Birds of the Ivanovo forests. Birds of the Moscow region (photo and description): large predators and small birds
A large number of large and small birds live in the vicinity of Moscow. Although the proximity of a huge metropolis makes its own adjustments to their habitat, the forests near Moscow, fields and swamps are rightfully considered their home. Consider examples of their most famous types:
White stork
Our list of "Birds of the Moscow Region" opens with a beautiful and majestic white stork
A large bird with white plumage and a long powerful beak. Black shiny edging along the edge of the wings creates the illusion of a black back on a sitting stork. In the cold season, it migrates to Africa and India. The bird prefers to nest near human dwellings on rooftops or poles.
Golden eagle
Other birds of prey of the Moscow region, photos and descriptions of which are presented here, cannot be compared with the Berkut. This representative of the hawk order is very large in size. Its wingspan is up to 2.5 meters. The objects of his hunting are rodents, hares, lambs or even small deer.
bittern
A rare endangered species of birds listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region. It has a black and yellow variegated color. Bittern lives in swampy areas and feeds on small fish. The bird is of medium size and weighs about 1 kilogram. A distinctive feature is a low trumpet voice, similar to a bull's roar.
Crow
Do not confuse this majestic large bird with an ordinary crow. Black plumage with a metallic sheen, powerful beak and large body size distinguish the raven from this ubiquitous companion of man. Crows live up to 75 years.
Capercaillie
Capercaillie - another bright representative of the list "Birds of the Moscow Region"
A bird of the chicken order, the size of a turkey. Females and males are very different, both in color and size. They fly very hard and noisily, not rising unnecessarily high above the forest. The bird owes its name to the peculiarity of the structure of the larynx. During mating games, it makes bubbling sounds, at the moment of which it loses its hearing.
Rook
A close relative of the crow, but more slender. The black metallic color and the absence of plumage in front of the beak distinguishes the rook from it. It feeds on almost everything that it can handle. Small rodents and human waste, worms and grain - all to his taste.
Thrush
The thrush itself is rather faded, but it has bright accents in the form of an orange breast and beak.
When viewing the catalog, which lists the birds of the Moscow region, their photos and descriptions do not attract much attention. The inconspicuous brown-brown variegated color of the back, white belly and rusty-red sides do not prevent him from making beautiful sounds that can rightly be called singing.
little owl
A nocturnal bird similar in appearance to an owl, but smaller. The head of the owl is large with huge eyes surrounded by facial rims. Above them there are black protrusions, similar to eyebrows. There are no ear-like feathers. Owls often settle in buildings next to people.
yellow wagtail
The yellow wagtail weighs only 17 grams
A small bird weighing up to 17 grams. It has a yellow-green color. Her long tail is always in motion. Wagtail can often be found near water bodies on tall grass stalks. Belongs to the order Passeriformes.
green woodpecker
A bird with a very beautiful olive green color. The size is comparable to a jackdaw. Lives in deciduous forests. He is very shy, so meeting him is a great success. Like all woodpeckers, it feeds on small bugs, which it finds in rotten trees and stumps.
Kingfisher
This small bird has a very uncommon appearance. Large head with a huge spear-shaped beak on a short body. Weak thin legs and short wings complete this whole picture. With all this, the kingfisher has a very bright plumage: its back and wings are blue, and the bottom of the body is yellow. The bird settles on the banks of reservoirs, as it hunts near water.
Finch
When considering small birds of the Moscow region, the photo and description will be remembered for the fact that this songbird has a very bright color of feathers. His chest is red-brown, and the back is brown-green. Due to this, it is clearly visible in nature.
Oriole
It has an elegant color of feathers of yellow and black. The size of a starling. He sings very beautifully, like a flute. However, occasionally it can make a terrible sound, like a cat whose tail has been stepped on. The bird is fast and mobile. Lives in forest thickets, flying in waves from branch to branch.
Mallard
This common waterfowl is the ancestor of the domestic duck. It has a body up to 60 centimeters long and weighs up to 1.5 kilograms. In plumage, sexual dimorphism is observed, which consists in the presence of green iridescent plumage of the head and a white collar in drakes. The mallard is a game bird, a favorite object of hunting for hunters.
