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Presentation on geography 11th grade Latin America. Brazil and Latin America

Class: 11

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Educational tasks:

– To form a concept and idea of Latin America as a historical, cultural and historical and geographical region.
– To form in students an idea of the countries of Latin America, their peculiarities of economic and geographical position.

Educational:

– Develop the ability to formulate an answer in the form of a diagram.
– Continue to develop geographical skills: analyze cartographic and statistical materials, give a brief description of countries.
– Work on general educational skills: compare and generalize, listen.

Equipment:

Wall-mounted political map of the world, atlas, multimedia projector.
Handouts for students: TVET (note. Materials of the Festival 2009-2010) technological map, test.
Methods of forming educational activities: partial-search, heuristic conversation.

Presentation “Features of Latin American countries.”
Plan for studying the territory.
Myself. work with TPO (notebook with printed base).
Student of new material Composition of the region.
Work on the map at the board “Features of the geographical location of the continent of South America.”
History of the discovery of the region. Formation of a political map.
Diversity of Latin American countries (s.r., diagram).
Riddle tasks.
Test.

During the classes

1. Teacher's opening speech:

– Today, we will start our lesson in an unusual way; first we will take a virtual trip to some countries. Your task is: after watching the presentation, answer the question: Which region will we study today?

2. Show Presentations.(1-14 slide)

After watching, the children are asked a question.

– Guys, have you decided which region we will get acquainted with today? (Latin America)-( slide 15).

– Show it on the map. ( slide 16)

– Let’s remember the plan according to which we characterize the region.

textbook p.330: territory, borders, position; natural conditions and resources; population; economy, territorial structure; characteristics of the largest countries (Brazil); environmental protection and environmental problems.

- So, name the topic of our lesson. “Territory, borders, position of the region on the political map” - write it down in your notebook .(slide 17)

– The purpose of our lesson: To study the composition of the region, to consolidate the ability to determine the geographical location of countries and their characteristics.

To move on to studying new material, let's remember what we already know about the countries of this region.

To do this, open TVET (Topic 5, block 1, work on options).

4.
Independent work of students with TVET (10 min.). Annex 1

5. Studying new material.

Teacher's opening speech.

– What is included in Latin America?

Latin America is the region of the Western Hemisphere between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Moreover, Mexico, the West Indies and Central America are often combined into the Caribbean subregion. In total, the region includes 33 sovereign states, as well as 14 countries that are possessions of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and the United States. (These are small islands in the Caribbean).

The territory of Latin America stretches from north to south for 13 thousand km, and from west to east up to 5 thousand km.

In what part of the world is the region located? (America), what does it include? (two continents).

– Which traveler is America named after? (Amerigo Vespucci).

- Guys, who discovered the continent of South America? (Christopher Columbus). H. Columbus lived in Portugal. He decided to open the route to India via the western route. He first discovered the Bahamas, one of which he named San Salvador. Since he was looking for a way to India, the natives began to be called Indians. The tobacco and potatoes he discovered on the island of Cuba later conquered the whole world. With the discovery of new lands (15-17th centuries), the era of their colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese began.

– How do you understand the word colonization? (capture, development of new lands).

6. History of settlement, development of the region. Formation of a political map : The name “Latin America” comes from the historically prevailing influence in this part of the world of the language, culture and customs of the Roman (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula - the Spaniards and the Portuguese. Who in the 15-18 centuries conquered this part of America and colonized it.

Before Europeans came here, there were developed states on the mainland: the Aztecs ( slide 18)with its capital Tenochtitlan, the territory of modern Mexico and the Maya ( slides 19,20) on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), as well as the Inca Empire ( slides 21,22) on the west coast of South America (Peru, Ecuador) with its capital in Cusco.

All these civilizations were destroyed with the arrival of European colonialists.

Most of the modern states of Latin America are former colonies of Spain, and Brazil is a former Portuguese colony.

Find confirmation of this in the atlas with... (that's right, only in Brazil - the population speaks Portuguese, in the rest of the territory Spanish dominates).

Are there any developed countries in this region? (No).

All 33 sovereign states are developing.

Pay attention to the diagram that needs to be briefly filled out using symbols. As you fill out the diagram in your notebook, fill in the diagram on the board.

– What was the basis for identifying the Latin America region? (p. 331 teaching)

– Peculiarities of drawing borders between countries.

– Draw up a diagram “Diversity of Latin American countries.”

(Slide 23)

7
. Working on the map: Riddle tasks.

A) The state is washed by two oceans, forming two bays in the territory. WITH

to the north it borders on one more economically developed country.

Name the country, bays, border state. (Mexico slides 24-27).

B) The driest desert in the world, the Atacama, is located on the territory of this country. She owns an island in the Pacific Ocean - Easter Island ( slides 28-32).

