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Production line for animal feed. Feed mill as a business: equipment and technologies

Mixtures that are commonly fed to livestock and poultry are called compound feeds. They are called that because they contain all the necessary nutrients and vitamins necessary for the growth of animals. This is a balanced complex that is complete nutrition. Equipment for the production of animal feed is relatively inexpensive. The simplest complex can be bought for 150 thousand rubles.

Animal feed production technologies
How much money is needed to open a feed mill?
How much money do you need to open a feed production enterprise?
Feed production technology

The lion's share of capital investments will need to be spent on the purchase of raw materials for animal feed. It can be very different. The food recipe depends on the type of animal or bird, its age and purpose. Quality and energy value depend on the correct balanced ratio and correctly selected raw materials.

Often farmers open workshops for the production of compound feed for their needs. If there is a surplus, it can be sold to other farms or the population. You can purposefully open this business, especially since everything related to agriculture in our country is a promising business. Before describing the technology for producing mixed feed, you need to understand what types exist.

Animal feed production technologies

There are the following types of feed:

There are also protein, vitamin and mineral supplements. They are used as an addition to the main feed when necessary.

The technology consists of several stages:

All ingredients are crushed to the same size. The grain must be cleaned and also crushed. This stage is always present when feed is prepared for poultry or weaned piglets. Electronic scales are used to weigh components. You need to know exactly how much to add a particular component to the mixture. Accuracy is the key to obtaining a quality product. After mixing, the process is usually completed. This loose product is suitable as feed for carp and poultry. Sometimes feed is pressed on a granulator press. There the mixture takes on a uniform size and shape. Using a jet of air, the lumps are dried and then sent for packaging.

A more modern technology that is being successfully mastered in modern enterprises is extrusion. Compound feed produced in this way has the best taste. Due to the thermal effect, aromatic substances are released from the raw material. They are able to activate the secretion of enzymes in animals. After passing through all stages of processing, the level of toxins is significantly reduced. In the extruder, the raw materials are processed at high temperature (200 C). In addition, it is subjected to a pressure of 40 atmospheres. A swollen, porous material comes out of the apparatus. Changes in raw materials result in the final product having a pleasant bready aroma.

Extruder for mixed feed.

Production lines for the production of compound feed using this method are expensive, so in our country a method that allows the production of granular or loose product is more often used. The choice of technology and equipment is a very important part in production planning. This determines how much compound feed usually costs, its quality and the segment of future buyers.

How much money is needed to open a feed mill?

On the domestic market, the choice of equipment for the production of combined feed is quite large. Its price directly depends on performance. A line on which it is possible to produce food in granules up to 10 mm will cost 1.5 million rubles. At the same time, its productivity will be 1000 kg of finished product in one hour. There is equipment that can produce 3 thousand kg of feed in the same time. Its price reaches 3 million rubles. The lines usually do not include a shredder. A model that can crush straw and hay loaded in bulk will cost 20 thousand rubles. If the raw material is formed in the form of rolls and will be supplied for processing in this form, then a more powerful grinder will be needed. It costs about 350 thousand rubles.

There are some requirements for the room in which the equipment will be located. The main ones:

ceiling height not lower than 4.5 m;
heating must be supplied. In winter, the temperature in the workshop should not be less than 5 degrees.

Depending on the power of the equipment, 2-4 people can operate it. Usually, suppliers provide a complete description of the technological process along with the line. Thanks to this, you can plan future costs. The main thing is to choose the right equipment.

Taking into account the rental of premises for production and storage, the initial purchase of raw materials, the initial investment will amount to 2.5 million rubles. Business profitability is 17%. Investments pay off within 1.5-2 years.

How much money do you need to open a feed production enterprise?

