What Yeltsin was like. Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin is a very famous, bright and extraordinary person, whose behavior certainly caused laughter or admiration.

Boris Nikolaevich was the first President of the Russian Federation who carried out tough reforms during the collapse of the USSR.

Many people still hate him for this, considering him responsible for the crisis, the hungry and crazy nineties. The rest give a standing ovation because they understand that it was impossible to do otherwise at that moment. One way or another, there are no and will not be indifferent to this person.

Height, weight, age. Years of life of Boris Yeltsin

The people of the Russian Federation had the right to know what their beloved President’s height, weight, and age were. The years of Boris Yeltsin’s life are also known to every person in the world, since they are included in the course of Russian history.

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was born in 1931, so at the time of his death in 2007, he was seventy-six years old. According to his zodiac sign, he belongs to the fickle, creative, intelligent and creative jokester Aquarius.

According to the Eastern horoscope, Yeltsin received all the character traits inherent in Goats, including complaisance, wisdom, modesty, artistry, and instability.

The nationality of Boris Nikolaevich is in doubt, since his grandfather is considered a Jew. However, when the family moved to the Urals, there were no Jews in the information about the settlers; Boris was written everywhere as Russian.

The height of the famous politician was one meter and eighty-seven centimeters, and his weight reached ninety-six kilograms.

Biography of Boris Yeltsin. First President of Russia

The biography of Boris Yeltsin began from the moment he was born in 1931 in the distant and cold Urals in the small village of Butka.

As a child, Borka received an injury due to which he lost two fingers on his hand. A German grenade exploded in his hands, depriving him of the opportunity to serve in the Soviet army.

The boy was a leader and an activist; he not only studied well, but was also a prefect. The boy was not afraid to defend his point of view and even rebelled against his teacher, who beat schoolchildren and demanded that they work in her garden. Because of this incident, seventh-grader Boris was expelled from school with a wolf ticket, however, he did not give up. The guy went to the city committee of the Komsomol and did everything to be acquitted.

After graduating from high school, Borya went to enter the Ural Polytechnic. He played on the volleyball team of the institute and the Yekaterinburg national team, and even passed the standards for Master of Sports in this sport.

Boris worked at Uraltyazhtrubstroy as an ordinary worker, although he could well have become the head of some enterprise. Yeltsin worked as a mason and concrete worker, carpenter and joiner, plasterer and glazier, crane operator and painter.

Two years later, Boris already became a foreman, and in the sixties he became the head of a house-building plant in the city of Sverdlovsk. He was an active participant in the Communist Party of the city of Sverdlovsk, and in 1975 he became secretary of the regional branch of the CPSU.

He brought ideal order to the region and opened new jobs, so he became the first secretary of the Moscow State Committee of the CPSU. In 1989, the politician became a deputy from the Moscow district, and already in 1991, during a coup d'etat, he became the first President of Russia.

Yeltsin's reign lasted for eight years and six days, and at the end of his term, he handed over the reins to Vladimir Putin at the end of 1999. He clarified that he was not ready to continue governing the state for health reasons, as he had to undergo heart surgery.

It is worth noting that Boris Nikolaevich’s drunkenness was a big problem and attracted the attention of politicians and ordinary people. When Yeltsin became President, he often behaved inappropriately under the influence of alcohol, for example, conducting a military orchestra in 1994, when Russian troops were withdrawing from Germany. Boris Nikolaevich and his relatives claimed that alcohol helps him relieve stress.

The Boris Yeltsin Museum appeared after his death in Yekaterinburg; it contains various exhibitions that related to his life. The President's daughter, son-in-law and wife filled these halls.

Personal life of Boris Yeltsin

Boris Yeltsin's personal life was crystal clear, he married early and lived his entire life with his beloved and only woman. Many people admired the tender and sincere relationship of this beautiful couple.

It is known that Boris Yeltsin’s birthplace is the distant village of Butka, and the guy studied in Sverdlovsk. There he met his first love and his wife, who bore him two daughters.

Recently it turned out that the man is not as simple as he seems. Boris Nikolaevich dated Elena Stepanova for a long time, from whom he allegedly had an illegitimate son, Stepan. Russians learned about this only after the death of the President of Russia; by the way, the boy’s relatives do not recognize him.

