Short title countries according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97

Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97

Abbreviated name of the national standardization body

Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstandard

Rosstandart

Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine

Reagents and highly pure substances

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS
INDICATORS

Reagents and matters of special purity.
Methods for preparation of indicator solutions

GOST
4919.1-77

In return
GOST 4919-68
in part of section. 1

Molecular mass

Color transition pH range

Color change

Alkaline

Water or alcohol

1.Alizarin yellow LJ

m

2. Alizarin yellow P

n-Nitrobenzenazosalicylic acid sodium salt C 13 H 8 O 5 N 3 Na

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

3. Alizarin red C

1 ,2-Dioxyanthraquinone sulfonic acid sodium salt C 14 H 7 O 7 SNa×H 2 O

From yellow to purple-red

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

3a. Benzyl orange

4¢-Benzyl-aminoazobenzene-4-sulfonic acid potassium salt C 19 H 16 KN 3 O 3 S

From red to yellow

4.Bromocresol green (blue)

Tetrabromine- m-cresol-sulfophthalein C 21 H 14 O 5 Br 4 S

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 7.15 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

5. Bromocresol purple

5,5-Dibromo-3,3-dimethylphenolsulfophthalein C 21 H 16 O 5 Br 2 S

From yellow to red-violet

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 9.25 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

6. Bromothymol* blue

3.3 - Dibromothymol sulfophthalein C 27 H 28 O 5 Br 2 S

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 8 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

7. Bromophenol* blue

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 7.5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

8. Hexamethoxy red

Hexamethoxytriphenylcarbinol C 25 H 28 O 7

9. Dimethyl yellow (methyl yellow)

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene C 14 H 15 N 3

From red to yellow

10. 2,4-Dinitrophenol

(alpha-Dinitrophenol) C 6 H 4 O 5 N 2)

From colorless to yellow

11. 2,6-Dinitrophenol

(beta-Dinitrophenol) C 6 H 4 O 5 N 2

From colorless to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

12. 2,5-Dinitrophenol

(gamma-Dinitrophenol) C 6 H 4 O 5 N 2

From colorless to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved with low heating in a water bath in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

13. Indigo carmine

Indigodisulfonic acids disodium salt C 16 H 8 O 8 N 2 S 2 Na 2

From blue to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of water and the volume is adjusted to 100 ml with ethyl alcohol

13a. Iodoosin

2,4,5,7-Tetrayodofluorescein (Erythrosine) C 20 H 8 J 4 O 5

From orange to purple

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

14.Congo red

Diphenyl-bis-(azoamino-naphthalene-4-sulfonic acids) disodium salt C 32 H 22 O 6 N 6 S 2 Na 2

From blue-violet to red

15. Cresol red*

O

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

From yellow to purple-red

16. m-Cresol purple*

m-Cresolsulfophthalein C 21 H 18 O 5 S

From rose-red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 13.1 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

From yellow to purple

17. o-Cresolphthalein

Dimethylphenolphthalein C 22 H 18 O 4

18. Xylenol blue*

2,2-5,5-Tetramethylphenolsulfophthalein C 23 H 22 O 5 S

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 12.2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

From yellow to blue

19.Lakmoid

Resorcinol blue C 12 H 9 O 3 N

From red to blue

When heated

20. Litmus

From red to blue

2 g of the drug is extracted twice with 10 ml of hot ethyl alcohol. The residue is extracted overnight with 95 ml of water and 5 ml of ethyl alcohol. The extracts are combined, neutralized with a solution of hydrochloric acid to a purple color and filtered

21.Malachite green

Tethydrochloride C 23 H 25 CIN 2

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 20% ethyl alcohol

22. Methyl red

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid C 15 H 15 O 2 N 3

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 18.6 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved when heated in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

23. Methanil yellow

Diphenylaminoazo- m-benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt

C 18 H 14 O 3 N 3 SNa

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

24. Methyl orange

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-4¢-sulfonic acids sodium salt C 14 H 14 O 3 N 3 SNa

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml hot water and after cooling, bring the volume of the solution with water to 100 ml

25. Methyl violet

Pentamethyl- n-rosaniline hydrochloride with variable amounts of impurities of tetra- and hexaderivates C 24 H 28 N 3 Cl

From yellow (pH 0.1) through green and blue to blue (about pH 1.5) and then to purple (pH 2.6 - 3.2)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water or 100 ml of 20% ethyl alcohol

26. 1-Naphtholphthalein

(alpha-naphtholphthalein)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

27. Neutral red

2-Methyl-3-amino-6-dimethylaminophenazine C 15 H 17 N 4 Cl

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

28. Nitrazine

yellow(delta)

2,4-Dinitrobenzolazo-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt C 16 H 8 O 11 N 4 S 2 Na 2

From yellow to blue-violet

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

29. m-Nitrophenol C6H5O3N

From colorless to yellow

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol or water with low heating in a water bath and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water or alcohol to 100 ml

29a. o-Nitrophenol C6H5O3N

From colorless to yellow

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in water or alcohol with low heating in a water bath. After cooling, bring the volume of the solution to 100 ml with water.

30. n-Nitrophenol C6H5O3N

From colorless to yellow

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol or water with low heating in a water bath. After dissolving and cooling, bring the volume of the solution with water to 100 ml

31. Pentamethoxy red

2,4,2¢,4¢,2"-Pentamethoxytriphenylcarbinol C 24 H 26 O 6

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in ethyl alcohol when heated and upon cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

32. Rosolic acid (aurine)

4,4" - Dioxyfuxon C 19 H 14 O 3

From yellow to red

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

33. Thymol blue*

Thymolsulfophthalein C 27 H 30 O 5 S

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 10.75 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol when heated and upon cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

From yellow to blue

34. Thymolphthalein

2,2¢-Dimethyl-5,5-diisopropyl-phenolphthalein C 28 H 30 O 4

From colorless to blue

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

35. Tropeolin 00

Diphenylamino-azo- P- benzosulfonic acids sodium salt C 18 H 14 O 3 N 3 SNa

From red to yellow

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water or 20% ethyl alcohol

36. Tropeolin 0

n-Benzene sulfonic acid azoresorcinol sodium salt C 12 H 9 O 5 N 2 SNa

From yellow to orange

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

37. Tropeolin 000 No. 1

n-[(1-Oxy-4-naphthyl)-azo]-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt C 16 H 11 N 2 NaO 4 S

From yellow to red

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

37a. Tropeolin 000 No. 2

n-[(2-Oxy-1-naphthyl)-azo]-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt C 16 H 11 N 2 NaO 4 S×5H 2 O

From yellow to pink

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 ml

From pink to red

38. Phenol red*

Phenolsulfophthalein C 19 H 14 O 5 S

From yellow to red

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 14.2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol with low heating and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 ml