The required amount of initial investment depends on many factors and is selected individually. Depending on the region and scale of the enterprise, the average amount of financial investments can be calculated.
List of costs for opening a feed mill:
- business registration 10 – 15 thousand rubles;
- purchase of premises from 500 thousand rubles;
- purchase of equipment 1–1.5 million rubles;
- purchase of the first batch of raw materials 500 – 600 thousand rubles;
- wages to employees – up to 100 thousand rubles;
- utilities – from 20 thousand rubles;
- taxes 50,000 rubles.
Conclusion: To open this type of production you need to invest from 2.5 to 3 million rubles.

Feed production technology

The production of different types of feed consists of several stages. The crushing of raw materials is carried out on single-rotor hammer crushers and is carefully controlled. The fineness of grain grinding is determined by the age and type of birds that produce the final product.
There are two ways to hull oats and barley to separate their shells from the kernels. This compound feed is intended for animals whose organs cannot digest roughage, which has a high fiber content. The first method is on beakers with abrasive cylinders or centrifugal peelers. According to the second method, grain crops are first crushed on crushers or roller machines, after which they are sorted depending on the level of grinding.
To improve the quality of production and the usefulness of grain raw materials, mandatory methods of preparing grain crops are used. Flattening is a grain preparation process that is based on hydrothermal preparation followed by flattening. This method improves the nutritional qualities of protein and carbohydrate complexes. Micronization of grain is also used, when the raw material can be treated with infrared rays, which enter the crop and provoke its swelling and cracking.
Extrusion occurs in an extruder press, in which, under high pressure, the crushed grain is rubbed and heated to 130 -150 ° C. At the outlet, due to the large pressure difference, the finished mass swells. All options for preparing grain crops before production help to destroy all fungi and bacteria, and also improve the absorption of the finished product by the animal’s body.

Today, individual entrepreneurship in the village is an important part of the development of the agricultural industry as a whole. More and more people are starting to raise cows, pigs, rabbits and poultry, which, in turn, requires compliance with certain technologies. If we talk about feeding, then meat growth is ensured through the use of compound feed - a mixture of various grains and other ingredients, which, due to its structure and composition, ensures good digestibility and is more nutritious than conventional feed. The demand for such products is consistently high. However, many rural entrepreneurs note that the quality of factory-made feed is more a matter of luck than a 100% guarantee. Many of them would prefer to buy such products from trusted people who produce food at home. Investments in such home production are relatively low, but the prospects for development are enormous. Perhaps, over time, you will be able to develop your small enterprise into a full-fledged production line.

Required Ingredients

The first thing an entrepreneur should remember is the feed recipe. She is of utmost importance in this business. There are more than a hundred types of different raw materials that can be used to produce feed for animals and poultry. The basis of such feeds is fiber (due to its unique structure, it easily swells and absorbs liquids, increasing in volume in the body and improving digestibility), i.e. cereals. The percentage of its content will be as follows: 30-35% for rabbits, 15-20% for pigs, 20-25% for cows, 10-15% for chickens. However, all proportions, list and quantities of ingredients will depend on the specific recipe.

Most often used for the production of animal feed:

Cereals: barley, corn, wheat, oats, beans;
Hay, straw and cake;
Fish, herbal, meat and bone meal;
Molasses, hydrol;
Chemical additives: various vitamins, antibiotics, microelements;
Salt, honey, water, sunflower oil.

Below you can also see the lists of the main ingredients of feed for rabbits, pigs, chickens, and cows.

Barley - 25%;
Wheat bran - 5%;
Corn - 15%;
Herbal flour - 35%;
Sunflower meal - 20%.

Corn - 20%;
Wheat - 10%;
Salt - 0.2%;
Barley - 20%;
Sunflower meal - 30%.

5.5 kilograms of this feed yield 1 kilogram of meat (if we are talking about regular feed, you will need 7 kilograms).

These recipes are not universal, but they provide an understanding of the composition and proportions of various ingredients in the feed.

Necessary equipment

To produce feed at home you will need the following equipment:

*There are quite a few videos and even drawings of homemade granulators and mixers on the Internet. If you know you can handle this kind of work, you can significantly reduce your startup investment and make the equipment yourself.

