divided into stages:

Reception of raw materials (grain).
Taking herbal ingredients and supplements.
Taking vegetable oil.
Grain crushing.
Grinding grass.
Mixing ingredients.
Conditioning.
Granulation.

Simplified diagram of feed production technology

The grain enters the line cleaned and goes through the grinding stage in a grain crusher. Herbal ingredients are processed into fine flour and mixed with ground grain. Mineral components (salt, chalk, vitamins) are added to them. The mixture goes through a conditioning stage - moistening the loose feed using hot steam (up to a temperature of 65–75 °C) to form dense granules. Vegetable oil is supplied for finishing spraying on the surface of the granules.

Video: how to make feed at home

Organization of sales channels

Competition in the feed industry is intense. Before you start mass production, agree on the sale of finished feed. Enter into supply agreements with public or private livestock enterprises. Other potential buyers:

breeding nurseries;
zoos;
intermediaries;
private companies.

If your production is located within the city, offer your products to zoos. Find recipes for compound feed for exotic animals and produce a test batch. It is not profitable to work with intermediaries - they purchase goods at reduced prices and resell them with a markup of 150%. Unsold feed directly can be sold on the market.

Compound feed is sold wholesale and retail

Possible problems (table)

When starting feed production, you run the risk of encountering difficulties and making mistakes.

Type of risk	Way to prevent/correct
Delay in equipment delivery	Provide in the contract a delivery date and a penalty for failure to meet the deadline.
Disadvantages of room design	Select qualified designers and require supporting documents. Demand fines and penalties for downtime.
Instability of raw material supplies	Concluding long-term contracts with suppliers.
Low level of product sales
Poor staff work	Development of an employee incentive system, financial incentives, creation of good working conditions.

Prospects for the development of feed milling production

Options for developing a feed production business:

improving product quality;
development of a regional network of feed mills;
formation of a feed export system;
construction of our own livestock complex.

To improve the quality of feed, it is necessary to improve the production quality control system and increase the number of controlled criteria, adapting GOST standards to customer requirements and improving the recipe.

The production of compound feed as a business has many advantages for successful prosperity, provided that the work is organized clearly and the product is of good quality and an affordable price. It is also important to have sales opportunities and beneficial cooperation with wholesale buyers.

Business Features

Compound feed is a complex homogeneous mass with various feed additives, which is used to feed farm birds and animals. High-quality food consists of useful substances, so that animals receive balanced nutrition. There are various recipes for preparing compound feed, but each type contains certain proportions of raw materials with additional mineral supplements.

Many agricultural companies that specialize in raising livestock prefer to purchase imported feed. But due to the high price and not always timely delivery, they are inclined to support domestic manufacturers, and the quality of the products is not inferior to foreign goods.

Pros and cons of this area

Each type of activity has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this area include:

Demand for products. Agricultural enterprises are developing every year and constantly purchasing huge quantities of high-quality feed.
Ease of feed production. Even beginners can master the technological process.
Opening a feed manufacturing company does not require special knowledge.
Minimum amount of investment to make a profit.
Opportunity for company growth.
The ability to use advertising to find your own ways of implementation and create a reliable customer base.

Disadvantages of this area:

High price of raw material processing equipment.
Difficulties with choosing quality raw materials.
Competition.
Possibility of short deliveries of ordered raw materials.

Despite all the pitfalls of the business of producing and selling feed for farm animals, it is promising.

Types of feed and purposes of their use
Compound feeds according to their classification are divided into several types. The main condition for any manufacturing recipe is compliance with the correct proportions. This is explained by the fact that this type of food should become complete nutrition for animals. Feeds vary:

caloric content of the composition;
purpose;
release form.

Certain types of feed differ in their nutritional value:

traditional food feed, which is a substitute for natural food;
concentrated feed, which is used in the diet of animals, but does not completely replace it;
useful biological additives, they are able to provide animals with the vitamins and minerals they need.

The form of product release is classified as follows:

Compound feed in briquettes, it has the shape of a square or rectangular tile. Preparing this type of food requires a lot of time and special equipment.
Granulated feed. It is very popular among farmers due to its compactness, long shelf life and convenient transportation.
Loose feed. Powdered food is well preserved only in dry rooms without excess moisture. Otherwise, the powder collects in lumps, and this factor indicates the impossibility of preparing high-quality animal feed.

