home Magazine Round hardwood timber. Specifications

Round hardwood timber. Specifications

Note. Defects of wood according to GOST 2140, not listed in the table. 3 are allowed.

1.8. Depending on the purpose, round timber must meet additional requirements specified in table. 4.

Table 4

Purpose of timber	Additional requirement
Timber for sawing
1. For production:
a) lumber and blanks for all purposes	Side cracks from shrinkage, mechanical damage, sprouting and dry sides are allowed, located in a strip corresponding to the dimensions indicated in the table. 3, subparagraph 4a; in the 2nd grade, knots no larger than 10 cm in size are allowed
b) rivets of filler barrels	Knots in 2nd grade timber are allowed no larger than 3 cm in size
c) sleepers railways	Open growth, dry side, and rot are allowed if there is a segment of healthy wood along the entire length of the log with a height of 22 cm (for wide gauge sleepers) and 14 cm (for narrow gauge sleepers) with one sleeper yielding for each single dimension of the length of the timber
d) transfer bars for broad gauge railways	Core rot, tobacco knots and browning are not allowed. False core is allowed no more than 1/3 of the end diameter
e) blanks for skis	The lot must contain at least 1/3 of the volume of timber with overgrown knots, with an angle between the branches at the edges of 120 ° or more. False kernels are not allowed to be larger than 0.5 end diameter in timber up to 26 cm thick and 0.6 end diameter in timber 26 cm thick or more. Core rot of no more than 1/3 of the end diameter is allowed, extending to both ends
g) resonant lumber and blanks	The area of wood free from false kernels must be at least 13 cm
Timber for peeling
2. For the production of peeled veneer	In birch timber of the 1st grade, overgrown knots with edges having an angle between the branches of 120 ° or more are allowed; in 1st grade timber of other species, wound spots are allowed, covering overgrown knots, without sagging and stretched across the axis of the trunk. In this case, the transverse diameter of the spot should be larger than the longitudinal one: in beech, hornbeam, linden, alder, aspen and poplar timber - twice or more; in oak, maple and ash timber - three times or more. Core rot and hollow are allowed no more than 10 cm in size in the central part of the end. Side cracks due to shrinkage are not allowed. Open and closed sprouts, mechanical damage, cracks (except for side shrinkage cracks), dry sides, cancer are allowed outside the peeling zone. The peeling zone must be at least 5 cm in the first grade and 4 cm in the second grade along the radius from inner surface bark to the center, and from the center to the bark (outside the “pencil” zone). End cracks, including cracks from shrinkage, are allowed within the limits of a circle inscribed in the end of a size not exceeding that established in Table 3, subparagraph 4a. Curvature in churaks with a thickness of 16 and 18 cm should not exceed the standards of grade 1. Timber 1.30 and 1.60 m long, 16 cm thick and timber 1.91 m long and more with a diameter of 18 cm are allowed in quantities of no more than 10%
Timber for the production of cellulose and wood pulp
3. For balances	Charring is not allowed. Wormholes, cracks, mechanical damage are allowed. In balances for sulfate cellulose, knots of all types, stepson, open sprouting and dry sides are allowed. In pulp pulps for chemical processing, for sulfite and bisulfite unbleached cellulose and for white wood pulp, heart rot and tobacco knots are not allowed. In balance sheets of grades 1 and 2, curvature is allowed in a size of no more than 3%. Pulpwood may be supplied chopped, and their thickness along the split and along the outer circumference should not be less than 5 cm. For sulfate cellulose and bisulfite semi-cellulose, it is allowed to use wood raw materials with standards for limiting wood defects, agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer and established in the industry standard technical documentation. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce pulpwood up to 14 cm thick with the lengths established in timber for the production of general-purpose lumber. The maximum thickness of single-length balance beams (blocks) is not limited.
Timber for construction and supplies
4. Timber for construction and stock	Mushrooms (Table 3, subparagraph 2a) and tobacco knots are not allowed

1.7, 1.8. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.9. In case of simultaneous presence of sapwood and heart rot in 3rd grade timber, sapwood rot is allowed with a radial depth of no more than 1/20 of the diameter of the corresponding end. In oak timber, the simultaneous presence of both rots is allowed in the standards established in Table. 3.

1.10. Timber intended for sawing, planing and peeling is produced unbarked; Peeling of the bark is allowed. In 1st grade timber for peeling, bark stripping should not exceed 15% total area assortment.

1.11. Split pulpwood must be debarked. Areas of bark and phloem are allowed, occupying no more than 20% of the surface.

1.12. Pulpwood and timber used in round form can be either bark or debarked.

1.13. Timber products that are not resistant to browning must be presented for transportation by rail and water (in ships and barges) in bark. The ends of such timber (except for pulpwood) must be covered with moisture-proof putties.

1.14. The bevel of the cut is allowed within the length allowance provided that its minimum value is maintained. In balance sheets, the bevel of the cut is not standardized. Peaks formed when felling trees, root paws and growths must be sawed off. Canopies in timber for the production of lumber (except for aircraft and resonant ones) and in balance sheets (except for balance sheets for wood pulp) are allowed. The branches must be cut (chopped off) flush with the surface of the unbarked log. Knots no more than 2 cm high from the surface of an unbarked log are allowed.

1.13, 1.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.15. Foreign inclusions detected during visual inspection of timber must be removed.

1.16. Timber must be sorted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2292.

1.17. Marking of round timber - according to GOST 2292.

1.18. Bunching of round timber - according to GOST 2292.

1.19. The species, length, thickness and grade of timber must be indicated in the consumer specification.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Rules for acceptance and accounting of timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.3.

3. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

3.1. Measuring dimensions and determining the volume of timber - according to GOST 2292.

3.2. Definition, classification and methods of measuring wood defects - according to GOST 2140.

3.3. To determine the quality of timber when accepting it, it is allowed to selectively trim the ends to an amount of no more than a length allowance of 1-2% of the received raw material and (or) remove the bark.

3.4. The height of the remaining branches is measured in centimeters without taking into account the height of the piecing bead.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Transportation of timber - according to GOST 2292.

4.2. Storage of timber - in accordance with GOST 9014.0, GOST 9014.1, GOST 9014.2 and GOST 9014.3.

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

DEVELOPERS YU.V. Pikalkin; M.V. Akindinov; P.M. Anisimov, Ph.D. agricultural sciences; IN AND. Belov; IN AND. Dubrovin, Ph.D. econ. sciences; G.I. Zakharyin, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.V. Kisly, Ph.D. tech. sciences; N.I. Kozhukhov, Doctor of Economics. sciences; B.C. Leonov; E.D. Mayev, Ph.D. tech. Sciences: N.Ya. Matveev; OK. Molotkov, Ph.D. biol. sciences; B.C. Ozirsky; N.I. Skrobova, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.V. Smirnov; N.V. Shvedov; E.A. Shishkin, Ph.D. tech. sciences; R.V. Yurkin, Ph.D. econ. sciences

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated April 21, 1988 No. 33

3. The standard contains all the requirements of ST SEV 1144-78, ST SEV 4187-83.

4. INSTEAD GOST 9462-71

5. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

6. The validity period limit under Protocol No. 4 - 93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94) has been lifted.