Step-by-step feed production technology

The feed manufacturing technology will depend on the chosen molding method, the presence or absence of certain equipment, and the selected recipe. All the basic steps using various instruments are described below. This should help you understand the sequence and specifics of the process of making compound feed at home.

Measure out all the ingredients for the selected feed recipe using a scale.

Pass them through a grain crusher. Some entrepreneurs do this in advance, grinding wheat, oats, peas, corn, etc. and storing them in separate barrels. This saves time and reduces the number of tasks during the production of the finished mixture. So instead of taking the first two steps, they take one by simply measuring out the ingredients.

Pour ingredients into mixer. This should be done one at a time. If the feed contains liquids, for example, sunflower oil, they should be poured into the machine last. If you produce loose non-extruded feed, this is where its preparation ends. The mixture is weighed and packaged. As mentioned earlier, some people who make their own feed mix the mixture by hand, without using a mixer.

If you have an extruder, you should use it immediately after mixing the ingredients. There the mixture is subjected to heat treatment. At the exit, it becomes like “sausages”, which can be easily returned to a crumbly state by simply kneading them with your hands or any suitable object in a deep container.

The feed is cooled and packed into bags.

Sales areas

Of course, such a business is difficult to imagine in an urban format. An entrepreneur can purchase equipment, place it, for example, in a garage, and begin production. However, the goods need to be sold in the village and, most likely, at retail, since such a scale of activity simply will not allow the production of goods in batches that can be sold to farms.

If an entrepreneur lives and works in a village, he can sell feed to his fellow villagers. If your friends buy a bag of mixture and notice a significant weight gain in livestock and poultry, word of mouth will work instantly, providing you with a large number of customers. Hypothetically, the product can also be sold to farms, nurseries, nature reserves and even zoos, but this will only become a real option when your business grows to a full-fledged production line.

Conclusion

Producing feed at home is a truly win-win idea for those who live in rural areas, run their own farms and are looking for an additional, stable source of income. Despite the fact that the equipment is not so cheap, once you invest money in it, you will have the opportunity to produce completely natural, safe feed for both your own livestock and for sale.

Compound feed (combined feed) refers to feed mixtures in various combinations. These mixtures are used to feed farm animals and poultry, providing them with complete nutrition, rich in protein, vitamins and microelements.

They are made according to different recipes (each type of animal has its own), but any compound feed usually includes grain raw materials, grass, pine, fish or meat and bone meal, salt, chalk and other useful additives - products from the microbiological and chemical industries . The nutritional value of compound feed depends on the qualitative ratio of the components that make up it.

Despite the fact that the situation with the agricultural sector in our country is still quite difficult, breeding poultry, large and small livestock plays an important role in this segment. Here, mainly small farms predominate, which have their own narrow specialization, which does not allow them to independently provide all their needs, including animal feed. Therefore, producing combination feeds for livestock and poultry can be a great idea for your own business, especially if you have the necessary knowledge and experience in this field. Traditionally, agricultural workers prefer imported feed. However, recently, due to the high cost of the latter, farms have been purchasing more domestically produced feed, some of which are no longer inferior in quality to their foreign counterparts.

There are three different types of compound feeds, depending on their nutritional value: concentrate feeds, complete feeds and various protein and mineral supplements. The exact composition of each type of feed is determined by the recommendations of veterinarians and the latest research data in the field of the influence of various substances on the taste of the product. Compound feed, which constitutes a complete diet for poultry or animals, must contain the entire range of essential nutrients in strictly maintained proportions, since it is used as a replacement for natural food.

Concentrates are called compound feeds that are used to increase the essential nutrients (minerals, microadditives, protein) of natural feed. Such feeds act as the main component of the diet of animals and birds, but are not the only ones in it. Unlike the previous two types of feed, combined protein-vitamin supplements are produced not by third-party companies, but by agricultural partnerships themselves based on their own raw materials. Compound feeds are also distinguished by the form of the product, which can be loose (various grinding: fine, medium and coarse), in the form of granules (dense lumps of a round, elongated shape) and in the form of briquettes (rectangular or square tiles). Also, feed can be classified depending on the type of animal (for example, whether it is intended for slaughter, breeding, sale), its age and breed.