Boris and Elena met at his friend’s dacha, where the girl worked as a housewife. Stepan graduated from the firefighting college of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

Boris Yeltsin's family

Boris Yeltsin's family was unusual, since the boy's father was repressed as an enemy of the people and a kulak.

Father: Nikolai Yeltsin- was exiled to Volga-Don, and then returned to his native village. Nicholas returned because he had been amnestied but not rehabilitated. All his life he worked as a builder and even rose to the rank of head of a construction plant.

Mother - Klavdia Vasilievna– raised children and worked as a dressmaker, she also sewed at home illegally.

Brother: Mikhail Yeltsin– born in 1937, he was a builder and worked in an advanced construction team, retiring early. In recent years he was very ill, was married three times, but had no children. Yeltsin's brother died in 2009.

Children of Boris Yeltsin

The children of Boris Yeltsin are already accustomed to living in the shadow of their famous father; they are self-sufficient and settled in life. Boris Nikolaevich has two beautiful daughters, each of whom successfully married and gave their father grandchildren.

Yeltsin was a happy grandfather, as he had seven grandchildren. The youngest daughter gave Yeltsin Boris Jr., Gleb, Maria, and also an adopted granddaughter, Polinka.

The eldest girl made her famous father happy with her granddaughters Ekaterina and Maria and grandson Ivan.

All grandchildren received an excellent education, graduating from prestigious higher educational institutions. Yeltsin has three great-grandsons.

Boris Nikolaevich’s special joy and pain is his grandson Gleb. The boy was born not an ordinary child, but a sunny child in 1995. However, Down syndrome did not prevent the guy from becoming famous and successful. Now Gleb Dyachenko is the European champion in swimming for people with intellectual disabilities, he plays chess well and loves to read.

Daughter of Boris Yeltsin - Elena Yeltsina

Boris Yeltsin’s daughter, Elena Yeltsin, was born in 1956; according to family legend, the father wanted a son and was not at all happy, but cried when his daughter was born. The girl received an excellent education.

Her husband was Valery Okulov, who served as Deputy Minister of Transport. For a long time, Valery worked as director of Aeroflot, and also as general manager. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Civil Aviation, had a great understanding of airplanes and could be a navigator.

In the marriage, the couple had three children who achieved everything on their own. Elena almost never appears at parties of various kinds; her face cannot be found on the Internet. She is far from being involved in politics.

Daughter of Boris Yeltsin - Tatyana Yeltsina

Boris Yeltsin's daughter, Tatyana Yeltsin, was born in 1960, although her father was again expecting a boy. The girl studied well at school and graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics of Moscow State University.

She worked in a design bureau and a branch of the Zarya Ural bank, and for four years she was an Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation, that is, to her father. Tatyana is a member of the Board of Directors of ORT.

In recent years, he has been the head of the Yeltsin Foundation, and also maintains his own blog on LiveJournal.

She was married three times and has four children. She was at the center of major financial scandals several times, but came out unscathed.

Boris Yeltsin's wife - Naina Yeltsina

Boris Yeltsin's wife, Naina Yeltsina, received the name Tatyana at birth. She appeared in the life of Boris Nikolaevich when he was still studying at the Polytechnic Institute. The girl was modest and friendly, so Boris liked her. The guy immediately fell in love with Naina, however, he didn’t show it.

As soon as Yeltsin graduated from the educational institution, the couple entered into a legal marriage. Naina Iosifovna worked at the Vodokanal design bureau, where she was the project manager.

Naina Yeltsina gave birth to two daughters; she is a caring grandmother and great-grandmother.

Funeral and cause of death of Boris Yeltsin

The funeral and cause of death of Boris Yeltsin took place in 2007. The fact was that the politician suffered from diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Boris Nikolayevich’s health was undermined by alcoholism and a viral infection, which he suffered in 2007. Doctors claimed that nothing threatened the politician, however, he died.

On April 23, 2007, Boris Yeltsin’s heart stopped, and the cause of death was stated to be a dysfunction of almost all internal organs.

The funeral took place at the Novodevichy Cemetery and was broadcast live. There is a monument on the grave that looks like a boulder, painted in red, blue and white.

Instagram and Wikipedia Boris Yeltsin

Instagram and Wikipedia of Boris Yeltsin are available, but only half. An official Wikipedia page is dedicated to Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin. It contains all the most reliable facts about the politician’s family and personal life, children and parents. Particular attention is paid to career growth and political life, as well as how he ended up as President of Russia.

