Open switchgear (or). Open switchgear (OPU) Busbar at a 110 kV substation
Open switchgear (OSD) - distribution
a device whose equipment is located outdoors. All
outdoor switchgear elements are placed on concrete or metal bases.
The distances between elements are selected according to the PUE. At voltages of 110 kV and above under devices that use oil for operation
(oil transformers, switches, reactors) oil receivers are created - recesses filled with gravel. This measure is aimed at reducing the likelihood of a fire and reducing damage during
accidents on such devices. Outdoor switchgear busbars can be made both in the form of rigid pipes and in the form of flexible wires. Rigid pipes are mounted on racks using support insulators, and flexible pipes are suspended on portals using hanging insulators. The territory on which the outdoor switchgear is located must be fenced.
Advantages of outdoor switchgear:
Outdoor switchgear allows you to use arbitrarily large electric
devices, which, in fact, explains their use at high voltage classes.
When producing outdoor switchgear, no extra construction costs are required
premises.
Open switchgears are more practical than closed switchgear in terms of modernization and expansion
Visual inspection of all outdoor switchgear devices
Disadvantages of outdoor switchgear:
Difficulty working with outdoor switchgear under adverse weather conditions.
The outdoor switchgear is much larger than the indoor switchgear.
As conductors for outdoor switchgear busbars and branches from them
stranded wires of grades A and AC are used, as well as rigid
tubular tires. At voltages of 220 kV and above, splitting is required
wires to reduce corona losses.
The length and width of the outdoor switchgear depends on the selected station layout, location
switches (single-row, double-row, etc.) and power lines. In addition, access roads for automobile or
railway transport. The outdoor switchgear must have a fence with a height of at least 2.4 m. In the outdoor switchgear, live parts of devices, busbar conductors and
To avoid intersections, branches from busbars are placed on
different heights in two and three tiers. For flexible wires, busbars
placed in the second tier, and the branch wires in the third.
Minimum distance from the first tier conductors to the ground for 110 kV
3600 mm, 220 kV - 4500 mm. Minimum vertical distance between
wires of the first and second tiers, taking into account the sag of the wires for 110 kV - 1000 mm, for 220 kV - 2000 mm. The minimum distance between the wires of the second and third tiers for 110 kV is 1650 mm, for 220 kV - 3000 mm.
Minimum permissible insulating distances (in centimeters) in the clear
in the air of open installations between bare wires of different
phases, between live parts or insulation elements located
energized and grounded parts of structures:
Complete switchgear with gas insulation
(GIS)
Complete gas-insulated switchgear consists of cells whose space is filled with SF6 gas under pressure, connected into various switchgear circuits in accordance with technical design standards. GIS cells are made from standardized parts, which makes it possible to assemble cells for various purposes from the same elements. These include: poles of switches, disconnectors and grounding switches; measuring
current and voltage transformers; connecting and intermediate compartments; busbar sections; pole and distribution cabinets, pressure control system cabinets and voltage transformer cabinets. Each type of cell consists of three identical poles and control cabinets. Each pole of a linear, sectional or busbar connecting cell has a switch with a drive and its control elements, a disconnector with a remote electric drive, grounding switches with a manual drive,
current transformers and pole cabinets. Voltage transformer cells do not have switches or current transformers. Cells and their
The poles are connected by one or two single-pole or three-pole busbar systems.
Linear cells have terminals for connection to current conductors and
outgoing cables. The cells are connected to power cables using specially designed cable glands, and to overhead lines using gas-filled glands.
The safety and reliability of power supply depends on the switches,
protecting electrical networks from short circuits. Traditionally on
power plants and substations installed air circuit breakers
isolation. Depending on the rated voltage of the air
switch, the distance between live parts and ground may
be tens of meters, resulting in the installation of such a device
requires a lot of space. In contrast, the SF6 circuit breaker is very compact, and therefore the switchgear takes up a relatively small usable volume. The area of a substation with switchgear is ten times smaller than the area of a substation with air circuit breakers. The current conductor is an aluminum pipe in which the current-carrying busbar is installed, and is designed to connect individual cells and gas-insulated gas-insulated equipment of the substation. Also, current and voltage measuring transformers, voltage limiters (OSL), grounding switches and disconnectors are built into the switchgear cell.
Thus, the cell contains all the necessary equipment and
devices for transmission and distribution of electricity of various voltages. And all this is enclosed in a compact, reliable case. The cells are controlled in cabinets installed on the side walls.
The distribution cabinet contains all the equipment for remote electrical control, alarm and interlock circuits
elements of cells.