7. REISSUE (January 1999) with Change No. 1, approved in March 1990 (IUS 7-90)

GOST 9462 - 71. Round hardwood timber. Dimensions and technical requirements

Groups of purpose of timber and requirements for sizes and grades

The new standard establishes three purpose groups: small with a thickness of 8 - 13 cm, medium - 14 - 24 cm and large - 26 cm or more.

Based on the quality of wood and processing defects, four grades have been established for round timber - 1, 2, 3 and 4.

A brief description of each variety is included in the construction of the standard.

1st grade timber make up a group highest quality and are designed to produce special high-quality products. The first grade requires 8 assortments, and in combination with other varieties - 20 assortments. The amount of harvested 1st grade wood is up to 12% of the total volume.

Timber 2nd grade designed for almost all harvested assortments from all hardwoods. This bulk is 24 in terms of the number of assortments, and up to 31% in terms of volume.

3rd grade timber are also included in most assortments (with the exception of the 1st grade) and account for 19 in quantity, and up to 47% in volume of harvested wood.

The volume of timber of 2nd and 3rd grades by volume is more than 78%.

table 2

Purpose of timber	Wood type	Wood type	Thickness, cm	Length, m	Length gradation, m
Timber for sawing and planing
1. For the production of lumber:
aviation	Oak, ash, beech and birch	1	26 or more	Not less than 2.00	0,50
aviation	Linden	1	22 "	" 2,00	0,10
resonant	Sycamore	1; 2	28"	" 1,00	0,50
	Hornbeam and maple	1; 2	18 "	" 1,00	0,50
	Birch	1; 2	18 "	" 3,00	0,50
	Beech	1; 2	26 "	" 3,00	0,50
pencils for mechanical engineering, construction, furniture and other purposes	Linden	1; 2; 3	20 "	" 2,00	0,50
	All species except oak, beech, ash and maple	1; 2; 3; 4	14 "	" 3,00	0,50
	Oak, beech, ash and maple	1; 2; 3; 4	14 "	" 1,00	0,10
2. To produce blanks:
for skis	Birch	1	16 "	" 1,50	-
	Birch, maple, elm, beech and ash	1; 2	16 "	2,00 - 2,40	0,10
	Hornbeam	1	20 "	2,00 - 2,40	0,10
for boxes	Birch	1	22 "	0.50; 0.55; 0.65; 0.75; 1.05; 1.10; 1.20; 1.30; 1.50; 1.90; 2.00; 2.10 and multiples	-
for boxes	Beech	1	22 or more	0.50; 0.55; 0.65; 0.75; 1.10; 1.30 and multiples	-
for last sectors (for shoe lasts)	Hornbeam, birch and beech	1; 2	34 "	0.50 - 0.85 and multiples	0,05
for bobbins	Birch, maple, beech and hornbeam	2; 3	14 or more	Not less than 1.00	1,00
for reels	Birch, maple, beech and hornbeam	2; 3; 4	16 "	" 1,00	1,00
for heels	Birch, beech and linden	3; 4	18 "	" 1,00	1,00
for shuttles	Birch, beech and hornbeam	1; 2	26 "	" 1,00	0,10
for wine and beer barrels	Oak	1; 2	26 "	" 0,60	0,10
for filler barrel containers	Birch, aspen, poplar, beech, linden and willow	2; 3	14 "	" 0,60	0,10
for dry barrels and box containers	Birch, aspen, poplar, alder, linden and willow	3; 4	12 "	" 0,60	0,10
for oars	Beech and ash	1	18 "	3,00 - 5,50	0,10
for dentures	Linden	1	16 "	Not less than 2.00	0,10
for parts of horse-drawn cart wheels	Oak, ash, beech, hornbeam, birch, birch bark, elm, elm, white acacia, maple and aspen	1; 2	20 "	" 0,60	0,10
3. For railway sleepers:
broad gauge	Birch	3; 4	26 "	2,75; 5,50	-
narrow gauge	Birch	3; 4	20 "	1,30; 1,50; 1,80	-
4. For railway transfer bars:
broad gauge	Birch	3; 4	26 or more	3,00 - 5,50	0,25
narrow gauge	Birch	3; 4	20 "	1,50; 1,65; 1,80 - 3,20; 3,50	0,20
5. For wooden shipbuilding	Oak and ash	1; 2; 3	18 "	2,50 - 8,50	0,10
6. For the production of sliced veneer	Maple, hornbeam, walnut, chestnut, plane tree, velvet, pear, apple, cherry, white acacia and linden	1; 2	22 or more	Not less than 1.50	0,10
6. For the production of sliced veneer	Oak, ash, elm, elm, birch bark, beech, birch, alder, poplar, dimorphant, mulberry and zelkova	1; 2	26 "	1,50	0,10
Timber for peeling
7. To produce peeled veneer:
general purpose	Oak, maple, ash, birch, elm, beech, hornbeam, alder, aspen, poplar and linden	1; 2; 3	16 or more	1.30; 1.60 and multiples	-
general purpose	Same	1; 2; 3	18 "	1.91; 2, 23; 2.54 and multiples	-
aviation	Birch	1	18 "	1,30; 1,60; 3,20	-
8. For the production of battery veneer	Alder	1; 2	16 "	1.30; 1.60 and multiples	-
9. For the production of matches	Aspen, poplar, linden and alder	1; 2; 3	16 "	Not less than 2.00	0,10
Timber for cellulose and wood pulp (pulpwood)
10. For cellulose for chemical processing	Birch and aspen	1	14 - 18	1.20; 1.50 and multiples	-
10. For cellulose for chemical processing	Same	2	12 - 24	1.20; 1.50 and multiples	-
11. For sulfate, sulfite pulp, bisulfite, neutral-sulfite semi-cellulose and chemical wood pulp	Birch, aspen, poplar, alder, beech and hornbeam	2; 3	8 - 24		-
	Same	4	14 - 24	0.75; 1.00; 1.10; 1.20; 1.25 and multiples	-
12. For wood pulp	Poplar and aspen	1	14 - 18	1.20; 1.50 and multiples	-
12. For wood pulp	Same	2	8 - 24	1.20; 1.50 and multiples	-
Timber for round use
13. For auxiliary temporary buildings for various purposes:
shop assistant	All breeds	2; 3	8 - 11	Not less than 3.00	0,25
construction logs	Same	2; 3	12 - 24	4, 00 - 6,50	0,50

4th grade timber make up up to 10% of the volume and are suitable for eight assortments.

Depending on the purpose and use of timber, wood species, grades and sizes are indicated in the table. 2.

