Will they build new missile cruisers. The Seven Best Cold War Missile Cruisers

Flagship Northern Fleet, the heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Pyotr Veliky, will begin modernization at least two years earlier than expected. During the repair with re-equipment, which will take 4-5 years, the ship will receive a new missile weapon. About the history and prospects of the largest non-aircraft-carrying warships in the modern fleets of the world - read the material on the site.

The Pyotr Veliky will be repaired with modernization no later than 2020, without waiting for the return to service of the cruiser Admiral Nakhimov, which should be ready by 2022. According to a source cited by the TASS agency, the modernization will take 4-5 years.

Previously, it was assumed that "Peter the Great" will begin to re-equip after the completion of work on the "Nakhimov". However, they were delayed until 2022, and the ship, according to the source, has developed an operational resource.

White elephants of the fleet

The heavy nuclear missile cruisers of project 1144 "Orlan" are one of the visible symbols of the Soviet Navy and at the same time good example what is obtained from long red tape in the development and refinement of technical projects. The first approaches to the projectile began at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, the lead ship was laid down in 1973, and handed over to the fleet only in December 1980.

From the idea to create a large anti-submarine ship with a nuclear reactor and a displacement of 8,000 tons, two branches first grew (a nuclear anti-submarine cruiser and a nuclear cruiser with anti-ship weapons), then they were merged. The resulting multi-purpose monster with a displacement of over 25 thousand tons, still characterized in the West as a battlecruiser, with all the undeniable combat capabilities, has turned into a warehouse of new weapons systems and electronic weapons of the fleet - with a concomitant increase in the complexity and cost of construction.

The USSR managed to introduce only three ships of this type: the lead "Kirov" (1980), "Frunze" (1984) and "Kalinin" (1988). The unfinished "Yuri Andropov" was inherited by Russian Federation, which handed it over to the fleet in 1998 under the name "Peter the Great".

The remaining ships by this time were renamed, respectively, to Admiral Ushakov (in 2004, the name was taken away and a formally nameless ship with tail number 090 and the letters Kirov remained), Admiral Lazarev and Admiral Nakhimov.

The armament of the cruiser was based on 20 inclined launch silos of the Granit anti-ship missile system (range up to 600 km). Anti-aircraft weapons included the long-range S-300F Fort air defense system and the Osa-M self-defense air defense system (on the first three ships). On the "Peter", instead of the S-300F, they put the S-300FM "Fort-M", instead of the "Wasp" - a more modern "Dagger". At Kalinin and Petra, 30-mm AK-630 assault rifles were replaced with six Kortik near-range anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems. From ship to ship, the composition of anti-submarine weapons and electronic weapons changed.

Nakhimov goes first

The idea of ​​re-equipping Project 1144 cruisers has been discussed for a long time, but the money was allocated for it only under the 2011-2020 State Armaments Program. The first ship was "Admiral Nakhimov" (formerly "Kalinin"), which back in 1999 was put against the wall of the Severodvinsk "Sevmash" with the wording "for repair and modernization".

Only in 2013, the Ministry of Defense paid Sevmash for a long project to inspect, repair and modernize the cruiser. In the fall of the following year, the ship was transferred to the bulk pool in Severodvinsk and began to be examined. Initially, they wanted to return the cruiser to the fleet in 2018, but then the work was extended until the end of 2021.

The project, in addition to the actual restoration of readiness, includes a complete change in the composition of strike weapons: "Granite" is being dismantled. In September 2013, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, who then held the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, announced that the cruiser would receive up to 80 missiles of various types, which allows us to conclude that 10 modules of the 3S14 universal ship firing system (UKKS, 8 cells each) will be installed on the Nakhimov .

The 3S14 ammunition load includes cruise missiles long-range 3M14, anti-ship missiles 3M55 "Onyx" and 3M54, anti-submarine missiles. Also, judging by press reports, the new Zircon hypersonic cruise missiles, which are currently being tested, will be put on the ship. In terms of anti-aircraft weapons, the ship will receive a modernized S-300FM Fort-M complex (a similar one is installed on Peter the Great). Also, instead of "Daggers", it is possible that new air defense systems "Pantsir-M" will be installed. It will appear on the cruiser and the Polyment-Redut air defense system, although its development on the head frigate of project 22350 Admiral Gorshkov has not yet been completed.

According to the same project, with minor changes related to differences in the composition of weapons and electronic weapons, "Petra" will also be modernized. The fate of the "Admiral Lazarev" ("Frunze"), which has been in the Pacific Fleet's sludge since the late 1990s, is still in limbo. The ship was tried several times to be disposed of, but in last moment postponed the decision. In 2014, the ship underwent dock repairs "in order to ensure unsinkability at the quay wall." We can accurately conclude that following the completion of work on the Nakhimov and the initial analysis of the condition of the Lazarev, it will be clear whether it is worth contacting the third building. Most likely, the answer will be “no”, but officially it has not yet been given.

But everything is already clear with the fourth ship, which is also the lead "Kirov". The cruiser has not been at sea since 1991 (apart from being towed to Severodvinsk in 1999) and is in very poor condition. In 2015, a tender was held for a disposal project, after which the ship was supposed to begin unloading spent nuclear fuel.

The real total cost of modernization of "Nakhimov" is unknown, but very solid. So, in 2012, Anatoly Shlemov, then head of the State Defense Order Department of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, estimated the restoration of the cruiser's readiness at 30 billion rubles, and taking into account the installation of new weapons, up to 50 billion rubles. At that time, the planned cost of the project 20380 corvette was 10 billion rubles, the project 11356 frigate - 13 billion, and the project 22350 frigate - 18 billion.

Note that these are estimated figures given even before the conclusion of the contract and before the inspection, which determined the real state of the hull, general ship systems and cable routes. In addition, after 2014–2015, shipbuilding prices began to rise sharply, as a result of which prices rose by 60–70% for a number of ongoing projects. Thus, a rough estimate of the cost of re-equipping Nakhimov at 80–90 billion rubles no longer looks overstated.

This is a rather expensive pleasure, so the whole idea often draws criticism from experts. With the money that will be spent on Nakhimov and Peter, at current prices, 5-6 new frigates or a dozen corvettes can be built. In addition, in a similar weight category, the fleet has more new project which so far have not been able to reach.

Leader of the new fleet

For several years now, the Russian Navy has been offered to build a destroyer of the Leader project, which is essentially a new missile cruiser. Several options were considered with a displacement of 10-15 thousand tons. At first, they intended to develop two versions: nuclear and gas turbine, but then they settled on only nuclear. However, it is not yet a fact that this is the last item in the design.

The ship should receive the same UKKS with strike weapons, but, among other things, it is also considered as a carrier of the naval version of the advanced S-500 anti-aircraft missile system. There were clear comments about the appearance of ships with anti-missile capabilities in the fleet.

The plans involved the construction of 12 "Leaders": equally for the Northern Fleet and the Pacific. The lead ship was going to be laid either in 2015 or 2017, but after the rebalancing of the State Armaments Program for 2011-2020, the topic died out.

The 4.7-5 (according to various sources) trillion rubles assigned to the fleet according to the initial version of SAP-2020 did not reach it for various reasons. You can start with the unpreparedness of the industry to ensure the serial construction of new ships, and end with increased attention to general-purpose forces following the military-political crisis of 2014. As a result more money it went to land and paratroopers, as well as to serial purchases of finished equipment. The fleet, however, remained to complete the already almost completely overwhelmed program for the construction of frigates and corvettes, without dispersing resources into new directions.

Now the deadlines for laying the head "Leader" have been pushed back already for 2025, which means that this topic will not receive significant funding under the new State Program for 2018-2027. At one time, there were even rumors that “Leader” would simply be deleted from the list of SAP-2027, but then it was decided to allocate “some money to support the project.”

Therefore, in the 2020s, the heavy surface forces of the fleet will have to make do with Nakhimov and Peter the Great at best.

Domestic cruisers of project 1144 "Orlan" is a series of four heavy nuclear missile cruisers (TARK), which were designed in the USSR and built at the Baltic Shipyard from 1973 to 1998. They became the only surface ships in the Russian Navy equipped with a nuclear power plant. 18 September 2015, 09:25

According to the NATO codification, domestic cruisers of project 1144 Orlan received the designation Kirov-class battlecruiser, after the name of the first ship of the Kirov cruiser series (since 1992, Admiral Ushakov). In the West, they were classified as battlecruisers due to the exceptional size and armament of the ships. The chief designer of the nuclear cruisers of project 1144 was Boris Izrailevich Kupensky, the deputy chief designer was Yudin Vladimir Evgenievich.

Cruisers "Kirov" have no analogues in world shipbuilding. These ships could effectively carry out combat missions to destroy enemy surface ships and its submarines. The missile armament installed on the ships made it possible to ensure, with a high degree of probability, the defeat of large enemy surface strike groups. The ships of the series were the largest non-carrier attack warships in the world. For example, the American nuclear cruisers URO type "Virginia" in terms of displacement were 2.5 times smaller. Project 1144 Orlan cruisers were designed to destroy large surface targets, protect fleet formations from air attacks and submarines in remote areas of the oceans. These ships were armed with almost all types of combat and technical means, which were only created for surface ships in the USSR. The main strike missile armament of the cruisers was the Granit anti-ship missile system.