Boris Nikolaevich never had an official Instagram page. However, there are pages on the Internet dedicated to his life and political views.

Biography and episodes of life Boris Yeltsin. When born and died Yeltsin, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Politician Quotes, Photo and video.

Years of life of Boris Yeltsin:

born February 1, 1931, died April 25, 2007

Epitaph

You left kindness and love alive,
No matter how many years have passed: we love, remember, mourn...

Biography

He did not serve in the army due to an injury, as a result of which he lost two fingers on his left hand. But this did not prevent him from becoming the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. And yet, the biography of Boris Yeltsin is, first of all, the biography of the first president of Russia. The story is twofold, ambiguous, but one thing cannot be denied - Boris Yeltsin played a big role in the history of democratic Russia.

Boris Yeltsin was born in the village of Butka, in the Sverdlovsk region. At school, he studied averagely, often entered into conflicts, including speaking out against the injustice of teachers towards children. After school, I studied to become a civil engineer and went to work in the construction department. Colleagues noted his responsibility and diligence - if Boris Nikolaevich took on something, he brought it to the end. These qualities of Yeltsin were the reason that Boris Nikolayevich soon began to move up the party ladder - for example, as secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, he carried out many useful events for the region: the massive construction of new houses, the construction of the metro, highways, the abolition of milk coupons, etc. etc. In 1985, significant changes occurred in Yeltsin’s biography - he moved to Moscow, where he headed the construction department, and then became secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Soon he began to often speak out against perestroika policies, which caused him to fall out of favor with his colleagues. It was he who demanded that Gorbachev resign in 1990, and a year later he was elected president of the then RSFSR. However, the RSFSR did not have long to live - two months later, in August 1991, Yeltsin created the State Emergency Committee. Thus the USSR collapsed, the Commonwealth of Independent States appeared, and Yeltsin became the first president of Russia.

Yeltsin lasted only 8 years as president - however, he made the decision to leave on his own. Yeltsin's health deteriorated greatly over the years, leading a young and problematic country was difficult for him, and he, in his own words, decided to give way to younger politicians. In December 1999, Yeltsin resigned, settled with his family in the Moscow region and began to engage in charity work.

Yeltsin had heart problems for a long time. The last few days before Yeltsin's death, the former president was very unwell - he suffered from a virus that affected all his organs, and was hospitalized, almost never getting out of bed. Boris Yeltsin's death occurred on April 23, 2007 - his heart stopped twice and the second time the doctors were unable to “start” it. The next day, a civil farewell ceremony for Yeltsin’s body was held in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior; on April 25, a farewell ceremony for officials took place. Boris Yeltsin's funeral took place on April 25. When Yeltsin died, many presidents and heads of state offered their condolences to his loved ones and Russian citizens, recognizing Yeltsin’s important role in the fate of the Russian Federation. A year after his death, a monument to Yeltsin was erected at Yeltsin’s grave in the form of a wide tombstone in the shape of the Russian tricolor flag.

Boris Yeltsin was one of the first politicians to condemn Gorbachev's leadership line

Life line

February 1, 1931. Date of birth of Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin.
1955 Graduated from the Ural Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering.
1955-1968 Work in the construction department of the Yuzhgorstroy trust, at the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.
1956 Marriage to Naina Yeltsina.
1957 Birth of daughter Elena.
1968 The beginning of Boris Yeltsin's party activities.
1975-1985 Work as secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU.
1978-1989 Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
1984-1988 Member of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces.
1981 Member of the CPSU Central Committee until 1990.
1985 Secretary of the Party Central Committee for Construction Issues.
1985-1987 First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.
1987-1989 First Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Construction Committee - Minister of the USSR.
1989-1990 Chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Construction and Architecture.
May 29, 1990 Election of Yeltsin as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR until June 1991.
June 12, 1991 Election of Boris Yeltsin as President of Russia.
July 3, 1996 Election as President of Russia for a second term.
November 5, 1996 Heart surgery.
May 7, 1992 Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
December 1993 Chairman of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
December 31, 1991 Voluntary termination of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, transfer of powers to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
April 23, 2007 Date of Yeltsin's death.
April 24, 2007 Farewell ceremony.
April 25, 2007 Funeral of Boris Yeltsin.