39. Phenolphthalein C 20 H 14 O 4

From colorless to red-violet

a) 1 g of the drug is dissolved in 80 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

b) 10 ml of a 1% solution of the drug is diluted to 100 ml with 50% ethyl alcohol

40.Chlorophenol red

Dichlorophenolsulfophthalein C 19 H 12 O 5 Cl 2 S

From yellow to red-violet

0.1 g of the drug is ground in a porcelain mortar with 11.8 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with water

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

41. Alkaline blue 6B

Triphenyl- n-rosaniline monosulfonic acid sodium salt C 37 H 28 O 3 N 3 SNa

From purple to red

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

41a. n -Ethoxychrizondin chloride

4-Ethoxy-2¢, 4-diaminoazobenzene hydrochloride C 14 H 16 N 4 O×HCl

From red to yellow

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

Color transition pH range

Indicator name

Color change

Item number according to table. 1

Malachite green

From yellow to greenish blue

Methyl violet

From yellow to purple

Methanil yellow

From violet-red to dark yellow

m-Cresol purple

From pinkish-red to yellow

Xylenol blue

From red to yellow

Thymol blue

From red to yellow

Pentamethoxy red

From red-violet to colorless

Tropeolin 00

From red to yellow

Gasoline orange

From red to yellow

2,6-Dinitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Iodoosin

From orange to purple

2,4-Dinitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Hexamethoxy red

From pink-red to colorless

Dimethyl yellow

From red to yellow

Methyl orange

From red to yellow

Bromophenol blue

From yellow to blue

Congo red

From blue-violet to red

Alizarin red C

From yellow to purple-red

n-Ethoxychrysoidin chloride

From red to yellow

Bromocresol green (blue)

From yellow to blue

2,5-Dinitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

From red to blue

Methyl red

From red to yellow

Chlorophenol red

From yellow to red-violet

o-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

From red to blue

Bromocresol purple

From yellow to purple

n-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Bromothymol blue

From yellow to blue

Nitrazine yellow

From yellow to blue-violet

Rosolic acid

From yellow to red

m-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Neutral red

From red to yellow

Phenol red

From yellow to red

Cresol red

From yellow to purple-red

a-Naphtholphthalein

From yellowish-pink to greenish-blue

Tropeolin 000 No. 2

From yellow to pink

m- Cresol purple

From yellow to purple

Tropeolin 000 No. 1

From yellow to red

Xylenol blue

From yellow to blue

Thymol blue

From yellow to blue

o-Cresolphthalein

From colorless to red-violet

Phenolphthalein

From colorless to red-violet

Thymolphthalein

From colorless to blue

Alkaline blue 6B

From purple to pink

Alizarin yellow LJ

From light yellow to dark orange

Alizarin yellow P

From light yellow to red-brown

Tropeolin 000 No. 2

From pink to red

Tropeolin 0

From yellow to orange

Malachite green

From greenish-blue to colorless

Indigo carmine

From blue to yellow

Components of a mixed indicator

Color transition pH

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

1. Dimethyl yellow

Methylene blue

From blue-violet to green

2. Methyl orange

Indigo carmine

From purple to green

Mix equal volumes of a 0.1% aqueous solution of methyl orange and a 0.25% aqueous solution of indigo carmine

3. Bromocresol green

Methyl red

Mix three volumes of a 0.1% alcohol solution of bromocresol green and one volume of a 0.2% alcohol solution of methyl red

4. Methyl red

Methylene blue

From violet-red to green

Mix equal volumes of a 0.2% alcohol solution of methyl red and a 0.1% alcohol solution of methylene blue, prepared with low heat.

5. Bromocresol purple (sodium salt)

Bromothymol blue (sodium salt)

From yellow-green to violet-blue

5a. Neutral red

Methylene blue

From violet-red to green

Mix equal volumes of 0.1% alcohol solutions

5 B. Bromothymol blue (sodium salt)

Phenol red

From yellow to purple

Mix equal volumes of 0.1% aqueous solutions

6. Cresol red (sodium salt)

Thymol blue (sodium salt)

From yellow to purple

Mix 0.1% aqueous solutions 1:3

7. Thymol blue

Phenolphthalein

From yellow to purple

Mix 0.1% alcohol solutions 1:3

8. Phenolphthalein

Thymolphthalein

From colorless to red-violet

Mix equal volumes of 0.1% alcohol solutions

9. Universal indicator ZIV-1

(dimethyl yellow, methyl red, bromothymol blue, phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein)

From pink to purple

Mix 0.1% alcohol solutions of indicators: 15 ml of dimethyl yellow, 5 ml of methyl red, 20 ml of bromothymol blue, 20 ml of phenolphthalein, 20 ml of thymolphthalein or 0.1 g of dry universal indicator, dissolved with low heating in 80 ml of ethyl alcohol and after cooling, bring the volume of the solution with water to 100 ml

Red-pink

Red-orange

Orange

Yellow-orange

Lemon yellow

Yellow-green

Blue-green

Purple

Name and formula of the indicator

Molecular mass

Determined ions

When titrating with an ion

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

1a. Alizarin red C

1,2-Dioxy-anthraquinone-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt C 14 H 7 NaO 7 S H 2 O

From yellow to pink-red

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

1. Bengal rose

3´, 6´-Dichloro-2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein C 20 H 6 O 5 Cl 2 J 4

From red to purple

2a. Bromophenol blue

3,3-5,5-Tetrabromophenolsulfophthalein C 19 H 10 O 5 Br 4 S

From yellow to blue

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

2. Diphenylcarbazide

1,5-Diphenylcarbohydrazide C 13 H 14 ON 4

From greenish blue to blue

The solution is ready for use after 5 days. Store the solution in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 2 months

3. Diphenylcarbazone

1,5-Diphenylcarbazone C 13 H 12 ON 4

From light blue to purple

From greenish blue to blue

From orange to purple

1 g of the drug is dissolved when heated in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol.