On March 26, 1973, the laying of the first lead ship of project 1144 took place at the Baltic Shipyard - the Kirov heavy nuclear missile cruiser (since 1992 - Admiral Ushakov), on December 27, 1977 the ship was launched, and on December 30, 1980 the TARK was handed over to the fleet. On October 31, 1984, the second ship of the series, the Frunze TARK (since 1992, the Admiral Lazarev), entered service. On December 30, 1988, the third ship was handed over to the fleet - TARK "Kalinin" (since 1992 "Admiral Nakhimov"). And in 1986, the plant began to build the last ship of this series - TARK "Peter the Great" (initially they wanted to call it "Kuibyshev" and "Yuri Andropov"). The construction of the ship fell on a difficult period in the history of the country. The collapse of the USSR led to the fact that the construction was completed only in 1996, and the tests in 1998. Thus, the ship was accepted into the fleet 10 years after the laying.

Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Frunze" in the Indian Ocean during the transition to Vladivostok

The first cruiser of project 1144 Orlan (Kalinin)

To date, of the four, only the heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Pyotr Veliky is in service, which is the most powerful strike warship not only in the Russian Navy, but throughout the world. The first ship of the series "Admiral Ushakov" has been laid up since 1991, in 2002 it was withdrawn from the fleet. Its fate has already been decided - the ship will be scrapped at the defense shipyard Zvezdochka Ship Repair Center in Severodvinsk. According to experts, the disposal of this TARK will cost approximately 10 times more than the dismantling of the largest nuclear submarine, since there is simply no technology and experience in disposing of such warships in Russia. With a high degree of probability, the second ship of the series, the cruiser Admiral Lazarev, will suffer the same fate, the ship has been laid up in the Far East since 1999. But the third cruiser of project 11442 "Orlan" "Admiral Nakhimov" is currently undergoing repairs and modernization at Sevmash. It will be returned to the fleet at the turn of 2017-2018, previously called 2019. At the same time, according to CEO"Sevmash" Mikhail Budnichenko, the life of the cruiser after the completion of the repair will be extended by 35 years. It is assumed that the repaired TARK "Admiral Nakhimov" will continue to serve as part of the Russian Pacific Fleet, and "Peter the Great" will remain the flagship of the Russian Northern Fleet.

TARK project 11442 "Admiral Nakhimov" under repair

The heavy nuclear missile cruisers of Project 1144 "Orlan" did not have and do not have direct analogues abroad. Written off for this moment atomic american cruisers URO type "Long Beach" (17,500 tons) were 1.5 times smaller, and "Virginia" (11,500 tons) 2.5 times smaller and had much weaker both qualitatively and quantitatively weapons. This could be explained different tasks who stood in front of the ships. If in US Navy they were only an escort for multi-purpose aircraft carriers, then as part of Soviet fleet nuclear surface ships were created as independent combat units that could form the basis of the ocean combat forces of the fleet. The diverse armament of the Project 1144 TARK made these ships multi-purpose, but at the same time complicated their maintenance and created some problems with determining their tactical and technical niche.

The history of the creation of the cruisers of project 1144

In 1961, the first nuclear-powered cruiser URO Long Beach entered the US Navy, this event was the impetus for the resumption of theoretical work on the development of a combat surface nuclear ship in the Soviet Union. But even without taking into account the Americans, the Soviet Navy, which was entering a period of rapid development in those years, objectively needed ocean-going ships that could operate for a long time in isolation from coastal bases, the solution of this problem was best facilitated by nuclear power plant. Already in 1964, research began again in the USSR to determine the appearance of the country's first combat nuclear surface ship. Initially, the research ended with the creation of a tactical and technical assignment for the development of a project for a large anti-submarine ship with a nuclear power plant and a displacement of 8,000 tons.

Heavy nuclear missile cruisers "Pyotr Veliky", "Admiral Ushakov", winter 1996-1997

When designing the ship, the designers proceeded from the fact that the solution of the main task could be achieved only if sufficient combat stability was ensured. Even then, no one doubted that the main danger to the ship would be aviation, so the creation of a layered air defense system of the ship was initially envisaged. At the initial stage of development, the designers believed that to combine all necessary equipment and armament in one hull will be very difficult, so the option of creating a pair of two nuclear surface ships was considered: the BOD of project 1144 and the missile cruiser of project 1165. The first ship was supposed to carry anti-submarine weapons, the second - anti-ship cruise missiles (ASC). These two ships were supposed to operate as part of a formation, covering each other from various threats, they were equipped with anti-aircraft weapons approximately on an equal footing, which should have contributed to the creation of a strong layered air defense system. However, as the project developed, it was decided that it would be most rational not to separate anti-submarine and anti-ship functions, but to combine them in one cruiser. After that, work on the design of the nuclear cruiser of project 1165 was stopped and all the efforts of the developers were repopulated on the now universal ship project 1144.

In the course of work, increasing requirements for the project led to the fact that the ship received an increasing range of weapons and various equipment - which, in turn, was reflected in an increase in displacement. As a result, the project of the first Soviet nuclear-powered surface warship quickly moved away from narrow anti-submarine functions, acquiring a multi-purpose focus, and its standard displacement exceeded 20,000 tons. The cruiser had to carry all the most modern views combat and technical means that were created in the Soviet Union for combat surface ships. This evolution was reflected in the new classification of the ship - "heavy nuclear missile cruiser", which was assigned in June 1977, already during the construction of the lead ship of the series, which was laid down as a "nuclear anti-submarine cruiser".

In its final form, the technical design of the new nuclear surface ship was approved in 1972 and received the code 1144 Orlan. The project of the first Soviet surface combat nuclear-powered ship was developed at the Northern Design Bureau in Leningrad. B. I. Kupensky became the chief designer of project 1144, and from the USSR Navy, Captain 2nd Rank A. A. Savin was the main supervisor of the design and construction of the cruiser from the very beginning until the ship was handed over to the fleet.

Lead ship of the series, Project 1144 cruiser "Kirov".

From the very beginning, the new nuclear-powered ship became the favorite brainchild of S. G. Gorshkov, who served as Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy. Despite this, the design of the ship was difficult and rather slow. The increase in the displacement of the cruiser as the requirements for the project were revised and amended forced the designers to look for more and more options for the main power plant of the ship - first of all, its steam-producing part. At the same time, Gorshkov demanded that a reserve power plant be placed on the cruiser, which would run on organic fuel. The fears of the military of those years could be understood: the Soviet and world experience in operating nuclear-powered ships in those years was not large enough, and even today accidents with the failure of the reactor happen from time to time. At the same time, a surface warship, unlike a submarine, can afford to switch from a nuclear reactor to burning ordinary fuel in furnaces - it was decided to use this advantage in full. It was assumed that the reserve boiler could also help in securing the ship's parking. The underdeveloped system of basing large warships in the Soviet Union has long been a sore spot for the navy.

While the lead ship of the series was still on the slipway, an improved project had already been created for the next cruiser, which received the index 11442. It provided for the replacement of some types of weapons and equipment with the latest systems at that time: the Kortik anti-aircraft artillery system (ZRAK) instead of the tower 30- mm six-barreled machine guns; The Kinzhal air defense system instead of the Osa-MA air defense system, the AK-130 universal twin 130-mm mount instead of two single-gun 100-mm AK-100 turrets on the Kirov, the Vodopad anti-submarine system instead of the Snowstorm, RBU-jet bombers 12000 instead of RBU-6000, etc. It was planned that all ships of the series following the Kirov cruiser would be built according to an improved design, but in fact, due to the unavailability of all planned weapons for serial production, they were added to ships under construction as development was completed. In the end, only the last ship, Peter the Great, could correspond to project 11442, but even with reservations, the second and third ships Frunze and Kalinin occupied an intermediate position between the first and last ships of the series in terms of armament.

Description of the design of the cruisers of project 1144

All cruisers of project 1144 "Orlan" had a hull with an elongated (more than 2/3 of the total length) forecastle. The hull is divided into 16 main compartments by means of watertight bulkheads. Throughout the TARK hull there are 5 decks. In the bow of the ship, under the bulb fairing, there is a fixed antenna of the Polynom sonar complex. In the stern of the ship there is an under-deck hangar, which is designed for the permanent deployment of 3 Ka-27 helicopters, as well as rooms for storing fuel supplies and a lift designed to supply helicopters to the upper deck. Here, in the aft part of the ship, there is a compartment with a lifting and lowering device for the towed antenna of the Polynom sonar complex. The advanced superstructures of the heavy cruiser are made with the wide use of aluminum-magnesium alloys. The bulk of the ship's armament is concentrated at the stern and in the bow.

Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Peter the Great"

Project 1144 cruisers are protected from receiving combat damage by anti-torpedo protection, a double bottom along the entire length of the hull, as well as local armoring of vital parts of the TARK. As such, there is no belt armor on the cruisers of Project 1144 "Orlan" - the armor protection is located in the depth of the hull - however, along the waterline from the bow of the ship to its stern, a thickened sheathing belt 3.5 meters high was laid (of which 2.5 meters above the waterline and 1 meter below the waterline), which plays an important role in the structural protection of the cruiser.