The use of switchgear can significantly reduce areas and volumes,
occupied by the switchgear and provide the possibility of easier expansion of switchgear compared to traditional switchgear. Other important advantages of GIS include:
Multifunctionality - busbars are combined in one housing,
switch, disconnectors with grounding disconnectors, current transformers, which significantly reduces the size and increases
reliability of outdoor switchgear;
Explosion and fire safety;
High reliability and resistance to environmental influences;
Possibility of installation in seismically active areas and areas with increased pollution;
Lack of electric and magnetic fields;
Safety and ease of use, ease of installation and dismantling.
Small dimensions
Resistance to pollution.
Cells, individual modules and elements allow switchgear switchgear to be configured according to various electrical circuits. The cells consist of three poles, cabinets and busbars. The cabinets contain equipment for alarm circuits, interlocks, remote electrical control, control of SF6 gas pressure and its supply to the cell, and power supply of drives with compressed air.
Cells for rated voltage 110-220 kV have a three-pole
or pole-pole control, and 500 kV cells - only pole-pole
control.
The cell pole includes:
Switching devices: switches, disconnectors, grounding switches;
Current and voltage measuring transformers;
Connecting elements: busbars, cable glands (“oil gas”), feedthroughs (“air-sulfur hexafluoride”), gas conductors and
The cost of switchgear is quite high compared to traditional types of switchgear, so it is used only in cases where its advantages are extremely necessary - this is during construction in cramped conditions, in urban environments to reduce noise levels and for architectural aesthetics, in places where it is technically impossible to place switchgear or closed switchgear, and in areas where the cost of land is very high, as well as in aggressive environments to protect live parts and increase the service life of equipment and in seismically active zones.
http://smartenergo.net/articles/199.html
STO 56947007-29.060.10.005-2008
STANDARD OF THE ORGANIZATION OF JSC FGC UES
Guidance document for the design of rigid busbars for outdoor switchgear and indoor switchgear 110-500 kV
Date of introduction 2007-06-25
Preface
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying the organization standard are GOST R 1.4-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Standards of organizations. Basic provisions”.
Information about the Guidance Document
1 DEVELOPED: LLC Scientific and Production Association "Technoservice-Electro"
2. PERFORMERS: A.P. Dolin; M.A.Kozinova
3. INTRODUCED: Department of Current Planning Maintenance, repairs and diagnostics of equipment, Directorate of Technical Regulation and Ecology of JSC FGC UES
4. APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT: by order of JSC FGC UES dated June 25, 2007 N 176
5. INTRODUCED: FOR THE FIRST TIME
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Application area
The guidance document is intended for the design of rigid busbars for outdoor switchgear and closed switchgear 110-500 kV and defines the scope of its application, as well as the requirements for the main elements and assemblies: busbars, branches, insulating (busbar) supports, busbar holders, temperature deformation compensators.
The guidance document is recommended for use by design organizations, manufacturing plants, testing centers, as well as operating and installation enterprises.
Normative references
This Guidance Document uses Normative references to the following standards:
, 7th ed.
Rules for electrical installations, 6th ed.
GOST 10434-82. Welded contact electric. Classification. General technical requirements.
GOST 14782-86. Welded connections. Ultrasonic methods.
GOST 15150-69. Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors.
GOST 1516.2-97. Electrical equipment and electrical installations of alternating current for voltage 3 kV and higher. General methods for testing electrical insulation strength.
GOST 16962.1-89
GOST 16962.2-90. Electrical products. Test methods for resistance to mechanical external influences.
GOST 17441-84. Electrical contact connections. Acceptance and test methods.
GOST 17516.1-90. Electrical products. General requirements in terms of resistance to mechanical external influences.
GOST 18482-79. Pipes pressed from aluminum and aluminum alloys. Technical conditions.
GOST R 50254-92 *. Short circuits in electrical installations. Methods for calculating the electrodynamic and thermal effects of short circuit current.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 52736-2007 is valid, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
GOST R 51155-98. Linear fittings. Acceptance rules and test methods.
GOST 6996-66. Welded joints. Methods for determining mechanical properties.
GOST 8024-90. AC apparatus and electrical devices for voltages over 1000 V. Heating standards for continuous operation and test methods.
SNiP 2.01.07-85. Loads and impacts.
SNiP 23-01-99. Construction climatology.
RD 34.45-51.300-97. Scope and standards for testing electrical equipment.
Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are used in this Guidance Document:
Hard tire- busbar of outdoor switchgear and closed switchgear, made of rigid busbars, usually made of aluminum alloy pipes.
Outdoor switchgear (ZRU) with rigid busbar- switchgear, in which the busbars and/or busbars of intra-cell connections are made of rigid busbars.
