The world around us 1 where birds winter. Presentation - where birds winter
Presentation for the lesson the surrounding world, 1st grade educational complex “School of Russia” Author: Nikiforova Natalya Vasilievna, teacher primary classes MKOU "Gremyachenskaya secondary school" of Khokholsky district, Voronezh region
“Where do birds spend the winter?”
Sparrows, swifts, penguins, bullfinches, rooks, peacocks,
Parrots and tits:
In a word it is...
They fly past the side of the forest...
Come back, darlings! We'll wait in the spring.
WINTERING
MIGRATION
NOMADIC
They live with us in winter and summer
In autumn they fly to warmer climes
Fly from place to place in search of food
Do you know these birds?
Which ones fly south?
lark
martin
nuthatch
Guys, do you know why birds fly away into warm fields?
Birds do not fly away because of the cold weather,
and due to the lack of food, since insects disappear in the fall, there are fewer berries and plant seeds.
click on the question
lark
martin
Migratory birds
Wintering birds
Guys, do you know where birds winter?
The nesting and wintering sites and routes of most birds are constant and do not change over the years. In the spring they return to the same places where they hatched or nested.
last year.
click on the question
In the past, when bird flights had not yet been studied, there were many incredible fictions. For example, in the 18th century, one naturalist claimed that birds fly... to the moon. They seem to get there in 60 days and go into hibernation because they don’t find food.
Other scientists recognized that birds fly to distant lands. But they believed that not everyone flies on their own, but only the big and strong. The small and weak travel, sitting on the backs of the big ones. But swallows don’t seem to fly anywhere at all - they spend the winter under water,
buried in the mud.
It is now known: no matter how far away, no matter how far
The bird's path is difficult, they all fly on their own. They can only rely on their own wings, although they sometimes travel thousands of kilometers. Where do the birds fly?
Scientists have found that our little ones
Birds - swallows, swifts, common redstart, pied flycatcher and others - fly away not just anywhere, but to tropical Africa!
Before departure, many birds gather in flocks. Flocks can be different: from a dozen birds (for ducks) to tens of thousands (for starlings).
Cranes and geese fly in a wedge or at an angle, ducks fly in an oblique line or at an angle, lapwings and pelicans fly in a wide, stretched chain, and cormorants change formation in flight. Other birds fly in closed flocks.
Guys, how did scientists find out where migratory birds spend the winter?
Scientists learned about this through ringing. They put it on their paws
rings for birds. Each ring has its own number and address where the bird was ringed; when someone in other countries saw a ringed bird, he reported it. So scientists managed to find out where
birds winter.
click on the question
Bird ringing
Ornithologists- scientists who study the life and habits of birds
Thanks kids
Geese Sparrow Swift Bullfinch Penguin Rook Parrot Teacher
Martin Nightingale Starling Crane Lark Cuckoo Sparrow Goldfinch Tit Jay Bullfinch Woodpecker Bird flight Bird formation Banding 2 3 4 5 6
Ornithologists 2 3 4 5
Birds Wintering Birds
The drawing on slide 5 was scanned from a workbook on the world around us by A. Pleshakov, part 2
Internet sources
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Slide captions:
Lesson topic: “Where do birds winter?”
WINTERING
MIGRATION
FORECAST BIRDS Timely arrival of birds to a good grain harvest. If birds make nests on the sunny side of the trees, this means a cold summer. The swallow flies low and warns of rain.
Preview:
Lesson topic: “Where do birds winter?”
Lesson objectives: expand children's knowledge about birds wintering in our area; introduce
With migratory birds; teach to find relationships in nature and on this
Basic explanation of natural phenomena; form ideas about our
Scientific search, methods of work of ornithologists;
Development of students’ cognitive abilities, muscle independence
Laziness, creativity;
Cultivating a caring attitude towards birds.