The key issue that new feed producing companies will have to resolve is related to the quality of their products. Farm animals and birds must receive a balanced diet, on which their health, quality of products, and life expectancy directly depend. Another problem has to do with pricing. Obviously, the retail price of good food will not be low. However, since farms in our country are going through hard times, they have to choose animal feed based, first of all, on the criterion of affordability.

Domestic producers of compound feed sell their products through intermediary companies (wholesalers), as well as directly to end customers - farms, nurseries, zoos, private farms and nature reserves. Ideally, of course, it would be desirable to agree on regular wholesale purchases with public and private companies. Thus, you can ensure stable sales of your products. But most likely at first your main clients will be private farms and individual farmers who keep livestock and poultry.

So, what do you need to produce animal feed? You should start not with searching for equipment, premises, or sales channels, but with developing recipes. The fact is that there are over a hundred types of different raw materials that are used for the production of animal feed. The exact composition of each type of feed, the ingredients and their quantities depend on several factors, including the nutritional value and quality of the feed mixture produced and for whom it is intended. It is impossible to list them all, but we can highlight the basic components that are included in most mixtures. First of all, these are grain raw materials (oats, barley, beans, corn, less often wheat, etc.), hay, straw, cake is often used, flour to increase nutritional value (grass, fish, meat and bone), starch and syrup raw materials (hydrol, molasses), chemical raw materials (mainly vitamins, microelements, urea, antibiotics) and mineral additives (chalk, salt). In addition, various protein-vitamin complexes and premixes are added to combined feeds. These components are present in the mixture in very small quantities and are used rather to enrich the main food product.

Various technologies are used to produce combined feeds. The choice of a specific technology directly depends on the composition and type of the final product. Different raw materials require different processing. The structure of feed production involves the implementation of main and auxiliary operations. The main ones include those actions that are directly related to the transformation of raw materials into feed. And auxiliary operations are not directly related to feed production. The latter include transportation, reception, placement and storage of raw materials, storage and release of finished products, processing of waste from the main production, etc. The process of preparing combined feeds can be divided into several main stages: reception, weighing and storage of raw materials, purification of raw materials from foreign impurities, peeling oats and barley, moisture-thermal processing of grain, crushing grain and other components, drying and grinding mineral raw materials, preparing a mixture of microadditives with filler, introducing liquid additives into mixed feed, dosing components according to the recipe, mixing components, granulating or briquetting mixtures, accounting and distribution of compound feed.

First, the primary raw materials (straw and hay) undergo a two-phase grinding process into pieces of 30-40 mm and into particles of 5-10 mm. The exact particle size obtained during this operation is determined by the formulation. Grain components, if necessary, are cleaned, crushed in a crusher, weighed on electronic scales and sent to the dispenser. On the dispenser, all components, including additional additives, are measured in the required proportions, and then thoroughly mixed. The dosing stage is the most important in the production of compound feed, since the quality of the finished product directly depends on how accurately all components are measured. In the mixer, all ingredients are mixed into a homogeneous mass. If we are talking about the production of compound feed in bulk form, then their preparation ends here. The finished feed mixtures are weighed and packed into bags, which are then sent for storage. If it is intended to produce feed of other types (for example, in the form of granules), then the mixed semi-finished mixture is sent for subsequent processing. When mixing, the mass is fed into the agitator hopper using a screw or belt conveyor. The semi-finished product is collected in the hopper until sufficient mass has accumulated, after which it is sent to the granulator press. Using this equipment, neat lumps of the required diameter and size are formed from the loose mixture. Then the feed is cooled by a fan and goes to the sieving table. The formed granules are selected from the total mass and transferred along a conveyor to packaging. Compound feed in loose form or in the form of granules is packaged in bags of 10-50 kg.