TARK project 1144 "Orlan" became the first warships after the Second World War, in the project of which a sufficiently developed reservation was incorporated. So the engine rooms, missile cellars of the Granit complexes and reactor compartments are protected from the sides by 100 mm (below the waterline - 70 mm) and from the deck side by 70 mm armor. The premises of the combat information post of the ship and the main command post, which are located inside its hull at the waterline level, also received armor protection: they are covered with 100-mm side walls with a 75-mm roof and traverses. In addition, in the stern of the cruiser there is armor on the sides (70 mm) and on the roof (50 mm) of the helicopter hangar, as well as around the storage of ammunition and aviation fuel. There is also a local reservation above the tiller compartments.

The nuclear power plant with KN-3 reactors (VM-16 type core), although based on OK-900 icebreaking reactors, has significant differences from them. The main one is in fuel assemblies containing uranium with a high degree of enrichment (approximately 70%). The service life of such a core until the next recharge is 10-11 years. The reactors installed on the cruiser are double-circuit, thermal neutron, water-cooled. As a coolant and moderator, they use bidistillate - high purity water, which circulates through the reactor core under high pressure (about 200 atmospheres), ensuring the boiling of the secondary circuit, which eventually goes to the turbines in the form of steam.

The developers paid special attention to the possibility of using the cruiser's twin-shaft power plant, the power on each shaft of which is 70,000 hp. The complex-automated nuclear power plant was located in 3 compartments and included 2 nuclear reactors with a total thermal power of 342 MW, 2 turbo-gear units (located forward and aft of the reactor compartment), as well as 2 backup automated boilers KVG-2, mounted in turbine compartments. With the operation of only a backup power plant - without the use of nuclear reactors - the Project 1144 Orlan cruiser is able to reach a speed of 17 knots, fuel reserves are enough to travel 1,300 nautical miles at this speed. The use of nuclear reactors provides the cruiser with a full speed of 31 knots and an unlimited cruising range. The power plant installed on the ships of this project would be able to provide heat and electricity to a city whose population would be 100-150 thousand inhabitants. And the well-thought-out hull contours and large displacement provide the TARK of project 1144 "Orlan" with excellent seaworthiness, which is especially important for warships in the ocean zone.

The crew of the TARK project 1144/11442 consists of 759 people (including 120 officers). There are 1600 rooms to accommodate the crew on board the ship, including 140 single and double cabins, which are intended for officers and midshipmen, 30 cabins for sailors and foremen for 8-30 people each, 15 showers, two baths, a sauna with a 6x2 pool , 5 meters, a two-level medical block (outpatient, operating room, infirmary-isolations, X-ray room, dental office, pharmacy), a gym with exercise equipment, 3 wardrooms for midshipmen, officers and admirals, as well as a lounge for relaxation and even its own cable TV studio.

The armament of the cruisers of project 1144 "Orlan"

The main weapons of these cruisers were the P-700 "Granit" anti-ship missiles - third-generation supersonic cruise missiles with a reduced flight path profile to the target. With a launch weight of 7 tons, these missiles developed a speed of up to 2.5 M and could carry a conventional warhead weighing 750 kg or a monoblock nuclear charge with a capacity of up to 500 kt at a distance of up to 625 km. The missile is 10 meters long and 0.85 meters in diameter. 20 anti-ship cruise missiles "Granit" were installed under the upper deck of the cruiser, with an elevation angle of 60 degrees. Launchers CM-233 for these missiles were produced at the Leningrad Metal Plant. For the reason that the Granit missiles were originally intended for submarines, the installation must be filled with sea water before launching the missile. According to the experience of operational and combat training of the Navy, it is very difficult to shoot down the Granit. Even if anti-missile anti-ship missiles are hit, due to its enormous speed and mass, it can retain sufficient momentum in order to “get” the target ship.

Launcher of the shipborne air defense system "Fort-M"

The basis of the anti-aircraft missile armament of the Project 1144 Orlan cruisers was the S-300F (Fort) missile system, which was placed below deck on rotating drums. The full ammunition of the complex consisted of 96 anti-aircraft missiles. On the only ship of the Peter the Great series (instead of one S-300F complex), a unique S-300FM Fort-M bow complex appeared, which was produced in one copy. Each such complex is able to simultaneously fire at up to 6 maneuvering small targets (accompany up to 12 targets) and direct 12 missiles at them simultaneously in conditions of active and passive interference by the enemy. Because of design features missiles of the S-300FM complex, the ammunition load of Peter the Great was reduced by 2 missiles. Thus, the Peter the Great TARK is armed with one S-300FM system with 46 48N6E2 missiles and one S-300F system with 48 48N6E missiles, the full ammunition load consists of 94 missiles. "Fort-M" was created on the basis of the army air defense system S-Z00PMU2 "Favorite". This complex, unlike its predecessor - the Fort anti-aircraft complex, is able to hit targets at a distance of up to 120 km and successfully fight enemy anti-ship missiles at altitudes up to 10 meters. The expansion of the affected area of ​​the complex was achieved by improving the sensitivity of the receiving channels and the energy characteristics of the transmitter.

The second echelon of the cruiser's air defense is the Kinzhal air defense system, which was included in project 11442, but in reality appeared only on the last ship of the series. The main task this complex- this is the defeat of air targets that broke through the first line of air defense of the cruiser (SAM "Fort"). The basis of the "Dagger" are solid-propellant, single-stage, remote-controlled missiles 9M330, which are unified with the air defense system of the ground forces "Tor-M1". Rockets take off vertically with the engine inoperative under the action of the catapult. The reloading of missiles is automatic, the launch interval is 3 seconds. Target detection range in automatic mode- 45 km, the number of simultaneously fired targets - 4, reaction time - 8 seconds. The Kinzhal air defense system operates offline (without the participation of personnel). According to the specification, each Project 11442 cruiser was supposed to have 128 such missiles in 16x8 installations.

The third frontier of air defense is the Kortik ZRAK, which is a short-range defense complex. It is designed to replace the conventional 30-mm six-barreled artillery systems AK-630. ZRAK "Kortik" in television-optical and radar modes is able to provide full automation combat control from target detection to its destruction. Each installation consists of two 30-mm six-barreled AO-18 assault rifles, the total rate of fire of which is 10,000 rounds per minute, and two blocks of 4 two-stage 9M311 rockets. These missiles have a fragmentation-rod warhead and a proximity fuse. In the turret compartment of each installation there are 32 such missiles in transport and launch containers. The 9M311 missiles are unified with the 2S6 Tunguska land complex and are able to fight anti-ship missiles, guided bombs, helicopters and enemy aircraft. The range of action of the missile part of the Kortik ZRAK is 1.5-8 km, it is fired from 30-mm artillery mounts at a distance of 1500-50 meters. The height of the affected air targets is 5-4000 meters. In total, each of the three Project 11442 cruisers was supposed to have 6 such complexes, the ammunition of which consisted of 192 missiles and 36,000 shells.

The anti-submarine armament of the Project 1144 cruiser was represented by the Metel complex, which in Project 11442 was replaced by the more modern Vodopad anti-submarine complex. Unlike the Blizzard, the Waterfall does not need a separate launcher - the missile-torpedoes of the complex are loaded into standard torpedo tubes. Rocket model 83RN (or 84RN with a nuclear warhead), like an ordinary torpedo, is fired from a torpedo tube with compressed air and dives into the water. Then, upon reaching a certain depth, it starts rocket engine and a rocket-torpedo takes off from under the water and already by air delivers the warhead to the target area - up to 60 kilometers from the carrier ship - after which the warhead is separated. UMGT-1, a 400-mm small-sized homing torpedo, can be used as a warhead. The range of the UMGT-1 torpedo, which can be mounted on rocket torpedoes, is 8 km, the speed is 41 knots, and the depth is 500 meters. There are up to 30 such torpedo missiles in the cruiser's ammunition load.

Russian Navy. The topic of today's article is cruisers.

I must say that in the USSR the closest attention was paid to this class of ships: in the post-war period and until 1991, 45 ships of this class (including artillery, of course) entered service, and by December 1, 2015, 8 cruisers remained. We will devote a separate article to the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov", since, regardless of the peculiarities of the domestic classification, this ship is an aircraft carrier. Today we will limit ourselves to missile cruisers.

Missile cruisers (RKR) of project 1164 - 3 units.

Displacement (standard / full) - 9,300/11,300 tons, speed - 32 knots, weapons: 16 Bazalt anti-ship missiles, 8 * 8 S-300F Fort air defense systems (64 air defense systems), 2 * 2 Osa air defense systems -MA" (48 missiles), 1 * 2-130-mm AK-130, 6 * 6-30-mm AK-630, 2 * 5 533-m torpedo tubes, 2, hangar for the Ka-27 helicopter.

All three ships of this type: "Moskva", "Marshal Ustinov", "Varyag" are in the ranks of the Russian Navy, and the first of them is the flagship Black Sea Fleet, and the last - the Pacific.

Heavy nuclear missile cruiser (TARKR) of project 1144.2 - 3 units.

Displacement (standard / full) - 23 750-24 300 / 25 860 - 26 190 tons (data in various sources differ greatly, sometimes the total displacement is 28 000 tons), speed - 31 knots, armament - 20 anti-ship missiles "Granite ", 6 * 8 SAM "Fort" (48 SAM), "Fort-M" (46 SAM), 16 * 8 SAM "Dagger" (128 SAM), 6 SAM "Kortik" (144 SAM), 1 * 2- 130-mm AK-130, 2 * 5 533-mm torpedo tubes with the ability to use the Vodopad-NK PLUR, 2, 1 RBU-6000, a hangar for 3 helicopters.