The solution is stored in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 15 days

4. Dichlorofluorescein

3,3-Dichlorofluorescein C 20 H 10 O 5 Cl 2

From yellow-green to red

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 70 ml of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

5. Iodoosin

(Tetrayodofluorescein) C 20 H 8 O 5 J 4

From orange to purple

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

6a. Tetrazine

5-Hydroxy-1 ( n-sulfanyl)-4-[(p-sulfanyl)-azo]-pyrazoline-carboxy acid trisodium salt C 16 H 9 N 4 Na 3 O 9 S

From yellow-green to light brick

6. Rhodamine 6Zh

Diethylamino- o-carboxyphenylxanthenyl chloride ethyl ether C 26 H 27 O 3 N 2 Cl

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

7. Fluorescein

6-Hydroxy-9-( o-carboxyphenyl)-fluorone C 20 H 12 O 5

From yellow-green to pink

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol when heated

8. Eosin N

Tetrabromofluorescein disodium salt C 20 H 6 O 5 Br 4 Na 2

From orange to red-violet

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

9. Erythrosine

Tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt C 20 H 6 O 5 J 4 Na 2

From red to dark purple

From orange to purple

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

Name and formula of the indicator

Molecular mass

Determined cations

Indicator color

Preparation of an indicator solution or dry indicator mixture

in the absence of cations

in the presence of cations

1. Beryllon P

(8-hydroxynaphthalene-3-6-sulfonic acid (1-azo-2)-1,8´-dioxynaphthalene-3´, 6´-disulfonic acid tetrasodium salt C 20 H 10 O 15 N 2 S 4 Na 4 4H 2 O

Violet (in alkaline environment)

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The solution is suitable for 30 days

2. Glycinthymol blue C 33 H 40 O 9 N 2 S

Yellowish-green (in acidic medium)

2a. 3,3´-Dimethylnaphthidine, 4,4´-Diamino-3,3´-dimethyl-1,1´-binaphthyl

Colorless (in acidic medium)

Purple

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 99 - 100% acetic acid

2b. Calcone carboxylic acid (Kaltses, Paton-Rider indicator)

2-Hydroxy-1-(2-Hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthyl-azo)-naphthalene-3-carboxylic acid C 21 H 14 N 2 O 7 S

Blue (in alkaline environment)

Wine red

0.1 g of the drug is ground with 10 g of potassium chloride or sodium chloride

2c. Calcein (Fluorexone)

2´, 7´bis fluorescein C 30 H 26 N 2 O 13

Pink with weak fluorescence

Bright green fluorescence

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar or

The solution is suitable for 7 days

3. Calcium

(1,1´,1",8"-tetraoxy-(8,2´,8´,2"-bis-azotrinafthalene) 3,6,3´,6´,3"-hexasulfonic acids pentasodium salt C 30 H 15 N 4 Na 5 O 22 S 6 H 2 O

Bright blue (in alkaline environment)

Raspberry

0.1 of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The solution is valid for 30 days

4. Acid chrome blue K

(1,8´-hydroxy-3´, 6-disulfo-2-naphthyl-azo-2-hydroxybenzene-4-sulfonic acid trisodium salt C 16 H 9 O 12 N 2 S 3 Na 3

Blue (in alkaline environment)

0.1 g of the drug is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of potassium chloride or sodium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

5. Xylenol orange

3.3´-Bis-- o-cresol sulfophthalein tetrasodium salt C 13 H 28 N 2 Na 4 O 13 S

Cd 2+ Hg 2 +

Lemon yellow (below pH 6) (for cobalt - orange)

Red or violet-red (for cobalt - violet)

0.1 g of the drug is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of potassium chloride or sodium chloride.

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The solution is valid for 30 days

6. Methylthymol blue

3,3´-bis-thymolsulfophthalein tetrasodium salt C 37 H 40 N 2 O 13 SNa 4

Zr 4 + Cd 2+

Yellow (in an acidic environment), gray (in an alkaline environment)

0.1 g of the drug is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

6a. N-( n-Methoxyphenyl)- n-phenylenediamine hydrochloride (Variamin blue hydrochloride) C 13 H 14 N 2 O·HCl or

Blue-violet

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

N-( n-Methoxyphenyl)- n-phenylenediamine sulfate (Variamin blue sulfate) C 13 H 14 N 2 O H 2 SO 4

7. Murexide

(ammonium salt of purple acid) C 8 H 8 O 6 N 6 H 2 O

Blue-violet (above pH 6)

Orange (for calcium).

Yellow (for copper and nickel).

Red (for cobalt)

0.1 g of the drug is ground in 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

7a. 1-[(1-Oxy-2-naphthyl)-azo]-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt (Eriochrome black T) C 20 H 12 N 3 NaO 7 S

Blue (in alkaline environment)

Red-violet

0.1 g of the drug is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar or

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

1-(2-pyridyl-azo)-2-naphthol C 15 H 11 N 3 O

Yellow (in a neutral environment), yellow-green (in an acidic environment)

Red, violet (for copper)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol.

The solution is valid for 30 days

4-(2-pyridyl-azo)-resorcinol C 11 H 9 O 2 N 3

Yellow (in neutral or acidic environment)

Red-violet

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol or 0.1 g of the disodium salt of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

8b. Pyrogallol red

Pyrogallosulfophthalein C 19 H 12 O 8 S

Yellow (in acidic environment)

Red (for bismuth)

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 50% ethyl alcohol

9. Pyrocatechol violet

3,3´,4´-Trioxyfuxon-2"-sulfonic acid C 19 H 14 O 7 S

Yellow (in an acidic environment), violet (in an alkaline environment)

Red (for thorium)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The solution is valid for 30 days

10. Sulfarsazen

4-Nitro-2-arsonobenzene-1,4-diazo-amino-azobenzene-4"-sulfonic acid sodium salt C 18 H 14 O 8 N 6 SAsNa

Lemon yellow, green (for nickel)

Orange-pink (for zinc and lead), pink (for cadmium), pinkish-violet (for nickel)

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of sodium tetraborate solution.

The solution is valid for 30 days

11. Sulfosalicylic acid

Yellow (in acidic environment)

Dark cherry

10 g of the drug is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 ml with water

4-(2-Thiazolyl-azo)-resorcinol C 9 H 7 N 3 O 2 S

Yellow-green

Yellow-violet

Purple

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

12a. Thymolphthalexone

N,N-Di(carboxymethyl)-thymolphthalein C 38 H 40 N 2 Na 4 O 12

Colorless (in alkaline environment)

0.1 g of the drug is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

(The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar) or 0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

12b. Tyrone (Tyrone)

Pyrocatechol-3,5-disulfonic acids disodium salt C 6 H 4 Na 2 O 8 S 2 H 2 O

Colorless

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 25 ml

12th century Thorin

2-(2-Oxy-3,6-disulfo-1-naphthyl-azo)-benzene-arsonic acid disodium salt C 16 H 11 AsN 2 Na 2 O 10 S 2

Yellow (in acidic environment)

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 ml

13. Chromazurol S

2,6-Dichlorodimethyl-sulfoxyfuxondicarboxylic acid trisodium salt C 23 H 13 O 9 SCl 2 Na 3

Orange (in an acidic environment).