Allowances and tolerances

Deciduous timber that is not subject to cutting into logs must have an allowance along the length of the assortment for longitudinal sawing and planing from 3 to 6 cm and for peeling from 2 to 3 cm. Timber that is subject to subsequent cutting along the length must have an allowance of 3 cm for each churak, while the total length of the ridge may have a maximum deviation of ±2 cm. For timber used in round form, an allowance in length is set from 1 to 3 cm. For balance sheets supplied in churaks, a deviation in length of ±2 cm is allowed.

The quality of timber timber by grade must meet the requirements specified in Table. 3.

Table 3

Defects of wood according to GOST 2140 - 71	Norms of wood defects for varieties
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
1. Bitches and stepson:
a) all varieties, with the exception of tobacco and overgrown	-	Allowed in small timber
	In medium and large timber: not taken into account by size, mm:
	no more than 10	20	30	allowed
	In medium timber:
	not allowed
		30	60	allowed
		on average more than 4 pcs. for 1 linear m length
	In large timber
	not allowed	not allowed size, mm, more		allowed
		50	80
		in an average quantity of more than 4 pieces, per 1 linear. m length
		In timber with a thickness of 30 cm or more, the following are taken into account:
		not allowed size, mm, more than 100	All sizes allowed
		in quantity no more than 1 piece. for every 2 m of length, counting from the top end
b) tobacco	Not allowed		In timber with a thickness of 14 cm or more, no more than the following are allowed, including those taken into account by size, mm:
			40	70
			no more than 2 pcs. for 1 linear m length
c) overgrown	In birch timber, edges with an angle between the whiskers of 120° or more are allowed; in timber of other species, wound spots (blind spots) are allowed, covering overgrown knots, without sagging and stretched across the axis of the trunk, while the transverse diameter of the spot should be more longitudinal: in beech, hornbeam, linden, alder, aspen and poplar timber - 2 times and more and in oak, maple and ash timber - 3 times or more	Allowed
d) stepson	Not allowed		Allowed
2. Fungal infections:
a) mushroom core spots and stripes	In small and medium-sized timber, more than 1/3 is not allowed, and in timber with a thickness of 26 cm or more, 1/2
b) kernel rot (including false kernel rot at any stage of its development)	Not allowed in small timber
	In medium-sized timber it is not allowed more than:
	1 / 10	1 / 10	1 / 4	1 / 3
	diameter of the corresponding end with the exit end
	In timber with a thickness of 26 to 38 cm, more than:
	1 / 4	1 / 4	1 / 3	1 / 3
				the diameter of the corresponding end with an exit to one end, and in timber up to 3 m long - 1/2 of the diameter of the corresponding end with an exit to the second end, no more than 1/4 of its diameter
	In timber with a thickness of more than 38 cm, more than:
	1 / 3	1 / 3	1 / 2	1 / 2
	diameter of the corresponding end with exit to one end			diameter of the corresponding end with access to the second end not exceeding 1/4 of its diameter
c) sapwood mushroom stains (blue and colored sapwood stains)	Allowed in individual spots and stripes with a depth but a radius of no more than 1/10 of the diameter of the end			Allowed
d) browning	The end face is allowed in sizes from the end surface to 10 mm; lateral is not allowed		Allowed without white spots or discolorations	Allowed
e) sapwood rot: in sound rocks	Not allowed		Allowed in ridges 20 cm thick and whiter in size up to 1/10 of the diameter of the corresponding end; allowed in oak ridges
in sapwood	Not allowed
e) external rotten rot	Not allowed
3. Wormhole	Superficial is allowed
	Deep and shallow are not allowed		Shallow and deep up to
			5	10
			holes on average per 1 m length
I. Cracks:
a) all varieties, except external side and end ones from shrinkage	Allowed to fit into a circle or strip inscribed in the end (core notch) with a size of no more than:			Allowed
	1 / 3	1 / 3	1 / 2
	diameter of the corresponding end
b) external side from shrinkage	Depths greater than:
	1 / 20	1 / 20	1 / 5	1 / 5
	diameter of the corresponding end
c) end ones from shrinkage	It is not allowed to extend along the length of the assortment more than:
	established log allowance		diameter of the top end of the log
5. Curvature:
a) simple	It is not allowed with the ratio of the deflection arrow to the length of curvature along the length of the assortment at the place of greatest curvature, %, more than:
	in timber up to 24 cm thick
	1	1	2	3
	in timber with a thickness of 26 cm or more
	2	2	3	5
b) difficult	Allowed in the amount of half the norm of simple curvature
6. Angle of fibers	It is not allowed if the fibers deviate from the straight direction on one meter of log length by more than:		Allowed
	1 / 3	1 / 2
	top diameter
7. Double core	Not allowed		Allowed
8. Notch (notch), flake, chip, tear-out, gash, open sprout, dry side and cancer	Not allowed with a depth of more than 1/10 of the diameter at the damage site			Allowed

Note. Defects of wood according to GOST 2140 - 71, not listed in the table. 3. are allowed.

Wood quality requirements

When determining the quality and grade of wood, due to the specific conditions of its consumption, in addition to the general ones, additional quality requirements for certain assortments must be taken into account.

1. In timber for sawing (sawn logs) for all purposes, lateral cracks from shrinkage, mechanical damage, sprouting and dry sides are allowed, located in the strip of the core cutting or in the area of the circle inscribed at the end, the size in grades 1 and 2 is 1/3, and in the 3rd grade 1/2 the diameter of the corresponding end.

Timber for aircraft and resonant lumber, sliced veneer, blanks for skis, stocks and for wine and beer barrels can be supplied in a combined form according to the thickness of the assortment.

It is allowed to supply logs for the production of resonant lumber and sectors of shoe lasts in a combined form but assortment length. In this case, the part that meets the standard requirements for these assortments must be at least half the length of the ridge, but not less than 1 m in sycamore and 1.5 m in hornbeam and maple assortments for resonant lumber.

When supplied in combined form, some of the wood may not meet the requirements of this standard for the specified assortments. In timber for the production of resonant lumber and sectors for shoe lasts, quality wood must be at least 0.7 of the total length, but not less than 0.5 of the total volume, and in churaks at least 0.5 of the circumference. Both parts are accounted for separately in both cases.

The supply of timber for sawing less than 3 m in length is permitted only to enterprises equipped with equipment for sawing timber of this length.

2. In timber for the production of aviation lumber, the aviation zone must be along the entire length of the timber with a width of at least 5 cm along the radius of the upper end and at least 1/2 of the circumference of the end. The number of annual layers per 1 cm radius in oak and ash timber should be from 1 to 10, in birch and beech timber - from 1 to 15. In the aviation zone, any knots, blue stains and colored sapwood spots are not allowed.

3. In resonant timber, the zone free from false kernels must be at least 13 cm.

4. In timber for railway sleepers, a segment of sound wood must be at least 22 cm thick (for wide gauge) and 14 cm (for narrow gauge) over the entire length of the log. Curvature is allowed up to 3%, knots with a diameter of up to 140 mm. For transfer beams, heart rot and browning are not allowed.