Memorable places

1. The village of Butka, where Boris Yeltsin was born and where a memorial plaque was installed in memory of the first Russian president.
2. Ural Federal University named after B. N. Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg (formerly the Ural Polytechnic Institute), from which Yeltsin graduated.
3. Moscow Kremlin, the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
4. Monument to Boris Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg on Boris Yeltsin Street.
5. Cathedral of Christ the Savior, where Boris Yeltsin’s funeral service took place.
6. Novodevichy cemetery, where Yeltsin is buried.

Episodes of life

Boris Yeltsin in his autobiographical book described an accident during which he received a hand injury. According to him, he and other guys made weapons, wanting to go to the front. Boris entered the warehouse where the weapons were stored, stole two grenades there, then went deep into the forest and decided to disassemble the grenade without removing the fuse. The result is an explosion and loss of consciousness. When I got to the hospital, gangrene had already set in and my fingers had to be amputated.

In 1989, the foreign media widely discussed the fact of Yeltsin’s behavior during his trip to the United States. Information appeared in Soviet newspapers that Yeltsin spoke while drunk. However, the footage confirming this could just be the result of film editing. Yeltsin himself explained his slightly inappropriate behavior by saying that he had taken sleeping pills the day before, struggling with insomnia and fatigue.

Boris Yeltsin was known for his cheerful character

Testaments

"Take care of Russia!"

“I did the most important thing in my life. Russia will never return to the past. Russia will now always only move forward.”

Documentary film about Boris Yeltsin “Life and Fate”

Condolences

“President Yeltsin was a historical figure who served his country during a time of momentous change. He played a key role during the collapse of the Soviet Union, helped lay the foundations for freedom in Russia, and became the first democratically elected leader in the country's history."
George Bush, former US President

"Boris Yeltsin will be remembered for his significant contributions to ending the Cold War and his efforts to spread political and economic freedom at home and abroad."
Condoleezza Rise, former US Secretary of State

“At this sad moment, Italy feels especially close to Russia, with which it is bound by fraternal solidarity and friendship.”
Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy

“The leader of the nation in the full sense of the word, a true patriot of his country, an outstanding statesman, whose soul was rooting for Russia and its people, has passed away.”
Alexander Lukashenko, President of the Republic of Belarus

Russian politician Boris Yeltsin led the country in difficult times; he had to carry out reforms and make difficult decisions. However, it is impossible to deny its significant role in the formation of a modern country. The first president of Russia lived a difficult life and gave all his health to his Motherland.

How it all began

Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich was born on February 1, 1931 in the small village of Butka, Ural Region. The boy's family went through many difficulties: both of Boris's grandfathers at the beginning of the 20th century were strong peasants from the middle peasants, the Soviet government, according to the laws of that time, confiscated their property. Yeltsin's father Nikolai Ignatievich worked as a builder, but in the early 30s he was repressed due to an anonymous denunciation and sent to build the Volga-Don Canal. After his release, Nikolai moved his family to Bereznyaki, where he worked on the construction of a potash plant. The boy's mother, Klavdia Vasilievna, was a dressmaker. Boris Yeltsin spent his entire childhood in Berezniki; he grew up as an active, cocky and mischievous child. Once, with his comrades, he stole two grenades from a warehouse and, while trying to open one of them, lost two fingers.

Studies

The future first president of Russia studied at a secondary school in Bereznyaki. His grades in all subjects were good, but his discipline suffered greatly. Yeltsin was stubborn and always sought to defend justice. In connection with this, he was even expelled from school in his senior year, as he published a story about a teacher who oppressed the children and forced them to work at home. He was able, by turning to the city party committee for support, to pass all the final exams at another school and receive a good certificate. In his youth, Boris was pugnacious and even took part in “wars” from region to region. In one battle, he suffered a fracture of the bridge of his nose from a blow from a shaft.

After graduating from school, Boris enters a university, continuing his father’s dynasty: he decided to become a builder. In 1950 he entered the specialty “industrial and civil engineering” at the Faculty of Construction of the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after. S. Kirov. During his studies, Yeltsin was seriously involved in volleyball, coached the institute's women's team, he himself played for the national team of the city of Sverdlovsk, and received the title of master of sports.

In 1955, he successfully defended his thesis “Television Tower” and became a civil engineer.