2 Scope of application of rigid busbars
2.1 Rigid busbar can be used in outdoor switchgear of all voltages. The choice of the type of outdoor switchgear and closed switchgear busbar (rigid or flexible) is determined by technical and economic requirements and depends on the parameters of the electrical installation: voltage, operating current, short circuit current (short circuit), electrical connection diagram, requirements for outdoor switchgear designs, as well as expected climatic influences .
2.3 Structurally, a combination of flexible and rigid conductors, for example rigid busbars and flexible intra-cell connections, may be justified.
3 Technical requirements for rigid busbar elements
3.1 Rigid busbars include rigid busbars, busbar holders, thermal deformation compensators, descents or branches, insulators or insulating supports, building structures and other components.
3.2 All elements of the rigid busbar must meet:
- the level of the rated voltage of the electrical installation;
- established level of overvoltage;
- the highest operating current;
- maximum currents of one-, two- and three-phase short circuits (short circuits);
- conditions environment ,
;*
________________
*Here and below is a link to the list of references used.
- expected maximum wind pressure;
- the expected greatest glaze deposits;
- maximum and minimum air temperatures;
- the highest (summer) level of solar radiation;
- degree of air pollution;
- acceptable level of radio interference and absence of general corona.
3.3 Rigid tires must satisfy aesthetic and psychological aspects. In particular, tires should not have significant deflections from their own weight (including the weight of the branches), as well as their own weight and the weight of ice deposits, causing a negative reaction from operating personnel.
Sustained wind resonant vibrations of tires (across the air flow) caused by vortex shedding at relatively low wind speeds must be effectively suppressed (even in cases where such vibrations do not pose a danger to the tire structure due to mechanical strength conditions).
3.4 High technical and economic indicators of outdoor switchgear with rigid busbars can be achieved as a result of using the following solutions:
- industrial bus structures of high factory readiness, including modular complete substations (switchgears), quickly installed modules, etc.;
- outdoor switchgear layouts that make it possible to reduce the occupied area, as well as material consumption, through the use of structures with rigid busbars, in combination with other advanced equipment (insulated gas circuit breakers, pantographic and semi-pantographic disconnectors, combined instrument transformers, etc.);
- metal structures of supports and portals made of corrosion-resistant steels or steels with a reliable anti-corrosion coating, as well as lightweight pre-stressed reinforced concrete posts and supports;
- reduction in construction time for outdoor switchgear, reduction in volumes or complete refusal to carry out welding work at the installation site, low busbar profile, etc.;
- ease of diagnostic testing, which ensures reliable operation of the busbar.
4 Selection of material, section shape, span length of busbars, branches and intra-cell connections
4.1 In an outdoor switchgear or closed switchgear (hereinafter - RU) with a voltage of 110-500 kV, it is recommended to use rigid tubular busbars (ring-section busbars) that are most optimal in terms of corona conditions, radio interference, material consumption, cooling, wind and electrodynamic resistance.
It is possible to use flat and spatial busbar trusses (made from pipes of relatively small diameter), primarily when creating long-span structures. The use of such structures requires a separate feasibility study.
4.2 As a material for rigid busbars of RU 110 kV and above, aluminum alloys should be used, which have high strength and good electrical conductivity. These requirements are met primarily by alloy 1915T, as well as AVT1 (and their foreign analogues).
4.3 Busbars, as well as intra-cell connections of the lower tier, can be made rigid. Intra-cell connections of the upper tier, as a rule, are made with flexible (steel-aluminum) wires. Individual sections of busbars and intra-cell connections of the lower tier can also be flexible. The question of choosing the type of tire is determined, first of all, by design considerations and technical and economic indicators.
It should be taken into account that the permissible distances between phases, as well as between live parts and grounded equipment in switchgear with rigid conductors are significantly lower than with flexible ones. At the same time, the distances between the conductors of intra-cell connections are, as a rule, determined by the distance between the phases of the switches. Therefore, the choice of conductor type here is determined by design considerations, ease of installation and construction, taking into account technical and economic indicators.
4.4 Rigid tubular busbars in the outdoor switchgear must have plugs in the end parts that prevent birds from nesting. It is advisable to provide holes in the tire plugs for air circulation or drainage holes in the bottom of the tires in places where they deflect the most from their own weight and the weight of the branches to drain condensate.
4.5 The span length of busbars (the distance between adjacent insulating supports), as a rule, is chosen equal to the cell pitch. It is allowed to use spans that are multiples of the cell pitch or equal to half (or less) of the cell pitch.
4.6 The longest span length (distance between supports) is determined by design considerations and technical and economic indicators, taking into account the strength of busbars, insulating supports, the value of mechanical loads, and the presence of rigid and flexible branches. It is limited by the permissible tire deflection from its own weight, as well as from its own weight, taking into account the weight of ice (clause 9.11 of this Guidance Document).