Recently, technology such as extrusion has also been used for the production of combined feeds. It includes three main processes: temperature treatment of the feed, carried out under pressure; mechanochemical deformation of the product, “explosion” of the product using shock discharge. The advantages of this method of producing compound feeds lie, first of all, in improving the taste of feed products as a result of the formation of various aromatic substances in the feedstock. And this, in turn, leads to a significant increase in enzyme activity during the digestion of animal feed. In addition, extrusion neutralizes a number of toxins. During extrusion, raw materials are processed under pressure up to 40 atmospheres and temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius. As a result, an expanded, porous product is obtained from the extruder in the form of a rope (strand) with a diameter of 20-30 mm with a volumetric mass of 100-120 grams per cubic meter. dm and humidity 7-9%. Heat treatment not only changes the structure of the raw material, but also causes profound destructive changes in nutrients. For example, proteins undergo denaturation, and starch is broken down into dextrins and sugars. As a result of all these changes, an extrudate with a pleasant bready taste and aroma is obtained. According to its characteristics, high-quality extruded feed should have a degree of starch dextrization of at least 55%, an explosion coefficient of at least 4, and a degree of crystallization (swelling) of at least 35%. However, since lines for the production of extruded feed are very expensive, most young manufacturing companies use small lines or mini-plants, which can be used to produce loose or granulated feed at a low cost. Fortunately, the choice of such equipment on the Russian market is quite large. Its cost depends on performance.

For example, a simple line for the production of mixed feed in bulk and in granules with a diameter of no more than 10 mm with a productivity of 1000 kg of product per hour will cost 1.2-1.5 million rubles. Three people are enough to operate it. A more powerful line with a capacity of 3000 kg of products per hour costs about 2.5-3 million rubles. It will require four operators to operate it. In addition to both lines, you will need a chopper for herbal raw materials. The simplest model, which will allow you to chop hay and straw in an embankment, will cost about 20 thousand rubles.

Equipment for chopping straw in rolls is significantly more expensive - approximately 350 thousand rubles. In addition to equipment, you will need premises for a production workshop and warehouses. Add to this the cost of purchasing the first batch of raw materials.

The minimum cost for organizing the production of mixed feed will be from 2.5 million rubles (subject to the use of low-power equipment). These costs can be recouped, as equipment suppliers say, within a year and a half.

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A feed mill is a relevant and in-demand type of modern and profitable business. There is demand for products in any economic situation. It is a mixture of grains, various herbs - fresh and dried, various biological natural additives, among which in 90% of cases bone meal, fish meal, table salt, and natural chalk are used. Additionally, the feed contains various microelements, including rare ones, and a variety of vitamins.

All components combined in the mixture ensure normal and correct growth and development corresponding to the biology and species of bird or animal. The combined composition is no less actively used for feeding fish (in industrial breeding). The revival of farming has had a positive effect on this area of business, increasing its profitability.

Product varieties

When thinking about opening feed mills, you need to choose the main direction of activity, since there are several types of feed. Compositions can be produced separately for each type of bird or animal, fish, or combine several lines. Mixtures produced at the enterprise must take into account:

Age of birds or animals;
Industrial use.

There is a division of feed, taking into account the type of animal/poultry, production direction - (meat, milk, eggs). The conditions of detention (farm, private household) are taken into account.

The production of compound feed should focus on several types of products (in terms of nutritional value):

A complete product that can completely replace regular food;
Supplements are verified according to veterinary rules, balanced in the amount of proteins, fats, vitamins, microelements;
Concentrate is a composition that contains more minerals, various vitamins, microelements, and proteins.

Mini feed mill

Products manufactured by the plant can be implemented:

Briquettes;
Tiles (pressed mixture);
Granules;
Lumps (round or elongated);
In bulk (grind coarse, medium, fine).

All these features must be taken into account by the entrepreneur before purchasing the necessary equipment in order to be able to launch a full-fledged, profitable production.

Sales of products

Full-fledged feed production as a business includes not only mixing ingredients on lines, packaging products, and their further storage, but also sales, which allows you to make a financial profit. It is recommended to draw up a contract with the buyer for a long period. This will require the entrepreneur to spend time searching for a farm whose activities have a long-term perspective.