Kobchik
Belongs to the order Falconiformes. Kobchik is a mini-falcon. The color is black, the males have brick-red “pants”, and the females have a red head and lower body. Like all representatives of falconiformes, it is an excellent hunter. It is a predator that hunts for small rodents, swiftly grabbing them with tenacious claws from above.
Landrail
The body size of the corncrake is from 20 to 22 centimeters. The body is elongated. The color of the feathers is gray or ocher-red. The beak is short. Likes to nest near swamps or wet meadows. Winters in central Africa. This bird does not like to fly. In case of danger, he prefers to run away or fly close.
Merlin
A large representative of falconiformes with blunt wings. It has a light color, which can be either pure white or gray. It prefers the northern regions, but in some winters it was also found in the Moscow region. The object of his hunting are small birds.
mute swan
A pure white beautiful bird with an orange beak provided with a black outgrowth. The black legs are webbed for swimming. The swan flies and swims beautifully, but walks poorly on the ground. The weight of a swan can reach 18 kilograms, and the wingspan is 220 centimeters.
Coot
A duck-like hunting bird of black color with a white beak and a bald forehead, to which it owes its name. A relative of the corncrake. There are no membranes on the legs, but it moves well in the swamp and water. The beak is more like a chicken. For this, it is sometimes called the "swamp chicken".
burial ground
The Imperial Eagle is a very large bird of prey. In Central Asia, he builds nests on ancient burial mounds. That's why it got such a creepy name. It can hover high in the air for hours, tracking down prey. It runs beautifully on the ground in the morning, waiting for warm air currents for flight.
Moskovka
Bird of the tit family. Slightly smaller than an ordinary tit and differs from it in plumage color. Black head and wings in composition with a white belly. He prefers to live in coniferous forests, but often flies to parks to feast on feeders.
common cuckoo
A gray bird the size of a magpie. Has a long tail. In the first half of summer, it makes the characteristic sounds of "cuckoo". A feature of this species is that females do not hatch chicks, but “throw” eggs to other birds.
common bullfinch
A very bright representative of the feathered family. Bright red breasts of bullfinches are very clearly visible in winter on white snow. They feed on fruits and berries left on the trees. The size of a bullfinch is no larger than a starling.
The black-headed gull is much smaller than the sea gull
It is ubiquitous throughout our country. It has white plumage with a black head. Eats fish. It nests near freshwater bodies of water. The size of this gull is much smaller than its marine relative.
white-tailed eagle
A large representative of hawks, which reaches a mass of 7 kilograms. Males are much smaller than females. The bird has a brown color, except for the white plumage of the tail. This species is distinguished by constancy in choosing a pair.
Grouse
The forest bird is a relative of the domestic chicken. It has brown plumage with a gray belly. The males have bright red eyebrows and the head is topped with a crest.
waxwing
Very beautiful winter birds. They have bright plumage with red, yellow and brick-colored elements. The head is decorated with a chic crest. You can often see them on the mountain ash, when they eat the berries left for the winter.
Hoodie
Needs no special introduction. The bird settles next to the person. It feeds on its waste products.
Jay
The jay is the hardest-working bird that worries about winter supplies in advance
When studying the birds of the Moscow region, photos and descriptions should also be taken into account, since this is the most industrious bird that prepares its supplies for the winter.
Nightingale
King of the song. Despite its small size, it has an exceptionally beautiful voice. No wonder there is a comparison "sings like a nightingale."
The general avifaunistic list of the Ivanovo region consists of 238 species of birds of different residence status.
In 11 surveyed model areas, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which account for 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model areas (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species belongs to three orders: Falconiformes (21.43%), Charadriiformes (21.43%), Passerines (11.43%).
Representatives of these orders experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: the Falconiformes order due to their territorial needs and direct persecution, and the Charadriiformes order due to direct persecution and a small number of habitable biotopes. Representatives of the passerine order more successfully adapt to anthropogenic influence (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic impact, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in terms of the number of species, which determined their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with a relatively stable abundance, vulnerable species that need to be controlled for their condition, are found at all stations, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Settling and endangered species are found only at some stations. Settling species are noted mainly in those territories where there are also endangered species. This indicates that the distribution of species follows paths that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered and declining species has been recorded in areas that have been least transformed by humans and, at the same time, have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and slightly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
At the same time, most often they choose the territory that is least transformed by man and has the highest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose territories that are most similar to natural biotopes and are also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat pits, etc.).
