Egyptian pyramid of Cheops presentation for elementary school. Presentation on the topic of Egyptian pyramids

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Great Pyramids. Giza

Egypt 2575 - 2465 BC e.

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The Pyramid of Cheops reaches a height of 146 meters. Its thickness was cut through only by corridors leading to the burial chamber. The construction of the Cheops pyramid was supervised by the architect Hemiun.

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The pyramid itself required 20 years of work. It's square. Each side is 146.26 m and its height is the same size. The stones are polished and carefully fitted, each of them is no less than 9.24 m.

The construction of the Cheops pyramid was supervised by the architect Hemiun.

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Pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser

Egypt 2630 - 2611 BC e.

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At the time of its construction, this structure was the largest in the world.

This tomb became a model of a funeral structure, in which, according to the canons, three main tasks were solved: preserving the ashes of the deceased incorrupt, preserving the tomb and feeding it so that it could exist.

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The second pyramid of the complex belongs to the successor of Cheops - Pharaoh Khafre. The Pyramid of Khafre was almost as tall as the Pyramid of Cheops. Its height was 143 meters, and its side length was 215 meters. Because of this ratio of height and length of the base, she seemed slimmer. The base was lined with Aswan granite.

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Great Sphinx. Giza.

Egypt 2750 BC

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The Great Sphinx was erected simultaneously with the pyramid, for the pharaoh of the IV dynasty - Khafre (Khafre). The Sphinx is made in the form of a lying lion. His face reproduces the features of the pharaoh himself. In reality, the sphinx is an image of the sun god. To the side where the Sun appears and the Sphinx looks.

• On the head of the sphinx there is a striped royal scarf, above the forehead there is a uraeus - the sacred cobra. According to the beliefs of the Egyptians, the cobra protected kings and queens with its breath.
• The sphinx's face was previously painted brick, and the stripes of the scarf were blue and red.
• It rises between two temples dedicated to the cult of this deity.
• When creating the sculpture, Egyptian craftsmen used the original form of limestone rock.

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Statue of Pharaoh Khafre, fragment

Egypt 2500 BC e.

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In Ancient Egypt, two types of images of royal persons were developed. Sitting and standing. The portrait of Pharaoh Khafre belongs to the second type. This type is characterized by the articulation of all parts of the figure at right angles. The hands are usually folded on the hips or resting on the chest. The legs are parallel to the bare feet. The symmetry in this case is perfect.

The monarchs are depicted bare-chested, wearing a pleated skirt and with their heads covered with the double crown of Lower and Upper Egypt.

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The pharaoh is depicted with his head protected by the spread wings of the god Horus, from whom he was believed to have descended. The torso forms a single block with the throne, and the arms are pressed to the torso.

Pharaoh statue carved from super-hard diorite

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Khafre's son and heir, Mikerin, owns the third pyramid. The tomb itself and the structures around it were not completed during the life of the pharaoh. Subsequently, his son hastily finished them. This was the last of the great pyramids.

Sphinxes

The Great Pyramids are part of the vast necropolis of Giza. Next to them are several small pyramids, where the wives of the pharaohs, tombs of priests and major officials are buried. At the foot of the Giza plateau are mortuary temples and the Great Sphinx.

Features of the structure of the pyramids

Each of the great pyramids also had a triune complex: the lower mortuary temple - the road - the upper mortuary temple. But this complex was preserved in a more or less complete form only at the Pyramid of Khafre. The stone-paved road from the lower temple, where embalming was carried out, to the upper one, where they said goodbye to the pharaoh before burial, stretched for more than half a kilometer. Near the lower granite temple, devoid of a roof, lie the ruins of the Sphinx temple. And behind them, the ancient keeper of the pyramids himself, the Great Sphinx, turned his gaze to the east. The Sphinx, a resting lion with the head of a man (Mamluk soldiers shot off its nose), is the largest monolithic sculpture. Its length is 73 meters, height is 20 meters. It is believed that the Sphinx was carved during the construction of the Pyramid of Khafre, and its face bears the features of this pharaoh.

Construction

pyramids

The Mystery of the Pyramid Shapes

In ancient times, earthlings knew about the influence of architectural forms on humans and viewed architecture not only as a creation of form, but also as a kind of sacred essence. Today, scientists have found that structures with pointed roofs have the most beneficial effect. Various places of worship have a peculiar pyramidal effect: Christian churches, cathedrals, Buddhist temples, mosques... Bioenergetics experts claim that an environmentally friendly and energetically strong field is created around such structures.

The pyramid effect was first discovered during the study of the Egyptian pyramids, the mystery of the origin and purpose of which for humanity still remains unsolved. However, it has been proven that the pyramids have a strong energetic effect, affecting all living beings and even inanimate objects.

The Egyptian pyramids are one of the wonders of the world, and it is not surprising, because the idea that people, armed only with simple mechanical devices, built such huge structures that continue to amaze us, although millennia have passed since their creation. Looking at these marvelous monuments of the era, one gets the impression that time is passing them by, or maybe it was the magic of the sphinx that stopped it, glorifying the greatness of the pharaoh. Mysticism and reality, myths and facts are so tightly intertwined on the stone steps of these silent giants that you begin to believe in myths and doubt the facts.

