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What about torpedoes for nuclear submarines physics 2. Hellish “Case” for enemy submarines: what will the newest Russian torpedo be like?

The day before it became known that the Russian Navy is testing a new deep-sea torpedo “Futlyar”, which will replace the universal deep-sea homing torpedo “Fizik”, which has been put into service. Such tests are conducted in the strictest secrecy. The editors of the website of the Zvezda TV channel piece by piece collected information about Russia’s newest underwater weapons. TASS reported on June 22, citing a source in military industry. Such news cannot but rejoice, since it suggests that underwater weapons are developing in parallel with their carriers - submarines. Development previous version universal deep-sea homing torpedo was launched in 1986 at the Morteplotekhnika Research Institute (St. Petersburg), the engine was tested in 1995, and it was put into service in 2002. The new version of the deep-sea torpedo is planned to be put into service much later faster - already this year, and mass production of these weapons may begin in 2017. The evolution of underwater weapons According to an agency source, the new Futlyar torpedo will be the next version of the Fizik torpedo, which means it will have similar characteristics. In particular, experts believe that the 533 mm caliber and some other characteristics will remain the same. “This is a range of 50 km, a speed of over 50 knots, a depth of up to 400 m, that is, within the depths where modern 3-4 generation submarines operate today . We can say that the “Case” torpedo, which is currently being developed, is not of a revolutionary type, but of an evolutionary type,” military observer of the naval portal flot.com Sergei Sochevanov told the website of the Zvezda TV channel. He noted that this is considered good sign and says that the country has funds for the gradual development of naval weapons. “Now sufficient funds are allocated for the army to ensure the systematic development of all types of weapons. We recently adopted the “Physicist” torpedo, which in turn replaced Soviet torpedoes. Accordingly, having adopted the tested Fizik torpedo, we begin to work on a new torpedo with more quality characteristics homing heads,” the expert noted.
At the same time, he noted that there is no confirmation yet in which direction the developers of the “Case” torpedo are working, but it can be assumed that innovation will concern, first of all, the head of the torpedo. It will receive an improved homing system with an increased target acquisition range, as well as more modern system detuning from interference and enemy missile defenses. Anti-torpedoes One of the most important areas, in which naval weapons are developing today, is the creation of anti-torpedoes, Sochevanov believes. Today, not a single warship in the world can “escape” from a torpedo traveling at a speed of 50-65 knots. Therefore, launching anti-torpedoes is today the only way to repel an enemy torpedo attack. Perhaps it is this aspect of the issue that is being paid attention during the testing of the new “Case”. “Torpedoes that are intended for attack must have a certain system of protection against countermeasures in order to break through the enemy’s defense,” the expert believes. Information about such developments is classified, but it is possible It’s safe to say that such work is being carried out. “We can say that the Fizik torpedo that has been put into service is quite competitive. The fact that it has been accepted into the fleet means that the product meets all the characteristics. After all, it has been broken in for so many years,” notes Sochevanov.
Secrecy is paramount It is worth noting that Russia, as a country with a powerful fleet, has always been at the forefront in the development of torpedo weapons. Sometimes she was even ahead of her time. Thus, in June 2003, at the IMDS-2003 maritime show in St. Petersburg, Russia for the first time publicly showed a universal deep-sea homing torpedo. But on the second day of the exhibition, the torpedo was covered with carpet from public view. This kind of development has always been the object of close attention of foreign naval experts. That is why it is worth saying a few words about the place that was chosen for testing Russian missiles. They are taking place at the 954th test base of anti-submarine weapons "Koi-Sary" of the Russian Navy on Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan. This place is considered ideal for such tests - the location of the test site in the waters of a closed inland body of water excludes the possibility of monitoring the tests and intercepting the test samples by ships third countries. In addition, according to the agreement between Russia and Kyrgyzstan dated July 5, 1993, the base was recognized as Russian property.
The base also includes the Russian-Kyrgyz joint venture Ozero, which is developing new and testing serial torpedo weapons. According to Sochevanov, the test site at Issyk-Kul is also ideal because of the lake water, which is close in composition to sea water - where torpedoes are used.
“Russia had a training ground in Feodosia in Crimea, but it is not in use yet. There is also a testing ground on Lake Ladoga, but it is not suitable for all types of weapons, since the lake contains fresh water, while testing naval torpedoes requires salt water. In Lake Issyk-Kul, the composition of the water is closer to sea water,” the expert noted. Torpedo carriers According to the source, the Futlyarom torpedoes developed by the St. Petersburg Research Institute Morteplotekhnika and manufactured at the Caspian plant Dagdizel will be installed primarily on new nuclear submarines of projects 955 Borey and 885M Yasen. According to Sochevanov, the development of torpedo weapons is closely connected with the development of submarines and in particular with one of the most important characteristics - stealth. The expert gave an example of the Shkval torpedo, unique for its time. It was put into service in 1977 and reached a speed of 500 km per hour near the surface of the water. The torpedo could carry a nuclear warhead. However, with all its advantages, it had two serious disadvantages - due to high speed it made a lot of noise and the torpedo's launch range was only 12 km. Both of these qualities gave away the location of the submarine, which meant that the crew had to wait for a response launch.
Now that the stealth of submarines is coming to the fore, there is a need for new torpedoes capable of traveling a distance of 50 km and hitting a target.