Particular attention should be paid to:

Zoos (private, public);
Private farmers;
Nature reserves;
Nurseries;
Agricultural enterprises.

You can also sell your products in markets. Cooperation with companies operating in related industries will be profitable.

Large feed mill

Necessary raw materials and food components

Successful feed producers use a wide variety of food and fortified raw materials in their work. It is chosen depending on the chosen focus. In 85% of cases known to business, the feed includes:

Cake;
Hay (you need to monitor the quality);
Straw;
Legumes (various);
Ground or whole oats;
Corn with cobs and kernels (ripe);
Barley (including peeled);
Bone/fish meal;
Ground lime;
Melissa fresh or dried;
Mineral mixtures (ready-made);
Microelements, natural supplements and various vitamin complexes;
Antibiotics (it is recommended to use in a minimal amount to make the finished product as natural as possible).

Also, premixes and protein supplements are necessary raw materials for the production of feeding compositions. At the opening stage, a businessman needs to enter into contracts for the supply of basic raw materials so that the production process is uninterrupted.

Technological process

The production process depends on the type of product, as there are differences in the selection and processing of raw materials. The type of equipment that will be used to create the ideal feed, as well as the basic production technology, also depend on the chosen direction of the plant’s operation. The common stages for all types of manufactured products are:

Grinding of used raw materials;
Dosing of each ingredient;
Mixing;
Formation (most often these are granules, briquettes, scattering);
Cooling;
Packing.

For some types of popular feed mixtures, it will be necessary to install production equipment to clean the raw materials entering the conveyor. Additionally, it should be taken into account that when using natural ingredients - straw / hay, the grinding process is carried out twice on equipment - up to 0.4 cm, then on another machine up to 0.1 cm. The process of mixing additives most often takes place at the stage of dosing all components included in composition of the finished product.

Particular attention must be paid to dosing, since it determines the quality of the final product.
It is important to constantly monitor production stages, from loading to the accuracy of equipment operation. Therefore, a business plan for the production of compound feed should include a stage for finding personnel. If the basis of production is granules, then you will need to purchase a special device called a turner, which evenly feeds the raw materials into another device, the name of which is a granulator press. It gradually produces granules, the size and type of which are obtained according to the parameters that were set, according to the requirements. Packaging is most often done in bags with a volume of 10 or 50 kg.

Equipment: for production and packaging

The acquisition of equipment for the production of granulated feed or any other product of the businessman’s choice is an important stage in the development of the enterprise. Here you need to pay attention to nuances and details, including:

Reliability of the selected equipment;
Build quality;
Line functionality.

Organizing a full-fledged line that works constantly (10-12 hours a day) will help increase profitability. There are several options, which are selected depending on what volumes the enterprise plans to produce. For a small plant, feed milling equipment is represented by the LPKG-1 and LPKG-3 lines. To service the first option, you will need to hire a staff of 3-4 people. It produces up to 1 ton of product per hour. Electricity consumption is about 43 kW. The products produced on this type of line are granules and bulk. The cost is about 2 million rubles. Additional equipment that will expand the range is a straw and hay chopper.

A more powerful line for the production of mixed feed allows you to increase the quantity of products produced up to 3 tons per hour at maximum load. Energy consumption is already 76 kW. The staff increases to 4-5 people. You also need to purchase a shredder. The total cost increases to 3 million rubles. Installing equipment for feed production in the form of automated lines is beneficial in terms of space saving.

Features of the workshop

In order for production to operate fully, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements that provide not only comfortable working conditions, but also complete safety. It is important to remember that the ceiling height in this case must be at least 4.5 m. The room must be heated - the minimum permissible temperature is +5 degrees. It is necessary to separate an area for storing finished products. Ventilation must be present here, and protection from moisture and condensation will need to be provided.

