Instructions on how to open a private school

The article comprehensively reveals the features of opening a private school. The material presents an up-to-date analysis of the modern market and consumer demand, provides explanations of the legal aspects of activity and taxation, lists the main regulatory requirements for the premises and the educational process.

A private school is an institution that provides educational services (including those that meet state educational standards) on a paid basis. The Russian system of private school education was fully developed by the beginning of the 20th century.

The modern history of private schools dates back to 1992 - a period of educational reforms and a qualitative change in the demands of society. It was at this time that, as an alternative to the stagnant, “learning-supporting” system, innovative education began to develop, implemented, for the most part, in non-state schools.

Key Features of the Modern Private School Market

A little more than 1% of school-age children are enrolled in private education in Russia. Most of these educational institutions are located in Moscow and the Moscow region, as well as in St. Petersburg: thus, in general, the Russian market for such services is not yet sufficiently saturated. Let us consider the main features characteristic of modern non-state school institutions (data as of 2013).

More than half of private schools have kindergartens, and the vast majority of institutions provide services to prepare children for school.

Qualitative components of education in a private school:

• small classes that provide sufficient attention to each student;
• comfortable conditions for finding and teaching a child;
• developed infrastructure - schools can have a swimming pool, a multifunctional sports hall, well-equipped computer classes;
• flexible curriculum;
• highly qualified teaching staff;
• special teaching methods aimed at developing in children such necessary modern qualities as communication skills, leadership and business activity;
• an extended range of subjects studied - in addition to general education, additional classes can be held in the following disciplines: foreign languages, linguistics, law, economics, humanities, theater skills, vocals, dances, etc.
• the possibility of finding a child at school throughout the working day and even at full board;
• the most successful schools are oriented towards prestigious universities (including foreign ones); students are trained in special programs designed to prepare them for admission to the appropriate higher education institution.

The income structure of private schools is: monthly tuition fees, entrance fees, payment for additional services, as well as other income - sponsorship, grants, etc. Most of the profits are spent on paying salaries to employees, developing curricula and covering current expenses.

Features of consumer demand for the service

Private school students are the children of parents with high and medium incomes - entrepreneurs, businessmen, intellectuals. At the same time, the motivation to attend a private school of one parent comes from the realization that a good education for a child is an investment in his future. Other parents want to create the most comfortable and safe learning environment for their child. There are also people for whom the education of a child in a prestigious institution is an indicator of status.

By what criteria do parents choose a school? This is, first of all:

• school reputation;
• qualifications of the teaching staff;
• the number of children in the class;
• proximity to home;
• material base;
• availability of a license, accreditation;
• reviews of friends.

An interesting fact revealed in the course of marketing research is that if it is necessary to save on one of the above factors, parents do not reduce their requirements for such criteria as the number of students in the class and the location of the school.

When choosing a private school, consumers also study such issues as opening hours of the institution, teaching additional foreign languages ​​in demand (for example, Italian or Chinese), the availability / quality of catering services, opportunities for organizing leisure activities for children, USE results, and established relationships with universities. Normative base

The activities of private schools are regulated by the following regulations:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Approval of the Model Regulations on a General Educational Institution";
• Order on the procedure for attestation of teaching staff;
• Technical regulation on fire safety requirements;

Company registration, taxation

According to the Law on Education, a general educational organization (one that provides primary, basic and secondary education) cannot be commercial, and, therefore, must be created in the form of non-profit organizations. At the same time, the type of educational institution must be indicated in its name. In addition, individual entrepreneurs can also conduct general educational activities - personally or with the help of attracting teachers from the outside.

For a private school, OKVED codes are suitable:

• 80.10.2 - “Primary general education”;
• 80.10.3 - “Additional education for children”;
• 80.21.1 - “Basic general education”;
• 80.21.2 - “Secondary general education”.

Taxation is optimally carried out in the form of the simplified tax system (income-expenses). When planning a business, we also advise you to pay attention to article 284.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which provides an opportunity for educational and medical institutions to use a zero rate for income tax.

Licensing, accreditation, certification

License. In order to obtain the right to conduct educational activities, a private school must have a license that confirms the compliance of the conditions of the educational process with all existing regulatory requirements. Moreover, not only organizations, but also individual entrepreneurs must obtain a license. Exceptions are entrepreneurs who conduct educational activities on their own, without the involvement of other teachers - such IP does not need a license.