It was assumed that all three ships of this type, Peter the Great, Admiral Nakhimov and Admiral Lazarev, would be built according to the same project, but in fact they were not identical and had some difference in the range of weapons.

The Fort-M air defense system is installed only on the Peter the Great, the rest of the ships have two Fort air defense systems, their total ammunition load is 96 missiles, and not 94, as on the Peter the Great. Instead, the Osa-M air defense systems (2 per ship) and eight 30-mm AK-630s were installed on the Kinzhal air defense system and the Kortik air defense system on the Admiral Nakhimov and Admiral Lazarev. "Peter the Great" and "Admiral Nakhimov" have 2 RBU-12000 and one RBU-6000, but on the "Admiral Lazarev" - on the contrary, one RBU-12000 and two RBU-6000.

"Peter the Great" is currently serving in the Northern Fleet of the Russian Federation, "Admiral Nakhimov" is undergoing modernization. "Admiral Lazarev" withdrawn from the fleet.

Heavy nuclear missile cruisers (TARKR) of project 1144.1 - 1 unit.

Displacement (standard / full) 24 100 / 26 190 tons, speed - 31 knots, armament - 20 Granit anti-ship missiles, 12 * 8 Fort air defense systems (96 SAMs), 2 * 2 Osa-M air defense systems ( 48 missiles), 1 * 2 launchers PLUR "Metel", 2 * 1 100-mm AK-100, 8 30-mm AK-630, 2 * 5 533-mm torpedo tubes, 1 RBU-12000, 2 RBU-6000, hangar for 3 helicopters.

The first-born of the TARKR class in the domestic fleet, in the USSR he received the name "Kirov", in the Russian Navy - "Admiral Ushakov". Withdrawn from the Russian Navy in 2002, but not yet disposed of.

Needless to say, all the missile cruisers that we have were inherited by the Russian Federation from the USSR. Only "Peter the Great" was completed in the Russian Federation, but it was launched in 1989 and by the time the Union collapsed it was in sufficient high degree readiness.

Soviet missile cruisers are a unique weapon of their kind, created within the framework of the concepts of combat use of the Soviet Navy. Today we will not analyze in detail the history of their creation, because both the RKR of project 1164 and the TARKR of project 1144 are worthy of not even a separate article, but a series of articles each, but we will limit ourselves to only the most general milestones.

For some time (after the Second World War), NATO aircraft carrier groups were considered the main enemy of our fleet, and during this period the concept of the USSR fleet involved fighting them in our near maritime zone, where surface ships would operate together with missile-carrying aircraft. Although it is worth noting that even then we were building completely ocean-going ships, such as artillery cruisers of the Sverdlov type (project 68-bis) - apparently, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin understood well that the ocean fleet is an instrument not only of war, but also peace.

However, after the appearance of nuclear submarines (carriers of ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads, SSBNs) in the enemy fleets, they became a priority target for our Navy. And here the USSR had, let's not be afraid of this word, insoluble conceptual difficulties.

The fact is that the range of even the very first SSBN ballistic missiles was several times greater than the combat radius of carrier-based aircraft, respectively, enemy SSBNs could operate at a greater distance from our shores. In order to counteract them, they had to go to the ocean and / or remote sea areas. This required fairly large surface ships, with powerful sonar equipment, and they were created in the USSR (BOD). However, the BOD, of course, could not successfully operate in the conditions of the overwhelming dominance of the United States and NATO in the ocean. In order for the PLO groups of the USSR to be able to successfully fulfill their functions, it was necessary to somehow neutralize the American aircraft carrier and ship strike groups. Off our coasts, the MPA (Naval Missile-Carrying Aviation) could do this, but its limited radius did not allow it to operate in the ocean.

Accordingly, the USSR needed a means of neutralizing the NATO AUG far from its native shores. Initially, this task was assigned to submarines, but it soon became clear that they would not solve this problem on their own. The most realistic way - the creation of its own aircraft carrier fleet - for a number of reasons turned out to be unacceptable for the USSR, although domestic sailors really wanted aircraft carriers and, in the end, the USSR began to build them. Nevertheless, in the late 60s and early 70s, one could only dream of aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines could not independently defeat NATO fleets in the ocean, and the country's leadership set the task of destroying SSBNs.

Then it was decided to shift the focus to the creation of new weapons - long-range anti-ship cruise missiles, as well as a space target designation system for them. The carrier of such missiles was to be a new, specialized class of ocean-going surface attack ship - a missile cruiser.

What exactly it should be, there was no clarity. Initially, they thought about unification on the basis of the BOD of projects 1134 and 1134B, in order to use one hull to create ships for anti-aircraft defense (that is, BOD), air defense (with the placement of the Fort air defense system on them) and strike carriers of anti-ship missiles. Then they abandoned this in favor of the Project 1165 Fugas missile cruiser, which carried both anti-ship missiles and the Fort air defense system, but it was then closed due to too high a cost - the ship was supposed to be made nuclear. As a result, they returned to the project 1134B BOD, but decided not to unify it in a single hull, but to make a much larger missile cruiser based on it.
The idea was to create the flagship of the PLO group, equipped with a powerful attack and anti-aircraft weapons, and the latter was supposed to provide not object, but zonal air defense (i.e. cover the entire group of ships). This is how the project 1164 missile cruiser appeared.

At the same time, and in parallel with the development of a new missile cruiser, domestic design bureaus designed a BOD with a nuclear power plant. They started with a displacement of 8,000 tons, but later the appetites of the sailors grew and the result was a ship with a standard displacement of the order (or even more) of 24,000 tons, equipped with almost the entire range of weapons that existed at that time. Of course we are talking about the heavy nuclear missile cruiser of project 1144.

The fact that project 1164 was originally created as a missile cruiser, and project 1144 as a BOD, to some extent explains how in the USSR at the same time, in parallel, two completely different ships were created to perform the same tasks. Of course, such an approach cannot be called sound in any way, but one cannot but admit that as a result of this, the Russian Navy received two types of extremely beautiful ships instead of one (forgive me, dear reader, such a lyrical digression).

If we compare the Atlantes (ships of project 1164) and the Orlans (project 1144), then, of course, the Atlantes are smaller and cheaper, and therefore more suitable for large-scale construction. But, of course, the Orlans are much more powerful. According to the views of those years, in order to “penetrate” the AUG air defense and cause unacceptable damage to an aircraft carrier (completely disable or destroy), 20 heavy anti-ship missiles were needed in one salvo. "Orlan" had 20 "Granites", 24 such missiles were put on nuclear submarine missile carriers of project 949A "Antey" (to, so to speak, with a guarantee), but "Atlantes" carried only 16 "Basalts".

On the Orlans there were two Fort air defense systems, which means there were 2 posts of the Volna tracking and target illumination radar. Each such post could direct 6 missiles at 3 targets, respectively, the Orlan's ability to repel massive raids was much higher, especially since the Atlant's radar located in the stern "does not see" the bow sectors - they are closed by the superstructure of the cruiser. The short-range air defense of Orlan and Atlant was comparable, but on Peter the Great, instead of the obsolete Osa-M air defense systems, the Dagger air defense system was installed, and instead of the AK-630 metal cutters, the Kortik air defense system was installed. On the Atlants, due to their smaller size, such an upgrade is hardly possible.

In addition, the Atlantov PLO was deliberately sacrificed: the fact is that the deployment of the most powerful SJSC Polynom at that time increased the displacement of the ship by about one and a half thousand tons (the SJSC itself weighs about 800 tons) and this was considered unacceptable. As a result, "Atlant" received a very modest "Platinum", suitable only for self-defense (and even then - not too much). At the same time, the underwater search capabilities of the Orlans are not inferior to those of specialized BODs. The presence of an entire air group of three helicopters, without a doubt, provides Orlan with where best opportunities PLO, as well as search and tracking of surface targets, rather than one Atlanta helicopter. In addition, the presence of a nuclear power plant provides Orlan with much better opportunities for escorting enemy aircraft carrier groups than Atlanta with its conventional power plant. "Atlant", unlike "Orlan", has no constructive protection.

An interesting aspect. For a long time it was argued that the weak point of our heavy ships was the CIUS, unable to combine the use of the entire variety of weapons installed on the cruisers. Perhaps this is so, but the author of this article came across descriptions of exercises in which a heavy nuclear missile cruiser, having received air target data from an A-50 AWACS aircraft (the target was not observed from the cruiser), issued target designation to an anti-aircraft missile system of a large anti-submarine ship and that , without observing the air target himself, and using exclusively the control center received from the TARKR, he hit it with an anti-aircraft missile. The data, of course, is completely unofficial, but ...

Of course, nothing is given for free. The dimensions of the Orlan are amazing: a total displacement of 26,000 - 28,000 tons makes it the largest non-aircraft carrier in the world (even the cyclopean SSBN of Project 941 Akula is still smaller). Many foreign reference books call it a "battlecruiser", that is, a battlecruiser. Without a doubt, it would be correct to adhere to the Russian classification, but ... looking at the swift and formidable silhouette of the Orlan and remembering the fusion of speed and firepower that they showed to the world battlecruisers, involuntarily think: there is something in this.