Work by profession

After the placement institute, Boris Yeltsin came to the Sverdlovsk trust "Uraltyazhtrubstroy", where over 8 years he mastered several related professions: bricklayer, concrete worker, carpenter, painter, plasterer, carpenter. He first became a foreman, then a site manager and a trust foreman. In 1963, Boris Nikolaevich took the position of chief engineer of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant, and after 3 years he became its director. Yeltsin showed himself to be an ambitious and purposeful person, and this opened the way for him to a party career.

Party way

Boris Yeltsin joined the CPSU in 1961, as he said, he was motivated by a completely sincere belief in communist ideals and justice. In 1962-65, he actively worked in the party and was a delegate to party conferences at various levels.

In 1968, Boris Nikolaevich became a party functionary and went to work in the Sverdlovsk Regional Party Committee as head of the construction department. In 1975, he was secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional party committee, his area of ​​responsibility was the industrial development of the region. In 1976, he became the first secretary of the regional committee of the Sverdlovsk region. He has held this position for 9 years.

During this time, the region becomes not only developed and strong from an economic point of view, but also a place where new democratic forces are maturing. It is not for nothing that in the late 80s Sverdlovsk turned into the birthplace of a special subculture - rock music.

Yeltsin is building a lot in the region: laying high-quality roads, relocating people from dilapidated housing, creating an effective system for growing agricultural products for residents of the region. He showed himself to be a strong business executive who knows how to listen to the needs of people. Yeltsin actively supported innovative ideas. Projects for the experimental construction of new-type settlements and multi-residential complexes have taken root well in the region.

Since 1978, Yeltsin has been a member of the Supreme Council of the USSR and was a member of the Central Committee.

Years of perestroika

In 1985, after M.S. Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee; big changes awaited Yeltsin. He is transferred to Moscow to the position of head of the department, and then secretary of the Central Committee for construction. At the end of 1985 he worked as first secretary of the Moscow City Committee. Under Yeltsin, a new general development plan is being developed in the capital, social security for the population is being established, and he personally checks the availability of food in stores and the operation of public transport. Yeltsin showed himself to be a leader open to the people, and this ensured him the support of the population.

In the late 80s, Boris Nikolaevich sharply criticized the activities of some party leaders, in particular E. Ligachev, which was negatively assessed by the leadership, and in 1987 he was removed from office. In 1989, he became a deputy, his candidacy was warmly supported by Moscow voters. In 1990, he became Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. In this position, he did a lot to give the RSFSR political weight in the USSR. His work in this position was sharply criticized, although there were supporters of his course.

The future first president of Russia in 1990 takes many steps that will lead to the collapse of the USSR. There is still too much discussion on this issue. In June 1991, elections for the first president of Russia took place. Yeltsin is elected president of the RSFSR. These were democratic elections, and his candidacy won an uncontested majority.

The first decree of the first president of Russia was dedicated to the development of education in the RSFSR. He began to carry out preparatory work to prepare a new union treaty, but history dramatically changes the speed of change.

1991 coup

On August 19, 1991, an attempted coup took place in the country. Yeltsin becomes the head of the force that opposed the State Emergency Committee. The President of the USSR was blocked in Foros. It was Yeltsin's efforts that helped Gorbachev maintain power over the country. However, immediately after overcoming the putsch, he dissolved the Communist Party of the RSFSR and issued a number of decrees that significantly increased the power of the Russian President. Gorbachev is rapidly losing power over the country. The first president of Russia in 1991 took the main step towards the collapse of the USSR.

At the end of the year, behind M. Gorbachev’s back, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, together with L. Kuchma and S. Shushkevich, signed the Belovezhskaya Agreement, which put an end to the history of the USSR and marked the beginning of the Cooperation of Independent States. On December 25, 1991, Yeltsin gained full power over Russia after Gorbachev resigned.

The Belovezhskaya Agreement was difficult to ratify at the Congress of People's Deputies, which led to a conflict between the president and the deputy corps. In a country that was experiencing a difficult economic crisis, a political crisis begins. Yeltsin proposed Yegor Gaidar for the post of Prime Minister, but the deputies did not accept his candidacy. An open confrontation between the Congress of People's Deputies and Yeltsin begins. A referendum is announced, at which the question of trust in him is raised. The first president of Russia received a vote of confidence from the people, although the results were not controversial.