Equipment: tables with the names of groups of birds (wintering, sedentary, nomadic, migratory); photographs of tit, starling, sparrow, swallow, heron, bullfinch; 15 envelopes of bird masks “Starling”, “Heron”; presentation “Where do birds winter?”
During the classes.
1. Organization of the start of the lesson.
2. Introductory speech from the teacher. The song "Voices of Birds" sounds.
How often do we watch birds in the sky, admire their flight and dream of being in their place. We even have such dreams. What an amazing feeling of flight, complete freedom. My heart jumps out of my chest, my breath stops! And then, alas, we wake up.
Oh birds! How many people have you given this happiness of feeling free? Maybe that’s why we glorify this miracle of nature in poems, paintings, and fairy tales.
Let’s try today, at least out of the corner of our eyes, with a piece of our soul, to look into the wonderful, mysterious, shrouded in mystery Kingdom of Birds.
3. Updating students' knowledge.
Remember which animals scientists classify as birds?
What are specialists who study bird life called?
What do you know about the life of birds? Where can they live? What do they eat?
Give examples of poultry.
IN different countries different birds live. Today we will talk about birds that live in the nature of the Lipetsk region. And there are more than 250 species of such birds.
4. Work in pairs. Task "Mosaic".
Let's see how well you know birds? In front of you is an envelope with cut-out pictures. You need to collect images of two birds and guess their names.
(1st row: tit, starling; 2nd row: sparrow, swallow; 3rd row: heron, bullfinch)
Students name and the teacher attaches photographs of these birds to the board.
5. Introduction to the topic. Setting educational objectives.
- Look how much different birds. Think about it: can all these birds get together in winter? Why?
- Today we’ll talk about where and how birds winter? Slide 1.
6. Work on new material.
6.1. Getting to know resident birds. Slide 2.
Guess the riddles:
I've been catching bugs all day
I eat worms.
I don’t fly to warm regions,
I live here under the roof.
Chick - tweet! Don't be timid
I'm experienced (sparrow).
Has been crackling since the morning
“Por-r-ra! Let's go!" What time is it?
She's such a hassle,
When it cracks (magpie).
In the forest to the sound of chirping, ringing and whistling
The forest telegraph operator knocks:
“Great, buddy blackbird!
And signs...( woodpecker).
What do these birds have in common? (They do not fly away to warmer regions for the winter. These are wintering birds.)
Such birds are called sedentary , since they settled in one place.
I will show photographs of still settled birds, and you tell us what you know about their life.
Tit. Slide 3.
They called her that because of the song: “Si-si.” In summer, birds live in the forest in flocks of 25 birds, feeding on insects. In winter, they fly to our houses for help, because the insects are hiding. On frosty nights, tits hide in hollows of trees, cracks in houses and sleep, huddled closely together and warming each other.
Nuthatch.
- It got its name for its ability to climb tree trunks upside down. But the most interesting thing is that the nuthatch stores food for the winter! Acorns, nuts, maple lionfish - everything is stuffed into cracks and crevices on the trunks. He works until December. Of course, in winter he will not find all the storehouses, but other birds will feed on the hidden seeds.
Crossbill.
- Believe it or not, there is a bird in the world that hatches its chicks in the bitter cold of winter. This bird is a crossbill. The bird hatches its chicks in winter, when there are many cones with mature seeds on coniferous trees. Chicks usually appear at the end of winter, in February.
Why do crossbills hatch chicks in winter?
Remember that it is not the cold that is terrible for birds, but hunger!
7. Physical education minute.
Hands raised and shook,
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken,
The wind blows away the dew.
To the side of the hand - wave it smoothly,
These are the birds flying towards us.
We'll also show you how they sit down.
The wings were folded back.
8. Work on new material (continued).
8.1. Meeting nomadic birds. Teacher's story.
Winter nature becomes even more elegant when beautiful birds fly to us from the northern forests. They arrive when food runs out in their native places. The less food, the earlier they arrive. These birds do not fly to warmer climes, but only constantly fly, that is wander from place to place in search of food.