But such a large and heavily armed ship turned out to be very expensive. According to some reports, the cost of the TARKR in the USSR was 450-500 million rubles, which brought it closer to heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers - the TAVKR of project 1143.5 (hereinafter Kuznetsov) cost 550 million rubles, and the atomic TAVKR 1143.7 - 800 million. rub.

By and large, the Soviet missile cruisers had two fundamental drawbacks. Firstly, they were not self-sufficient, because their main weapon, anti-ship missiles, could only be used at over-the-horizon ranges for external target designation. For this, the Legend reconnaissance and target designation system was created in the USSR, and it really made it possible to use anti-ship missiles at full range, but with significant limitations. Satellites passive radar reconnaissance they could not always reveal the location of the enemy, and there were never many satellites with an active radar in orbit, they did not provide 100% coverage of the sea and ocean surfaces.

These satellites were very expensive, they carried a powerful radar, which made it possible to control NATO warships from an altitude of 270-290 km, atomic reactor as a source of energy for the radar, and also a special booster stage, which, after the satellite had exhausted its resource, was supposed to put its spent reactor into orbit 500-1000 km from the Earth. In principle, even from there, in the end, gravity will pull the reactors back, but this should have happened no earlier than in 250 years. Apparently, in the USSR they believed that by that time spaceships would already be plowing the expanses of the Galaxy and we would somehow deal with the numerous reactors falling into the atmosphere.

But the important thing is that even the USSR could not provide absolute coverage of the earth's surface with active satellites of the Legend system, which meant that they had to wait until the satellite passed over the desired area of ​​the sea or ocean. In addition, satellites in relatively low orbits, and even unmasking themselves with strong radiation, could be destroyed by anti-satellite missiles. There were other difficulties, and in general the system did not guarantee the destruction of enemy AUGs in the event of a global conflict. Nevertheless, Soviet missile cruisers remained a formidable weapon, and no American admiral could feel safe being within range of Kirov or Slava missiles.

The second big drawback of domestic RKR and TARKR is their high specialization. By and large, they could destroy enemy ships, lead and control the actions of a detachment of ships, covering them with their powerful air defense systems, but that's all. Such cruisers did not pose any threat to coastal targets - despite the presence of a 130-mm artillery system, bringing such large and expensive ships to hostile shores for artillery shelling was fraught with excessive risk. Theoretically, heavy anti-ship missiles could be used to destroy ground targets, but in practice this made little sense. According to some reports, the Granit anti-ship missiles cost about the same, or even more expensive than a modern fighter, and few coastal targets were “worthy” of such an expensive ammunition.

In other words, the Soviet concept of combating enemy AUGs: the creation of long-range anti-ship missiles and their carriers (RKR, TARKR, Antey submarine missile carriers), reconnaissance and target designation systems for these missiles (Legend) and at the same time - also the strongest naval land-based missile-carrying aviation was comparable in cost to the construction of a powerful aircraft carrier fleet, but did not provide the same wide opportunities for destroying surface, underwater, air and ground targets as those possessed by aircraft carrier groups.

Today, the capabilities of the missile cruisers of the Russian fleet have significantly decreased. No, they themselves have remained the same, and despite the emergence of the latest defensive weapon systems, such as ESSM or SM-6 anti-aircraft missiles, the author of this article would absolutely not want to be in the place of the American admiral, on whose flagship aircraft carrier Peter the Great fired two dozen "Granites". But the ability of the Russian Federation to give target designation to heavy anti-ship missiles has greatly decreased: in the USSR there was a “Legend”, but it self-destructed when the satellites exhausted their resource, and no new ones appeared, they could not deploy Liana.

No matter how praised the NATO data exchange systems, their analogue existed in the Soviet Navy (interchange stations of information or VZOI) and the missile cruiser could use the data received by another ship or aircraft. This possibility exists even now, but the number of ships and aircraft has decreased by several times compared to the times of the USSR. The only progress is the construction of over-the-horizon radar stations (OGRLS) in the Russian Federation, but whether they can give target designation for missiles is not clear, as far as the author knows, in the USSR they could not issue TsU ZGRLS. In addition, ZGRLS are stationary large-scale objects, which, probably, in the event of a serious conflict, it will not be so difficult to damage or destroy them.

Nevertheless, today it is the missile cruisers that represent the "foothold" of the domestic surface fleets. What are their prospects?

All three "Atlantas" of project 1164 currently remain in service - one can only regret that at one time it was not possible to agree with Ukraine on the purchase of the fourth cruiser of this project, which is rotting at the completion wall in a high degree of readiness. Today, this step is impossible, but it would already be meaningless - the ship is too old to be completed. At the same time, the 1164 project is literally "stuffed" with weapons and equipment, which made it a very formidable ship, but greatly reduced its modernization capabilities.

"Moscow", "Marshal Ustinov" and "Varyag" became part of the domestic fleet in 1983, 1986 and 1989, respectively, today they are 35, 32 and 29 years old. The age is serious, but with timely repairs, these RRCs are quite capable of serving up to forty-five years, so that in the next decade not one of them will retire. Most likely, during this time the ships will not undergo any radical upgrades, although to exclude the installation of new anti-ship missiles in old launchers and the improvement of the Fort air defense system - however, all this is guesswork.

But with TARKR, the situation is far from being so rosy. As we said above, today work is underway on the Admiral Nakhimov, and its modernization is quite global. It is more or less reliably known about the replacement of the Granit anti-ship missiles with UVP for 80 modern missiles, such as Caliber, Onyx and, in the future, Zircon. As for the air defense system, initially there were a lot of rumors in the press about the installation of the Polyment-Redut system on the TARKR. It is possible that initially such plans existed, but then, apparently, they were abandoned, or perhaps these were originally speculations of journalists. The fact is that the Redoubt is still nothing more than a medium-range air defense system, and the complexes based on the S-300 have a much longer arm. Therefore, the information that Admiral Nakhimov will receive Fort-M, similar to the one installed on Peter the Great, looks most realistic. It can also be assumed that the complex will be adapted to use the latest missiles used in the S-400, although this is not a fact. "Metal cutters" AK-630 will be replaced, according to available data, by ZRAK "Dagger-M". In addition, it was planned to install the anti-torpedo complex "Packet-NK".

On the terms of repair and modernization. Generally speaking, the Admiral Nakhimov TARKR has been at Sevmash since 1999, and in 2008 spent nuclear fuel was unloaded from it. In fact, the ship was more in the sludge than under repair. The contract for modernization was concluded only in 2013, but the preparatory repair work began earlier - from the moment it became clear that the contract would be awarded. It was assumed that the cruiser would be handed over to the fleet in 2018, then in 2019, then the date 2018 was again called, then 2020, and now, according to the latest data, it will be 2021. In other words, even if we assume that the deadlines will once again not “leave” to the right, and count the start of repairs from the moment the contract was signed (and not from the actual date of the start of repairs), it turns out that the repair of Admiral Nakhimov will take 8 years.

A little about the cost. In 2012, Anatoly Shlemov, head of the state defense order department of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), said that the repair and modernization of the cruiser would cost 30 billion rubles, and the purchase of new weapons systems - 20 billion rubles, that is, the total cost of work on the Admiral Nakhimov » will amount to 50 billion rubles. But you need to understand that these were only preliminary figures.

We have long become accustomed to the situation when the terms of repairs of ships and the cost of their repair significantly increase from the initial ones. Shipbuilders are usually reproached for this, they say they have forgotten how to work, and appetites are growing, but such a reproach is not entirely true, and anyone who worked in production will understand me.

The thing is that a full assessment of the cost of repairs can be made only when the unit being repaired is disassembled and it is clear what exactly needs to be repaired and what needs to be replaced. But in advance, without disassembling the unit, determining the cost of its repair is akin to guessing on coffee grounds. The so-called preventive maintenance schedules help a lot in this "fortune-telling", but on one condition - when they are executed in a timely manner. But there was a problem with the repair of the ships of the fleet back in the USSR, and after 1991 it, one might say, disappeared - due to the lack of any repair.

And now, when a decision is made to modernize a particular ship, a kind of “pig in a poke” arrives at the shipyard and it’s almost impossible to guess what needs repair in it and what doesn’t. The real volumes of repair are already revealed during its implementation, and, of course, these “discoveries” increase both the repair time and its cost. The author of this article does not, of course, try to portray shipbuilders as “white and fluffy”, there are enough problems of their own, but the shift in terms and costs has not only subjective, but also quite objective reasons.

Therefore, it should be understood that the 50 billion rubles announced by Anatoly Shlemov in 2012 is only a preliminary estimate of the cost of repair and modernization of Admiral Nakhimov, which will increase significantly in the process of work. But even the indicated 50 billion rubles. in today's prices, if recalculated through official inflation data (and not through real inflation), they amount to 77.46 billion rubles, and taking into account the "natural" increase in the cost of repairs - perhaps at least 85 billion rubles, and maybe and more.

In other words, the repair and modernization of the TARKR project 1144 "Atlant" is an extremely long and costly thing. If we try to express its cost in comparable terms, then the return of the Admiral Nakhimov to service will cost us more than three frigates of the “Admiral” series or, for example, more expensive than the construction of a submarine of the Yasen-M type.