C) Part of the country has a harsh climate. The territory is called Patagonia. (Argenina slide 33).

D) On the territory of this country there is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel.

(Venezuela slide 34).

E) A country where cane, cocoa beans and raw materials for the chemical industry are grown. (Brazil slide 35-36).

E) Guess the picture. (Cuba slide 37-40).

8.
Fixing material: TEST. Appendix 3
9.
Summing up the lesson.

Guys, today we studied the peculiarities of the geographical location of Latin American countries. Tell me, what are the influences of the characteristics of the territory? (On the diversity of natural conditions and the availability of natural resources, which determine the specialization of the economy). This means the topic of our next lesson: “Natural Resources”.

D/Z
.

– Review the types of natural resources, do practical work on the book “Characteristics of countries”. Find “geographical names” on the map, write them down and put them on the map.

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Slide 2

LESSON PLAN: 1. Territory, composition and political map of Latin America. 2. Population of Latin America: dynamics of population growth; reproduction; ethnic composition; linguistic composition; placement of the population. 3. Housekeeping.

Slide 3

Latin America area. Compound. Political map of the region. S = 21 million km2 Latin America is divided into several subregions: 1 – Mexico; 2 – Central American countries; 3 – Countries of the West Indies; 4 – Andean countries; 5 – Countries of the La Plata basin; 6 – Brazil. Composition of subregions of Latin America. Mexico Central America West Indies Andean countries Countries of the La Plata basin Brazil Mexico Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Belize Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Jamaica, Barbados, Suriname, etc. Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Bolivia Chile Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Brazil

Slide 4

46 states 33 sovereign states Currently, there are 46 states and possessions of some countries in Europe and the USA within the region. There are 33 independent states in the region. In terms of form of government, the countries of Latin America are very homogeneous. All of them are republics. Cuba occupies a special place - the only country in the region that belongs to the socialist states. In terms of the form of administrative-territorial structure in Latin America, unitary states predominate. Its four largest countries and one state of the West Indies have a federal structure. Republics UNITARY FEDERATIVE Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Slide 5

Latin America is part of planet Earth, part of the planet of people. Schedule. Dynamics of population growth in Latin America. EXERCISE. Analyze the population growth chart for Latin America and answer the following questions: 1. What is the population of Latin America? 2. How many times has the population of the region increased since the beginning of the twentieth century? 3. Compare the population growth dynamics of Latin America with other regions.

Slide 6

Natural population growth in Latin America. Population reproduction and natural increase. Atlas maps pp. 10-11. After analyzing the maps and diagram, we can conclude that for Lat. America is characterized by type II reproduction. This affects the size and age structure of the region's population. 1. Consider the thematic map “Fertility”. As you can see, the predominant color on the map is yellow, therefore, the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America averages 25 people. (After looking at the map, click the mouse 2 times). 2. Consider the thematic map “Mortality”. As you can see, the map is dominated by a light green color, therefore, the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America averages 7 people. “Fertility” “Mortality” Now let’s analyze the information obtained from the maps and consider the “Natural increase” diagram. The green bar shows the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants (25), the blue bar shows the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants (7). And the lilac column shows the difference between the number of births and deaths (25 – 7 = 18). This means the population of Lat. America is growing at a rate of 18 people. per 1000 inhabitants per year. (“If you’re not too lazy?” Calculate, knowing the population of Latin America in 2000, how many inhabitants there were in this region in 2001, etc.). Click the mouse 2 times.

Slide 7

The ethnic and racial composition of the population of Latin America is characterized by great complexity, which is associated with the peculiarities of its historical development. Many representatives of large ethnic groups formed in this region in modern times. Three main elements participated in their formation: the indigenous Indian population, emigrants from European countries and slaves exported from Africa. Machu Picchu is the ancient city of the Incas. Ancient Aztec temple. The surviving monuments of the pre-Columbian period indicate a high level of development of the culture of the Aztecs, Mayans and Incas. This culture was completely destroyed by the Spanish-Portuguese conquerors. Hernandez Cortez in 1521 destroyed the Aztec state with incredible cruelty. Francisco Pissaro destroyed the Inca state with the same cruelty. In 1532, he fraudulently captured the Supreme Inca Atahulpa, who, in exchange for his freedom, offered an unheard-of ransom: to fill the room in which he was imprisoned with gold. The Supreme Inca kept his word, but the Spaniards, having received the gold, executed him. Before the arrival of Columbus, the indigenous population was 20 million people, and in 1521 - 7.3 million people.