UNIVERSAL DEEP WATER

Homing torpedo UGST

UNIVERSAL DEEP-WATER HOMING TORPEDO UGST

14.07.2019


At the International Maritime Defense Show IMDS-2019, JSC "Research Institute of Morteplotekhniki" once again presented the universal deep-sea homing remote-controlled torpedo UGST. Designed to destroy submarines, surface ships and stationary coastal and offshore structures, it is equipped with an economical axial piston engine, providing a torpedo range of up to 25 km at a maximum speed of up to 50 knots and up to 50 km at a speed of 40 knots at travel depths of up to 500 m. The two-channel homing system used in the UGST has high degree noise immunity from various means of hydroacoustic countermeasures and ensures hitting the target with sufficient probability.
The universal deep-sea homing torpedo UGST is part of the torpedo armament of submarines and surface ships.
The Russian analogue of the UGST torpedo has been put into service and is being successfully operated on submarines, nuclear submarines and NK of the Russian Navy.
In terms of the set of characteristics, the UGST torpedo is not inferior to the best world analogues, and in terms of efficiency-cost indicators it is superior.
VTS "Bastion"

As the Izvestia newspaper reported, the Russian Navy has adopted the new Fizik-2 torpedo. Reportedly, this torpedo is intended to arm the latest Project 955 Borei submarine missile carriers and the new generation Project 885855M Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines.

Until recently, the situation with torpedo weapons for the Russian Navy was rather bleak - despite the presence of modern third-generation nuclear submarines and the emergence of the latest fourth-generation submarines, their combat capabilities were significantly limited by the existing torpedo weapons, which were significantly inferior not only to new ones, but also in largely outdated models of foreign torpedoes. And not only American and European, but even Chinese.

The main task of the Soviet submarine fleet was to fight the surface ships of a potential enemy, primarily American convoys, which, if they outgrew Cold War American troops, weapons and military equipment, various supplies and logistics equipment were supposed to be delivered “hot” to Europe. The most advanced in the Soviet submarine fleet were the “thermal” torpedoes 53-65K and 65-76, designed to destroy ships - they had high speed characteristics and cruising range, as well as a unique wake locating system, which made it possible to “catch” the wake enemy ship and follow along it until it hits the target. At the same time, they provided complete freedom of maneuver for the carrier submarine after launch. The monstrous 65-76 torpedo with a caliber of 650 millimeters was especially effective. It had a huge range - 100 kilometers at a speed of 35 knots and 50 kilometers at a speed of 50 knots, and the most powerful 765-kg warhead was enough to cause heavy damage even to an aircraft carrier (only a few torpedoes were required to sink an aircraft carrier) and was guaranteed to sink one torpedo ship of any other class.