Slide 4.
Handsome bullfinches keep in small flocks of 7-10 birds. Birds are trusting and sociable. If one of the flock falls into a trap, the rest rush to the rescue. It feeds on buds and berries, from which it selects seeds and discards the pulp.
Comes to us in winter tap dance . Can spend the night in the snow. Dives into the loose snow, digging a tunnel. Spends the night in comfort and safety, and calmly gets out in the morning. It feeds on plant seeds.
The next guest got his name from his melodious whistling.
Finally the waxwings
There were waxwings outside the window.
Through storms and snowstorms
We've arrived! We've arrived!
And having clung tightly to the mountain ash, they tear and swallow berry after berry. When you watch how a bird hastily picks and swallows berries frozen into a stone, you involuntarily feel goosebumps on your own back. The palm goes numb from a handful of frozen rowan, but the bird needs to warm up these icy pieces inside itself. To better understand what a waxwing’s winter meal is, imagine that in the cold and wind you need to swallow 8 kg of fruit ice cream in half a minute and wash it down with ice water.
This is how difficult it is for wintering birds. Of course, they can find their own food, but it will be better if you help them and make a feeder. The main thing is that there is always food in it and not covered with snow. After all, birds are afraid not of cold, but of hunger.
8.2. Introducing the exhibition of feeders.
8.3. Getting to know migratory birds.
Winter outside. Everything is white - white. All living nature was preparing to meet her. But do all the inhabitants of nature know what winter is? Let's listen to the conversation between the starling and the heron.
(Scene “Starling and Heron”).
Heron.
Hello, Skvorushka!
Starling.
Why are you so sad, Heron?
Heron.
Oh, my dear, my head hurts from the birds' chatter! They lie at every whistle. Some little siskin, striding importantly, chirped that after a warm summer there is a rainy autumn, and some plump little gray one chatted that there is winter and some bitter frost. Maybe it's true?
Starling.
Empty chatter! I have lived in the world for so many years, I have been to the north and south, but I have never seen winter.
Birds lie, there is neither a rainy autumn nor a cold winter on earth. It's the same summer everywhere.
Think about why birds claim that there is neither autumn nor winter on earth?
That’s right, they are migratory birds. They fly away in the winter and return in the spring. In warm regions they do not build nests and do not hatch chicks.
9. Physical education minute.
10. Work according to the textbook p. 77. Research work.
Look at the pictures and try to guess why many birds fly to warmer climes?
What helps birds determine when it is time to fly away? ( length of day).
eleven . Slide 5.
Look at photographs of migratory birds: rook, stork, cuckoo, thrush, ducks, geese.
12 . Work according to the textbook.
Look at the picture in the textbook on p. 76.
What other migratory birds can you name?
(Starling, nightingale, swallow, lark, chaffinch, crane.)
13. Teacher's story.
People have long asked themselves, where do the birds fly every autumn? In the past, when bird flights had not yet been studied, there were many incredible fictions. 300 years ago it was believed that birds fly to the moon, arriving in 60 days and hibernating because they do not find food. Others believed that birds fly to distant lands, but only the big and strong ones fly on their own, while the small and weak ones travel perched on the backs of the big ones. It is now known: no matter how far, no matter how difficult the bird’s path, they all fly on their own. They can only rely on their own wings, although they travel thousands of kilometers.
14. Slide 6. Video “Flight of birds”.
15. Teacher's story. Working with a map of the hemispheres.
Where do the birds fly? Scientists have found that swallows fly to Africa. Rooks - to France. And ducks winter in North America. And they learned this with the help of small rings that they put on the bird’s paw. Slide 7.
Each ring has its own number and the address where the bird was ringed. And when someone in other countries met this bird, he reported it.
16. Conversation-conclusion.
Why do birds fly to warmer regions?
And if it’s so warm and satisfying there, why do they come back?
Which bird flies home first?