Yellow-green (in alkaline environment)

Greenish blue (for iron), violet (for aluminum, calcium, magnesium, nickel), blue (for copper)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

The solution is valid for 15 days

14 . (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

Name and formula of the indicator

Molecular mass

Normal oxidation potential (E o), IN

Oxidized coloring

Painting the restored form

Preparation of indicator solution

Indicators that are insensitive to changes in pH and ionic strength of the solution

1.Diphenylamine C 12 H 11 N

Purple

Colorless

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of sulfuric acid

2. Sodium diphenylamino sulfonate

(diphenylamino-sulfonic acid sodium salt) C 12 H 10 O 3 NSNa

Red-violet

Colorless

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

2a. Xylene cyanol FF

S-Diethyl- n-aminooxysulfodimethyl fuxon sulfate sodium salt C 25 H 27 N 2 NaO 7 S 2

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

2b. o-Tolidin

3,3´-Dimethyl-4,4´-diaminodiphenyl C 14 H 16 N 2

Colorless

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 50% acetic acid solution

3. Phenylanthranilic acid

(diphenylamine-2´-carboxylic acid) C 13 H 11 O 2 N

Red-violet

Colorless

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 0.2% sodium carbonate solution when heated

4. Ferroin

Complex o-phenanthroline with iron Fe(C 12 H 8 N 2) 3 SO 4

Pale blue

0.71 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 7H 2 O) is dissolved in 100 ml of water, 1.49 g is added o-phenanthroline and stir until completely dissolved

4a. n-Ethoxychrysoidin chloride

4-Ethoxy-2´,4´-diaminoazobenzene hydrochloride C 14 H 16 NO·HCl

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

Indicators sensitive to changes in pH and ionic strength of a solution

4b.N-( n-methoxyphenyl)- P-phenylenediamine base (variamine blue) C 13 H 14 N 2 O

Colorless

0.2 g of the drug is ground with several crystals of ascorbic acid, then extracted four times with water in 5 ml portions, collecting the solution in a separating funnel with a capacity of 150 ml, adding 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and 20 ml of benzene, shaking the mixture and filtering into another separating funnel through a filter moistened with water.

The aqueous layer is treated 2 more times, shaking with 5 ml of benzene, and again filtered through a filter moistened with water.

The benzene fractions are collected together in a 150 ml separating funnel, 20 ml of a 30% acetic acid solution is added, shaken and filtered through a filter moistened with water. Acetic acid solution is suitable for 20 days

N-( n-methoxyphenyl)- P-phenylenediamine hydrochloride C 13 H 14 N 2 O HCl

N-( n-methoxyphenyl)- n-phenylenediamine sulfate C 13 H 14 N 2 O H 2 SO 4

5. Methylene blue

Tetchloride C 16 H l 8 N 3 SCl 3H 2 O

0.53 at pH 0

0.01 at pH 7

Colorless

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl alcohol when heated

5a. Neutral red

2-Methyl-3-amino-6-dimethylaminophenazine hydrochloride C 15 H 16 N 4 HCl

0.24 at pH 0

0.32 at pH 7

Colorless

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of 60% ethyl alcohol

5 B. Nile Blue A

2-Amino-7-diethylamino-3,4-benzophenozoxonium chloride C 20 H 20 CIN 3 O

0.41 at pH 0

Colorless

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

6. Safranin T

Mixture of dimethyl- and trimethylphenosafranine C 20 H 19 CIN 4

0.24 at pH 0

0.29 at pH 7

Red-brown

Colorless

0.05 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

Name and formula of the indicator

Molecular mass

Application area

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

1. Alizarin red C

C 14 H 7 O 7 SNa H 2 O

In fluorometry

Fluorine reduces the color intensity of zirconium alizarin or thorium alizarin varnish

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

2. Ammonium iron (III) sulfate (ferroammonium alum) NH 4 Fe(SO 4) 2 12H 2 O

In rhodanometry

With thiocyanate (CNS) a blood-red color is formed

50 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of boiling water, cooled, filtered and nitric acid is added until the color change stops.

The solution becomes almost completely discolored.

3. Diphenylcarbazide C 13 H 14 ON 4

In mercurometry

From colorless to violet

1 g of the drug is dissolved when heated in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol. The solution is ready for use after 5 days.

4. Diphenylcarbazone with 13 Н 12 О 4

In mercurometry

From colorless to violet

1 g of the drug is dissolved when heated in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol. The solution is stored in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 15 days

5. Potassium chromate K 2 CrO 4

In argentometry

Appearance of a faint red-brown color of the suspension

5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

6. Soluble starch (C 6 H 10 O 5) n

In iodometry

Iodine produces a dark blue color

The solution is prepared in one of two ways:

a) 0.5 g of the drug is stirred with 5 ml of cold water, the mixture is slowly poured with stirring into 100 ml of boiling water and boiled for 2 - 3 minutes.

The solution is used freshly prepared

b) 5 g of the drug and 10 mg of iodine mercury (HgJ 2) are mixed with cold water into a paste, poured into 1 liter of boiling water, boiling is continued for 1 - 3 minutes.

After cooling, the solution is poured into a jar with a ground stopper. The solution lasts for a long time

pH transition

Change in fluorescence

Preparation of the solution

in an acidic environment

in an alkaline environment

1. Acridine

Dibenzopyridine

Purple blue

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

2. Coumarin

1,2-Benzopyrone C 9 H 6 O 2

Light green

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

3. 2-Naphthol (beta-Naphthol)

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol

4. Salicylic acid

2-Hydroxy-benzoic acid

Dark blue

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

5. Fluorescein sodium salt

Greenish pink

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

6. Chromotropic acid disodium salt (1,8-Dioxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt) C 10 H 6 Na 2 O 8 S 2 2H 2 O

0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

7. Quinine hydrochloride

C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ×HCl×2H 2 O

Purple

0.2 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

Purple

Tetrabromofluorescein disodium salt C 20 H 6 Br 4 Na 2 O 5

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

Name, formula and molecular weight of the indicator

Catalyst

pH transition

Glow color

Preparation of the solution

in an acidic environment

in an alkaline environment

2,4,5 -Trifenylimidazole

Yellow-white

1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of acetone

2. Luminol

o-Aminophthalic acid hydrazide C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2

K 3 or hemoglobin

0.01 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol (stirred for 15 minutes)

3. Lucigenin

Dimethyl diacridinium dinitrate C 26 H 22 N 2 × 2HNO 3

Green-blue

0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of water

Name

Preparation

1. Iodine starch paper

Prepared according to GOST 4517-87

2. Iodine starch paper

Prepared in the same way as iodine starch paper, but instead of potassium iodide, potassium iodic acid is used

3. Congo paper

The filter paper is impregnated with a solution of the Congo indicator prepared according to subparagraph 14 of the table. 1 of this standard. Under the influence of 0.001 N. hydrochloric acid solution changes color to violet-blue