Slide 8

The almost complete extermination of the Indians raised the issue of labor for the colonialists, which was resolved by importing black slaves from Africa. The total number of blacks brought to America was 10 million people. This is how three main racial-ethnic elements emerged. INDIGENOUS POPULATION EUROPEAN MIGLORS AFRICANS ITZTECS MAYANS SPANISHES, PORTUGUESE (CREOLES) MESTISO MULATTO SAMBO

Slide 9

More uniform. The predominant languages are Spanish and Portuguese. Spanish is the official language in 18 countries (250 million people). The Portuguese language in one country, Brazil, is 170 million people. In Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, along with Spanish, Aztec and Quechua are considered official languages.

Slide 10

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ACCOMMODATION: - the least populated region of the world with an average density of 25 people. per km. sq.; the unevenness of placement is strongly expressed; there is a high proportion of high mountain population.

Slide 11

URBANIZATION False urbanization is characteristic. The formation of slum areas, “poverty zones”, in which up to 50% of the population of many cities live. The largest cities with a population of more than 10 million people.

Slide 12

Latin America can be classified as an industrialized region, although all its countries are usually classified as developing. The region's share in global gross product is 8.5%. 4/5 of all industrial production comes from the three economic leaders - Brazil, Mexico, Argentina. The region plays a prominent role in global agricultural production.

Slide 13

Slide 14

INDUSTRY. For a long time, the industry of the region was characterized primarily by the development of mining industries. However, recently the leading role has begun to shift to the manufacturing industry (especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining, as well as electronics and mechanical engineering). In Brazil, electronics, automobile, ship, and aircraft construction have developed; in Mexico and Argentina - production of cars and machine tools. AGRICULTURE. Represented by two completely different sectors. The first sector is a high-commodity plantation economy. The world's largest banana producers are Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, and Panama. On refrigerated ships, the entire banana harvest is exported to Europe and the USA, and they ripen along the way. In Cuba, 1/2 of all cultivated land is occupied by sugar cane plantations. Sugar factories produce more than 5 million tons of sugar per year. The sugar industry is Cuba's specialty. The second sector is the consumer small-scale economy, not affected by the “green revolution”. The peasants employed there grow corn, cassava, beans, vegetables, and potatoes.

Slide 15

Transport facilities in Latin America are poor. Inland water and pipeline transport are underdeveloped; despite the large length of railways, their throughput capacity is very low; air and road transport are better developed. Maritime transport and seaports play a huge role; all roads in the region lead to the seaport. Freight train. Brazil. Road in the Andes. Panama Canal. Horse-drawn transport. River trams.

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Latin America is a region located between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico countries of Central America West Indies South America Area – 21 million sq. km Population – 520 million people

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South American countries Argentina Brazil Bolivia Venezuela Guyana French Guiana Colombia Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Chile Ecuador

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Mexico and Central America Mexico Belize Guatemala Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua Panama El Salvador

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West Indies (Caribbean countries) 1) Bahamas 2) Haiti 3) Dominican Republic 4) Cuba 5) Jamaica

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In Latin America, unitary states predominate, but the largest countries are federations Argentina Mexico Venezuela Brazil Saint Kitts and Nevis

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General characteristics of Latin American countries Latin American countries are former colonies of Portugal and Spain. Latin American countries became independent at the beginning of the 19th century. Ethnic composition: Indians, European settlers (Creoles), Africans High population growth rates, large proportion of young people Economic dependence on the USA Religious composition - mostly Catholics

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Natural resources of Latin America Rich natural resources Oil Venezuela, Mexico, Ecuador Iron ore Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Mexico Copper ore Chile, Peru, Mexico Bauxite Jamaica, Suriname, Brazil Drag. metals Colombia, Brazil, Peru Significant water resources Tropical forests Recreational resources

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46 states 33 sovereign states Currently, within the region there are 46 states and possessions of some countries in Europe and the USA. There are 33 independent states in the region. In terms of form of government, the countries of Latin America are highly homogeneous. All of them are republics. Cuba occupies a special place - the only country in the region that belongs to the socialist states. In terms of the form of administrative-territorial structure in Latin America, unitary states predominate. Its four largest countries and one state of the West Indies have a federal structure. Republics UNITARY FEDERATIVE Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

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Schedule. Dynamics of population growth in Latin America. EXERCISE. Analyze the population growth chart for Latin America and answer the following questions: 1. What is the population of Latin America? 2. How many times has the population of the region increased since the beginning of the twentieth century? 3. Compare the population growth dynamics of Latin America with other regions.