False core is allowed no more than 1/3 of the end diameter.

5. In timber for the production of ski blanks in ridges 20 cm thick or more, the false core should not exceed 1/2, core rot in ridges of the 1st grade - 1/4 of the end diameter, and in ridges of the 2nd grade - 1/3 end diameter with access to both ends. 2nd grade timber with a diameter of 16 - 24 cm may have overgrown knots in an amount of no more than 4 pieces. for 1 linear m in length and open knots (except tobacco) with a diameter of no more than 30 mm are included in the number of overgrown knots taken into account.

For stock blanks, the area of timber timber free from false kernels must be at least 9 cm, and for the production of sectors of shoe lasts - 17 cm, for blanks of beer and wine barrels - 10 cm. In timber for jellied barrel containers, open knots are allowed no more than 30 in size mm up to 2 pcs. for 1 linear m length.

6. In timber for peeling, closed growth, cracks, double core and core rot are allowed outside the peeling zone, which must be at least 4 cm in radius from the inner part of the bark to the center. The diameter of core rot in absolute size should not be more than 10 cm.

In the 1st grade of timber for plywood, open knots and mechanical damage are not allowed: in the 3rd grade of timber, open knots with a diameter of more than 70 mm and stepson are not allowed. The area of wood free from false kernels in grades 1 and 2 must be at least 5 cm.

Timber for peeling, supplied as an alloy in a combined length, may have a substandard part, provided that at least two logs emerge from the ridge. The number of knots in timber for peeling, supplied in multiple sizes, is determined taking into account the single length of the block.

7. Parts of charred wood are not allowed in timber for pulpwood. In pulpwood processed by sulfite methods, for chemical processing and wood pulp, heartwood and sapwood rot are not allowed. Cracks and mechanical damage are allowed. Pulpwood of all grades can be supplied split, where the thickness along the split should not be less than 30 mm, and along the outer circumference 50 mm. The number of crushed pulpwood with a split thickness of 30 mm in a batch should not exceed 10%.

Rot in crushed pulpwood is not allowed.

8. Rot and tobacco knots are not allowed in timber used in round form.

9. To processing and appearance The standard provides the following requirements:

timber for sawing, planing and peeling is supplied unbarked, peeling of bark is allowed; in 1st grade timber for plywood, stripping of bark should not exceed 15% of the total area of the assortment;

chopped pulpwood is supplied only debarked;

branches on timber must be cut (chopped off) flush with the surface of the unbarked log, while the cut can be flat, the peaks and root paws must be trimmed off; the bevel of the cut should not exceed 1/10 of the diameter of the end; Labeling, sorting, measuring, accounting and acceptance of timber is carried out in accordance with GOST 2292 - 73, and storage - in accordance with GOST 9014 - 59.

This standard, approved by Decree of the USSR State Standard of April 21, 1988 N 33, applies to round timber made from deciduous wood intended for use in construction and various industries.

1. Dimensions and technical requirements

1.1 Based on the quality of the wood, timber of 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades is harvested.

1.3 Depending on the purpose of round timber, their size, grade and species must correspond to those presented in table 2.

1.4 For the production of lumber on a milling and sawing unit, saw logs with a thickness of 12 cm are allowed.

1.5 For the production of semi-cellulose and pulp, upon agreement with the consumer, pulpwood from the top part of the whip is allowed; their length can range from 0.75 to 6.5 m.

1.6 Timber for use in round form, planing, longitudinal sawing, as well as match logs and pulpwood have a length allowance of 0.03 to 0.05 m; timber for peeling (with the exception of match logs) - from 0.02 to 0.05 m per block. The actual length of a ridge or log with a length of 2 m and above may be 0.05 m longer than the nominal length including allowance.
There is no length allowance for balances in churaks. The value of the maximum deviation along the length of the balances is +-0.02 m.

1.7 Timber must be of quality that meets the requirements given in table 3

1.8 Depending on its purpose, round timber must meet additional requirements given in table 4.

1.9 If there is simultaneous presence of heartwood and sapwood rot in timber belonging to the 3-gm grade, sapwood rot is allowed, the depth of which along the radius is no more than 1/20 of the end diameter. For oak timber, the presence of both rots at the same time is allowed, in accordance with the standards specified in table 3.

1.10 Peeling and planing timber intended for sawing is produced unbarked; peeling of bark is allowed. In timber for peeling of the 1st grade, the peeling of bark should be no more than 15% of the total area of the assortment.

1.11 Split pulpwood is produced debarked. Areas of bast and bark are allowed, which can occupy no more than 20% of the surface.

1.12 Timber used in round form. and balances can be either debarked or in the bark.

1.13 Timber products that are not resistant to browning are presented for transportation by water (in barges and ships) and by rail in the cortex. The ends of these timber products (excluding pulpwood) must be covered with moisture-proof putties.

1.14 A bevel of the cut is allowed within the length allowance if its minimum value is maintained. The bevel of the cut is not standardized in balance sheets.
Root paws, growths, peaks that form when felling trees must be sawed off. In timber for the production of lumber (except for resonant and aviation) and in balance sheets (in addition to balance sheets for wood pulp), visors are allowed.
The branches should be cut flush with the surface of the unbarked log. The presence of knots with a height not exceeding 2 cm from the surface of the unbarked log is acceptable.

1.15 Existing foreign inclusions in timber, detected during visual inspection, must be removed.

1.16 Timber is sorted in accordance with the requirements established by GOST 2292.

1.17 Marking of round timber is carried out in accordance with GOST 2292.

1.18 Bunching of round timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.

1.19 The species, grade, thickness and length of timber are indicated in the consumer specification.

2. Acceptance

2.1 Accounting and rules for acceptance of timber are regulated by GOST 2292.

3.Measurement methods

3.1 Measurement of linear dimensions and determination of volumes of timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.

3.2 Definition, methods of measurement and classification of wood defects - according to GOST 2140.

3.3 When determining the quality of timber during acceptance, selective removal of bark and/or trimming of the ends may be carried out to an amount not exceeding the length allowance for 1-2% of the received raw material.

3.4 The height of the remaining branches is measured in centimeters, not taking into account the height of the piecing bead.

4. Transportation and storage

4.1 Transportation of round timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.

4.2 Storage of round timber - in accordance with GOST 9014.0, GOST 9014.1, GOST 9014.2 and GOST 9014.3.

Approved and put into effect
Decree of the State Standard of the USSR
dated April 21, 1988 N 33

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

ROUND HARDWOOD TIMBER

Specifications

Date of introduction: 01/01/91

INFORMATION DATA

1. Developed and introduced by the USSR State Committee for Standards.

2. Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated April 21, 1988 N 33.