4. Turmeric paper

20 g of turmeric root powder are infused for 24 hours with 100 ml of water. After decanting, the powder is dried and infused for 24 hours with 100 ml of ethyl alcohol. The resulting solution is impregnated with filter paper. Under the influence of 0.004 N. sodium hydroxide solution, the yellow color of the paper should immediately change to brown (color transition pH 7.5 - 9.5)

5. Litmus paper

Filter paper is impregnated with litmus solution prepared according to subparagraph 20 of table. 1 of this standard. In this case, to obtain red litmus paper, add 0.1 N to the indicator solution. hydrochloric acid solution, and to obtain blue litmus paper - 0.1 N. sodium hydroxide solution until the color changes to the appropriate color. Under the influence of 0.00025 n. sodium hydroxide solution on red litmus paper and 0.0002 N. hydrochloric acid solution onto blue litmus paper, the color of the paper changes within 1 minute

6. Phenolphthalein paper

Filter paper is impregnated with a 1% solution of phenolphthalein, prepared according to subparagraph 39 of table. 1 of this standard

7. Paper or cotton wool soaked in a solution of lead acetate

Prepared according to GOST 4517-87

8. Paper impregnated with a solution of copper sulfate

Prepare in the same way as paper soaked in a solution of lead acetate, but instead of lead acetate, 1 N is used. a solution of copper sulfate, which is prepared by dissolving 12.5 g of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO 4 × 5H 2 O) in 100 ml of water

9. Universal paper

Filter paper is impregnated with a 0.1% solution of a universal indicator prepared according to subparagraph 9 of table. 3 of this standard

Name, formula and molecular weight of the indicator

Solvent

Color transition in the environment

a) from alkaline to acidic

b) from acidic to alkaline

Indicator solution used

1. Alizarin yellow R (see subparagraph 2, table 1)

Dimethylformamide

Yellow-violet-blue (b)

0.2% solution in dimethylformamide

2.Azoviolet

4-[(n-Nitrophenyl-azo]-resorcinol C 12 H 9 N 3 O 4

0.2% solution of acetone in benzene, ethylenediamine, n-butylamine, pyridine, dimethylformamide

Red-blue (b) (in case of weak acids)

acids: yellow-orange

blue-violet (b)

phenols: orange-red

blue-violet (b)

Saturated solution in benzene

Acetone-pyridine

Yellow-orange-blue (b)

Saturated solution in benzene

3. Bromocresol green (see subparagraph 4, table 1)

Benzene, chlorobenzene

Blue-yellow(s)

4. Bromocresol purple (see subparagraph 5, table 1)

Benzene, chlorobenzene

Purple-yellow(s)

5. Bromophenol blue (see subparagraph 7, table 1)

Chlorobenzene

Depending on the strength of the dissolved base, purple-pink-yellow colorless

Saturated solution in chlorobenzene

6. Dimethyl yellow (see subparagraph 9, table 1)

Dichloromethane, benzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride

Yellow-pink(a)

7. Congo red (see subparagraph 14, table 1)

Hexane, acetone, dioxane

Yellow-orange(s)

0.1% solution in chloroform

Chloroform, dioxane

Red-blue(s)

8. Cresol red (see subparagraph 15, table 1)

Yellow-pink-red(s)

0.5% solution in a mixture of acetic acid and chlorobenzene (1 + 1)

9. o-Cresolphthalein (see subparagraph 17, table 1)

Chloroform-carbon tetrachloride

Colorless-violet-pink (barbiturates)

1% solution in a mixture of methyl alcohol and chloroform (1 + 1)

10. Crystal violet C 25 K 30 CIN 30 × 9H 2 O

Acetic acid,

Purple-dark blue-blue-green-green-yellow(s)

Acetic anhydride

Blue-yellow-green(s)

Dioxane acetic anhydride

0.2% solution in acetic acid

11. Malachite green Tetanhydroxyoxalate

C52H54N4O12

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Blue-green-green-yellow(s)

Acetic acid - acetic anhydride

Titrated with sodium acetate:

green-yellow-yellow-green (b)

0.5% solution in acetic acid

Tethydrochloride

12. Methanil yellow (see subparagraph 23, table 1)

Chlorobenzene

Yellow-violet(s)

0.1% solution in methyl alcohol

Propionic acid

Light yellow-purple(s)

0.2% solution in a mixture of propionic acid and dioxane (1 + 1)

Acetone, acetonitrile methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone

Yellow-orange-red pink-violet-red (a)

13. Methyl red (see subparagraph 22, table 1)

Yellow-orange-pink darkens (a)

0.1% solution in dioxane

Acetone-acetic acid

Orange-orange-pink(a)

Saturated solution in acetonitrile

Acetonitrile-chloroform-phenol

Orange-pink-purple-red (a)

Saturated solution in acetonitrile

Hexane-acetone

Bright orange-pink(s)

0.1% solution in acetic acid

14. Methyl orange (see subparagraph 24, table 1)

Acetone acetic anhydride - acetic acid

Yellow-orange(s)

Saturated solution in acetone

Acetone - acetic acid

Yellow-orange(s)

0.25% solution in acetone

15. Methyl violet

Pentamethyl- n-rosaniline hydrochloride with variable amounts of tetra- and hexaderivate impurities

Acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone

Purple-dark blue-light blue(s)

0.1% solution in acetic acid

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Purple-blue-blue-green-yellow(s)

Acetic acid - dichloroethane; acetic acid - dioxane

Blue-green-yellow(s)

0.1 - 1% solution in acetic acid

Acetic acid - nitromethane

Purple-blue-green(s)

0.2% solution in chlorobenzene

Acetic acid - chlorobenzene - acetic anhydride

Purple-blue-yellow-green(s)

0.2% solution in chlorobenzene

Methyl ethyl ketone - acetic anhydride

Purple-green-blue(s)

0.1% solution in acetic acid

16. 1-Naphtholbenzein Phenyl-bis-(6-hydroxynaphthyl-2-carbinol)

C 27 H 18 O 2 × H 2 O

Acetone, acetonitrile

Yellow-light green-green(s)

1% solution in isopropyl alcohol

Methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone

Yellow-green(s)

Acetic acid - propionic acid - isopropyl alcohol

Orange-brownish-green-green (b)

0.1 - 1.0% solution in methyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol

Benzene - acetic acid

When back titrated with sodium acetate: dark green-green-yellow (b)

0.5% solution in acetic acid

Benzene-isopropyl alcohol

Orange-brownish-green (b)

0.1 - 1.0% solution in isopropyl alcohol or a mixture of benzene-methyl alcohol

Acetic anhydride - nitromethane

Yellow-green-dark green(s)

0.5% solution in acetic acid

17. Neutral red (subparagraph 27, table 1)

Red-yellow in the case of inorganic acids (b)