The first president of Russia: democracy won

After the referendum, Boris Nikolaevich intensifies work on a new Constitution that would secure power for him. The political crisis softened, but was not resolved, and the confrontation between the deputies and Yeltsin continued. He removes many former associates from their positions. In the fall of 1993, the congress decided to remove him from office. Actual power passes into the hands of A. Rutsky. An armed conflict begins; tanks fire at the White House in Moscow on Yeltsin’s orders. The confrontation lasted several days, as a result several dozen people died, but Boris Nikolaevich was able to prevail over his rivals.

Yeltsin's new reign began with difficult elections to the State Duma and a referendum on the new Constitution, as a result of which the president received significantly more powers and was able to pursue his policies. He is decisively pursuing constitutional reform that strengthens presidential power in Russia. Historians have ambivalent assessments of this period in the country’s history; many say that freedom of speech was defeated at that time, Yeltsin concentrated power in his hands and pursued policies that were not always correct.

Key milestones of Boris Yeltsin's presidency

Yeltsin's reign was marked by many fateful events for the country. It was during this period that the Chechen conflict intensified, which Boris Nikolayevich decided to suppress by sending in troops. The first president of Russia could not keep the country from the tragedy in Budennovsk and the bloody war, which ended with the Khasavyurt agreement, which was unfavorable for Russia.

In 1996, presidential elections in the Russian Federation took place, in which Yeltsin won only in the second round and not without difficulty. His popularity among the people is rapidly falling, Yeltsin’s policies are becoming less and less effective. In 1998, the country was experiencing a new financial crisis, which further undermined confidence in the president, who publicly stated that there would be no devaluation, which immediately happened.

Retirement and life after it

In May 1999, the Duma tried to put to a vote the question of removing Yeltsin from office. He gets sick a lot, his decisions are not thoughtful and consistent. On the last day of the 20th century, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, the first president of Russia, left the country's main post. He makes a statement on television and introduces his successor, V. Putin.

For the first time after his resignation, Yeltsin still participated in the life of the government, meeting with ministers and Putin. But gradually this activity fades away, and Boris Nikolaevich becomes an honorary pensioner.

Immediately after taking power, Putin issues a decree banning any prosecution of the former president. And all criticism of Yeltsin remains without consequences. After his resignation, the first president of Russia is engaged in charity work and attends various ceremonies, but his health is increasingly worrying him.

Family and private life

Often, for politicians, the family becomes a reliable rear, which is exactly what Boris Yeltsin can boast of. The years spent in the Kremlin had a very bad effect on his health, but his family survived and even united during the difficult years.

Boris Yeltsin married Naina Iosifovna Girina (classmate) back in 1956. She was his support and assistant all his life. The Yeltsins had two daughters: Elena and Tatyana, then six grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Daughter Tatyana helped her father with the election campaign in the 90s. Family has always been a place for Boris Nikolaevich, where he was loved and waited for.

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin (born 1931 - died 2007), first president of the Russian Federation (elected June 12, 1991), re-elected for a second term in June 1996.

Born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka, Talitsky district, Sverdlovsk region, into a peasant family. After graduating from high school, he entered the construction department of the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after. S.M.Kirova (Sverdlovsk, now Yekaterinburg), completed the course in 1955. For almost 13 years he worked in his specialty. He went through all the steps of the service hierarchy in the construction industry: from the foreman of a construction trust to the director of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.

Take as much sovereignty as you can swallow. I don’t want... to be a brake on the development of national self-awareness in each republic.
(at a meeting with the public of Kazan on August 8, 1990)

Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich

In 1961 Yeltsin joined the CPSU. He began his party career in 1968 as head of the construction department of the Sverdlovsk regional party committee. Then he was elected secretary (1975-1976) and first secretary (1976-1985) of the regional committee. For a short time he worked as head of the construction department of the Central Committee, then was elected secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1985). In December 1985, Yeltsin became the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU and a candidate member of the Politburo of the Party Central Committee (1986-1988).

In Moscow, Yeltsin took energetic, but often ostentatious and excessively harsh measures to renew the party committees of the capital's districts. In a short time, on his initiative, almost half of the first secretaries of the district party committees were replaced (there were 32 of them in the city). New and not always prepared people appeared in the apparatus of city and district committees, executive committees of councils of people's deputies. The personnel “purge” did not spare a single city government structure. The first secretary of the city committee fought against privileges, often met with people, visited various groups, and found a common language with any audience.