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Features of the economy of Latin American countries The level of development is ahead of the developing countries of Asia and Africa The share of agriculture is decreasing, the share of manufacturing is growing In the mining industry 80% is fuel extraction, 20% is ore raw materials Brazil, Mexico, Argentina account for 2/3 of industrial production In agriculture, high-value farms are combined with small-scale production The leading agricultural sector is crop production, monoculture Agricultural occupies a relatively high share of GDP, especially in Central America Specialization in agriculture: Coffee - Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala Sugar - Guyana, Cuba , Belize Bananas – Ecuador, Honduras, Panama Wheat – Argentina

Composition of subregions of Latin America. Mexico Central America West Indies Andean countries Countries of the La Plata basin Brazil Mexico Guatemala Salvador Honduras Belize Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Jamaica, Barbados, Suriname, etc. Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Bolivia Chile Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Brazil I

States in the region 33 Currently, there are 46 states and possessions of some countries in Europe and the USA within the region. Independent states in the region 33. Cuba's form of government In terms of the form of government, the countries of Latin America are distinguished by great homogeneity. All of them are republics. Cuba occupies a special place - the only country in the region that belongs to the socialist states. administrative-territorial structure In terms of the form of administrative-territorial structure in Latin America, unitary states predominate. Its four largest countries and one state of the West Indies have a federal structure.

More uniform. The predominant languages are Spanish and Portuguese. Spanish is the official language in 18 countries (250 million people). Portuguese language in one country, Brazil, million people. In Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, along with Spanish, Aztec and Quechua are considered official languages.

Latin America can be classified as an industrialized region, although all its countries are usually classified as developing. 8.5%. The region's share in global gross product is 8.5%. 4 / 5 4 / 5 of all industrial production comes from the three economic leaders - Brazil, Mexico, Argentina. The region plays a prominent role in global agricultural production.

For a long time, the region's industry was characterized primarily by the development of mining industries. However, recently the leading role has begun to shift to the manufacturing industry (especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining, as well as electronics and mechanical engineering). In Brazil, electronics, automobile, ship, and aircraft construction have developed; in Mexico and Argentina - production of cars and machine tools.

Represented by two completely different sectors. The first sector is a high-commodity plantation economy. The world's largest banana producers are Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, and Panama. On refrigerated ships, the entire banana harvest is exported to Europe and the USA, and they ripen along the way. In Cuba, 1/2 of all cultivated land is occupied by sugar cane plantations. Sugar factories produce more than 5 million tons of sugar per year. The sugar industry is Cuba's specialty. The second sector is the consumer small-scale economy, not affected by the “green revolution”. The peasants employed there grow corn, cassava, beans, vegetables, and potatoes.

Latin American music, whose role in the everyday life of Latin America is very high, is a fusion of many musical cultures, but it is based on three components: Spanish (or Portuguese), African and Indian musical cultures. As a rule, Latin American songs are performed in Spanish or Portuguese, less often in French. Latin American artists living in the United States are usually bilingual and often use English lyrics.

Rio de Janeiro is an amazing city. Founded in 1502 by the Portuguese, Rio de Janeiro has been the beauty and tourism capital of South America for 4 centuries. Rio is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The combination of southern flowers, green mountains, blue sea and sky, plenty of sun all year round, extraordinary islands and beaches - all this is Rio de Janeiro. The city never sleeps. There are nightclubs and bars, numerous shows, discos and restaurants. After sunset, samba rhythms are heard everywhere. The Brazilian Carnival is another miracle of Brazil. At night you can also see Jesus Christ on Mount Corcovado, soaring above the city with outstretched wings.

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) lies in the Pacific Ocean almost 3800 km away. west of the Chilean coast. Island with an area of 171 sq. km. discovered by the Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen on Easter Day 1722, hence its modern name. The island is the peak of a colossal underwater mountain rising above the surface of the ocean with three volcanic craters. There are no rivers or lakes on the island. One of the most secluded and mysterious islands on the planet.

Mayan pyramids are ancient pyramids created by the civilization of the ancient Mayan Indians. They are located primarily in Mexico on the Yucatan Peninsula. There are quite a lot of pyramids in Mexico. Many of them are buried under a layer of earth, covered with dense tropical vegetation and are simply green hills. Most pyramids are multilayer structures. The oldest pyramid is located inside, and above it there are several later superstructures and facings.

The New Year turns into a bright and unusual carnival. On December 31st, in the oldest district of the capital of Colombia, Bogota, a festive parade is held, in which actors and dolls attached to cars participate. Residents of Colombia at this time throw gifts to the dolls and thank them for all the good events that happened to them in the old year. The passing year is represented by a man on stilts. He walks around the crowd and tells the kids stories of the past year. Santa Claus in Colombia, as well as in many other Latin American countries, is called Papa Pasquale. He, like his brothers Santa Claus and Father Frost, is also dressed in a red and white suit. The celebration ends with the dolls being thrown away from the crowd and at the appointed time the sky is illuminated with a hundred colorful lights. It turns out that gunpowder charges, firecrackers and volleys of fireworks are pre-sewn into the dolls.