1% solution in methyl alcohol

18. Nile Blue A

2-Amino-7-diethylamino-3,4-benzophenoxazonium chloride

C 20 H 20 CIN 3 O

Acetic acid, propionic acid

Blue-colorless(a)

0.02% solution in acetic acid

n-Butylamine, pyridine, dimethylformamide

Red-yellow-blue (b) depending on the strength of the acid

And dimethylformamide

Red-yellow-blue (b)

0.3% solution in dioxane

Acetone-pyridine

Yellow blue (b)

0.3% solution in methyl alcohol

Benzene-methyl alcohol

Red-yellow-blue (b)

0.3% solution in methyl alcohol

19. 2-Nitroaniline and 4-Nitroaniline C 6 H 6 N 2 O 2

Ethylenediamine

Yellow-orange (b)

0.15% solution in benzene

20. 4-Nitro-4"-aminoazobenzene C 12 H 10 N 4 O 2

Ethylenediamine

Red-(blue)-colorless (b)

0.05% solution in benzene

21. Sudan III

Benzene-(I-azo-I")-benzene-(4"-azo-I"")-2""-naphthol

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Yellow-red-blue(s)

0.02% solution in acetic acid

22. Thymol blue (see subparagraph 33, table 1)

Acetone, methyl alcohol

Yellow-red(s)

0.3% solution in methyl alcohol

Yellow-blue (in the case of substituted benzoic acids) (b)

Acetonitrile

In weak acids: yellow-green-blue.

0.3% solution in methyl alcohol

In strong acids: red-yellow-blue (b)

Methyl cellosolve

Yellow-orange-red (a)

0.3% solution in dimethylformamide

Propylene glycol chloroform

Yellow-pink(a)

23. Thymolphthalein (see subparagraph 34, table 1)

Colorless-blue (b)

0.2% solution in methyl alcohol

24. Tropeolin 00 (see subparagraph 35, table 1)

Acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isomethyl ketone

Yellow-violet-red

0.5% solution in acetic acid

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Yellow-orange-purple-pink-red(s)

0.5% solution in acetic acid

Benzene-nitromethane

Yellow-pink-red (b)

1% solution in methyl alcohol

Dichloroethane acetic acid - acetic anhydride

Yellow-pink-red(s)

0.5% solution in acetic acid

25. Phenolphthalein (see subparagraph 39, table 1)

Acetone, benzene, chlorobenzene

Colorless-red (b)

0.2% solution in methyl alcohol or saturated solution in benzene

26. Quinaldine red N-Ethyl-I-dimethyl-anilino-styryl-quinoline iodide C 21 H 23 JN 2

Acetic acid, propionic acid

Yellow-dark red-colorless (a)

0.2% solution in acetic acid or saturated solution in acetic acid

Components of a mixed indicator

Solvent

Color transition in the environment

a) from alkaline to acidic

b) from acidic to alkaline

Mixed indicator solution used

1. Dimethyl yellow

Methylene blue

Acetonitrile

Red-brown-green (b)

1% dimethyl yellow and 0.1% methylene blue in methyl alcohol

2. Methylene blue

Quinaldine red

Nitromethanebenzene

Purple-blue-green(s)

0.1% methylene blue 0.2% quinaldine red in methyl alcohol

3. Thymolphthalein

Tropeolin O

Methyl ethyl ketone

Yellow-green (barbiturates) (b)

0.6% thymolphthalein and 0.4% tropeolin 0 in dimethylformamide

4. Thymolphthalein

Methyl orange

Ethanol

Yellow-green (b)

0.5% solution of thymolphthalein in methyl alcohol. 0.02% aqueous solution of methyl orange in a 1:1 ratio

Name

Ogiositel-

Let's color the pH transition interval

Change

"indicator formula

molecular weight

water or alcohol

1 Alizarin yellow LJ 5((m-nitrophenyl) azo) salicylic acid sodium salt

From 13 to 0 5 NjNa

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

2 Alizarin yellow P 5 ((l-ni trophies yl) azo] salicylic acid sodium ool

S.zNvO^zNa

From light yellow to fasino-brown

3 Alizarin red C 1,2-Duxmenthraquinone-3 sulfonic acid sodium salt 1-aqueous

From yellow to purple-red

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

4 Gasoline orange 4-((l-6enlylam1no)phenyl] azobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt C ie H 1fJ KN 3 03S

From red to yellow

5 Bromochresol green (blue)

3.3"5".5""-Tetrabrom-m-

creolsulfophthalein

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 7.15 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

6 Bromine cresus tin purple b.b "-Dibromo-o-creolsulfophthalein

From yellow to red-violet

0.1 g of tdicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 9.25 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

Name

Otyoookgel*-

Color pH interval

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

"Formula indicator

lariat mass

Alkaline

Water or alcohol

7 Bromothymol" itself Z’.Z-Dibromothymolsulfofta-

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 8 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

8 Bromphe sex* blue 3.3" .5*.5~-Tetrabromophenol-sulfophthalvin

From yellow to blue

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 7.5 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and, after melting the liquid, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 od 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

9 Hexamethoxy red 2.2\2’\4.4\4--Hexmethoxy-tritriphenipsarbinol ^"25 H 28< >) 7

From pink-red to colorless

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath and after cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol* to 100 cm3

10 Dime type yellow (methyl yellow) 4-Dimethylamino azobenzene

From red to yellow

11 2.4-Dinitrophenol (alpha-Dinitrophenol)

From colorless to yellow

12 2.6-Dinitrophenol (bet a-Dinitrophenol) C^OjNj

From colorless to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 20 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

13 2.5-Dinitrophenol

(gamma-Dinitrophenol)

C e N 4 0 5 ^

From colorless to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved with low heating in a water bath in 20 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

Name

Attribute it to

Color transition pH range

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

and indicator formula

molecular mass

alkaline

Water or alcohol

14 Indigo* Army Indigo-5.5-di sulfonic acid disodium salt C

From blue to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of water and the volume is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

15 Iodeoein (Erythroein) 2,4,5,7-Tetrayodofluorescein

From orange to purple

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

16 Congo red 4.4" bis-(1-amino-4-sulfo-2 aphthylene) biphenyl dine trieate salt

From blue-violet to façade

17 “resol red” o-Creolsulfophthalein C 21 H 18P5 S

From front to yellow From yellow to purple

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 13.1 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

16 i-Creololom purple’ m-Cresolsulfophthalein

From ro"vo-front to yellow

From yellow to purple

0.1 g of indosetor is ground in a porcelain mortar with 13.1 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and, after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of the liquid is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 cm 3 with water