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The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt, including one of the “seven wonders of the world” - the Pyramid of Cheops and an honorary candidate for the “new seven wonders of the world” - the Pyramids of Giza. The word "pyramid" is Greek and means polyhedron. A total of 118 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt (as of November 2008). Pyramids of Egypt

The Bent Pyramid is an Egyptian pyramid in Dahshur, the construction of which is attributed to Pharaoh Snorf (XXVI century BC) For explanation non-standard shape pyramids, the German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt (1863-1938) proposed his “accretion theory”. According to it, the king died unexpectedly and the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces was sharply changed from 54°31" to 43°21" in order to quickly complete the work.

Pink pyramid -at the moment of its construction in the 26th century. BC e. which was the tallest building on Earth. It is second only in size to the two Egyptian pyramids at Giza. The name is due to the fact that the limestone blocks that make up the pyramid take on a pink color in the rays of the setting sun. Entrance through a sloping passage on the north side descends into three adjacent chambers accessible to the public. This pyramid is attributed to Snefru because his name is inscribed in red paint on several blocks of the casing.

The Step Pyramid at Saqqara is the oldest surviving large stone building in the world. Built by the architect Imhotep in Saqqara for the burial of the Egyptian pharaoh Djoser c. 2650 BC e. The core of the tomb is made of limestone blocks. The size of the pyramid is 125 meters × 115 meters and its height is 61 meters.

The Great Pyramids are the pyramids of the pharaohs Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin located in Giza. Unlike the pyramid of Djoser, these pyramids do not have a stepped, but a strictly geometric, pyramidal shape. The walls of the pyramids rise at an angle from 51° (Pyramid of Menkaure) to 53° (Pyramid of Khafre) to the horizon. The edges are precisely oriented to the cardinal points. The Pyramid of Cheops was built on a massive natural rock elevation, which was located in the very middle of the base of the pyramid. Its height is about 9 m.

The largest pyramid is the Cheops pyramid. Initially, its height was 146.6 m, but due to the fact that the cladding of the pyramid is now missing, its height has now decreased to 138.8 m. The length of the side of the pyramid is 230 m. The construction of the pyramid dates back to the 26th century BC. e. Presumably, construction lasted more than 20 years. The pyramid is made of 2.5 million stone blocks; no cement or other binders were used. On average, the blocks weighed 2.5 tons. The pyramid is an almost monolithic structure - with the exception of several chambers and corridors leading to them.

http:// go.mail.ru/search_images?q https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki / http:// 1chudo.ru/usypalnitsy/44- Internet resources

When mentioning the Egyptian pyramids, they usually mean the Great Pyramids located in Giza, near Cairo.

The largest of them is the pyramid of Cheops, the second pharaoh of the IV dynasty. This pyramid still remains the largest architectural creation of human hands. At its base it is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height during construction was 146.6 meters, and now the pyramid is 9 meters lower: the top stones fell during earthquakes.

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The Pyramid of Cheops

Even in ancient times, the pyramids of Giza were considered one of the seven “wonders of the world.” But even today they are capable of hitting anyone. The largest of them is the pyramid of Cheops, the second pharaoh of the IV dynasty. This pyramid still remains the largest architectural creation of human hands. At its base it is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height during construction was 146.6 meters, and now the pyramid is 9 meters lower: the top stones fell during earthquakes. The construction of the pyramid (it was completed around 2590 BC) took 2.3 million stone blocks weighing two and a half tons each. The total volume of the pyramid is 2.34 million cubic meters. The faces of the pyramid are oriented to the cardinal points, and their angle of inclination to the base is 51o52". The entrance is located on the north side. The individual blocks, according to the Arab historian Abdel Latif (12th century), are so precisely adjusted to each other that it is impossible to insert between them blade of knife.

There are no inscriptions or decorations inside the Cheops pyramid. There are three burial chambers there. The pharaoh's burial chamber is a room about 11 meters long, five meters wide and almost six meters high. The walls of the tomb are decorated with granite slabs. The red granite sarcophagus is empty. Neither the pharaoh's mummy nor the funeral utensils were found. It is believed that the pyramid was plundered in ancient times.

On the southern side of the pyramid there is a structure shaped like a ship. This is the so-called Solar Boat - one of the five on which Cheops was supposed to go to the other world. In 1954, a 43.6 m long boat, disassembled into 1224 parts, was discovered during excavations. It was built of cedar without a single nail and, as evidenced by the traces of silt preserved on it, before the death of Cheops it was still floating on the Nile.

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"Horizon of Khufu" is the name of the Cheops pyramid.

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Pyramid of Khafre

The second largest pyramid of Giza belongs to Pharaoh Khafre. It was built 40 years later than the first. Sometimes it seems that the pyramid of Khafre is even larger than Cheops. It's actually a little smaller. The side of the square base of the Khafre pyramid is 215 meters. Height - 136 meters. However, in ancient times, like the Cheops pyramid, it was 9 meters higher. The angle of inclination is sharper than that of the first pyramid: 53o8". Here the entire complex of structures, consisting of a temple in the valley, a road, a temple of the dead and the pyramid itself, is more clearly visible. The lower temple, in which 25 statues of the pharaohs once stood, is famous for that here, on the threshold of the kingdom of the dead, Khafre was mummified

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Pyramid of Mikerin

The ensemble of the great pyramids of Giza is completed by the pyramid of Mikerin. Its construction was completed in 2505 BC. This pyramid is significantly smaller than its predecessors. The side of the base is 108 meters, the original height is 66.5 meters (today - 62 m), the angle of inclination is 51o. The only burial chamber of the pyramid is carved into its rocky foundation, emphasizing the grandeur of the pyramids of Cheops and Khafre. The latter are not difficult to distinguish from each other: the Pyramid of Khafre has partially preserved white basalt cladding near the top.

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