However, in the 1970s, so-called universal torpedoes appeared - they could be used equally effectively both against surface ships and against submarines. A new torpedo guidance system has also appeared - telecontrol. With this method of aiming a torpedo, control commands are transmitted to it using an unwinding wire, which makes it easy to “parry” the target’s maneuvers and optimize the trajectory of the torpedo, which in turn allows you to expand the effective range of the torpedo. However, in the field of creating universal remote-controlled torpedoes in the Soviet Union, no significant success was achieved; moreover, Soviet universal torpedoes were already significantly inferior to their foreign counterparts. Firstly, all Soviet universal torpedoes were electric, i.e. driven by electricity from batteries placed on board. They are easier to operate, have less noise when moving and do not leave an unmasking mark on the surface, but at the same time, in terms of range and speed, they are very significantly inferior to steam-gas or so-called. "thermal" torpedoes. Secondly, highest level automation of Soviet submarines, including a system for automatic loading of torpedo tubes, imposed design restrictions on the torpedo and did not allow the implementation of the so-called. hose telecontrol system, when the reel with the remote control cable is located in the torpedo tube. Instead, a towed coil had to be used, which severely limits the torpedo's capabilities. If the hose telecontrol system allows the submarine to freely maneuver after launching a torpedo, then the towed one extremely limits maneuvers after launch - in this case, the remote control cable is guaranteed to break, moreover, there is a high probability of its breakage from the oncoming flow of water. The towed coil also does not allow salvo torpedo firing.

At the end of the 1980s, work began on creating new torpedoes, but due to the collapse Soviet Union they were continued only in the new millennium. As a result, Russian submarines were left with ineffective torpedoes. The main universal torpedo USET-80 had completely unsatisfactory characteristics, and the existing SET-65 anti-submarine torpedoes, which had good characteristics when they were put into service in 1965, were already obsolete. At the beginning of the 21st century, the 65-76 torpedo was removed from service, which in 2000 caused the Kursk submarine disaster that shocked the entire country. Russian attack submarines have lost their “far arm” and the most effective torpedo for combating surface ships. Thus, by the beginning of the current decade, the situation with submarine torpedo weapons was completely depressing - they had extremely weak capabilities in a duel situation with enemy submarines and limited capabilities to hit surface targets. However, the latter problem was partially overcome by equipping submarines with modernized 53-65K torpedoes, which may have received new system homing and higher range and speed characteristics were provided. However, the capabilities of Russian torpedoes were significantly inferior to modern modifications of the main American universal torpedo, the Mk-48. The fleet obviously needed new universal torpedoes that met modern requirements.

In 2003, a new torpedo, UGST (Universal Deep-Sea Homing Torpedo), was presented at the International Naval Show. For the Russian Navy, this torpedo was called “Physicist”. According to available data, since 2008, the Dagdizel plant has been producing limited quantities of these torpedoes for testing on the latest submarines of projects 955 and 885. Since 2015, mass production of these torpedoes has begun and equipping them with the latest submarines, which previously had to be armed obsolete torpedoes. For example, the Severodvinsk submarine, which entered the fleet in 2014, was initially armed with obsolete USET-80 torpedoes. As reported in open sources, as the number of new torpedoes produced increases, older submarines will also be armed with them.

In 2016, it was reported that tests of the new Futlyar torpedo were being carried out on Lake Issyk-Kul and that it was supposed to be put into service in 2017, after which the production of the Physicist torpedoes would be curtailed and instead of them the fleet would begin to receive other, more perfect torpedoes. However, on July 12, 2017, the Izvestia newspaper and a number of Russian news agencies reported that the new Fizik-2 torpedo had been adopted by the Russian Navy. On this moment It is completely unclear whether the torpedo, which was called “Case,” or the “Case” torpedo, a fundamentally new torpedo, was adopted for service. The first version may be supported by the fact that, as reported last year, the Futlyar torpedo is further development"Fizik" torpedoes. The same is said about the Fizik-2 torpedo.

The Fizik torpedo has a range of 50 km at a speed of 30 knots and 40 kilometers at a speed of 50 knots. The Fizik-2 torpedo reportedly has an increased speed of up to 60 knots (about 110 mph) maximum speed due to the new 19DT turbine engine with a power of 800 kW. The Fizik torpedo has an active-passive homing system and a remote control system. The torpedo homing system when firing at surface targets ensures detection of the wake of an enemy ship at a distance of 2.5 kilometers and guidance to the target by locating the wake. Apparently, the torpedo is equipped with a new generation wake locating system, which is less susceptible to hydroacoustic countermeasures. For firing at submarines, the homing system has active sonars capable of “capturing” an enemy submarine at a distance of up to 1200 meters. Probably, the newest torpedo "Fizik-2" has an even more advanced homing system. It also seems likely that the torpedo received a hose reel instead of a towed one. Reportedly, the overall combat capabilities of this torpedo are comparable to the capabilities of the latest modifications of the American Mk-48 torpedo.