The length of the whole (or welded) section of the tire is usually taken equal to the span length (Fig. 1, a). It is allowed to use whole (or welded) tires, the length of which is equal to two or more spans (Fig. 1, b, c). It is justified to use such buses as intra-cell connections.
Fig.1 Bus structures with one-, two- and multi-span continuous tires
Fig. 1 Busbar structures with one-, two- and multi-span continuous busbars: 1 - insulators; 2 - tires; 3 - bus holders; - thermal expansion compensators
4.7 The height of the busbars is determined by the requirements and is selected taking into account the passage of repair mechanisms, the level of electric field strength at a height equal to the height of a person, the parameters of the equipment used, the features of the electrical connection diagram and equipment layout, as well as the task of reducing the overall profile (height) of the outdoor switchgear.
4.8 Busbars can be directly mounted on support insulators, instrument transformers or electrical devices (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a), on extensions mounted on insulators (Fig. 2, b, c) or rigid busbars of the lower tier.
Fig.2 Options for installing busbars on support insulators: direct installation on insulating supports; mounting on vertical posts; fastening on V-shaped extensions. supports, insulators, tires, extensions
Fig.2 Options for installing busbars on support insulators: A- direct installation on insulating supports; b- mounting on vertical posts; V- fastening on V-shaped extensions. 1 - supports, 2 - insulators, 3 - tires, 4 - extensions
4.9 The material and profile of extensions are generally similar to tires. Extensions can be made in the form of vertical posts, V-shaped and other structures located in the plane of the axes of the insulators of each phase (Fig. 2, b, c, Fig. 3, a) or in the form of inclined posts (Fig. 3, b, c ). Extensions can be made in one, two or three phases depending on design considerations.
Fig.3 Busbars on vertical and inclined extensions
Fig.3 Busbars on vertical a) and inclined b), c) extensions: 1 - insulator, 2 - busbar; 3 - branch; 4 - disconnector.
It should be taken into account that the installation of busbars on extensions leads to an increase in bending moments on insulating supports under electrodynamic and wind influences, as well as to additional expense tire material.
4.10 Branches from rigid tubular busbars, as well as connections of individual sections of busbars, must be made by welding, crimping (for flexible conductors of descents) or certified factory-made crimp connectors. Detachable connections (including busbar holders - expansion joints) must be accessible for diagnostic thermal imaging monitoring using thermographic devices from ground level. Welded connections must be made in the factory. In exceptional cases, this work can be carried out at the installation site under the supervision of representatives of the manufacturer.
4.11 When making welded connections to tires made of aluminum alloys, it should be taken into account that as a result of annealing, the strength of the material decreases (clause 9.14). Not recommended welded joints in the area of the tire with the highest bending moment (mechanical stress) under static and dynamic loads.
4.12 The distances between the rigid busbars of switchgears 110 kV and above, as well as between live parts and grounded equipment, must meet the requirements, taking into account the possible greatest deviations of conductors and insulating supports at the highest design wind speed and after disconnecting two- and three-phase short circuits.
4.13 For fastening rigid busbars, porcelain and polymer support insulators and insulating supports are used.
As an exception, it is allowed to use busbar fastenings on suspended garlands of insulators to portals (Fig. 4). This solution makes it possible to reduce the distance between phases compared to flexible busbars (wires). However, as a rule, the solution with rigid busbars on suspended garlands of insulators is inferior in technical and economic indicators to traditional solutions with flexible conductors.
Fig.4 Fastening rigid busbars to suspension insulators
Fig.4 Fastening rigid busbars to suspension insulators
4.14 Tires must meet the conditions of heating in operating modes (load capacity), thermal, electrodynamic and wind resistance, and also meet the conditions of testing for corona, detuning from stable resonant oscillations (clause 4.6, section 8 of this Guidance Document).
5 Design of damping devices and methods for suppressing wind resonant vibrations
5.1 Tubular buses in outdoor switchgear are subject to vortex excitations (wind resonances, aeolian vibrations), which are accompanied by vibrations across the air flow. Such vibrations cause fatigue damage, primarily of contact connections, weakening of bolted structures, as well as a negative psychological impact on operating personnel.
5.2 To combat wind resonant vibrations, technical solutions should be used that provide increased energy dissipation when the tire oscillates in the vertical plane (across the air flow).
5.3 Reducing the level of vibration amplitude and increasing the efficiency of detuning from stable wind vibrations is facilitated by reducing the tire diameter and reducing the frequency of natural vibrations (for example, by installing additional weights on the tire).