19 o-Cre"lphthalein Z.Z"-Dimethylfvnolphthalvin

From colorless to fasco violet

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath

20 Xylenol blue* 2.2-5.5-Tetramethylphenol-sulfophthalvin C iNL 8

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 122 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 250 cm 3

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 cm 3 with water

Name

Regarding<хтелъ-

Color pH interval

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

"Formula indicator

lariat mass

Water or alcohol

21 Lakmoid Resorcinol blue

From front to blue

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath

From front to blue

2 g of indicator is extracted twice with 10 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol. The residue is extra-hydrated for 24 hours with 95 cm 3 of water and 5 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol. The extracts are combined, neutralized with a solution of hydrochloric acid to a purple color and filtered

23 Malachite green!

Tetramethyl-4.4-

diamino triphenyl methane

0.1-2.0 11.4-13.0

From greenish-blue to colorless

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol solution with a weight fraction of 20%

24 Methyl red 4-Dimethylaminoaeoben eol-2-carboxylic acid C 15 H 15р2 M 3

From front to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 16.6 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

25 Methanil yellow 4"anipinaeobeneol-3-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt C 1v N m OzM38Ya

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 60 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

26 Methyl orange 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo) sodium beneol sulfonate C u H u OjN3SNa

From front to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 60 cm 3 of high water and, after cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

27 Methyl violet A mixture of tetralente and hexamethyllararaza-nilinoa hydrochlorides C»HavM^1

From yellow (pH 0.1) through green and blue to blue (approximately pH 1.5) and then to violet (pH 2.6-3.2)

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water or in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 20%

Name

Attribute it to

Color transition pH range

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

and indicator formula

molecular mass

alkaline

Aqueous or alcohol

281-Naphtholphthalein (alpha* nephtholphthalein)

3.3-Bis (4-gm dro xy-1-naphthyl) phthalide

From heltish pink to greenish blue

29 Neutral red 3-amino-7-dametype.mno-2-methylphenaeine hydrochloride

From red to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

30 No time new yellow (delta)

2.4-Dinitro benzene-a eo-1-naphthol-3,6-sulfonic acid disodium salt

From yellow to non-purple

06 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

31 "-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 20 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol or water on low heat in a water bath and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water or alcohol to 100 cm 3

32 o-Nm trophies ol CeHgC^N

From colorless to yellow

02 g of indicator is dissolved in water or alcohol with low heating in a water bath. After cooling, bring the volume of the solution with water to 100 cm3

33 l-Ni trophies ol CeHjOsN

From colorless to yellow

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 20 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and water with low heat in a water bath. After dissolution and cooling, bring the volume of the solution with water to 100 cm3

Name

Otmookgel-

pH interval before coloring

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

"Formula indicator

lariat mass

Alkaline

Water or alcohol

34 Pemtamethoxy red 2.2".2l,4.4",-Pentamethoxytri-phenylcarbinol C 24 H "Rb

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath and after cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm3

35 Pararosoloic acid (aurin) 4.4"-D10xifuxon

From yellow to red

03 g of indosetor is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

36 Thymol blue*

2.2"-Dimvtil-5.5"-diieo propyl phenylsugphthalein

From front to yellow From yellow to blue

0.1 g of indicator is ground in a porcelain mortar with 10.75 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the drug, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath and after cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 cm 3 with water

37 Thymolphthalein

2.2'-Dimethyl-5.5-dieoprolyl-

phenolphthalein

From colorless to blue

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

38 TroeoolinОО Diphenylamine oaeo-l-b »«eo sulfonic acid sodium salt C 18 H w 0 3 N3S№

From front to yellow

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water or ethyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 20%

ZETropeolinO 2",4"-dioxy azobenzene-4-beneosulf acid sodium ool C 12 H «°5 N 2 SNa

From yellow to orange

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

40 Tropeolin 000 No. 1 l-((1-0*si-4-naphthyl)-aeo|-benzenesulfonic acid sodium ool C I «H II N 2 NaO*S

From helt to front

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl alcohol to 100 cm 3

Name

Attribute it to

Color transition pH range

Change

Preparation of indicator solution

and indicator formula

ie molecular mass

alkaline

Water or alcohol

41 Tropeolin 000 No 2 l-((2-Oxy-1-naphthyl)-azo]-beneolesulfonic acid sodium 5-water salt CwH„N2Na0 4 S-5Hj0

7.4-6.6 10.2-11,8

From cool to pink From pink to red

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with ethyl software to 100 cm 5

42 Phenol red "Phenolsulphoftvlein"

From yellow to red

0.1 g of indicator is melted in a porcelain mortar with 142 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 cm 3 with water.

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol with low heating in a water bath and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

43 Phenolphthalein 2.4-Diamino-4-ethoxyaeobeneal

From colorless to “red-violet”

a) 1 g of indicator is dissolved in 80 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

b) 10 cm 3 of an indicator solution with a mass fraction of 1% is diluted to 100 cm 3 with a solution of ethyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 50%

44 Chlorine phenol red 3.3”-Dichlor orphenol sulfophtha-lein

From yellow to red-violet

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in a porcelain mortar with 11.8 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and after dissolving the indicator, the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 250 cm 3

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

45 Alkaline blue 6 B N.N.N"""-Triphenyl-l-poeaniline monosulfonic acid sodium salt C^p^jS On

From purple to red

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

46 l-Ethoxychryeoidin chloride 4-Ethoxy-2", 4-diamnoaXIbenzene hydrochloride

s„n 19 s 4 o na

From front to yellow

02 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

Color transition pH range

Indicator name

Change colors

Item number according to table 1

Malachite eelesh

From yellow to greenish blue

Methyl violet

From yellow to purple

Methanyl yellow

From violet-front to dark yellow

m-Cre eolian purple

From pinkish-facial to yellow

Xylenol blue

From front to yellow

Thymol BLUE

From front to back

Penta labels si red

From red-violet to colorless

TroleolinOO

From front to yellow

Gasoline orange

From front to yellow

2.6-Dinitrophenol

From seamless to yellow

Yodeoein

From orange to purple

2.4-Dinitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Hexamethoxy red

From pink-faced to colorless

Dimethyl yellow

From front to yellow

Methyl orange

From red to yellow

Bromine phenolic system

From yellow to blue

Conto red

From blue-violet to façade

Alizarin face C

From yellow to purple-face

l-Ethoxychryoidin chloride

From red to yellow

Bromocrete green (blue)

From yellow to blue

2.5-Dinitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

From red to blue

Methyl facade

From red to yellow

pH transition interval

Indicator name

Change color "1"