Thus, the situation with the “torpedo crisis” in the Russian Navy was reversed and perhaps in the coming years it will be possible to equip all Russian submarines with new universal, highly effective torpedoes, which will significantly expand the potential of the Russian submarine fleet.

Pavel Rumyantsev

The Russian defense industry continues to implement new projects in the field of mine and torpedo weapons. Not long ago it became known that new results had been obtained in this area: based on the results of all the necessary tests, a promising torpedo, known under the code “Case,” was accepted for service. However, some facts indicated in recent reports on this matter may be a reason for optimism.

The “Case” product is the newest known domestic development in the field of torpedo weapons. According to available data, the purpose of this project was to further improve the existing UGST Fizik torpedo, which was put into service several years ago. In particular, in connection with this new project also called “Physicist-2”. Work on the new project started in the recent past and over time led to real results in the form of readiness for adoption.

In March of this year, RIA Novosti, citing unnamed sources in the military-industrial complex, wrote about the current successes of the Futlyar project. It was then indicated that the new torpedo had already been tested by that time. In addition, some of the necessary checks have already been successfully completed. Also, an unnamed source revealed further plans of industry and the Ministry of Defense. Thus, in the foreseeable future, the Fizik-2 / Futlyar torpedo was planned to be put into service. The corresponding order was supposed to appear in 2018.

Torpedo UGST "Physicist"

A few months later, on July 12, Izvestia published new reports about the progress promising project. From the published data it follows that by now the industry has managed to complete all the required work. The designer of torpedo weapons at the Research Institute of Marine Thermal Engineering, which carried out the development of the new project, Alexander Grigoriev, told Izvestia that the UGST “Fizik-2” torpedo has already been adopted by the Russian Navy. Also, a participant in the creation of the torpedo noted that in the future this product will have to replace all analogues of existing types in service, equipped with electric power plants.

Recent reports about the acceptance of the Futlyar torpedo into service suggest that the tests were completed ahead of schedule - several months ahead of schedule. As a result, no later than mid-2017, the product was put into service, although previously these events were attributed to the next 2018. Thus, serial products can enter naval arsenals with a certain advance in existing schedules.

It is known that the new product “Futlyar” is a modernized version of the older torpedo UGST “Fizik”. Let us recall that development work with the “Physicist” code started in the mid-eighties; its goal was to create a promising deep-sea homing thermal torpedo. The Research Institute of Marine Thermal Engineering was appointed the lead developer, which was supposed to be assisted by several other organizations. Experimental UGST products entered testing in the mid-nineties, and at the beginning of the next decade the torpedo was put into service. During this period, the first public demonstration of new weapons took place, the platform for which was the International naval salon in St. Petersburg.

Several years ago, the development institute began creating a modernized version of the existing Physics. A new torpedo based on the existing one received the working designation “Physicist-2”. In addition, the alternative name "Case" soon appeared. Currently, both designations are used in parallel and do not cause any confusion.

Until a certain time, detailed information about the Fizik-2 / Futlyar torpedo was not available. Only a few months ago some technical data were published. In addition, some press publications devoted to the development of torpedo weapons revealed certain details of the new project. For obvious reasons, the differences from the existing base model weapons, as well as the advantages obtained within the framework of the new project, were most often mentioned. All the data published to date allows us to create a fairly detailed picture, in which, however, some “blank spots” still remain.

Like all modern domestic torpedoes, the Futlyar UGST has a cylindrical body of high aspect ratio with a cut-off hemispherical head fairing and a conical tail section that serves as the basis for the propulsion and steering system. The total length of the product, according to available data, is 7.2 m, caliber - 533 mm. Weight of combat-ready torpedo – 2.2 t.

In terms of its layout, the torpedo probably repeats the design of the basic “Physicist”. Let us recall that the first version of the UGST had a head compartment with homing equipment, behind which the charging and reservoir compartments were located in series. The tail compartment was given over to the installation of the engine and actuators of the control system. Apparently, in the new project, this torpedo architecture was not changed or modified.