5.4 To detune from resonances, it is possible to install special elements on the tires (for example, spoilers) that prevent the synchronous shedding of vortices along the length of the tire.
The use of interceptors is permissible only after full-scale testing (trial operation of individual spans), since their incorrect placement can provoke vortex excitations.
The tire (tire section) with installed spoilers must be tested for the absence of corona and radio interference in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.13.
5.5 Sufficient energy dissipation and effective suppression of stable resonant oscillations ensure:
- a wire, cable or rod installed inside the tire;
- structural damping in tire mounting points (in tire holders).
It is advisable to use specially designed tire holders that increase energy dissipation during tire vibrations.
5.6 It is allowed to check the effectiveness of the adopted design solutions for suppressing stable resonant oscillations (due to sufficient energy dissipation) based on the experimental determination of attenuation decrements when the tire oscillates in the vertical plane (with an oscillation amplitude equal to 1 to 5 tire diameters) and calculation results, in accordance with the instructions in p. .2.6 GOST R 50254-92. The calculation should be carried out without taking into account ice deposits, since the presence of ice, due to an increase in mass, helps to reduce the level of amplitude of resonant oscillations.
5.7 If the level of energy dissipation is insufficient to suppress wind resonant vibrations of the tires, the length of the cable laid inside the tire should be increased to a value equal to the span length, tire holders of a different design should be used that provide higher friction in the supporting section of the tire, tires of greater weight should be used or the recommendations of paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 of this Guidance Document.
6 Design of intra-cell connections and branches
6.1 Lower intra-cell connections and branches can be made with rigid pipes or steel-aluminum wires. The choice of conductors is determined, first of all, by design and technical and economic considerations, taking into account ease of installation. It is advisable to make the upper cell connections flexible. The use of rigid conductors is allowed, taking into account the recommendations of clauses 4.11 and 4.14 of this Guidance Document.
6.2 Requirements for rigid conductors of intra-cell connections are set out in sections 4 and 5 of this Guidance Document; flexible conductors are selected in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
6.3 Rigid branches from busbars are made L-shaped (upper, lower), arched and others (Fig. 5).
Fig.5 Options for rigid branches: L-shaped top; L-shaped top in two directions; arched top; L-shaped bottom; insulator; tires; branch; disconnector
Fig.5 Options for rigid branches: a - L-shaped upper; b - L-shaped top in two directions; c - arched top; g - L-shaped lower; 1 - insulator; 2 - tires; 3 - branch; 4 - disconnector
6.4 Connections between busbars and rigid branches should be made with certified factory-made crimp-type fasteners or by welding, which is carried out at the manufacturer. Elements with welded connections are used for installation in the form of complete units.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to carry out welding work at the installation site under the supervision of representatives of the manufacturer.
It is advisable to make welded connections at the manufacturer's plant and use them as complete branch units.
6.5 Branches from busbars with flexible conductors can be made using pressed clamps welded to rigid busbars at the factory or using special certified factory-made crimp-type fasteners shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 An example of a flexible conductor branch unit from a busbar, made using a factory-made crimp-type connection
Fig. 6 An example of a flexible conductor branch unit from a busbar, made using a factory-made crimp-type connection.
6.6 The connection of rigid tubular busbars to the flat terminals of devices can be carried out by adapters connected to the busbar by welding or by factory-made adapter busbar holders, providing the necessary electrical contact (Fig. 7), and, if necessary, compensation for temperature deformations of the rigid busbar. Electrical devices should not experience additional loads from thermal deformation of the tires.
Fig.7 Option for connecting a tubular busbar to the device
Fig.7 Option for connecting a tubular busbar to the device
6.7 The span length of the intra-cell connections of the lower tier is usually less than the span length of the busbar. In this case, rigid intra-cell connections experience lower resulting loads (electrodynamic, wind, ice, from their own weight) than busbars. Therefore, it is allowed to use less strong aluminum alloys as the material for intra-cell connections than in busbars, but with greater electrical conductivity (AVT1, AD33, etc. instead of 1915T), if the use of different alloys reduces the material consumption of the busbar and meets all other requirements.
6.8 The span length of the busbars of the lower tier of intra-cell connections is determined by the distances between devices, other cell equipment and design considerations.
7 Design of thermal strain compensators and busbar holders
7.1 Temperature deformations (elongation and compression) of tires should not lead to additional forces on insulating supports, devices, instrument transformers and other equipment, as well as to additional mechanical stress in tire material.
7.2 Free longitudinal movement of tires over the entire possible temperature range is ensured by thermal deformation compensators. Compensation for thermal expansion due to deformation at turning points is not allowed.