List of rare bird species noted in the Model Areas
Endangered Species
black-throated loon
lesser spotted eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Grey goose
snake-eater
Osprey
peregrine falcon
white-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Greater Spotted Eagle
Owl
Species that reduce numbers
Derbnik
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
green woodpecker
Curlew
forest lark
Great snipe
gray shrike
Species with relatively stable numbers
red-necked grebe
Little Gull
wigeon
white-winged tern
Gogol
Owl
meadow harrier
Kingfisher
gray crane
grey-haired woodpecker
Godwit
white-backed woodpecker
Turukhtan
three-toed woodpecker
Handrail
Kedrovka
Morodunka
blue tit
Species with indeterminate status requiring additional information
Grey-cheeked grebe
honey buzzard
field harrier
Garshnep
Species located on the border of the range
big merganser
deaf cuckoo
burial ground
Hoopoe
golden plover
middle woodpecker
fifi
Yurok
Great Gray Owl
garden oatmeal
Dispersing species
great egret
ringed turtledove
herring gull
Vulnerable species that need to be monitored
Black-necked grebe
big snail
bittern
pygmy owl
black kite
Rough-legged Owl
common kestrel
Nightjar
Capercaillie
meadow horse
Landrail
common cricket
Herbalist
The current state of rare bird species
Eastern Upper Volga. In the course of work, 16 species of birds listed in the Red Book were registered Russian Federation. Species that are globally threatened (greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 stations: Klyazma Reserve (2 species), r. Lukh (3 species), Morkush reservoir (2 species), r. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly indicates their significant conservation significance. However, at present, only the Klyazma Reserve has the official status of a protected area.
The largest number of rare species included in different groups rarity.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. The method of using species indicators was used by us when identifying and substantiating new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the YuzhskyV natural park.
The Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the limits of the IBA of the international rank B “Floodplain of the river. Luh from s. Myt to s. Mugreevo-NikolskoeV ". Identification of the IBA and determination of its boundaries was carried out in the course of research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of the project "Key ornithological territories of Russia". When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements in such a way that the individual territories of indicator species (osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic species-indicator of valuable floodplain landscapes, experiencing an insignificant anthropogenic load, characterized by a high level of landscape and fauna diversity and stable over time, is the greater spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 nesting territories of this species were identified.
Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the territory of the proposed Lukhsky ornithological reserve is inhabited by: osprey, white-tailed eagle, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, eagle owl, blue tit, Russian muskrat.
The YuzhskiyV natural park is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhna lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species have been found in this area: black stork, short-toed eagle, golden eagle, common crane and eagle owl. Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the territory of the proposed natural park YuzhskyV is inhabited by: black stork, short-toed eagle, curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, white tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was noted once (May 10, 2001).
1. At least 70 rare species of birds live and breed in the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. As indicators of high faunistic diversity, when identifying valuable territories, such bird species as the black stork, osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, short-toed eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, eagle owl can be used.
3. Biological and ecological features bird species proposed as indicators of faunistic diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are clearly visible, sensitively react to environmental changes, are found in the vast majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region when feeding and nesting; the time interval between a change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of indicator species when observing from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas should fully include their individual territories.
The nature of the Ivanovo region is peculiar and unique in its own way, which is facilitated by its geographical location - the central part of European Russia. No wonder these lands have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with an amazing inimitable relief and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast full-flowing rivers and rich clean air - all this contributes to the development of tourism infrastructure. Especially attractive is the turbulent river Lukh - a tributary of the Klyazma - a favorite place for tourists - kayakers.
The flora of the Ivanovo region
The nature of these places is surprisingly diverse. The plant world is represented by different groups of representatives of the flora. On the way in the forest you can meet dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves, oak plantations are replaced by pine forests. As well as endless meadows in floodplains. The richness of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species of them. In swampy areas of the forest, cranberries grow in abundance. Closer to autumn, whole glades of mushrooms are found throughout the forest.
Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the general landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberry, mountain ash, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, shadberry, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region, oak, linden, three species of birch, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. A lot of plants listed in the Red Book are lily of the valley, skirt, hawthorn, crow's eye, the entire bellflower family, carnation, white and yellow water lilies. .
Fauna of the Ivanovo region
The Klyazmensky reserve, which has federal status, is one of the most significant environmental objects in the Ivanovo region. It stretched across the territory of the Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with total area 21000km. Here you can often meet a fox, a hare, a squirrel, a marten, a mink, a river otter.
Many animals have been inhabited, these include wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons - sisari, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, owls. Nesting birds are represented by common cranes, cuckoos, swifts, swallows, nightingales, ducks. Their flying birds - ducks, geese, swans.
Favorable environment contributes to the development of the species of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see a lizard, a frog, a toad, snakes and various snakes. The water world is inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected species of butterflies are ubiquitous throughout the region. These are Apollos and Swallowtails. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which favorably affects the pollination of plants and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 animal species of this region are listed in the Red Book and protected to the fullest extent of the law.
Climate in the Ivanovo region
The Ivanovo region is located in the temperate continental climate zone, which determined its climate features. It has relatively warm summers, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest - July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to -12 degrees, and in summer - then + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. The annual rainfall is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while the freezing of the earth reaches the level of 25-45 cm.
Reports
Large Raptors of the Ivanovo District
LARGE PREDATORS OF THE IVANOVO REGION
Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo, Russia)
Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovsky State University, Ivanovo, Russia)
Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, 136 Lenin Ave., Ivanovo, 153004, Russia [email protected]
Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, Lenina av., 136, Ivanovo, Russia, 153004 [email protected]
Modern data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo region are given. An increase in breeding numbers was noted in the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (numbering 20-25 pairs), the short-toed eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (up to 20 pairs), the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs) and Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). A decrease in the number (from 10-15 pairs) is expected in the eagle owl (Bubo bubo) after the fires of 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), single nesting pairs are known. Regular encounters during the nesting period have been recorded for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Solitary pygmy eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are occasionally observed without any signs of nesting.
Key words: Ivanovo region, birds of prey, raptors, status. Received: October 6, 2013 Accepted for publication: November 10, 2013
The article presents the current data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo district. Increase the number of breeding pairs is observed for the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (20-25 pairs), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (about 20 pairs), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs), Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). Decline (from 10-15 pairs) expected for the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) after fires in 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaëtos) are known single breeding pairs . Regular meetings in the nesting period are marked for the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally single Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed. Keywords: Ivanovo, birds of prey, raptors, population status. Received: 06/10/2013. Accepted: 10/11/2013.
Introduction
The territory of the Ivanovo region is located in the center of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, on the border of the subzones of the southern taiga and mixed forests. The central part of the region is agricultural, however, significant areas of farmland are taken out of economic use, and the fields are at different stages of overgrowth. On the northern and southern outskirts of the region, more developed forestry. The southeastern part (Balakhninskaya lowland) in 2010 was subjected to a significant pyrogenic impact during catastrophic natural fires. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network; the Gorky reservoir is located on the northern and eastern borders. Thus, the territory of the Ivanovo region is highly mosaic, peripheral areas are experiencing a moderate anthropogenic impact - all this in combination determines the conditions for the habitat of rare bird species, including large raptors.
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). There has been an increase in the number of the species along the coasts of the Gorky water reservoir, the Klyaz"ma river and its tributaries; new habitats are appearing, with the total of 20-25 breeding pairs observed in the area.
Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).
The number has slightly increased, reaching 5-7 pairs. The main habitat is Balakhnins-kaya depression.
Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).
Single birds are occasionally observed with no signs of nesting.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clan-ga). A slight increase in the number of the species is currently observed in the flood basin of the Kliazma and the Luh rivers. Up to 20 pairs are nesting in the region.
Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina).