Financial and organizational part

To open your own business, you will need to complete the appropriate documentation. For a private small plant, it is better to register an individual entrepreneur, since here you can count on paying taxes according to the simplified tax system. Main documents are:

Certificate of tax registration;
Lease or ownership agreement for the premises occupied by the workshop;
Conclusions of the SES and fire department.

Financial expenses are formed from one-time expenses and permanent ones. To start a business you will need:

Rental of premises/repair work – 150,000 rubles;
Purchase of equipment - 0t 850,000 rubles (if there are no plans to purchase lines);
Additional equipment – 250,000 rubles;
Raw materials for compound feed – 350,000-500,000 rubles;
Costs for registering a business, paying for utilities, and paying employees – 500,000 rubles.

This turns out to be about 2 million rubles of one-time costs.

Revenue, profit and profitability are calculated as follows (with a minimum productivity of 500 kg/h): shift duration - 8 hours, number of shifts per month - 23, number of products per month - 92 tons. If sales are made at 11,000 rubles per ton of feed, then the amount will be 1 million 12 thousand rubles. Accordingly, it is possible to recoup all costs and fully enter the profitable sector in 6-8 months. Profit figures will be (after all necessary monthly expenses and taxes) 15-20%.

Thus, when opening a plant for the production of compound feed, an entrepreneur can count on making a profit in the first year of the enterprise’s operation. Indicators of demand for products are 30-48%, so there will always be customers. Competition in the selected segment is average, which provides opportunities for a successful start and development. There is a high profitability and quick payback of all investments.

A feed mill is a relevant and in-demand type of modern and profitable business. There is demand for products in any economic situation.

The production of compound feed as a business has many advantages for successful prosperity, provided that the work is organized clearly and the product is of good quality and an affordable price. It is also important to have sales opportunities and beneficial cooperation with wholesale buyers.

Business Features

Compound feed is a complex homogeneous mass with various feed additives, which is used to feed farm birds and animals. High-quality food consists of useful substances, so that animals receive balanced nutrition. There are various recipes for preparing compound feed, but each type contains certain proportions of raw materials with additional mineral supplements.

Many agricultural companies that specialize in raising livestock prefer to purchase imported feed. But due to the high price and not always timely delivery, they are inclined to support domestic manufacturers, and the quality of the products is not inferior to foreign goods.

Pros and cons of this area

Each type of activity has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this area include:

Demand for products. Agricultural enterprises are developing every year and constantly purchasing huge quantities of high-quality feed.
Ease of feed production. Even beginners can master the technological process.
Opening a feed manufacturing company does not require special knowledge.
Minimum amount of investment to make a profit.
Opportunity for company growth.
The ability to use advertising to find your own ways of implementation and create a reliable customer base.

Disadvantages of this area:

High price of raw material processing equipment.
Difficulties with choosing quality raw materials.
Competition.
Possibility of short deliveries of ordered raw materials.

Despite all the pitfalls of the business of producing and selling feed for farm animals, it is promising.

Types of feed and purposes of their use
Compound feeds according to their classification are divided into several types. The main condition for any manufacturing recipe is compliance with the correct proportions. This is explained by the fact that this type of food should become complete nutrition for animals. Feeds vary:

caloric content of the composition;
purpose;
release form.

Certain types of feed differ in their nutritional value:

traditional food feed, which is a substitute for natural food;
concentrated feed, which is used in the diet of animals, but does not completely replace it;
useful biological additives, they are able to provide animals with the vitamins and minerals they need.

The form of product release is classified as follows:

Compound feed in briquettes, it has the shape of a square or rectangular tile. Preparing this type of food requires a lot of time and special equipment.
Granulated feed. It is very popular among farmers due to its compactness, long shelf life and convenient transportation.
Loose feed. Powdered food is well preserved only in dry rooms without excess moisture. Otherwise, the powder collects in lumps, and this factor indicates the impossibility of preparing high-quality animal feed.

Important: Each type of animal requires a specific feed composition. For example, formulas for feeding dogs and horses are very different.