According to published data, the Futlyar torpedo is equipped with an axial piston internal combustion engine using single-component fuel. The type of engine and its main characteristics have not yet been announced. It is known that the basic “Physicist” had a 350 kW (469 hp) engine, which used a rotating combustion chamber. Fuel was supplied by a high-pressure pump. Tanks for transporting fuel were located in the central part of the hull. It was proposed to start the engine using a starting powder charge.

The engine shaft passes through the tail section of the hull and is brought out, where it is connected to the water-jet propulsion unit. The impeller of the latter is placed inside the annular channel, which increases productivity while simultaneously reducing noise. The rudders are located next to the annular channel of the water cannon. A curious feature of the projects of the UGST “Physicist” family is the use of controllable surfaces that unfold after exiting the torpedo tube. For greater efficiency, the rudders have a box-like design with a pair of large planes and a small jumper between them, leading into the flow. This design increases the efficiency of the rudders and simplifies control to a certain extent.

It is known that the Physicist-2 product has homing means, but the type of such a system was not specified. At the same time, there is certain information about the control systems of the previous UGST torpedo. According to available data, within the framework of the Physicist research and development project, enterprises of the domestic defense industry created two variants of active-passive homing systems, which have certain differences.

Together with homing, telecontrol from the corresponding console of the carrier submarine can be used. To transmit commands to the onboard systems of the torpedo, a cable placed on two coils is used. One of them is equipped with 25 km of wire and is located inside the torpedo, and the towed one with 5 km of cable is placed in the transport position near the water-jet propulsion unit. The third coil can be installed on board the carrier. With the help of a cable and remote control, a torpedo can be launched into a given area of ​​the intended location of the target, after which the search and guidance are entrusted to automatic systems.

The Physics homing system has a flat nose receiving-emitting antenna, which contains a large number of individual elements. The torpedo is capable of finding both the targets themselves and their wake. Automation detects surface ships at distances of up to 1.2 km, submarines - up to 2.5 km. Wake indication time – 350 s. The warhead is detonated using a non-contact fuse. It works at distances up to several meters from the target.

Behind the head compartment in the body of the Futlyar torpedo there is a combat charging compartment. The new family of torpedoes carry a similar charge in the form of 300 kg of explosive. The power of such a fighting compartment is sufficient to cause the most serious damage to enemy surface ships and submarines. It is likely that practical products can be produced simultaneously with combat torpedoes carrying a powerful explosive charge. In this case, the charging compartment must be filled with ballast of the required mass.

According to domestic press reports, the UGST “Physicist-2” / “Case” torpedo is capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 knots (more than 90 km/h) and moving at depths of up to 400 m. The firing range is up to 50 km. It has been repeatedly noted in various publications that the promising product is superior in range to existing domestic and foreign torpedoes. This feature of the new weapon significantly increases the likelihood of successful timely destruction of a target with minimal risk to its carrier.

According to previously published data, the new Futlyar torpedo is primarily intended to arm modern nuclear submarines of the latest designs. Thus, multi-purpose and strategic cruisers may become the first carriers of these weapons. At the same time, it cannot be ruled out that in the future such torpedoes will be included in the ammunition load of other domestic submarines built according to older designs.

Production of “Cases” should be launched at the Dagdizel plant in Kaspiysk. According to available data, this enterprise is currently producing UGST “Physicist” products, and in the near future it will master the mass assembly of its modernized version. According to some reports, the launch of mass production of Fizik-2 torpedoes will lead to a stop in the production of base model products. Apparently, such a replacement will not lead to technological or operational difficulties, but will at the same time make it possible to increase the potential of the submarine forces to a certain extent.

Development new version homing thermal torpedo to replace existing Fizik products was launched just a few years ago. By now, torpedo builders have managed to complete the design and conduct the necessary tests. According to reports this spring, the checks were successful and allowed for optimistic assessments. At the same time, however, anonymous sources in the domestic media cited rather modest plans: the new torpedo was supposed to enter service only next year.

Just a few months after this, one of the authors of the new project said that the Physicist-2 torpedo had already been adopted by the Russian Navy. Whether mass production has begun has not yet been clarified. Other aspects of the new project are also not disclosed. At the same time, there have been reports that the new torpedo will replace the base model in production.

The development of domestic mine and torpedo weapons continues and is yielding certain results. In just a few years, an updated and improved version of the existing product UGST “Physicist” was created, which has a number of advantages. This torpedo was put into service not long ago, and in the near future it should enter the arsenals of the navy and be included in the ammunition load of the newest nuclear submarines.