Practically unable to drive a car, he once drove around Moscow behind the wheel of a Moskvich, and also rode on a tram several times. These advertising pictures were shown on television; they increased his personal rating among voters, but did not have any influence on the fight against privileges.

In 1987, his political fate took a sharp turn. At the October plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, Yeltsin made a speech that fell out of the context of the general conversation about the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution. The speech contained criticism of Politburo member E.K. Ligachev and a demand for more decisive reforms. The plenum condemned this speech as politically erroneous and removed Yeltsin from leadership of the city party committee. The very fact of his performance became widely known. Later, at the 19th party conference, Yeltsin called his speech erroneous and asked the party conference to make a decision on his political rehabilitation.

In 1987-1989, Yeltsin worked as first deputy chairman of the USSR State Committee for Construction with the rank of minister. In the first free elections in March 1989, Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the USSR, and then chairman of the construction committee of the Supreme Council. Along with A.D. Sakharov, G.Kh. Popov and others, he was elected co-chairman of the Interregional Deputy Group (more than 300 people's deputies of the USSR) - the first for many parliamentary opposition.

In 1990, Yeltsin received the mandate of people's deputy of the RSFSR and, despite the resistance of the party apparatus, was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies, on his initiative, adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, which essentially became the first step towards the collapse of the USSR. On March 17, 1991, a referendum was held on the issue of preserving the USSR as a renewed federation of equal and sovereign republics. Russian citizens were also asked a second question: about the establishment of the post of President of Russia. More than 70% of voters voted in favor, and on June 12, 1991, Yeltsin was elected president of the RSFSR.

Boris Yeltsin was the first President of Russia. He was a strong leader, although he made many tactical blunders in his position. For eight years this man led a huge country and tried to lead it out of the crisis.

Job in Moscow

In 1968, Boris Yeltsin began his party career. A graduate of the Ural Polytechnic named after Kirov became the head of the construction department. Success in political service provided him with a quick breakthrough in his career. In 1984, Boris Nikolaevich was already a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. From 1985-1987 served as First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.

In 1987, at the plenum of the Supreme Council, he criticized the activities of the current leader Mikhail Gorbachev. He was demoted to the position of deputy head of Gosstroy. In 1989, Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the USSR Supreme Council.

In 1990, he became Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

1991 presidential election

On March 17, 1991, a referendum was held in the USSR. On the agenda were the issue of introducing the post of president and the item on maintaining the status of the USSR. Purposeful and uncompromising Boris Yeltsin decided to run as a candidate for the presidency. His competitors in this race were pro-government candidate Nikolai Ryzhkov and Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

On June 12, 1991, the first presidential elections were held. B. N. Yeltsin was elected by a majority of votes. The reign of the first leader of Russia was originally supposed to be 5 years. Since the country was in a deep political and economic crisis, no one knew how long in real life the new president would last in office. A. Rutskoy was elected vice-president. He and Yeltsin were supported by the Democratic Russia bloc.

On July 10, 1991, Boris Yeltsin took an oath to serve his people faithfully. Mikhail Gorbachev remained the President of the USSR. Dual power did not suit the ambitious Yeltsin, although many researchers and politicians argue that the final goal of the new Russian leader was the collapse of the Union. Perhaps it was a political order that he carried out brilliantly.

August putsch

The years of Boris Yeltsin's reign were marked by significant unrest at the top of the state. Members of the CPSU did not want a change in leadership and understood that with the arrival of a new leader, the collapse of the USSR and their removal from power was not far off. Yeltsin harshly criticized the nomenklatura circles and repeatedly accused senior leaders of corruption.

Gorbachev and President Yeltsin, whose reign had been unstable, discussed the cornerstones of their cooperation and decided to eliminate the USSR politically. For this purpose, it was decided to create a confederation - the Union of Sovereign Soviet Republics. On August 20, this document was to be signed by the leaders of all union republics.

The State Emergency Committee launched active activities on August 18-21, 1991. During Gorbachev’s stay in Crimea, a temporary state body, the State Emergency Committee, was created, and a state of emergency was introduced in the country. The population was informed about this on the radio. The Democratic forces led by Yeltsin and Rutsky began to resist the old party elite.

The conspirators had some support in the army and the KGB. They pulled up some separate groups of troops to bring them into the capital. Meanwhile, President of the RSFSR Yeltsin was on a business trip. Opponents of the collapse of the Union decided to detain him upon arrival as far as possible from the White House. Other putschists decided to go to Gorbachev, convince him to introduce a state of emergency by his decree and appeal to the people.