7.3 The lowest tire temperature is equal to the minimum air temperature in the area where the outdoor switchgear is located. The highest bus temperature occurs during a short circuit with the highest expected current and duration. With a margin, the highest tire temperature can be taken equal to the permissible tire temperature at a short circuit of 200 °C (clause 9.9 of this Guidance Document).
7.4 Thermal deformation compensators are installed in the support sections of the tire and can be made as a single unit with a tire holder.
7.5 Compensation for thermal expansion of busbars is provided by flexible connections, which are recommended to be made of steel-aluminum or aluminum wires. The number of wires must be at least two. The total cross-section of the wires is determined by their total load capacity and thermal resistance.
7.6 Flexible connections (wires) of thermal deformation compensators can be attached directly to busbars or to factory-made crimp busbar holders (Fig. 8). In the latter case, longitudinal movements of the tires are ensured due to the possibility of moving individual elements of the bus holders.
Fig. 8 Examples of temperature compensators with different methods of attaching flexible connections: to busbars; to bus holders
Fig.8 Examples of temperature compensators with in different ways fastening flexible connections: a) to tires; b) to the tire holders
7.7 When mounting a tire, two types of bus holders are used:
1) providing a fixed fastening of the tire (preventing its longitudinal movement);
2) tires with free fastening (with free longitudinal movement).
7.8 A continuous (solid, welded) section of a tire must have only one fixed fastening unit.
If a continuous section of a tire is equal to the length of the span (Fig. 1, a), then a fixed fastening unit is installed on one support (insulator) of the span, and a free fastening unit is installed on the other support.
7.9 In the fixed fastening points of split buses (Fig. 1, a), flexible conductors perform the functions of electrical communication, and in free fastening points, in addition, they act as temperature deformation compensators.
7.10 In addition to the main purpose (clause 7.9), the flexible connections of the expansion joints perform the functions of screens in the tire mounting unit. The effectiveness of shielding is checked in accordance with the instructions in clause 9.4 of this Guidance Document.
In the absence of flexible connections, as well as in case of unsatisfactory results of tests on the crown with flexible connections, it is necessary to install a separate electrostatic screen.
7.11 Tire holders (temperature deformation compensators) in free tire fastening units must ensure longitudinal movement of the tire during icy conditions.
7.12 Preference should be given to busbar holders that provide the least labor-intensive installation of the busbar (including eliminating or minimizing the amount of welding work and crimping of flexible structural elements). These requirements are best met by crimp-type bus holders, which have temperature deformation compensators in free fastening units (Fig. 8, b).
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Rigid bus-new complete production of LLC "T-ENERGY" is intended for the fulfillment of electrical connection between you-so-volt-us ap-pa-ra-ta-mi open-closed (OSU) and closed-closed (ZRU) distribution -de-li-tel-nyh devices 35-500 kV. A rigid bus can be used together with a flexible one, for example, in the form of rigid busbars with flexible internal connections.
Set of rigid buses for rated currents from 630 A to 4000 A from the same as for ty-po-outs , and for non-network circuits of racial devices.
In combination with hard-new errors, unique ones are used, from the point of view of reliability, connected tel-elements are shi-but-holding-with flexible connections. Shi-no-der-zha-te-li serve for the restoration of me-ha-no-che-efforts, working in the knots of co- Single, flexible connections are used to create reliable electrical connections between -ve-du-schi-mi-part-sti-mi. Li-tye buses with flexible connections are used to connect buses between each other and for connection to the equipment. For better adaptation to the conditions of mutual distribution of tires, specifically -but-the-structure-tion of high-voltage ap-pa-ra-tov and other designs-ra-bo-ta-but several mo-di-fi-ka-tions shi -but-keep-ja-te-lei. In 220 kV distribution devices, flexible bus connections are connected - press-ki.