The Russian defense industry continues to implement new projects in the field of mine and torpedo weapons. Not long ago it became known that new results had been obtained in this area: based on the results of all the necessary tests, a promising torpedo, known under the code “Case,” was accepted for service. However, some facts indicated in recent reports on this matter may be a reason for optimism.

The “Case” product is the newest known domestic development in the field of torpedo weapons. According to available data, the purpose of this project was to further improve the existing UGST Fizik torpedo, which was put into service several years ago. In particular, in connection with this, the new project also bears the name “Physicist-2”. Work on the new project started in the recent past and over time led to real results in the form of readiness for adoption.


In March of this year, RIA “,” with reference to unnamed sources in the military-industrial complex, wrote about the current successes of the “Case” project. It was then indicated that the new torpedo had already been tested by that time. In addition, some of the necessary checks have already been successfully completed. Also, an unnamed source revealed further plans of industry and the Ministry of Defense. Thus, in the foreseeable future, the Fizik-2 / Futlyar torpedo was planned to be put into service. The corresponding order was supposed to appear in 2018.

Torpedo UGST "Physicist"

A few months later, on July 12, Izvestia published new reports on the progress of the promising project. From the published data it follows that by now the industry has managed to complete all the required work. The designer of torpedo weapons at the Research Institute of Marine Thermal Engineering, which carried out the development of the new project, Alexander Grigoriev, told Izvestia that the UGST “Fizik-2” torpedo has already been adopted by the Russian Navy. Also, a participant in the creation of the torpedo noted that in the future this product will have to replace all analogues of existing types in service, equipped with electric power plants.

Recent reports about the acceptance of the Futlyar torpedo into service suggest that the tests were completed ahead of schedule - several months ahead of schedule. As a result, no later than mid-2017, the product was put into service, although previously these events were attributed to the next 2018. Thus, serial products can enter naval arsenals with a certain advance in existing schedules.

It is known that the new product “Futlyar” is a modernized version of the older UGST “Fizik” torpedo. Let us recall that development work with the “Physicist” code started in the mid-eighties; its goal was to create a promising deep-sea homing thermal torpedo. The Research Institute of Marine Thermal Engineering was appointed the lead developer, which was supposed to be assisted by several other organizations. Experimental UGST products entered testing in the mid-nineties, and at the beginning of the next decade the torpedo was put into service. During this period, the first public demonstration of the new aircraft took place, the platform for which was the International Naval Show in St. Petersburg.

Several years ago, the development institute began creating a modernized version of the existing Physics. A new torpedo based on the existing one received the working designation “Physicist-2”. In addition, the alternative name "Case" soon appeared. Currently, both designations are used in parallel and do not cause any confusion.

Until a certain time, detailed information about the Fizik-2 / Futlyar torpedo was not available. Only a few months ago some technical data were published. In addition, some press publications devoted to the development of torpedo weapons revealed certain details of the new project. For obvious reasons, the differences from the existing base model weapons, as well as the advantages obtained within the framework of the new project, were most often mentioned. All the data published to date allows us to create a fairly detailed picture, in which, however, some “blank spots” still remain.

Like all modern domestic torpedoes, the Futlyar UGST has a cylindrical body of high aspect ratio with a cut-off hemispherical head fairing and a conical tail section that serves as the basis for the propulsion and steering system. The total length of the product, according to available data, is 7.2 m, caliber - 533 mm. The mass of the combat-ready torpedo is 2.2 tons.

In terms of its layout, the torpedo probably repeats the design of the basic “Physicist”. Let us recall that the first version of the UGST had a head compartment with homing equipment, behind which the charging and reservoir compartments were located in series. The tail compartment was given over to the installation of the engine and actuators of the control system. Apparently, in the new project, this torpedo architecture was not changed or modified.

According to published data, “Futlyar” is equipped with an axial piston internal combustion engine using single-component fuel. The type of engine and its main characteristics have not yet been announced. It is known that the basic “Physicist” had a 350 kW (469 hp) engine, which used a rotating combustion chamber. Fuel was supplied by a high-pressure pump. Tanks for transporting fuel were located in the central part of the hull. It was proposed to start the engine using a starting powder charge.