No wonder the writer Nikolai Sladkov said that rooks bring spring on their wings.
17. Getting to know weather forecasting birds. Slide 7.
Many migratory birds can predict the weather. Let's read the signs in chorus.
18. Independent work in notebooks with 32 No. 1. Testing - work in pairs.
19. Consolidation.
What birds do we call wintering? Give examples of sedentary and nomadic people.
What birds do we call migratory?
19.1 Working with traffic lights.
I will read the text, if you notice a mistake, please signal.
I'm walking along winter forest. The drumming of a woodpecker is heard. The nightingale sings merrily. A loud “Kuk-ku” is heard. Magpies are chattering.
19.2. Game "Third Man". Slide 8.
20. Lesson summary.
Thanks for the work!
Take care and protect the birds, our little neighbors on the planet.
Slide 1
The world around us
Where do birds spend the winter?
Slide 2
Sparrows, swifts, penguins, bullfinches, rooks, peacocks, parrots and tits: In a word, this is...
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Where do birds spend the winter?
Slide 6
Let's get to know the birds that don't fly anywhere in the fall and spend the winter in our area. These are wintering birds.
In the fall, they develop a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, which helps them withstand cold and hunger.
Slide 7
Slide 8
Greater and lesser spotted woodpeckers are typical “doctors” of our forest. Woodpeckers really heal forests. The beak is a tool with which the woodpecker extracts insects from trunks or from under the bark. But no matter how long and strong the beak is, it cannot grab an insect. The bird's tongue helps remove the insect. The woodpecker's is long, sticky, with sharp and hard jagged edges. The woodpecker inserts its tongue into the hole made by its beak, glues the prey or pricks it onto a notch, and then pulls it out.
A huge number of bark beetles live in our forests. Just by the name you can understand what they eat. These beetles are the worst enemies of trees. Sometimes several thousand of them can accumulate on one tree. If the woodpecker does not arrive in time, the tree will die.
Slide 9
Woodpeckers make nests in hollows that they hollow out themselves. The male and female take turns hammering. The chicks are also hatched in turns. Woodpeckers hollow out hollows in trees with rotten centers. Woodpeckers do not cause any harm to healthy trees with such construction. After the woodpecker, other birds use this hollow, since the woodpecker does not settle in the same nest twice. Harsh times for woodpeckers are autumn and winter. Since there are no insects or they are hidden very deeply, woodpeckers switch to plant food. They shell cones and eat the seeds of other plants that can be found.
Slide 10
nuthatch
Slide 11
sparrow
Slide 12
tit
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Owls are very interesting birds. There are many legends, beliefs and fairy tales about them. Because of their unusual appearance, scary voice, silent flight and nocturnal lifestyle, people were afraid of these birds. The owl is often called the forest, or feathered, cat. Why? Both animals are nocturnal, see well in the dark and catch mice. The owl is the only bird in which both eyes are “on the face” rather than on the sides of the head. By turning its head, the owl can see its back, such is its neck. Owls' hearing is fifty times sharper than that of humans. An owl needs such hearing to find running mice under the snow. Scientists have calculated that one owl destroys an average of 1000-1200 mice per year. This means that she saves about a ton of bread, that is, as much as approximately 10-11 people eat in a year.
Slide 16
Let's get acquainted with the birds that fly to warmer regions for the winter. In the spring they return to us again. These are migratory birds.
Slide 17
starling
Slide 18
nightingale
Slide 19
The nightingale is the famous singer of our forests. This bird is modestly colored. It is brownish-brown-grayish in color with red spots, large dark eyes and long thin legs. The nightingale arrives to us late - in mid-May and begins to sing. The nightingale sings for a month and a half until it has chicks. You can hear nightingales again in the fall, when they gather in flocks. But these are no longer songs, but bird conversations before departure. Nightingales always fly away in the evening, and always arrive at night in the spring.