The next "candidate" for modernization is the Peter the Great TARKR. The cruiser, which entered service in 1998 and has not undergone major repairs since then, is time to make a “capital”, and if so, then at the same time it is also worth upgrading it. But the Admiral Lazarev, obviously, will not be modernized, and there are several reasons for this:

- Firstly, as mentioned above, the cost of modernization is extremely high.
- secondly, today in the Russian Federation only Sevmash can carry out repairs and modernization of this level of complexity, and in the next 8-10 years it will be occupied by Admiral Nakhimov and Peter the Great.
- thirdly, "Admiral Lazarev" went into operation in 1984, today he "knocked" for 34 years. Even if we put it at the shipyard right now, and taking into account that it will stay there for at least 7-8 years, after modernization it will hardly be able to serve more than 10-12 years. At the same time, "Ash", built with about the same money and in the same timeframe, will last at least 40 years.

Thus, even the immediate staging of the Admiral Lazarev for repair is a rather dubious undertaking, and even taking on its repair in a few more years will not make any sense at all. Unfortunately, all of the above also applies to the lead TARKR "Admiral Ushakov" ("Kirov").

In general, we can say the following: for some time, the situation with missile cruisers in the Russian Federation has stabilized. AT last years we had three ships of this class ready "for a campaign and battle": "Peter the Great", "Moscow" and "Varyag" were on the move, "Marshal Ustinov" was undergoing repairs and modernization. Now the Ustinov has returned to service, but it is high time for the Moscow to be repaired, then the Varyag will probably be repaired. At the same time, "Peter the Great" will be replaced by "Admiral Nakhimov", so we can expect that in the next 10 years we will have two permanently operating cruisers of project 1164 and one of project 1144. But in the future, the time will come for the Atlantes to gradually retire - after a decade, their service life will be 39-45 years., But the Admiral Nakhimov, perhaps, will remain in the fleet until 2035-2040.

Will they be replaced?

This may sound seditious, but it is completely unclear whether we need missile cruisers as a class of warships. It is clear that today the Russian Navy needs ANY warship, because their numbers have long since hit the bottom and in their current state the fleet cannot even ensure the fulfillment of such a key task as covering SSBN deployment areas. In addition, it should be understood that in the future, with the economic policy that the country's leadership is pursuing today, some rivers of abundance are not expected in our budget, and if we want to get someday capable and somehow meeting the tasks of the Navy , then they should choose the types of ships taking into account the cost-effectiveness criterion.

At the same time, it is extremely doubtful that the missile cruiser class satisfies this criterion. For ten years now, there have been talks about the creation of a promising destroyer, and after the start of the implementation of SAP 2011-2020, some details about the future project appeared. From them it became quite clear that, in fact, it was not a destroyer that was being designed, but a universal missile and artillery surface combat ship equipped with powerful strike weapons (various types of cruise missiles), zoned air defense, the basis of which was to be the S-400 air defense system, if not S -500, anti-submarine weapons, etc.

However, such universalism obviously does not fit into the dimensions of the destroyer (7-8 thousand tons of standard displacement), respectively, already at the very beginning it was said that the displacement of the ship of the new project would be 10-14 thousand tons. In the future, this trend continued - according to the latest data, the displacement of the Leader-class destroyer is 17.5-18.5 thousand tons, while its armament (again, according to unverified rumors) will be 60 anti-ship winged, 128 anti-aircraft and 16 anti-submarine missiles. In other words, this ship, in terms of size and combat power, which occupies an intermediate position between the modernized Orlan and Atlant and has a nuclear power plant, is a full-fledged missile cruiser. As stated in open press plans, it was planned to build 10-12 such ships, but more modest numbers of 6-8 units in the series also "slipped".

But what is the cost of implementing such a program? We have already seen that the repair and modernization of TARKR, according to preliminary (and clearly underestimated) forecasts in 2012, cost 50 billion rubles. but it is obvious that the construction of a new ship would be much more expensive. It would be completely unsurprising if the cost of the destroyer "Leader" in 2014 prices would be 90-120 billion rubles, or even more. At the same time, the cost of a prospective Russian aircraft carrier in 2014 was estimated at 100-250 billion rubles. In fact, of course, there were many assessments, but the words of Sergei Vlasov, the general director of the Nevsky Design Bureau, in this case are the most significant:

« I have already said something about American aircraft carrier cost in the recent past 11 billion dollars, that is, 330 billion rubles. Today it is already worth 14 billion dollars. Our aircraft carrier will, of course, be cheaper - from 100 to 250 billion rubles. If you equip it with various weapons, then the price will increase dramatically, if you put only anti-aircraft systems, the cost will be less" (RIA News).

At the same time, Sergei Vlasov clarified:

“If the future aircraft carrier has a nuclear power plant, then its displacement will be 80-85 thousand tons, and if it is non-nuclear, then 55-65 thousand tons.”

The author of this article does not at all call for another "holy war" in the comments between opponents and supporters of aircraft carriers, but only asks to take into account the fact that the implementation of the program for the serial construction of destroyers (and in fact - heavy nuclear cruisers) "Leader" in terms of its costs is quite comparable to the program to create an aircraft carrier fleet.

Let's summarize. Of the seven missile cruisers that did not go under the gas cutter until December 1, 2015, all seven have been preserved to date, but the two TARKRs, Admiral Ushakov and Admiral Lazarev, have no chance of returning to the fleet. In total, the Russian Navy still has five missile cruisers, of which three non-nuclear (project 1164) will leave service around 2028-2035, and two nuclear-powered ones may well survive even until 2040-2045.

But the problem is that today we have 28 large non-aircraft carrier ships of the oceanic zone: 7 cruisers, 19 destroyers and BODs and 2 frigates (including project 11540 TFRs). Most of them were commissioned back in the days of the USSR, and only a small number of them were laid down in the USSR and completed in the Russian Federation. They are becoming obsolete physically and morally and require replacement, but there is no replacement: to date, not a single large surface ship of the ocean zone has been built in the Russian Federation (from laying to delivery to the fleet). The only replenishment that the fleet can count on with some certainty in the next 6-7 years is four Project 22350 frigates, but you need to understand that these are frigates, that is, ships that are inferior in class to a destroyer, not to mention a missile cruiser.

Yes, we can say that the armament of frigates of the type "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" significantly exceeds what, for example, our Project 956 destroyers had. But you need to understand that for their time, the "nine hundred and fifty-sixths" were quite competitive with American destroyers type "Spruance", in response to which they were created. But the Gorshkov frigate, for all its undoubted merits, is absolutely no match for the modern version with its 96 UVP cells, LRASM anti-ship missiles and zonal air defense based on the SM-6 missile defense system.

Project Leader destroyers were positioned as replacements for Project 1164 missile cruisers, Project 956 destroyers and Project 1155 BODs, but where are these Leaders? There were speculations that the first ship of the series would be laid down before 2020, but this remained good intentions. As for the new SAP 2018-2025, at first there were rumors that the “Leaders” were completely removed from there, then there was a refutation that work on them would be carried out, but funding (and the pace of work) for this program was reduced. Will at least the first Leader be laid down before 2025? Mystery.

A reasonable alternative to the Leader could be the construction of Project 22350M frigates (in fact, Gorshkov, enlarged to the size of a Project 21956 destroyer, or Arleigh Burke, if you like). But so far we do not have not only a project, but even a technical task for its development.

There is only one conclusion from the above. The surface ocean fleet, inherited by the Russian Federation from the USSR, is dying, and, alas, nothing is replacing it. We still have a little time to somehow correct the situation, but it is rapidly ending.

Heavy nuclear cruiser "Peter the Great" / Photo: forum.worldofwarships.ru

The Peter the Great missile cruiser will undergo repairs and modernization in 2019, as a result of which by 2021 the Russian Navy will have two upgraded heavy nuclear missile cruisers (TARKR) of project 1144 Orlan, a source in the defense industry told RIA Novosti on Monday ".

“After the modernization, Admiral Nakhimov and Peter the Great will act at the head of surface ship groups”

Currently, the Sevmash enterprise in Severodvinsk is undergoing repairs and modernization of the Admiral Nakhimov TARKR, which is scheduled to be completed in 2018.

"Work on the modernization and repair of the Peter the Great can begin in 2019 after the repair and modernization of the Admiral Nakhimov is completed by the end of 2018. Thus, by 2021 the Navy will have two modernized heavy nuclear missile cruisers ", - said the source of the agency.

After the modernization, Admiral Nakhimov and Peter the Great will act at the head of groups of surface ships, the source specified. () Project 1144 Orlan TARKR is the world's largest non-aircraft-carrying attack warships with a nuclear power plant. These cruisers are designed to destroy large surface and coastal targets, to provide integrated air defense and anti-submarine defense.

The ships of this project have a displacement of 25.8 thousand tons and a length of 250 meters, the crew is 759 people, including 120 officers, RIA Novosti reported.

Technical reference

Order of Nakhimov nuclear cruiser "Peter the Great"- the fourth in a row and the only heavy nuclear missile cruiser (TARKR) of the third generation of project 1144 "Orlan" in construction. As of 2011, it is the world's largest operating non-aircraft-carrying strike warship. It is the flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy.

The main purpose is to destroy enemy aircraft carrier groups.

"Peter the Great" in May 2010 / Photo: ru.wikipedia.org

Designer - Northern Design Bureau.

The cruiser was laid down in 1986 on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard (at the laying it was called Kuibyshev, then Yuri Andropov). April 25, 1989 launched. Renamed to "Peter the Great" by decree of the President of the Russian Federation on April 22, 1992. In 1998 he joined the fleet.