The nesting of 3-5 pairs is currently known
Directed study of birds of prey in the region has been carried out since the 80s. 20th century During this time, rich material has been accumulated on the population, abundance and its dynamics, distribution, ecology of birds of prey, large areas have been surveyed, more than 40 key ornithological territories (IBARs) have been identified, 7 of which are of international importance (Melnikov et al., 2013). Monitoring studies are being carried out at the most significant IBAs. The current state of large raptors in the Ivanovo region is characterized in the form of specific essays given below.
results
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) - is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered. Very rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, nesting of the osprey has been known since the early 1990s. 20th century
In the review “Birds of the Ivanovo Region” (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), the osprey is positioned as a rare migratory and very rare nesting species. Since 1991, a nest has been known in the Sokolsky District (now the Nizhny Novgorod Region), in total, at least 3 pairs were supposed to nest in the Sokolsky District by 2000, nesting in other areas was considered unlikely.
Our research in the 1990s supplement these data with finds of new osprey habitats (Melnikov, Barinov, Roma-
Rice. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj Photo by V. Melnikov.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj.
Photo by V. Melnikov.
in the region. The habitation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the Ivanovo district is the easternmost of all the known for the species.
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
Single pairs are known to inhabit the Ivanovo district in the valley of the Luh river, at the Gorky water reservoir. The territorial pair was observed in the Bal-akhninskaya depression. However, the pair is it not reported to be seen after the fires in 2010.
White Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). The number of the species is gradually recovered with these birds observed on the Gorky water reservoir and its spurs, on the Kliazma and the Luh rivers as well as on Morkushskiy and Uvod"sky Dams - 5-7 pairs of eagles in total.
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).
Regular encounters of the species during the breeding period suggest nesting of a few individual pairs.
Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). The number of the species in the Ivanovo district was estimated as 10-15 pairs in total. Five breeding areas were identified in Balakhninkaya depression, however the species is not observed after the fire in 2010.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). The
number of the species has slightly increased accounting for the total of 50 pairs of the species in the area.
nova, 2000). In the lower reaches of the river Nodoga osprey has been observed annually since 1990, since 1999 2 pairs have been recorded, broods have been repeatedly observed. Also, 2 pairs of ospreys were observed on the Nemdinsky spur of the Gorky Reservoir, an osprey was noted on the Markush Reservoir, Lake. Podozerskoe, on the river. Klyazma within the Klyazma reserve. By the end of the XX century. we estimated the number of ospreys in the modern territory of the region up to 10 pairs.
In the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (Red Book ..., 2007) we indicate new, identified by that time, habitats of the osprey - the Uvodskoye Reservoir., r. Lukh (on 2 sites), Andronikhovsky floodplain of the Gorky reservoir, Balakhna lowland.
In the collection “Rare Animals and Mushrooms. Materials on the maintenance of the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region” (Melnikov, 2012), in addition to the above, we present new habitats: the lower reaches of the river. Yolnat, coast of the channel part of the Gorky Reservoir. - within the Ivanovo region
Rice. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district.
Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin. Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin.
6-7 pairs There is an increase in the number in the lower reaches of the Zhelvata and No-Doga rivers (5-6 pairs), in the Andronikhovsky floodplain (2-3 pairs), in the Klyazma reserve (2 pairs).
Thus, the current estimate of the number of ospreys in the Ivanovo region is 20-25 breeding pairs. With a tolerant attitude of man towards birds of prey, a further increase in the number of this rare species is possible. However, the active development of the shores of habitable reservoirs, which has begun, may become a factor limiting its spread.
Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus galicus) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered. Buslaev S. V. in the 80s. noted the short-toed eagle during the nesting period in the Kineshsky district on the banks of the river. Zhelvata and in the Klyazma Reserve (Gersimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At the turn of the century, we recorded the Short-toed Eagle in the same territories (Melnikov and Barinov Romanova, 2000). In the last decade, records of the short-toed eagle between the Zhelvata and Nodoga rivers, as well as in the Klyazma reserve, have been quite regular (our data; Slaschinina, 2012).