Slide 20
lark
Slide 21
martin
Slide 22
finch
Slide 23
And this is a finch. Its color is bright and elegant. The back is brownish, the breast is reddish, the head is gray-blue, black wings with white stripes, the beak is blue in spring and summer, and red in winter. It’s still chilly in the forest, but the bird is humming its song loudly. The finch makes its nest from twigs-blades of grass, lines the inside with down and feathers, and entangles the outside with hairs and pieces of bark. The result is a ball with an open top, camouflaged among the branches of a tree. A huge number of insect pests destroy the finch over the summer! Sometimes at the height of summer a finch will sit down and ruffle its feathers as if it were cold. Strange... But it turns out that a cloud is approaching. The finch guesses when it will rain. But why the bird was called a finch is not clear. Maybe because he is one of the first to arrive, when there is still slush outside and frosts are not uncommon. Maybe that’s why they gave this bird the name finch, because it flies in when it’s cold.
Slide 24
crane
Slide 25
The nesting and wintering sites and routes of most birds are constant and do not change over the years. In the spring they return to the same places where they hatched or nested last year.
Slide 26
Look at the pictures and try to guess why many birds fly to warm regions for the winter.
Slide 27
Birds fly away not because of the cold, but because of a lack of food, since insects disappear in the fall and there are fewer berries and plant seeds.
Slide 28
In the past, when bird flights had not yet been studied, there were many incredible fictions. For example, in the 18th century, one naturalist claimed that birds fly... to the moon. They seem to get there in 60 days and go into hibernation because they don’t find food. Other scientists recognized that birds fly to distant lands. But they believed that not everyone flies on their own, but only the big and strong. The small and weak travel, sitting on the backs of the big ones. But swallows don’t seem to fly anywhere at all - they spend the winter underwater, buried in the silt. It is now known: no matter how far, no matter how difficult the bird’s path, they all fly independently. They can only rely on their own wings, although they sometimes travel thousands of kilometers. Where do the birds fly? Scientists have found that our little birds - swallows, swifts, common redstarts, pied flycatchers and others - fly away not just anywhere, but to tropical Africa!
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
Where do migratory birds winter? Scientists learned about this by putting rings on birds' feet. Think about how these rings could help scientists?
Even in ancient times, people paid attention to the annual migrations of birds. This phenomenon in the life of nature is truly remarkable. With the onset of autumn cold, many of the birds that lived in our forests and fields in the summer disappear. Instead, others arrive that we did not see in the summer.
In the north, birds are forced to fly away by cold weather and lack of food, and in the south by the alternation of wet and dry seasons. Birds spend less of the year on their nesting sites, and most spent on flights and living in wintering grounds. However, every year migratory birds return to where they bred last year. If the bird does not return to its homeland in the spring, it can be considered dead.
The wintering grounds of migratory birds are constant, but they live there without adhering to certain narrow areas, as when nesting. Naturally, birds winter where natural conditions are similar to living conditions in their homeland: forest in wooded areas, coastal along the banks of rivers, lakes and seas, steppe in the steppes. In the same way, during migration, birds stick to places that are familiar and favorable to them.
Forest birds fly over wooded areas, steppe birds fly over steppes, and waterfowl fly along river valleys, over lakes and sea coasts. Birds nesting on oceanic islands fly over the open sea. Some continental birds also cross large sea areas. For example, kittiwake gulls, nesting off the coast of the Kola Peninsula, winter in the North-West Atlantic and reach the western coast of Greenland.
Birds inhabiting Siberia east of the Yenisei fly south and southeast to India, China, and some to Australia and New Zealand. Thus, a white crane listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation flies from Western Siberia along the lower Ob to North-Eastern Yakutia, the Yana-Indigir tundra, and flies to India and Iran for the winter. Birds living west of the Yenisei tend to the southwest, to the coasts of the Black, Caspian and Mediterranean seas and even further south. Birds nesting in the European part of the Russian Federation fly to their wintering grounds in Western Europe and Africa.