Industrial enterprises carry out constant work on the cruiser, they allow for eleven years in a row to carry out trips to the sea without placing the ship in an average factory repair. The Central Design Bureau-designer withdrew from work on the ship, considering them unprofitable. Before the renaming, "Peter the Great" bore tail number 183, now tail number is 099.

The construction of the last ship of project 1144 began in 1986. After 10 years, the cruiser went to sea ​​trials. In accordance with the state test plan, the running program was carried out in harsh conditions Arctic.

On October 27, 1996, a steam pipeline ruptured in the forward engine room, under a pressure of 35 atmospheres and a dry steam temperature of 300 ° C. Two sailors and three workers of the commissioning team were killed.

Photo: en.wikipedia.org

When investigating the cause, it was revealed that the burst pipe was installed in 1989 and did not correspond to the project in terms of thickness and steel grade. In March 1998, the nuclear cruiser was transferred to the fleet under the name "Peter the Great".

Despite the fact that the term warranty obligations The Baltic Shipyard has expired, the enterprise, for the first time in world practice, continues to carry out maintenance of the cruiser. This decision was made by the command of the Navy due to the fact that the personnel of the ship did not have sufficient skills in maintaining and operating the equipment of the cruiser. Terms government contract, Baltic Shipyard will continue technical support of Peter the Great until the first scheduled overhaul in 2008.

On the night of August 12-13, 2000, the cruiser was the first to discover and anchor at the crash site of the Kursk APRK, waiting for rescue ships. The cruiser also patrolled the area during the rise of the Kursk.

Participated in the filming of the film "72 meters" (2004).

In October 2008, she passed through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea.

In December 2008, he took part in the joint naval exercises of the Russian Federation and Venezuela "VENRUS-2008", which began on December 1, 2008 in the Caribbean Sea. The detachment also includes the anti-submarine ship "Admiral Chabanenko".

On February 13, 2009, the cruiser detained 3 ships of Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden. Some analysts point out that catching small pirate ships is not quite the job for which a heavy nuclear cruiser is intended.

On March 30, 2010, the Peter the Great TARKR left Severomorsk to conduct exercises in the far sea zone (senior campaign - Captain 1st Rank S. Yu. Zhuga), which marked the beginning of the largest Russian Navy exercises in recent years in the world ocean. The cruiser must pass through the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans and arrive in the Far East, where from June 28 to July 8, 2010, exercises were held to mark the 150th anniversary of Vladivostok.

The campaign of "Peter the Great" lasted until November 2010. On April 4, the cruiser successfully passed through the English Channel, on April 7, together with the patrol ship of the Baltic Fleet Yaroslav the Wise, through the Strait of Gibraltar and entered the Mediterranean Sea, after which the ships separated. On April 13-14, Peter the Great entered the Syrian port of Tartus. On April 16, he passed through the Suez Canal to the Red Sea, proceeding further to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, sailing together with the Moscow missile cruiser of the Black Sea Fleet.

Traveled 140,000 miles in 16 years.

On July 28, 2012, the Pyotr Veliky heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser was awarded the Order of Nakhimov by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "for courage, dedication and high professionalism shown by the personnel of the ship in the performance of combat missions of command." On January 10, 2013, President V.V. Putin, during his visit to Severomorsk, presented an award to the commander of the cruiser. The order's naval flag with the image of the Order of Nakhimov was raised on the ship.

Tactical and technical indicators

Service:	Russia
Vessel class and type	Heavy nuclear missile cruiser project 1144 "Orlan"
Home port	Severomorsk
Organization	Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy
Manufacturer	Baltic plant
Construction started	1986
Launched into the water	1989
Commissioned	1998
Status	In service
Awards	Order of Nakhimov
Main characteristics
Displacement, t	23 750 - standard; 25 860 - complete
Length, m (at the waterline)	262 (230)
Width, m	28,5
Height (from the main plane), m	59
Draft, m	10,3
Engines	2 boilers 2 nuclear reactor
Power, hp (MW)	140 000 (103 )
mover	2 propellers
Travel speed, knot	32
cruising range	unlimited (on the reactor) 1000 days on boilers at 17 knots
Autonomy of navigation, days	60
Crew	635 (105 officers, 130 midshipmen, 400 sailors)
Armament
Artillery	1 × AK-130
Flak	6 × ZRAK "Dagger"
Missile weapons	20 × anti-ship missiles P-700 "Granit" S-300F "Fort" air defense system (48 missiles) S-300FM "Fort-M" air defense system (46 missiles) 16 × PU SAM "Dagger" (128 missiles) 6 × 16 ZRAK "Kortik" (144 missiles)
Anti-submarine weapons	1 × RBU-12000 2 × RBU-1000
Mine and torpedo armament	10 × 533 mm TA (20 torpedoes or PLUR "Waterfall")
Aviation group	3 × Ka-27

Technical reference

Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov"(TARKr) Project 1144 Orlan nuclear-powered missile cruiser of the Russian Northern Fleet.

The world's largest non-aircraft attack warship. It is designed to destroy large surface targets, protect naval formations from air attacks and enemy submarines in remote areas of the seas and oceans. In NATO, he was called the "aircraft carrier killer".

History of the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov"

• Laid down May 17, 1983.
• April 25, 1986 launched
• December 30, 1988 entered service
• Until 1992 it had the name "Kalinin"
  
• April 22, 1992 renamed "Admiral Nakhimov"

Since 1999, it has been idle in Severodvinsk, waiting for repairs.

Tnuclear-powered missile cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" (formerly "Kalinin") of project 11442 in the sludge at JSC "PO" Sevmash ". Severodvinsk / Photo: dokwar.ru

In the design configuration, the Orlans were armed with anti-ship missile systems"Granit", anti-submarine missiles "Vodopad-NK", rocket launchers "Smerch-3" and "Udav-1", artillery mounts AK-130, anti-aircraft missile systems "Fort" and anti-aircraft system "Osa-MA", torpedo devices of caliber 533 mm. On board, it is planned to place an air group of three Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopters.

Of the four ships of this project, only one remained in the Navy - the flagship of the Northern Fleet TARK "Peter the Great". The other three "Orlan" mothballed: "Admiral Lazarev" rusting in the Pacific Fleet, "Admiral Ushakov" and "Admiral Nakhimov" - in the North. The TARK "Admiral Nakhimov" (until 1992 was named "Kalinin") was laid down at the Baltic Shipyard in 1983, accepted into the Soviet Navy in 1988, and made its last voyage in 1997. Since 1999, it has been standing “at the wall” at Sevmashpredpriyatie (part of USC).

Modernization plans:

A few months ago, the future of the heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Admiral Nakhimov was announced. It was alleged that in the near future it would be repaired and by 2018-20 it would return to the Navy. The technical and economic details of such a project were not disclosed, and the next few years were determined to start work. Last Thursday, June 13, the press service of the Sevmash shipyard published new data regarding the modernization of the cruiser. The plant and the Ministry of Defense have signed a corresponding contract and will begin its implementation in the very near future.

As follows from the official information, so far only the main agreement has been concluded, in accordance with which the work will proceed. At the same time, the project itself, in accordance with which the ship will be modernized, does not yet exist. The Minister of Defense has already approved the main tactical and technical requirements for the updated cruiser, but the contract for the development of the modernization project has not yet been concluded. The project developer will be the Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg). This organization at one time created the project 1144 "Orlan", in accordance with which the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" was built, and now it will be engaged in its renewal and modernization.

Photo: dokwar.ru

While the Ministry of Defense and the Northern Design Bureau are negotiating the terms of the contract, preparatory work continues at Sevmash. Factory workers prepare technological equipment, and also check various components and assemblies of the ship. A preliminary survey of the cruiser will identify the main shortcomings and take them into account in a timely manner when developing a modernization project. Next year it is planned to dry-dock the ship in the hydroelectric complex of the enterprise (a drained bulk basin measuring 159x325 meters). Prior to this procedure, "Admiral Nakhimov" will stand at the quay wall of the plant, where it has been since the late nineties.

In the course of the upcoming work, it is planned to dismantle a large number of components and assemblies of the ship. Due to the lack of timely full service, the Admiral Nakhimov is currently in serious condition. According to the head of the repair, modernization and warranty supervision department of the Sevmash plant, S. Khviyuzov, 70% of the removed equipment will have to be replaced. It is not difficult to imagine the scale of the work ahead. The first deputy general director of the enterprise, S. Marichev, compared the amount of work on the modernization of the Admiral Nakhimov with the recent repair and upgrade of the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya.

The financial details of the upcoming modernization have not yet been officially announced, which led to the emergence of various opinions and assessments. For example, the official blog of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies gives a figure of 50 billion rubles, which is planned to be spent on modernization. There has not yet been any official confirmation or refutation of this information, and therefore such information is purely evaluative. Moreover, at present it can be assumed that the customer, represented by the Ministry of Defense, and the executors, represented by Sevmash and the Northern Design Bureau, have not yet decided on the exact figures. In the case of a deep modernization, it will be necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the state of the ship. The results of such a survey can seriously affect the estimate, and under certain circumstances, force the project to be abandoned.