3. The standard contains all the requirements of ST SEV 1144-78, ST SEV 4187-83.

4. Instead of GOST 9462-71.

5. Reference regulatory and technical documents:

Designation of the referenced technical document	Item number
GOST 862.1-85	1.3
GOST 862.2-85	1.3
GOST 862.3-86	1.3
GOST 862.4-87	1.3
GOST 2140-81	1.7, 3.2
GOST 2292-88	1.16 - 1.18, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
GOST 9014.0-75	4.2
GOST 9014.1-78	4.2
GOST 9014.2-79	4.2
GOST 9014.3-81	4.2

6. The validity period limit under Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94) has been lifted.

7. Reissue (January 1999) with Change No. 1, approved in March 1990 (IUS 7-90).

This standard applies to round hardwood timber intended for use in various industries and construction.

1. DIMENSIONS AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Depending on the quality of the wood, timber is harvested of grades 1, 2 and 3.

1.2. Groups of timber by thickness are established according to table. 1.

Table 1

1.3. Depending on the purpose of round timber, their dimensions, species and grade must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.

table 2

Purpose of timber	OKP code	Wood type	Variety	Thickness, cm	Length, m	Length gradation, m
Timber for sawing and planing
1. For the production of lumber and blanks
a) general purpose	From 531113 to 531118	All species except oak, beech, ash, elm, maple, hornbeam	1,2,3	14 or more	2,0-6,0	0,25
	From 531123 to 531125	Oak, beech, ash, elm, maple, hornbeam	1,2,3	14 or more	1,0-6,0	0,1
b) for skis	531012	Birch	1	16 or more	1,5	-
		Birch, maple, elm, beech, ash, hornbeam	1	16 or more	2,0-2,4	0,1
d) for strong wine and beer barrels	531149	Oak	1	26 or more	Not less than 0.6	0,1
e) for riveting jellied barrels	531149		1, 2	14 or more	Not less than 0.6	0,1
f) for riveting dry barrels and box parts	531149	Birch, aspen, poplar, alder, linden and willow	2, 3	12 or more	Not less than 0.6	0,1
g) for oars	531114, 531115	Beech and ash	1	18 and over	3,0-5,5	0,1
h) for dentures	531117	Linden	1	16 or more	Not less than 2.0	0,1
2. For the production of railway sleepers:	531136
a) broad gauge		Birch	2, 3	26 or more	2,75; 5,5	-
b) narrow gauge		Birch	2, 3	20 or more	1,3; 1,5; 1,8	-
3. To produce transfer bars for railways:	531136
a) broad gauge		Birch	2, 3	26 or more	3,0-5,5	0,25
b) narrow gauge		Birch	2, 3	20 or more	1,5; 1,65; 1,8-3,2; 3,5	- 0,2 -
4. For the production of sliced veneer	531219	All breeds	1, 2	24 or more	Not less than 1.5	0,1
Timber for peeling
5. For the production of peeled veneer	531219	Oak, maple, ash, birch, elm, beech, hornbeam, alder, aspen, poplar and linden	1,2	16 or more	1.3; 1.6 and their multiples
		Same	1,2	18 and over	1.91; 2.23; 2.54 and their multiples
6. For the production of matches	531229	Aspen, poplar, linden, alder	1,2	16 or more	Not less than 2.0
Timber for the production of cellulose and wood pulp (pulpwood)
7. For cellulose for chemical processing	531312	Birch, poplar and aspen	1	10-24	1.2; 1.5; 2.0 and their multiples	-
For white wood pulp	531312	Poplar, aspen	1	10-24	1.2; 1.5; 2.0 and their multiples	-
8. For sulfite and bisulfite pulp	531312	Birch, aspen, poplar, alder	1,2	6-18		-
9. For bleached kraft pulp	531312	Birch, aspen, poplar, alder	1,2	6-24	0.75; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.25; 2.0 and their multiples	-
			3	6-40	0.75; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.25; 2.0 and their multiples	-
10. For sulfate unbleached pulp, soda, bisulfite and neutral sulfite semi-cellulose, refiner wood pulp (RDM), thermomechanical pulp (TMM), chemical thermomechanical pulp (CTMP)	531312	All breeds	1,2	6-24	0.75; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.25; 2.0 and their multiples	-
			3	6-40	0.75; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.25; 2.0 and their multiples	-
Timber for round use
11. For construction	531442	All breeds	2	12-24	4,0-6,5	0,5
12. For auxiliary and temporary buildings for various purposes (podtovarnik)	531442	All breeds	2	8-11	Not less than 3.00	0,25

Notes:

1. Requirements for timber for the production of aviation and resonant lumber (blanks) are established by the consumer, and their quality level must be at least 1st grade.

2. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to produce assortments in a combined form in length (thickness), while the quality and dimensions of all assortments contained in a combined log (ridge) must meet the requirements established in the relevant regulatory and technical documents (NTD) for these assortments.

3. For the manufacture of parquet planks in accordance with GOST 862.1, GOST 862.2, GOST 862.3 and GOST 862.4, soft hardwood sawlogs (aspen, alder, etc.) are not allowed.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.4. For the production of lumber on milling and sawing units, saw logs with a thickness of 12 cm are allowed.

1.5. For the production of cellulose and semi-cellulose, upon agreement with the consumer, pulpwood of any length from 0.75 to 6.5 m, produced from the top part of the whip, is allowed.

1.6. Timber for longitudinal sawing, planing, use in round form, as well as pulpwood and match logs must have a length allowance of 0.03 to 0.05 m; for peeling, with the exception of match logs, from 0.02 to 0.05 m for each block. In this case, the actual length of a log or ridge with a length of 2 m or more may be 0.05 m longer than the nominal length, together with the allowance. For balances in churaks, no length allowance is set. Maximum deviation along the length of balances is ±0.02 m.

1.7. The quality of timber must meet the requirements specified in table. 3.

Table 3

1. Bitches and stepsons:

Wood defect according to GOST 2140	Norm for limiting wood defects for varieties
Wood defect according to GOST 2140	1st	2nd	3rd

a) all varieties, with the exception of tobacco knots	Not allowed in small materials
	In medium and large timber, the following are allowed in diameter, cm, no more than:		Allowed
	3	7
b) tobacco	Not allowed	Allowed diameter, cm, no more than:
		4	7
2. Fungal infections
a) heart rot and hollow	Not allowed in small timber
	It is allowed to fit into a strip (cutout) inscribed in the end with a size of no more than:
	in medium timber:
	1/10	1/3	1/3

	in timber with a thickness of 26 to 38 cm
	1/4	1/3	1/3
	diameter of the corresponding end with exit to one end		the diameter of the corresponding end with an exit to one end; in timber up to 3 m long - 1/2 of the diameter of the corresponding end with an exit to the second end of no more than 1/4 of its diameter
	in timber with a thickness of 40 cm or more
	1/3	1/2	1/2
	diameter of the corresponding end with exit to one end		diameter of the corresponding end with access to the second end not exceeding 1/4 of its diameter
b) browning	Not allowed	Allowed without white spots or discolorations	Allowed
c) sapwood rot	Not allowed	Allowed radius depth no more than 1/10
d) external rotten rot	Not allowed
3. Wormhole	Not allowed	Allowed
a) all varieties, except side and end ones from shrinkage	Allowed to fit into an end, circle or strip with a size of no more than		Allowed
	1/3	1/2
	diameter of the corresponding end
b) lateral from shrinkage
	1/20	1/5	1/5
	diameter of the corresponding end
c) end ones from shrinkage	Allowed depth is no more than:
	established allowance	top diameter
5.Curvature
a) simple	Allowed with the ratio of the deflection at the point of greatest curvature to the length of the assortment in percent, no more than: in timber 24 cm thick:
	1	2	3
	in timber up to 26 cm thick and more:
	2	3	5
b) difficult	Allowed in the amount of half the norm of simple curvature
6. Mechanical damage (notch, gash, chip, flake, tear), as well as open sprouting, dry side and cancer	Allowed with a depth of no more than the sum of 1/10 of the diameter of the upper end and half the difference in the diameters of the log at the site of damage and the upper end		Allowed