On the territory of the northern part of the Balakhna lowland, short-toed eagles are recorded annually; here, within the Ivanovo region, 4 regularly nesting territories have been identified, and in the adjacent territories of the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions, 2 more pairs (Baka, Kiseleva, 2001; Voloshina 2005). After the catastrophic fires of 2010, the number of short-toed eagles at the station remains the same, but there is some displacement of nesting areas, which are located along the periphery of cleared fires (Shmeleva, 2013). Registrations of the short-toed eagle during the nesting period are also known in the middle reaches of the river. Lukh and in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoe (Chudnenko et al., 2012).
Thus, the number of short-toed eagle
Rice. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 4. Distribution of the large polar bear (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 4. Distribution of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Polorlick (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo district.
on the territory of the Ivanovo region has slightly increased and reaches 5-7 pairs. The key habitat is the Balakhna lowland and the adjacent valleys of the Klyazma and Lukh rivers.
The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. It is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). Occasionally, solitary birds with no signs of nesting are observed. In particular, meetings of the dwarf during the nesting period are known on the territory of the Andronikhovsky floodplain (the coast of the Gorky Reservoir), the Balakhna Lowland, the Klyazma Reserve (S.V. Romanova, personal communication; Slashchinina, 2012), the village of Shumilovo in the Teikovsky District (V. T. Butiev, personal communication).
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) -
a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered.
In the Ivanovo region, it is known about the nesting of the Greater Spotted Eagles in the 40-50s in the northwestern part - the Volga and Komsomol districts (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Within the region, Greater Spotted Eagles are observed nesting in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Lukh, in the floodplain of the Klyazma, in swampy forests on the border of the Gavrilovo-Posadsky district and the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region, in the Komsomolsky district, in the Andronikhovsky floodplain (Gorkovskoye reservoir). The complex of floodplain landscapes of the river. The Klyazma and its tributaries is one of the most important nuclei of the population of this species in Europe. In particular, in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Lukh has 6 nesting territories, in the floodplain of the Klyazma within the Ivanovo region - 4-5 nesting territories, a nesting site regularly occupied by the spotted eagle is also known in the interfluve of the Klyazma and Lukh. In total, 8-12 pairs of greater spotted eagles nest annually in the Klyazma-Lukhskaya group, and up to 20 pairs throughout the region.
Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomlrinl) -
a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. AT
Rice. Fig. 6. Distribution of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetosJ in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 7. Distribution of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 7. Distribution of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 8. Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinusj) sightings in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 8. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo district.
Nesting of 3-5 pairs is known on the territory of the region. In particular, nesting of 2-3 pairs is known in the Klyazma Reserve (Melnikov, 2004; Slashchinina, 2012); Shadrino (middle course of the Lukh River), in the north of the Gavrilovo-Posadsky district, in the Volga region (Kalinin A.A., personal communication). A single successful nesting of the Lesser Spotted Eagle was noted in the vicinity of the city of Ivanovo, in a forest belt near the fields of the IGSHA educational farm in 2007 (Melnikov, 2012). Settlements of lesser spotted eagles in the Ivanovo region are the easternmost of those identified so far. At the same time, hybridization of the species with the greater spotted eagle is known (Melnikov et al., 2008).
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered.
Solitary pairs live on the territory of the Ivanovo region - territorial birds were noted in the valley of the river. Luh, a couple with a chick - on the Gorky reservoir. The territorial pair, which has been observed in the Balakhna Lowland for a number of years, is not recorded after the fires of 2010 (Shmeleva, 2013).
White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus
albicilla) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered. In the Ivanovo region, it is now regularly observed on the Gorky reservoir and its spurs - in the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga, Zhelvata, Nemda, and was also noted during the nesting period on the Morkush reservoir, on the river. Luh, r. Klyazma, in the Balakhna lowland, on the Uvodskoye reservoir. In 2012, a residential nest was found in the western part of the Klyazma Reserve, on the border with the Vladimir Region. Since 2010, a residential nest of an eagle on the river. Klyazma near the pier. February 8 observed by D. Malakhov
Rice. Fig. 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district. Fig. 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 10. Identified nesting sites of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo Region.
Fig. 10. Distribution of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo district.
(private message). In 2013 here we repeatedly observed a pair of adult eagles carrying food towards the nest. In total, at least 5-7 pairs of eagles nest in the region.