Teh-ni-che-skie ha-rak-te-ri-sti-ki up to 110 kV
| 6(10) kV | OZhK 35 kV | OZhK 110 kV | |
| 6 (10) | 35 | 110 | |
| 7,2 (12) | 40,5 | 126 | |
| Nominal current, A | up to 2500, 3150, 4000 | 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000 |
|
| 3 | 3 | ||
| up to 50 | up to 50 | ||
| <0,1 сек), кА | up to 128 | up to 128 | |
| 32 | 32 | ||
| 20 | 20 | ||
| Ka-te-go-ria placement | 1 | 1,3 | |
| U, HL, UHL | U, HL, UHL | ||
| 16 | 16 | ||
| until 9 | until 9 | ||
Tekh-ni-che-skie ha-rak-te-ri-sti-ki 220 - 500 kV
| On-name-no-va-nie pa-ra-met-ra | OZhK 220 kV | OZhK 330 kV | OZhK 500 kV |
| Nominal voltage, kV | 220 | 330 | 500 |
| Highest working voltage, kV | 252 | 363 | 525 |
| Nominal current, A | 1000, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150 | 1600, 2500, 3150 | |
| Time for ter-mi-che-stability, sec. | 3 | 3 | |
| Nominal short-term current thermal resistance (3 sec.), kA | up to 50 | up to 63 | |
| The highest current of electrical resistance (shock value<0,1 сек), кА | up to 128 | up to 160 | |
| Maximum speed of wind pressure, m/s | 32 | 36 | |
| Up to the thickness of the ice on the walls, mm | 20 | 25 | |
| Ka-te-go-ria placement | 1,3 | 1 | |
| Cli-ma-ti-che-use and ka-te-go-ria placement according to GOST 15 150 | U, HL, UHL | U, HL, UHL | |
| Max-small-speed wind pressure at ho-lo-le-de, m/s | 16 | 16 | |
| The seismicity of the district in points on the MSK-64 scale | until 9 | until 9 | |
Busbar supports of flexible busbar type SHOSK 110 are designed for insulation and fastening of busbar wires in switchgears of power stations and substations for rated voltage up to 110 kV. As insulators in busbar supports, support rod insulators with a solid-cast silicone protective shell of type OSK 110 are used. The busbar supports of busbar supports are made of aluminum alloy. The use of SHOSK type busbar supports allows you to avoid mistakes when selecting appropriate insulators and busbar holders. The connecting dimensions of the busbar supports shown in the figures are recommended for the purpose of unification and can be changed upon request if necessary.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF FLEXIBLE BUS BUS SUPPORTS FOR VOLTAGE 110 kV
|
Parameter name |
meaning |
|
Rated voltage, kV |
|
|
Highest operating voltage, kV |
126 |
|
Full lightning impulse test voltage for bus supports of pollution degree 2 and 3, respectively, kV |
|
|
Test alternating short-term voltage in dry condition, kV |
|
|
Test alternating short-term voltage in the rain, kV |
|
|
Radio interference level, dB, no more |
|
|
Normalized mechanical destructive force for bending, at the level of the upper flange, kN, not less than: |
|
| Mechanical destructive force during compression, kN, not less | 140 |
|
Permissible wire tension, kN |
|
|
Maximum mass of fixed wires or apparatus components, taking into account ice conditions, according to the condition of ensuring seismic resistance 9 points, kg * |
|
|
Degree of pollution according to GOST 9920 |
|
|
Seismic resistance with rated and maximum loads from the weight of wires and device components on the MSK-64 scale, points, not less * |
|
|
Permissible wind speed without ice, m/s |
|
|
Permissible wind speed during ice conditions with a wall thickness of 20 mm, m/s |
Note: *) More detailed information on the seismic resistance of busbar supports for various masses of fixed elements of the electrical installation can be found at
CONNECTING DIMENSIONS OF BUS SUPPORTS FOR FLEXIBLE BUS BUS FOR 110 kV
|
Designation of bus support for flexible busbar |
Quantity |
Wire cross-section, mm 2, brands: |
Wire diameter, |
N page, |
Creepage distance, mm, not less |
№
|
|
|
A, |
AC, |
||||||
|
SHOSK 110-1-4-2 UHL1 |
150; |
70/72; |
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SHOSK 110-1-4-3 UHL1 |
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SHOSK 110-2-4-2 UHL1 |
|||||||
|
SHOSK 110-2-4-3 UHL1 |
|||||||
|
SHOSK 110-1-5-2 UHL1 |
350; |
185/128; |
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|
SHOSK 110-1-5-3 UHL1 |
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|
SHOSK 110-2-5-2 UHL1 |
|||||||
|
SHOSK 110-2-5-3 UHL1 |
|||||||
|
SHOSK 110-1-6-2 UHL1 |
550; |
500/26; |
|||||
|
SHOSK 110-1-6-3 UHL1 |
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|
SHOSK 110-2-6-2 UHL1 |
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|
SHOSK 110-2-6-3 UHL1 |
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Busbar supports are manufactured according to TU 3494-026-54276425-2014
By agreement with the customer, it is possible to manufacture busbar supports for three wires, for wires of other diameters and for any distance between wires in phase.
This project covers construction, electrical solutions, busbars and equipment for a 110 kV outdoor switchgear
In the archives of KM, KZH, EP 110 kV outdoor switchgear. PDF format
Outdoor switchgear 110 kV decoding - open switchgear 110,000 volt substation
List of drawings of the ES kit
Total information
Substation plan.