Note. Defects of wood according to GOST 2140, not listed in the table. 3 are allowed.

1.8. Depending on the purpose, round timber must meet additional requirements specified in table. 4.

Table 4

Purpose of timber	Additional requirement
Timber for sawing
1. For production:
a) lumber and blanks for all purposes	Lateral cracks from shrinkage, mechanical damage, sprouting and dry-sidedness are allowed, located in a strip corresponding to the dimensions indicated in the table. 3, subparagraph 4a; in the 2nd grade, knots no larger than 10 cm in size are allowed
b) rivets of filler barrels	Knots in 2nd grade timber are allowed no larger than 3 cm in size
c) railroad sleepers	Open growth, dry side, and rot are allowed if there is a segment of healthy wood along the entire length of the log with a height of 22 cm (for wide gauge sleepers) and 14 cm (for narrow gauge sleepers) with one sleeper yielding for each single dimension of the length of the timber
d) transfer bars for broad gauge railways	Core rot, tobacco knots and browning are not allowed. False core is allowed no more than 1/3 of the end diameter
e) blanks for skis	The lot must contain at least 1/3 of the volume of timber with overgrown knots, with an angle between the branches at the edges of 120 ° or more. False kernels are not allowed to be larger than 0.5 end diameter in timber up to 26 cm thick and 0.6 end diameter in timber 26 cm thick or more. Core rot of no more than 1/3 of the end diameter is allowed, extending to both ends
g) resonant lumber and blanks	The area of wood free from false kernels must be at least 13 cm
Timber for peeling
2. For the production of peeled veneer	In birch timber of the 1st grade, overgrown knots with edges having an angle between the branches of 120 ° or more are allowed; in 1st grade timber of other species, wound spots are allowed, covering overgrown knots, without sagging and stretched across the axis of the trunk. In this case, the transverse diameter of the spot should be larger than the longitudinal one: in beech, hornbeam, linden, alder, aspen and poplar timber - twice or more; in oak, maple and ash timber - three times or more. Core rot and hollow are allowed no more than 10 cm in size in the central part of the end. Side cracks due to shrinkage are not allowed. Open and closed sprouts, mechanical damage, cracks (except for side shrinkage cracks), dry sides, cancer are allowed outside the peeling zone. The peeling zone must be at least 5 cm in the first grade and 4 cm in the second grade along the radius both from the inner surface of the bark to the center and from the center to the bark (outside the “pencil” zone. End cracks, including cracks from shrinkage, are allowed within the limits of a circle inscribed in the end with a size not exceeding that established in Table 3, subparagraph 4a. The curvature in blocks 16 and 18 cm thick should not exceed the standards of the 1st grade. Timber with a length of 1.30 and 1.60 m thick 16 cm and timber 1.91 m long or more with a diameter of 18 cm are allowed in quantities of no more than 10%
Timber for the production of cellulose and wood pulp
3. For balances	Charring is not allowed. Wormholes, cracks, mechanical damage are allowed. In balances for sulfate cellulose, knots of all types, stepson, open sprouting and dry sides are allowed. In pulp pulps for chemical processing, for sulfite and bisulfite unbleached cellulose and for white wood pulp, heart rot and tobacco knots are not allowed. In balance sheets of grades 1 and 2, curvature is allowed in a size of no more than 3%. Pulpwood may be supplied chopped, and their thickness along the split and along the outer circumference should not be less than 5 cm. For sulfate cellulose and bisulfite semi-cellulose, it is allowed to use wood raw materials with standards for limiting wood defects, agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer and established in the industry standard technical documentation. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce pulpwood up to 14 cm thick with the lengths established in timber for the production of general-purpose lumber. The maximum thickness of single-length balance beams (blocks) is not limited.
Timber for construction and supplies
4. Timber for construction and stock	Mushrooms (Table 3, subparagraph 2a) and tobacco knots are not allowed

1.7, 1.8. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.10. Timber intended for sawing, planing and peeling is produced unbarked; Peeling of the bark is allowed. In 1st grade timber for peeling, bark stripping should not exceed 15% of the total area of the assortment.

1.11. Split pulpwood must be debarked. Areas of bark and phloem are allowed, occupying no more than 20% of the surface.

1.12. Pulpwood and timber used in round form can be either bark or debarked.

1.13, 1.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.15. Foreign inclusions detected during visual inspection of timber must be removed.

1.16. Timber must be sorted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2292.

1.17. Marking of round timber - according to GOST 2292.

1.18. Bunching of round timber - according to GOST 2292.

1.19. The species, length, thickness and grade of timber must be indicated in the consumer specification.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Rules for acceptance and accounting of timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.3.

3. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

3.1. Measuring dimensions and determining the volume of timber - according to GOST 2292.

3.2. Definition, classification and methods of measuring wood defects - according to GOST 2140.

3.4. The height of the remaining branches is measured in centimeters without taking into account the height of the piecing bead.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Transportation of timber - according to GOST 2292.

4.2. Storage of timber - in accordance with GOST 9014.0, GOST 9014.1, GOST 9014.2 and GOST 9014.3.

Interstate standard GOST 9462-88
"Round hardwood timber. Technical specifications"
(approved by Decree of the USSR State Standard of April 21, 1988 N 33)

Round timber of broad-leaved species.

Instead of GOST 9462-71
Date of introduction: January 1, 1991
1. Dimensions and technical requirements
2. Acceptance
3.Measurement methods
4. Transportation and storage
This standard applies to round hardwood timber intended for use in various industries and construction.