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. It is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). In the Ivanovo region at the beginning of the 20th century. the peregrine falcon nested in the center of r. Ivanovo, on the old bell tower, until the birds were shot at the numerous requests of pigeon breeders (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Until the mid 50s. last century sapsa-
we nested in Gavrilov Posad (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Currently, migratory birds are occasionally recorded, including in the cities of Ivanovo, Shuya. A wounded peregrine falcon was found in the Teikovsky district and taken to the Ivanovo Zoo (Melnikov et al., 2000). In the nesting period, the peregrine falcon was noted on the territory of the Klyazma reserve, in the valley of the river. Lukh, on the Gorky reservoir, in the peat extraction of the Teikovsky and Pestyakovsky districts (Red Book of the Ivanovo region, 2007), in the Andronikhovsky floodplain (Gorkovskoye reservoir), in the peat extraction of Bolshoye Boloto. Regular meetings during the nesting period suggest nesting of single pairs.
The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - a species that is endangered. Meetings are very rare in the central part of the region (village Tserkovnovo), recorded in the north of the region - near the village. Reshma, in the Zavolzhsky district near the village of Posulovo, in the valley of the river. Nodoga (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Mating vocalization was observed in the middle reaches of the river. Luh. There is unverified data on the sightings of the eagle owl in the west of the region, in the vicinity of the Markush reservoir.
The most significant habitat of the eagle owl in the Ivanovo region is the Balakhna lowland. 5 nesting territories were identified here, mating vocalizations were recorded annually, broods, remains of prey, flutter-liches were repeatedly noted. But after the fires of 2010, the species does not occur there (Shmeleva, 2013). In total, 10-15 pairs are expected to nest on the territory of the Ivanovo region; probably, the number has decreased in recent years.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa)
It is included in the Red Book of the Ivanovo region with category 3 - a species that has a low abundance and sporadic distribution over large areas. Rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, during the nesting period, it was noted in the Zavolzhsky district (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), near the village of Degtyarevo, in the Klyazma reserve. Nesting was observed in Za-
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.
Teikha reserve (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), in the middle reaches (M.V. Sheptukhovsky, personal communication) and the lower reaches of the Teza (Melnikov et al., 2005), in the Balakhna lowland (Melnikov et al., 2009). In August 2013, a brood of the Great Gray Owl (2 chicks) was photographed with a camera trap at a feeding area for moose in the Lobtsovsky protective area, the Leninskaya Dacha tract, Gavrilovo-Posadsky district"2.
The number has slightly increased, the total number of the species in the region is estimated at 50 pairs. Unfortunately, in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (2007), as a result of a technical error, the section “abundance” in the essay on the Great Gray Owl was typed from another species, so the population density indicated there and the total abundance of the species in the region are overestimated by an order of magnitude.
Plot in the Balakhna lowland near the lake. Tonki, on which the nest was located, known for a number of years, was burned through during a fire in 2010 and was cut down in 2012. After the fires, the Great Gray Owl was not observed in this area (Shmeleva, 2013).
Literature
Bakka S. V., Kiseleva N. Yu. Key ornithological territories of the Nizhny Novgorod region. - Inventory, monitoring and protection of key ornithological territories in Russia. Issue. 3. M., 2001. S. 98-110.
Voloshina O.N. Observations of the short-toed eagle in the Vladimir region. - Ornithology. Issue. 32. M., 2005. S. 117-119.
Gerasimov Yu.N., Salnikov G.M., Buslaev S.V. Birds of the Ivanovo region. M., 2000. 125 p.
Red Book of the Ivanovo region. Volume 1. Animals / Ed. Isaev V.A.; compiled by: Egorov S.V., Tikhomirov A.M., Barinov S.N., Lazareva O.G. and others. Ivanovo: IPK "PresSto", 2007. 236 p.
Melnikov V.N. New habitats for birds listed in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. - Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials on the maintenance of the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. Ivanovo, 2012. S. 69-70.
Melnikov V.N., Barinov S.N., Romanova S.V. Rare species of birds of prey in the Ivanovo region
sti. - Materials of the workshop "Rare species of birds of prey in the north of the forest zone of the European part of Russia: prospects for study and ways of protection." Cherepovets, September 11-14, 2000. Cherepovets, 2000, pp. 17-19.