The technical details of the upgrade were also not disclosed. Earlier in the media, with or without reference to sources in the military department and industry, it was stated that new electronic systems were being installed, as well as a radical upgrade of the weapons complex. According to some reports, the updated Admiral Nakhimov should receive Caliber missiles instead of the existing Granites and several new anti-aircraft missile systems that are superior in performance to the already installed weapons. Some time ago, a number of sources mentioned that the ship would be able to carry up to 300 missiles of all available types. In view of the time of appearance of this information, it is difficult to say how true it will be. It is likely that during the preliminary study of the modernization project, similar options were considered.

However, the greatest interest is not the cost of the project and its technical details, but the factor that combines both of these aspects - expediency. The debate about the need to modernize the Admiral Nakhimov cruiser has continued since the first news of such plans appeared, and now it has flared up with renewed vigor. In numerous discussions, arguments are made for and against updating the old ship, supported by facts and analytics. At the same time, the arguments of both sides look plausible and logical.

The opinion about the need to modernize and return to service "Admiral Nakhimov" is supported by several facts. First of all, it is noted that in the course of work on updating the heavy nuclear missile cruiser, it will not be necessary to build a new hull. In fact, the entire modernization will consist in the replacement of equipment and some repair or alteration of the ship's design itself. We cannot exclude the possibility of a serious redesign of the design, but under certain circumstances it will be much cheaper than building a new ship of a similar class. The second argument in favor of modernization is the prospects for the ship. The nuclear power plant gives the cruiser high driving performance, which, in combination with new weapons, will give it a combat potential sufficient to serve for the next 15-20 years.

Photo: dokwar.ru

Opponents of modernization also make reasonable arguments. For example, they argue that upgrading just one heavy nuclear missile cruiser will cost the same amount as building several Project 22350 or 11356R/M frigates at once. Having a smaller size and displacement, these ships, however, will carry the same weapons and, probably, a similar set of electronic equipment. Naturally, several smaller ships will be able to simultaneously perform more tasks than one large one. The second claim to update "Admiral Nakhimov" concerns the final cost of such a project. As practice shows, the cost of any construction and modernization tends to gradually increase due to constantly arising unforeseen problems. Therefore, now it is impossible to say how the current estimated 50 billion will grow before 2018.

It is worth noting that it is the question of the expediency of such large costs that is the main topic of all discussions. At the same time, opponents of modernization speak not only about the estimated amount of the contract, but also about an increase in the actual cost of the work. For example, during the repair and renovation of the Vikramaditya aircraft carrier, the financial aspects of the project were repeatedly reviewed and the final cost of the ship turned out to be significantly higher than originally planned. According to opponents of the modernization of "Admiral Nakhimov", the Russian cruiser will not be able to avoid this. Proponents, in turn, point out that the renewal of Vikramaditya was the first such project in several decades. During the work on the aircraft carrier, Russian shipbuilders gained the necessary experience and therefore can now quickly and efficiently modernize the nuclear missile cruiser.

Judging by the length and course of the discussions, the issue of the need to repair and modernize the Admiral Nakhimov heavy nuclear missile cruiser is indeed complex and ambiguous. For every argument there is a counterargument and this only provokes the continuation of the discussion. However, the message of the press service of Sevmash speaks clearly and clearly about the position of the Ministry of Defense. The signing of the work contract clearly shows that the leadership of the military department and the command of the navy see the need to return the warship to service. So far, the possibility of abandoning these plans due to unsatisfactory condition cannot be ruled out, but such a development of events is unlikely, since Admiral Nakhimov was chosen for modernization, among other things, because of an acceptable condition.

Over the next months, employees of Sevmash, the Nevsky Design Bureau and the Ministry of Defense will determine the details of the modernization project and begin the main work. It is already clear that the project will be complex, lengthy and expensive. I would like to hope that the Ministry of Defense has carefully analyzed all the arguments for and against the modernization of the cruiser and investments of tens of billions of rubles will be fully justified.

Characteristics of the cruiser Admiral Nakhimov

	Project 1144	project 11442
Crew, people	759 (including 120 officers)	760 (including 120 officers)
Length, m	250.1	250.1
Width, m	28.5	28.5
Draft, m	7.8 (overall - 10.33)	7.8 (overall - 10.33)
Displacement standard, t	25860	24300
Full speed, knots	31	31
Travel speed on the reserve "non-nuclear" pair, knots	17
cruising range	not limited	not limited
Cruising range on a reserve "non-nuclear" pair, miles	1000
Autonomy, days	60	60

MOSCOW, WEAPON OF RUSSIA, Stanislav Zakaryan
www.site
12

The Russian Navy has 203 surface ships and 71 submarines, including 23 nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. The defense capability of Russia at sea is provided by modern and powerful ships.

"Peter the Great"

The heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great is the world's largest non-aircraft-carrying strike ship. Capable of destroying groups of enemy aircraft carriers. The only afloat cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 "Orlan". Built at the Baltic Shipyard and launched in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years.

For 16 years, the cruiser has traveled 140,000 miles. The flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy, port of registry - Severomorsk.
With a width of 28.5 meters, it has a length of 251 meters. Full displacement 25860 tons.
Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbine generators are capable of providing energy to a city with a population of 200,000. Can reach speeds up to 32 knots, cruising range is not limited. The crew of 727 people can be in autonomous navigation for 60 days.
Armament: 20 SM-233 launchers with P-700 Granit cruise missiles, firing range - 700 km. Anti-aircraft complex "Rif" S-300F (96 vertical launch missiles). Anti-aircraft system "Kortik" with a stock of 128 missiles. Gun mount AK-130. Two anti-submarine missile and torpedo systems "Waterfall", anti-torpedo complex "Udav-1M". rocket launchers bombing RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Smerch-3". Three Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters can be based on board.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov"

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (project 11435). Built at the Black Sea Shipyard, launched in 1985. He bore the names "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991, he became part of the Northern Fleet. Carried out military service in the Mediterranean, participated in the rescue operation during the death of the Kursk. Three years later, according to the plan, it will go for modernization.
The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, the total displacement is 55,000 tons. Max Speed- 29 knots. A crew of 1960 can stay at sea for a month and a half.
Armament: 12 Granit anti-ship missiles, 60 Udav-1 missiles, 24 Blade (192 missiles) and Kashtan (256 missiles) air defense systems. Can carry 24 Ka-27 helicopters, 16 Yak-41M supersonic aircraft vertical takeoff and up to 12 Su-27K fighters.

"Moscow"

"Moskva", guards missile cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built at the shipyards of the plant named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev. It was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. Flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
Participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.
With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11,490 tons. Maximum speed 32 knots. Cruising range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew of 510 people can be in the "autonomy" for a month.
Armament: 16 P-500 Bazalt mounts, two AK-130 gun mounts, six AK-630 6-barrel gun mounts, B-204 S-300F Rif air defense systems (64 missiles), Osa-MA air defense system launchers (48 missiles), torpedo tubes, RBU-6000 rocket launchers, Ka-27 helicopter.
A copy of the "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.

"Dagestan"

Patrol ship "Dagestan" was commissioned in 2012. Built at the Zelenodolsk shipyard. In 2014, it was transferred to the Caspian Flotilla. This is the second ship of project 11661K, the first - "Tatarstan" is the flagship of the Caspian Fleet.
"Dagestan" has a more powerful and modern weapons: universal RK "Caliber-NK", which can use several types of high-precision missiles (firing range is more than 300 km), ZRAK "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with stealth technology.
With a width of 13.1 meters, "Dagestan" has a length of 102.2 meters, a displacement of 1900 tons. Can reach speeds up to 28 knots. The crew of 120 people can be in autonomous navigation for 15 days.
Four more such ships have been laid down at the shipyards.

"Persistent"

The flagship of the Baltic Fleet, the destroyer Nastoychivy, was built at the Zhdanov Leningrad Shipyard and launched in 1991. Designed to destroy ground targets, anti-aircraft and anti-ship defense formations.
With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people can stay at sea without calling at the port for up to 30 days.
The destroyer carries a KA-27 helicopter. It is equipped with twin AK-130/54 gun mounts, AK-630 six-barrel mounts, P-270 Moskit mounts, six-barreled rocket launchers, two Shtil air defense systems and torpedo tubes.

"Yury Dolgoruky"

The nuclear submarine "Yuri Dolgoruky" (the first submarine of project 955 "Borey") was laid down in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. Port of registry - Gadzhiyevo. Part of the Northern Fleet.
The length of the boat is 170 meters, the underwater displacement is 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 knots, underwater - 29 knots. Crew 107 people. It can carry out combat duty for three months without entering the port.
"Yuri Dolgoruky" carries 16 Bulava ballistic missiles, is equipped with PHR 9R38 "Igla", 533-millimeter torpedo tubes, six REPS-324 "Barrier" acoustic countermeasure installations. In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built at Russian shipyards.

"Severodvinsk"

Multi-purpose nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk" became the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 Ash. The most "quiet" submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014, it became part of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Port of registry - Zapadnaya Litsa.
With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, an underwater displacement of 13,800 tons,
Surface speed "Severodvinsk" is 16 knots, underwater - 31 knots. Endurance of navigation - 100 days, crew - 90 people.
It has a modern silent nuclear reactor of a new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo tubes, P-100 Oniks, Kh-35, ZM-54E, ZM-54E1, ZM-14E cruise missiles. Carries X-101 strategic cruise missiles and can hit targets within a radius of up to 3,000 kilometers. Until 2020, Russia plans to build six more Yasen-class submarines.