1. Dimensions and technical requirements

1.1. Depending on the quality of the wood, timber is harvested of grades 1, 2 and 3.
1.2. Groups of timber by thickness are established according to table. 1.
Table 1

Group of timber Thickness, cm Gradation by
thickness, cm

Small From 6 to 13 incl. 1

Medium St. 14 " 24 " 2

Large From 26 and more 2

1.3. Depending on the purpose of round timber, their dimensions, species and grade must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.
table 2

Purpose OKP code Breed Variety Thickness, Length, m Gradation according
timber timber cm length, m

Timber for sawing and planing

1. For production
lumber and
blanks:

a) general purpose From All breeds, 1, 2, 3 14 and 2, 0-6, 0 0, 25
except oak, more
531113 beech, ash,
elm, maple,
to the hornbeam

From Oak, beech, 1, 2, 3 14 and 1, 0-6, 0 0, 1
ash, elm, more
531123 maple, hornbeam

b) for skis 531012 Birch Birch, 1 16 and 1, 5 -
maple, elm, more
beech, ash,
hornbeam 1 16 "2.0-2.4 0.1

c) for skis 531116 Birch 1 22 and 0.5; 0.55; 0.65; -
more than 0.75;
1, 05, 1, 1; 1, 2;
1, 3; 1, 5; 1, 9;
20; 2, 1 and
multiples of them

531114 Beech 1 22 and 0.5; 0.55; 0.65; -
more than 0.75;
eleven; 1, 3 and
multiples of them

d) for riveting wine and 531149 1 26 and more Not less than 0.1
beer barrels 0.6

e) for riveting jellied 531149 Oak 1, 2 14 and more Not less than 0, 1
barrels Birch, aspen, 0.6
That-

e) for riveting 531149 poly, beech, 2, 3 12 and more Not less than 0, 1
dry barrels and linden and willow 0.6
drawer parts Birch, aspen,
poplar, alder,
linden and

g) for oars 531114, willow 1 18 and more 3, 0-5, 5 0, 1
531115

h) for dentures 531117 Beech and ash 1 16 and more Not less than 0.1
2, 0

2. For making sleepers 531136
railways:

a) broad gauge Lipa 2, 3 26 and more 2, 75; 5, 5 -

b) narrow gauge Bereza 2, 3 20 and more 1, 3; 15; -
1, 8

3. For production
transfer bars 531136
railways:

a) broad gauge Bereza 2, 3 26 and more 3, 0-5, 5 0, 25

b) narrow gauge Bereza 2, 3 20 and more 1, 5; 1, 65 -

1, 8-3, 2 0, 2

4. For production 531219 All breeds 1, 2 24 and At least 1, 5 0, 1
sliced veneer more

Timber for peeling

5. For making 531219 Oak, maple, 1, 2 16 and 1, 3; 1, 6 and -
peeled veneer ash, birch, more multiples of them
elm, beech,
hornbeam, alder,
aspen, poplar
and linden

The same 1, 2 18 and 1, 91; 2, 23; 2, 54 -
more and multiples of them

6. For production 531229 Aspen, poplar, 1, 2 16 and At least 2, 0 0, 1
matches linden, alder more

Timber for the production of cellulose and wood pulp (pulpwood)

7. For cellulose for 531312 Birch, poplar 1 10-24 1, 2; 15; 2, 0 and -
chemical processing and aspen multiples of them

For white wood 531312 Poplar, aspen 1 10-24 1, 2; 15; 2, 0 and -
masses that are multiples of them

8. For sulfite and 531312 Birch, aspen, 1, 2 6-18 0, 75; 10; -
bisulfite cellulose poplar, alder 1, 1; 12;
1, 25; 2, 0 and
multiples of them

9. For sulfate 531312 Birch, aspen, 1, 2 6-24 0, 75; 10; -
bleached pulp poplar, alder 1, 1; 12;
1, 25; 2, 0 and
multiples of them

3 6-40 0, 75; 1, 0; -
1, 1; 1, 2;
1, 25; 2, 0 and
multiples of them

10. For sulfate 531312 1, 2 6-24 0, 75; 10; -
unbleached pulp, 1, 1; 12;
soda, bisulfite 1, 25; 2, 0 and
and neutral-sulfite multiples of them
semi-cellulose,
refinery wood 3 6-40 0.75; 10; -
masses (RDM), 1, 1; 12;
thermomechanical mass 1.25; 2, 0 and
(TMM), chemical multiples of them
thermomechanical mass
(HTMM)

Timber for round use

11. For construction 531442 All breeds 2 12-24 4, 0-6, 5 0, 5

12. For auxiliary 531442 All breeds
and temporary buildings
for various purposes All breeds 2 8 -11 Not less than 0.25
(podtovarnik) 3.00

Notes:
1. Requirements for timber for the production of aviation and resonant lumber (blanks)
are established by the consumer, and their quality level must be at least 1st grade.
2. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce assortments in a combined form according to length
(thickness), while the quality and dimensions of all assortments contained in the combined log
(ridge), must meet the requirements established in the relevant
normative and technical documents (NTD) for these assortments.
3. For the production of parquet planks according to GOST 862.1, GOST 862.2, GOST 862.3 and GOST 862.4
sawlogs of soft deciduous species (aspen, alder, etc.) are not allowed.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.4. For the production of lumber on milling and sawing units, saw logs with a thickness of 12 cm are allowed.
1.5. For the production of cellulose and semi-cellulose, upon agreement with the consumer, pulpwood of any length from 0.75 to 6.5 m, produced from the top part of the whip, is allowed.
1.6. Timber for longitudinal sawing, planing, use in round form, as well as pulpwood and match logs must have a length allowance of 0.03 to 0.05 m; for peeling, with the exception of match logs - from 0.02 to 0.05 m for each block. In this case, the actual length of a log or ridge with a length of 2 m or more may be 0.05 m longer than the nominal length, together with the allowance.
For balances in churaks, no length allowance is set. Maximum deviation along the length of balance sheets is +-0.02 m.
1.7. The quality of timber must meet the requirements specified in Table 3.
Table 3

Wood defect according to the Norm for limiting wood defects for varieties
GOST 2140

1st 2nd 3rd

1. Bitches and stepson:

Allowed in small timber

a) all In medium and large timber Allowed
varieties, permissible diameter, cm, not
except more:
tobacco knots

b) tobacco Not allowed Allowed diameter, cm, not
more:

2. Mushrooms
lesions: Not allowed in small timber

a) core rot and are allowed to fit into the inscribed end
hollow strip (tenderloin) no larger than:

In medium timber:

The diameter of the corresponding end with exit to one
end

In timber with a thickness of 26 to 38 cm:

end with exit
on one end; V
timber
up to 3 m long -
1/2 diameter
appropriate
end with exit
to the second end
no more than 1/4 of it
diameter

In timber with a thickness of 40 cm or more:

The diameter of the corresponding end with the diameter
exit to one end of the corresponding
end with exit
to the second end
no more than 1/4 of it
diameter

b) browning Not allowed Allowed without Allowed
white spots and
fading

c) sapwood rot Not allowed Allowed radial depth not
more than 1/10 diameter
the corresponding end

d) external Not allowed
rotten rot

3. Wormhole Not allowed Allowed
shallow and
deep

4. Cracks:

a) all Allowed within Allowed
varieties inscribed in the end of a circle or strip
except for the side ones and no larger than:
end from shrinkage

Diameter of the corresponding end

b) lateral from Allowed with a depth of no more than:
shrinkage

c) end ones from the diameter of the corresponding end
shrinkage Allowed depth no more than:

Set diameter of the upper end
allowance

5. Curvature:

a) simple Allowed with the deflection ratio in place
greatest curvature to the length of the assortment in
percent, no more:

In timber up to 24 cm thick:

In timber up to 26 cm thick and more:

b) complex Allowed in the amount of half the norm simple
curvature

6. Mechanical Allowed depth no more than Allowed
damage (notch, amount 1/10 of the diameter of the upper end
washed down, chipped, flake, and half-differences in log diameters in
tear), as well as the place of damage and the upper end
open sprout
dry side and cancer

Note. Defects of wood according to GOST 2140, not listed in the table. 3,
are allowed.