On August 19, the media announced the resignation of M. Gorbachev for health reasons, acting. O. Gennady Yanaev was appointed president.

Yeltsin and his supporters were supported by the opposition radio Ekho Moskvy. The Alpha detachment arrived at the president's dacha, but there was no order to block him or take him into custody, so Boris Nikolaevich was able to mobilize all his supporters.

Yeltsin arrives at the White House, and local rallies begin in Moscow. Ordinary democratically minded citizens are trying to resist the State Emergency Committee. The protesters built barricades in the square and dismantled paving stones. Tanks without ammunition and 10 infantry fighting vehicles were driven to the square.

On the 21st, mass clashes began, three citizens died. The conspirators were arrested, and Boris Yeltsin, whose years of rule were tense from the very beginning, dissolved the CPSU and nationalized the party's property. The putschist plan failed.

As a result, in December 1991, secretly from M. Gorbachev, the Bialowieza Agreements were signed, which put an end to the USSR and gave rise to new independent republics.

1993 crisis

In September 1993, former comrades quarreled. B. N. Yeltsin, whose years of rule were very difficult in the initial period, understood that the opposition in the person of Vice-President A. Rutsky and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR was doing its best to slow down new economic reforms. In this regard, B. Yeltsin issued decree 1400 - on the dissolution of the Armed Forces. A decision was made to hold new elections to the Federal Assembly.

Naturally, such a monopolization of power caused protest among members of the Supreme Council. As usual, equipment was brought to the capital and people were brought out into the streets. Several attempts were made to impeach the president, but Yeltsin ignored the legislation. Supporters of the Armed Forces were dispersed, opposition leaders were arrested. As a result of the clashes, according to various sources, about 200 people were killed and more than a thousand were injured.

After the victory of Boris Yeltsin and his supporters in Russia there was a transitional period of presidential dictatorship. All government bodies connecting Russia with the USSR were liquidated.

Socio-economic reforms of B. Yeltsin

Many economists and politicians, looking back at the years of Yeltsin's rule in Russia, call his policies chaotic and stupid. There was no single clear plan. For the first few years, the state was generally in a political crisis, which eventually resulted in the 1993 coup.

Many of the ideas of the president and his supporters were promising, but in implementing them according to the old monopolized system, Yeltsin ran into many pitfalls. As a result, the reform of the state led to a protracted crisis in the economic sphere, loss of deposits from the population and complete distrust of the authorities.

The main reforms of President Yeltsin:

• price liberalization, free market;
• land reform - transfer of land into private hands;
• privatization;
• reforming political power.

First Chechen War

In 1991, the independent Republic of Ichkeria was formed on the territory of Chechnya. This state of affairs did not suit Russia. Dzhokhar Dudayev became the president of the new independent republic. The Russian Supreme Court declared the elections invalid. The victory of the separatist forces led to the collapse of the Chechen-Ingush Republic. Ingushetia decided to remain autonomous within Russia. Based on this desire, Boris Yeltsin, whose years of rule had already been washed by rivers of blood, decided to send troops during the Ossetian-Ingush conflict of 1992. Chechnya was actually an independent state, not recognized by anyone. There was actually a civil war going on in the country. In 1994, Yeltsin decided to send troops to restore order in the Chechen People's Republic. As a result, the armed conflict with the use of Russian troops lasted two years.

Second presidential term

The second presidential term was extremely difficult for Boris Yeltsin. Firstly, constant heart problems were taking their toll, and secondly, the country was on the verge of a crisis, which the “sick” president did not have the strength to cope with. The newly elected president placed his bet on “political youth” in the person of Chubais and Nemtsov. Their active implementation of the reform course did not lead to the expected increase in GDP; the country lived off multi-billion dollar loans. In 1998, Yeltsin, whose years of rule were not successful for the state, began to look for a successor. This was the unknown head of the FSB, V. Putin.

Resignation

In 1998, B. Yeltsin’s “sand” economy collapsed. Default, price increases, job cuts, total instability, shutdown of large enterprises. The virtual market economy could not withstand the harsh realities. Having chosen a worthy candidate for his post and having secured V. Putin’s commitment to a comfortable old age, the first President of Russia, speaking in front of television viewers, resigned.