Melnikov V.N., Buslaev S.V., Chulnenko D.E., Kiselev R.Yu. Notes on the population of the owls of the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia. M., 2005. S. 155-158.
Melnikov V.N., Dmigrenok M.A., Ivanov M.N., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiselyova S.V., Dombrovsky V.Ch. Results of the 2005 expedition to study the spotted eagles of the European Center of Russia. - Study and protection of the Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles in Northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the V International Conference on Birds of Prey of Northern Eurasia. Ivanovo, February 4-7, 2008 Ivanovo, 2008, pp. 191-194.
Melnikov V.N., Novikov S.V., Kiselev R.Yu., Chulnenko D.E. On the ecology of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia: ecology, spatial and biotopic distribution. M., 2009. S. 185-187.
Melnikov V.N., Chulnenko D.E., Shmeleva G.P., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiselyova S.V., Esergepov A.A., Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of the avifauna of key ornithological territories in the Ivanovo region. - Protection of birds in Russia: problems and prospects. Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013) M., 2013. P. 170-174.
Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of falconiformes on the territory of the Klyazma Republican Reserve (Ivanovo Region). - Predator birds in the dynamic environment of the third millennium: state and prospects. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Falcons and Owls of Northern Eurasia. Krivoy Rog, September 27-30, 2012 Krivoy Rog, 2012, pp. 234-237.
Chulnenko D.E., Melnikov V.N., Lazareva O.G., Shmeleva G.P., Grilneva V.V., Kiseleva S.V. Characteristics of the avifauna in the environs of Rubskoye Lake (Teikovsky district, Ivanovo region). - Actual problems of studying and preserving the biodiversity of the Upper Volga region. Interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Department of General Biology and Botany of the Botanical Garden of IvSU. Ivanovo, 2012. S. 90-99.
Shmeleva G.P. Influence of the pyrogenic factor on the fauna and bird population of the Balakhna lowland. - Protection of birds in Russia: problems and prospects. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013). M., 2013. S. 253-259.
12 http://www.iv-hunter.ru/index.php/forum 1/10-teoriya-i-praktika/28833-forest-photo-trap?start=210#43244
Fauna of Moscow
Moscow, like any large city, has its own bird fauna, just like it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds in terms of species composition, number of individual species and their distribution over urban habitats, of course, what - something similar to the fauna of other European cities, similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.
white-backed woodpecker
White-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is of medium size, slightly larger than the large spotted woodpecker (body weight of males 105-112 g, females 105-106 g).
Upper neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head ("cheeks"), black; the sides of the neck, lower back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and extreme tail feathers are white; forehead light cream; lower neck, chest, sides of the body pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; underbelly, undertail red or pink.
Great spotted woodpecker
Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is somewhat larger than the starling (body weight of males 70-96 g, females 70-97 g). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, rump, tail are black, the same color is a strip from the beak to the back of the head, limiting the white cheeks; the forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.
In some individuals, the outer pair of tail feathers is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, the entire top of the head is red in young birds. Voice - a sharp "kick-kick" or loud screeching. In spring, the birds make a kind of “drum roll” with quick blows of their beaks on dry twigs and treetops.
green woodpecker
Green woodpecker (Picus viridis), Bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). Its back is bright green, its uppertail is golden yellow, its wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, its forehead and “whiskers” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish off-white; voice - a loud cry "peck-peck-peck".
It is a rare nomadic, partly sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near the edges and clearings.
Lesser spotted woodpecker
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdro-copos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on wings and lateral helmsmen, underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - loud continuous "ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki".
This is a rare, sometimes common sedentary, partly nomadic species of predominantly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. During nesting time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.
Hoodie
The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with a contrasting coloration. Her head, throat, goiter, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, her back and belly are dirty gray, her legs and beak are black. Calm flight is heavy, with uniform flapping of wide wings.
In autumn and winter, crows often soar in flocks in ascending air currents, single and group games in the air are common when birds make sharp turns, falls and take-offs.