1.8. Depending on the purpose, round timber must meet additional requirements specified in Table 4.
Table 4

Purpose Additional requirement
timber

Timber for sawing

1. For production:

a) lumber and side cracks from shrinkage are allowed,
workpieces of all mechanical damage, sprouting and
prescriptions dry side, located in the strip,
corresponding to the dimensions indicated in table 3,
subparagraph 4a; in 2nd grade knots are allowed
no more than 10 cm in size

b) jellied rivets Knots in 2nd grade timber are allowed
barrels no larger than 3 cm in size

c) railroad sleepers Open growth, dry sides,
rot if present along the entire length of the log segment
healthy wood 22 cm high (for sleepers
wide gauge) and 14 cm (for narrow gauge sleepers) with
output of one sleeper for each single size
timber lengths

d) transfer bars Core rot, tobacco knots and browning are not
wide railways are allowed. False core is allowed no more than
gauge 1/3 end diameter

e) blanks for skis The batch must contain at least 1/3 of the volume
timber with overgrown knots that have
at the eyebrows the angle between the mustaches is 120° or more. False
the core is not allowed larger than 0.5 diameter
end in timber up to 26 cm thick and 0.6
end diameter - in timber 26 cm thick
and more.
Core rot of no more than 1/3 in size is allowed
end diameter with access to both ends

g) resonant zone of wood free from false core,
lumber and must be at least 13 cm
blanks

Timber for peeling

2. For the production of 1st grade birch timber
peeled veneer, overgrown knots with edges having
the angle between the whiskers is 120° or more; in timber
1st grade of other breeds are allowed wound
spots covering overgrown knots, without sagging
and stretched across the axis of the trunk. Wherein
the transverse diameter of the spot should be more than
longitudinal: in beech, hornbeam,
linden, alder, aspen and poplar - two
times or more; in oak and maple timber
and ash trees - three times or more. Core rot and
hollows are allowed no more than 10 cm in size
the central part of the end. Side cracks from
shrinkage is not allowed. Open and closed
sprouts, mechanical damage, cracks
(except for lateral cracks, shrinkage), dry sides, cancer
allowed outside the peeling zone. Peeling zone
must be at least 5 cm in the first grade and 4 cm
- in the second grade along the radius as from the inner
surface of the cortex to the center, and from the center to
cortex (outside the “pencil” zone). End cracks, in
incl. cracks due to shrinkage, allowed within limits
inscribed at the end of a circle no larger than
established in table 3, subparagraph 4a.
Curvature in churak thicknesses of 16 and 18 cm should not
exceed the norms of the 1st grade.
Timber 1.30 and 1.60 m long 16
cm and timber with a length of 1.91 m or more
with a diameter of 18 cm are allowed in quantities not
more than 10%

Timber for the production of cellulose and wood pulp

3. For balance sheets, charring is not allowed.
Wormhole, cracks, mechanical damage
are allowed.
In the balances for kraft pulp, knots of all
varieties, stepson, open germination and
dry sides are allowed.
In pulp balances for chemical
processing, for sulfite and bisulfite
unbleached pulp and for white wood pulp
Heart rot and tobacco knots are not allowed.
In balance sheets of grades 1 and 2, curvature is allowed
size no more than 3%.
Pulps may be supplied crushed, if
this is their thickness along the split and along the outside
the circumference should not be less than 5 cm.
For sulphate pulp and bisulphite
semi-cellulose can be used
wood raw materials with standards for limiting defects
timber agreed between the supplier and
by the consumer and established in the industry normative and technical documentation.
By agreement with the consumer it is allowed
production of balance sheets up to 14 cm thick with
lengths established in timber for
production of general purpose lumber.
Maximum thickness of single length balances
(Churakov) is not limited.

Timber for round use

4 Timber for fungal infections (Table 3, subparagraph 2a) and
construction and tobacco knots are not allowed
shop assistant

1.7, 1.8. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
1.9. In case of simultaneous presence of sapwood and heart rot in 3rd grade timber, sapwood rot is allowed with a radial depth of no more than 1/20 of the diameter of the corresponding end. In oak timber, the simultaneous presence of both rots is allowed in the standards established in Table 3.
1.10. Timber intended for sawing, planing and peeling is produced unbarked; Peeling of the bark is allowed. In 1st grade timber for peeling, bark stripping should not exceed 15% of the total area of the assortment.
1.11. Split pulpwood must be debarked. Areas of bark and phloem are allowed, occupying no more than 20% of the surface.
1.12. Pulpwood and timber used in round form can be either bark or debarked.
1.13. Timber products that are not resistant to browning must be presented for transportation by rail and water (in ships and barges) in bark. The ends of such timber (except for pulpwood) must be covered with moisture-proof putties.
1.14. The bevel of the cut is allowed within the length allowance provided that its minimum value is maintained. In balance sheets, the bevel of the cut is not standardized.
Peaks formed when felling trees, root paws and growths must be sawed off. Canopies in timber for the production of lumber (except for aircraft and resonant ones) and in balance sheets (except for balance sheets for wood pulp) are allowed.
The branches must be cut (chopped off) flush with the surface of the unbarked log. Knots no more than 2 cm high from the surface of an unbarked log are allowed.
1.13, 1.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
1.15. Foreign inclusions detected during visual inspection of timber must be removed.
1.16. Timber must be sorted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2292.
1.17. Marking of round timber - according to GOST 2292.
1.18. Bunching of round timber - according to GOST 2292.
1.19. The species, length, thickness and grade of timber must be indicated in the consumer specification.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

2. Acceptance

2.1. Rules for acceptance and accounting of timber - in accordance with GOST 2292.

3.Measurement methods

3.1. Measuring dimensions and determining the volume of timber - according to GOST 2292.
3.2. Definition, classification and methods of measuring wood defects - according to GOST 2140.
3.3. To determine the quality of timber during acceptance, selective trimming of the ends is allowed to an amount not exceeding an allowance along the length of 1-2% of the received raw material and (or) removal of the bark.
3.4. The height of the remaining branches is measured in centimeters without taking into account the height of the piecing bead.