Important: Each type of animal requires a specific feed composition. For example, formulas for feeding dogs and horses are very different.

Compound feed is readily purchased by owners of zoos, mini-farms, nurseries and private farmlands. In this case, we are talking about wholesale supplies, which is very beneficial for an entrepreneur specializing in the production of feed mixtures.

Required raw materials

The basis of the combined feed is cereal crops - wheat, oats, barley. Also in the composition of the feed other elements are not excluded:

sunflower seeds, legumes, corn;
herbal and fish meal;
raw materials based on starch and molasses;
mineral complexes and premixes;
microelements.

On livestock farms, compound feed has long been used as a complete nutrition for animals.

When creating any complex or mini-factory, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for technological processes in order to produce high-quality products.

Proper transportation of finished products for further safety is also required. To understand the whole process, let’s take the production of granulated feed as an example. It consists of the following stages:

Crushing and grinding raw materials to the required texture.
Distribution and mixing into a homogeneous mass.
Conversion into granules using a granulator.
Sifting of granules and their subsequent cooling.
Packaging of finished raw materials in intended containers for sale.

Important: The sequence of steps is important to obtain quality products.

Instructions on how to open a business and what you need for this

To have a clear understanding of all processes, you need to draw up a business plan. What aspects need to be included in the plan? The main point is monitoring feed markets in the country or region in which you plan to start your business. When comparing, all risks and benefits, and other nuances of this labor-intensive process must be taken into account. To do this you need to pay attention:

The technical side of the project. This is a chain of all feed production processes, from the purchase of raw materials to checking the quality of products before marketing.
Construction of premises. It is very important to correctly calculate the area of the main workshop, utility rooms, and equipment.
Monitoring the competitors' market.
Finding a profitable franchise for the purchase of raw materials, attractive prices for all types of feed, and attracting regular customers.

The number of required items in a business plan depends on the planned production volume.

Registration and preparation of documents

If an entrepreneur considers his activities as a business selling animal feed, then to conduct it legally, a certain list of documents is required:

application for opening an enterprise;
enterprise agreement;
application for registration (form P11001);
receipt of payment of state duty;
charter of the enterprise.

To submit documents to the tax service you need:

a copy of the registration certificate of an individual entrepreneur or LLC;
application for company registration;
business permit from a veterinarian;
a copy of the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Important: some authorities require permission to operate from the SES.

Search for premises

For the normal functioning of the project, a room area of at least 80 square meters is required. meters. To open a mini-factory, the size of the territory is not important. The main thing is that the production line for the production of mixed feed can be freely located in the workshop, and there should also be utility and storage rooms, a meal room for service personnel and a management office within the access area.

The presence of functional lighting, ventilation system and heating will ensure uninterrupted operation of the entire workshop. The production line must be equipped with electrical cables. In utility rooms and warehouses, a certain humidity and temperature regime should be maintained for storing products.

Purchase and installation of necessary equipment

To operate the line and the entire production, you need certain equipment:

Crusher for crushing and processing grain products.
Mixer for mixing components and components.
Device for rationing products.
Conveyer belt.
Separator.

Recruitment

For a small production, 3 service personnel will be required. This quantity is sufficient for manufacturing, packaging, accounting, loading and unloading of products. For large volumes, staff is selected in double or triple numbers.

Promotion and advertising

The profit of the enterprise will depend on the number of buyers of finished products. Therefore, use all types of advertising, from advertisements in local newspapers to handing out business cards with your company details.

Sales channels

Try to let as many buyers as possible know about your company. Business owners should sell high-quality products, attract customers with promotions and bonuses, and practice stable prices. And then compound feed as a business has every chance of making a profit.

Financial plan

Operational efficiency must be measured by costs and monthly costs. For example, with a flow rate of 100,000 rubles to be expected 800,000 rubles. Subtract 6% for taxes from this amount and calculate your profitability.

Important: Don't forget that the increase in demand depends on the season.

Breeding animals is an important area for every country, so feed production is carried out by companies with a narrow specialization. And if the future entrepreneur has the ability and desire to master such work, then there will be every chance to develop his business in real conditions.