Prefabricated tires. Cell 110 kV W2G. TV2G
Cell 110 kV C1G, TV1G. Sectional switch
Cell 110 kV 2ATG. AT2 input
Cell 110 kV 1ATG. input AT1
Summary specification
Installation of PASS MO 110 kV cell
Installation of disconnector RN-SESH 110 kV
Installation of three VCU-123 voltage transformers
Installation of surge suppressors OPN-P-11O/70/10/550-III-UHL1 0
Installation of bus support ШО-110.И-4УХЛ1
Installation of a set of two outdoor cabinets
Installation of a remote control unit for 110 kV disconnectors
Garland of insulators 11xPS70-E single-circuit tension for fastening two wires AC 300/39
Assembly for connecting two wires to a disconnector
Unit for connecting wires to the voltage transformer terminal
Connection of conductors
Mounting tension and sag of wire AS-300/39
KZH outdoor switchgear 110 kV (reinforced concrete structures)
Total information
Layout of foundations for equipment supports of outdoor switchgear-220 kV
Foundations Fm1 Fm2 FmZ Fm4, Fm5, Fm5a, Fm6 Fm7, Fm8
Steel consumption sheet,
KM outdoor switchgear 110 kV (metal structures)
Total information
Layout of supports for 220 kV outdoor switchgear equipment. Support OP1. Support OP1. Node 1
Supports Op3, Op3a. Cut 1-1. Node 1
Supports Op3, Op3a. Cuts 2-2, 3-3, 4-4
Supports Op3, Op3a, Section 5~5. Nodes 2-4
Support 0p4
Supports Op5, Op5a
Support Op7
Support Op8
Service platform P01
Basic design solutions for outdoor switchgear-110 kV
Busbar 0RU-110 kV made with flexible steel-aluminum wires 2xAC 300/39 (two wires in phase). The connection of wires in the branches is provided using appropriate press-on clamps. Descents to the devices are made 6-8% longer than the distance between the point of connection of the wires and the clamp of the device. Connection of wires to the devices is carried out using appropriate pressed hardware clamps.
Paired wires are mounted with a distance between them of 120 mm and fixed using standard spacers installed every 5-6 m.
According to Chapter 19 of the PUE (7th edition), the II degree of air pollution has been adopted. Fastening of wires to the portals is provided using single garlands of 11 glass insulators of the PS-70E type.
The specified mounting sag booms are calculated in the "Power Line-2010" program and are determined taking into account the suspension of wires at an air temperature during installation within the range of -30°... +30°C.
The pole-to-pole distance of all devices is taken in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers and standard materials.
Laying cables within the outdoor switchgear adopted in above-ground reinforced concrete cable trays. The exception is branches laid in trenches and boxes to devices remote from cable mains.
On layout drawings 110 kV cells Filling diagrams are given.
Installation drawings are made on the basis of factory documentation.
The main equipment used at the 110 kV outdoor switchgear:
SF6 gas-insulated switchgear for outdoor installation type PASS MO for voltage 110 kV. The SF6 cell of the PASS MO series consists of a power switch, built-in current transformers, busbar and line disconnectors, grounding blades and high-voltage SF6-air bushings, manufactured by ABB;
- Three-pole PH disconnector SESH-110 with two grounding blades, cut by ZAO GC Zlektroshchit -TM Samara. Russia,-
- Voltage transformer VCU-123, K0NCAR, Croatia;
- Overvoltage limiter OPN-P-220/156/10/850-III-UHL1 0, manufactured by Positron JSC, Russia;
- Bus support Ш0-110.Н-4УХ/11, manufactured by ZZTO CJSC. Russia.
All installed equipment must be connected to the grounding loop of the substation using round steel diameter 18 mm. Grounding Perform in accordance with SNiP 3.05.06-85, standard project A10-93 “Protective grounding and grounding of electrical equipment” TPZP, 1993 and a set of electronic documents.
Fastening elements:
3.2.1 The dimensions of the welds should be taken depending on the forces indicated on the diagrams and in the lists of structural elements, except for those specified in the units, and also depending on the thickness of the elements being welded.
3.2.2 The minimum force for attaching centrally compressed and centrally tensioned elements is 5.0 t.
3.2.3 All mounting fasteners, tacks and temporary fixtures must be removed after completion of installation, and the tack areas must be cleaned.
Welding:
3.3.1 Materials accepted for welding should be taken according to table D.1 SP 16.13330.2011.
3.3.3 The dimensions of the welds should be taken depending on the forces indicated on the diagrams and in the list of structural elements, except for those specified in the units, as well as on the thickness of the elements being welded.
3.3.4 Minimum attachment force ± 5.0 t.
3.3.5 The minimum leg lengths of fillet welds should be taken according to Table 38 of SP 16.13330.2011.
3.3.6 The minimum length of fillet welds is 60 mm.