Compound feed is readily purchased by owners of zoos, mini-farms, nurseries and private farmlands. In this case, we are talking about wholesale supplies, which is very beneficial for an entrepreneur specializing in the production of feed mixtures.

Required raw materials

The basis of the combined feed is cereal crops - wheat, oats, barley. Also in the composition of the feed other elements are not excluded:

sunflower seeds, legumes, corn;
herbal and fish meal;
raw materials based on starch and molasses;
mineral complexes and premixes;
microelements.

On livestock farms, compound feed has long been used as a complete nutrition for animals.

When creating any complex or mini-factory, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for technological processes in order to produce high-quality products.

Proper transportation of finished products for further safety is also required. To understand the whole process, let’s take the production of granulated feed as an example. It consists of the following stages:

Crushing and grinding raw materials to the required texture.
Distribution and mixing into a homogeneous mass.
Conversion into granules using a granulator.
Sifting of granules and their subsequent cooling.
Packaging of finished raw materials in intended containers for sale.

Important: The sequence of steps is important to obtain quality products.

Instructions on how to open a business and what you need for this

To have a clear understanding of all processes, you need to draw up a business plan. What aspects need to be included in the plan? The main point is monitoring feed markets in the country or region in which you plan to start your business. When comparing, all risks and benefits, and other nuances of this labor-intensive process must be taken into account. To do this you need to pay attention:

The technical side of the project. This is a chain of all feed production processes, from the purchase of raw materials to checking the quality of products before marketing.
Construction of premises. It is very important to correctly calculate the area of the main workshop, utility rooms, and equipment.
Monitoring the competitors' market.
Finding a profitable franchise for the purchase of raw materials, attractive prices for all types of feed, and attracting regular customers.

The number of required items in a business plan depends on the planned production volume.

Registration and preparation of documents

If an entrepreneur considers his activities as a business selling animal feed, then to conduct it legally, a certain list of documents is required:

application for opening an enterprise;
enterprise agreement;
application for registration (form P11001);
receipt of payment of state duty;
charter of the enterprise.

To submit documents to the tax service you need:

a copy of the registration certificate of an individual entrepreneur or LLC;
application for company registration;
business permit from a veterinarian;
a copy of the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Important: some authorities require permission to operate from the SES.

Search for premises

For the normal functioning of the project, a room area of at least 80 square meters is required. meters. To open a mini-factory, the size of the territory is not important. The main thing is that the production line for the production of mixed feed can be freely located in the workshop, and there should also be utility and storage rooms, a meal room for service personnel and a management office within the access area.

The presence of functional lighting, ventilation system and heating will ensure uninterrupted operation of the entire workshop. The production line must be equipped with electrical cables. In utility rooms and warehouses, a certain humidity and temperature regime should be maintained for storing products.

Purchase and installation of necessary equipment

To operate the line and the entire production, you need certain equipment:

Crusher for crushing and processing grain products.
Mixer for mixing components and components.
Device for rationing products.
Conveyer belt.
Separator.

Recruitment

For a small production, 3 service personnel will be required. This quantity is sufficient for manufacturing, packaging, accounting, loading and unloading of products. For large volumes, staff is selected in double or triple numbers.

Promotion and advertising

The profit of the enterprise will depend on the number of buyers of finished products. Therefore, use all types of advertising, from advertisements in local newspapers to handing out business cards with your company details.

Sales channels

Try to let as many buyers as possible know about your company. Business owners should sell high-quality products, attract customers with promotions and bonuses, and practice stable prices. And then compound feed as a business has every chance of making a profit.

Financial plan

Operational efficiency must be measured by costs and monthly costs. For example, with a flow rate of 100,000 rubles to be expected 800,000 rubles. Subtract 6% for taxes from this amount and calculate your profitability.

Important: Don't forget that the increase in demand depends on the season.

Breeding animals is an important area for every country, so feed production is carried out by companies with a narrow specialization. And if the future entrepreneur has the ability and desire to master such work, then there will be every chance to develop his business in real conditions.