The engine shaft passes through the tail section of the hull and is brought out, where it is connected to the water-jet propulsion unit. The impeller of the latter is placed inside the annular channel, which increases productivity while simultaneously reducing noise. The rudders are located next to the annular channel of the water cannon. A curious feature of the projects of the UGST “Physicist” family is the use of controllable surfaces that unfold after exiting the torpedo tube. For greater efficiency, the rudders have a box-like design with a pair of large planes and a small jumper between them, leading into the flow. This design increases the efficiency of the rudders and simplifies control to a certain extent.

It is known that the Physicist-2 product has homing means, but the type of such a system has not been specified. At the same time, there is certain information about the control systems of the previous UGST torpedo. According to available data, within the framework of the Physicist research and development project, enterprises of the domestic defense industry created two variants of active-passive homing systems, which have certain differences. Together with homing, telecontrol from the corresponding console of the carrier submarine can be used. To transmit commands to the onboard systems of the torpedo, a cable placed on two coils is used. One of them is equipped with 25 km of wire and is located inside the torpedo, and the towed one with 5 km of cable is placed in the transport position near the water-jet propulsion unit. The third coil can be installed on board the carrier. With the help of a cable and remote control, a torpedo can be launched into a given area of ​​the intended location of the target, after which the search and guidance are entrusted to automatic systems.

The Physics homing system has a flat nose receiving-emitting antenna, which contains a large number of individual elements. The torpedo is capable of finding both the targets themselves and their wake. Automation detects surface ships at distances of up to 1.2 km, submarines - up to 2.5 km. Wake indication time – 350 s. The warhead is detonated using a non-contact fuse. It works at distances up to several meters from the target.

Behind the head compartment in the body of the Futlyar torpedo there is a combat charging compartment. The new family of torpedoes carry a similar charge in the form of 300 kg of explosive. The power of such a fighting compartment is sufficient to cause the most serious damage to enemy surface ships and submarines. It is likely that practical products can be produced simultaneously with combat torpedoes carrying a powerful explosive charge. In this case, the charging compartment must be filled with ballast of the required mass.

According to domestic press reports, the UGST “Physicist-2” / “Case” torpedo is capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 knots (more than 90 km/h) and moving at depths of up to 400 m. The firing range is up to 50 km. It has been repeatedly noted in various publications that the promising product is superior in range to existing domestic and foreign torpedoes. This feature of the new weapon significantly increases the likelihood of successful timely destruction of a target with minimal risk to its carrier.

According to previously published data, the new Futlyar torpedo is primarily intended to arm modern nuclear submarines of the latest designs. Thus, the first carriers of this weapon could be the Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines and the Project 955 Borei strategic cruisers. At the same time, it cannot be ruled out that in the future such torpedoes will be included in the ammunition load of other domestic submarines built according to older designs.

Production of “Cases” should be launched at the Dagdizel plant in Kaspiysk. According to available data, this enterprise is currently producing UGST “Physicist” products, and in the near future it will master the mass assembly of its modernized version. According to some reports, the launch of mass production of Fizik-2 torpedoes will lead to a stop in the production of base model products. Apparently, such a replacement will not lead to technological or operational difficulties, but will at the same time make it possible to increase the potential of the submarine forces to a certain extent.

The development of a new version of a homing thermal torpedo to replace existing Fizik products started just a few years ago. By now, torpedo builders have managed to complete the design and conduct the necessary tests. According to reports this spring, the checks were successful and allowed for optimistic assessments. At the same time, however, anonymous sources in the domestic media cited rather modest plans: the new torpedo was supposed to enter service only next year.

Just a few months after this, one of the authors of the new project said that the Physicist-2 torpedo had already been adopted by the Russian Navy. Whether mass production has begun has not yet been clarified. Other aspects of the new project are also not disclosed. At the same time, there have been reports that the new torpedo will replace the base model in production.

The development of domestic mine and torpedo weapons continues and is yielding certain results. In just a few years, an updated and improved version of the existing product UGST “Physicist” was created, which has a number of advantages. This torpedo was put into service not long ago, and in the near future it should enter the arsenals of the navy and be included in the ammunition load of the newest nuclear submarines.

Based on materials from sites:
http://ria.ru/
http://iz.ru/
http://vpk-news.ru/
http://bastion-opk.ru/
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/