You can get acquainted with the current list of documents required for obtaining an educational license, and with the requirements for them, on the website of the Moscow Department of Education or in the relevant regional offices. We also note that in the case when a licensed medical organization is not involved in the work of the school medical office, the school must also obtain a medical license.

Accreditation

As for the accreditation of schools, it must be said that this procedure is voluntary. However, it is she who determines the status of an educational institution, giving it the right to issue state-recognized educational certificates to its graduates. Otherwise, students will have to take final exams at another school that has the appropriate permissions. This is not always convenient and may be considered by potential consumers of the service as a negative factor.

The purpose of state accreditation of a private school is to confirm the quality of the educational service provided and its compliance with state education standards. School accreditation is a regular procedure that must be carried out at least once every six years (state accreditation website, Moscow). It includes several stages, and should not last more than 105 days.

We present a detailed accreditation scheme developed by the Moscow Department of Education.

Certification

Another important procedure that confirms the quality of private school services is the certification of its teaching staff. It is mandatory: every five years, teachers are required to undergo certification to confirm the right to hold their position or the assigned category.

An exception is made only for teachers who have worked in their position for less than 2 years, as well as for pregnant women and women on parental leave: such employees are certified later.

Premises, SanPin and fire service requirements

An ideal premise for organizing a private school is an owned detached building with an area of ​​​​1.5 to 2.5 thousand square meters. meters, which has a vast surrounding area, parking, good access roads and is located next to prestigious residential areas. Of course, it must meet all the requirements of the sanitary and fire services:

1. School buildings are allowed to be in residential areas away from highways, garages and any transport facilities. There should not be any main city communications on the territory of the school.
2. The adjacent territory is landscaped by at least 50% (with the exception of the northern regions), fenced off, and artificial lighting is provided.
3. The area around the school is zoned as follows: a place is allocated for a physical culture and sports zone, a recreation zone and an economic zone. The sports area should be equipped with areas for physical education.
4. Newly constructed school buildings should be designed for teaching only one shift. The height of the classrooms cannot be less than 3.6 meters. The area for classes is allocated at the rate of 2.5 to 3.5 square meters. meters per student.
5. Primary classes are located in a separate educational block with access to the school grounds. For first-graders attending an extended day group, it is necessary to provide sleeping rooms (separate for boys and girls) at the rate of 4 square meters. meters per child. The first class is located no higher than the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the 4th classes - no higher than the 3rd floor.
6. The first floor of the school should be occupied by: a locker room, a gym (at least 6 meters high), a medical office. There must be a toilet for boys and girls on each floor of the school.
7. Furniture should be ergonomic, safe and appropriate for the age of students.
8. Permissible temperature conditions: for classrooms, entrance halls, locker rooms, libraries, canteens, recreations - from 18 to 24C °, for a sports hall and workshops - from 17 to 20Cº, for bedrooms, playrooms - from 20 to 24Cº, for showers - 25Cº , for medical rooms - from 20 to 22Cº;
9. The school is equipped with fire extinguishing equipment. Finishing of the premises, equipment, furniture must be made of non-combustible materials. On the adjacent territory it is not allowed to burn garbage, foliage - they must be cleaned and removed in a timely manner. It is strictly forbidden to smoke, both in the school building and on its territory. Evacuation routes, entrances to the school must be free. It is not allowed to use non-standard heating devices. Particular attention should be paid to the chemistry room and the reagents stored in it.

Basic sanitary requirements for the educational process:

• pupils are accepted to school from 6.5 years old;
• there can be no more than 25 students in the classes;
• classes cannot start earlier than 8 o'clock in the morning;
• the allowable number of lessons per day is 5 for elementary school (except for the 1st grade) and 6 for grades 5-11;
• only one examination is carried out per day;
• the duration of the lesson cannot exceed 40-45 minutes;
• for first-graders, homework and grading are not allowed.

Equipment, equipment

The status of a private school and the level of services it provides, of course, presuppose the availability of modern high-tech equipment and equipment: high-quality furniture, electronic journals and diaries, interactive whiteboards, multimedia tools, a local computer network, an Internet connection, etc.

Analyzing the business as a whole, we can say that, despite the rather high cost of these services, it is promising and in demand. Taking into account the peculiarities of consumer demand, knowing all the necessary rules and requirements, constantly improving the reputation of your institution and analyzing the socio-economic situation, you can create a quality educational institution that brings a decent income.