Item number according to table 1

Chlorophenol red

From yellow to red-violet

o-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

From red to blue

Bromocreeol purple

From yellow to purple

l-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Bromothymoloe blue

From yellow to blue

Nitraeth yellows

From yellow to blue-violet

Pararoeolic acid

From yellow to red

m-Nitrophenol

From colorless to yellow

Neutral red

From red to mite

Phenol face

From yellow to red

Creole red

From yellow to purple-red

1< Нафтолфталеин

From yellowish-pink to greenish-blue

Tropeolin 000 Ns 2

From yellow to pink

m-Creole purple

From yellow to purple

Trop eo lin 000 No. 1

From yellow to red

Xylenol blue

From yellow to blue

Thymol blue

From yellow to blue

o-Creolphthalein

Phenolphthalein

From colorless to red-violet

Thymolphthalein

From colorless to blue

Alkaline blue 6B

From purple to pink

Alizarin yellows LiveJournal

From light yellow to dark orange

Alizarin yellow P

From light yellow to red-brown

Shining* barking and* parts of mixed indicator

Color transition pH

Change in okraoti

P(migoalization of the indicator solution

1 Dimethyl yellow Methylene blue

From blue-violet to green

2 Methyl orange Indigo carmine

From purple to green

Mix equal volumes of aqueous solutions of methyl orange with a mass fraction of 0.1% and indigo carmine with a mass fraction of 0.25%

3 Bromocresol green Methyl red

Mix three volumes of an alcohol solution of bromine-croesus scarlet green with a mass fraction of 0.1% and one volume of an alcohol solution of methyl benzene with a mass fraction of 0.2%

4 Methyl red Methylene blue

From violet-red to green

Mix equal volumes of alcohol solutions of methyl red with a mass fraction of 0.2% and methylene blue with a mass fraction of 0.1%. cooked on low heat

5 Bromocresol purple (on* sodium salt)

Bromothymol blue (sodium ool)

From yellow-green to violet-blue

6 Neutral red Methylene blue

From violet-red to green

Mix equal volumes of alcohol solutions with a mass fraction of 0.1%

7 Bromothymol blue (sodium salt)

Phenol red

From yellow to purple

Mix equal volumes of aqueous solutions with a mass fraction of 0.1%

Components of a mixed indicator

Color transition pH

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

6 Cre aeolian red (sodium salt)

Thymol blue (sodium salt)

From yellow to purple

Mix 1:3 aqueous solutions with a mass fraction of 0.1%

9 Thymol blue Phenolphthalein

From yellow to purple

Mix 1:3 alcohol solutions with a mass fraction of 0.1%

10 Phenolphthalein Timophthalein

From colorless to red-violet

Mix equal volumes of alcohol solutions with a mass fraction of 0.1%

11 Universal tdicator ZIV-1 (domethyl yellow, methyl red, bromothymol ethylene, phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein)

From pink to purple

Red-pink

Red-orange

Orange

Yellow-orange

Lemon yellow

Yellow-green

Blue-green

Purple

Mix alcohol solutions of indicators with a mass fraction of 0.1%: 15 cm 3 of dimethyl yellow. 5 cm 3 methyl red. 20 cm 3 bromothymol blue, 20 cm 3 phenolphthalein. 20 cm 3 thymolphthalein or

0.1 g of dry universal indicator is dissolved with low heating in a water bath in 60 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and, after cooling, the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 cm 3 with water.

name iforiulv nidicator

Relative<вя

molecular

Definable

titration

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

1 Alizarin red C 1.2-Duxianthraquinone-3 sulfonic acid sodium ool1 aqueous C u HjNaOjS HjO

From yellow to pink-red

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

2 Rose Bengal 3*.b-Dichlor-2.4. 5,7-tetraiodofluo-rescein

SzoN 6 o 5 su 4

From red to purple

About g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

3 Bromine phenol syshy 33"-5" 5 "-Tetra bromophenol-sulfophthalein CigH iqOsBTjS

From yellow to blue

0.05 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

naming© and the formula “mdicagora

More relative

molecular

Definable

titration

Change in crop yield

Prepared indicator solution

4 Diphenylcarbazide 1,5-Diphenylcarbotmdraeid

From greenish blue to blue

1 g of indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or by low heating in a water bath in 100 cm3 of ethyl alcohol.

The solution is ready for use after five days. Store the solution in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 2 months.

5 Diphenylcarbaone 1.5-Diphenylcarbaone C 13 H I2 ON 4

From light blue to purple

From greenish blue to blue

From orange to purple

1 g of indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol.

The solution is stored in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 15 days

6 Dichlorofluorescein 2.7-^chlorfluorescein

From yellow-green to red

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 70 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol and the volume of the solution is adjusted to 100 cm 3 with water

7 Yod x> ein

2,4.5.7-Tetrayodofluoreschein

From orange to purple

06 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

6 Tartraege

5-Oyashi-1<л-сульфанил)-4-{{п-сульфанил>*eo|-p ir azol in-3-k ar bokok poloty three sodium salt

From yellow-green to light brick

06 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 ed

9 Rhodamine 6G

Diethylsmino-o-carboxyphenylc-santhenyl chloride ethyl ether

From orange to red-violet

0.1 g of indacetor is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

YuFluoresuvin

6-Hydroxy-9-(o-car6oxyphenyl)-fl)orane

with ao n "°#

From yellow-green to disposable

0.1 g of indohetor is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a slave bath

The name and formula of the “mdicator”

O tmos * tel * a I molecular mass

Definable

Gitration

Color change

Preparation of indicator solution

11 Eosin N

From orange to red

03 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3

2.4.5.7-Tetrabromofluorescein

purple

disodium salt

C20H 6 O 5 Br 4 Na 2

12 Erythroezh

From red to dark fi o-

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3

2,4,5,7-Tetrayodofluorescein di-

tri salt

From orange to violet

C 20 H 6°5 J< № 2

name and formula of indicators

Relative

molecular

Definable

Ovacxa indicator

preparation of an indicator solution or vessels of an indicator mixture

In ogeugsgshi

KDTMONODE

In the presence of yadtiono"

1 Beryl II

6.1"-shdroxinaphthalene-3.6-disulfonic acid-(1-aeo-2>1",8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3'.b'-disulfonic acid tetrasodium salt "4H rO

Violet (in alkaline environment)

0.05 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water.

The solution is suitable for 30 days

2 Glycine thymol blue CjjH^jOjNjS

Yellowish-green (in bold environments)

0.1 g of indicator is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

3 3.3-Dimethylnaphthidine. 4.4-Diamino-3.3-dimethyl-1.1 binaphthyl

Colorless (in acidic medium)

Purple

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of acetic acid with a mass fraction of 99 to 100%

4 Calcoy carboxylic acid (Calces. Paton * Reader indicator) 3-tidroxy-4 ((2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthyl) aeo] naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid C 2,H m N20^

Pigeon (in an alkaline environment)

Wine red

0.1 g of indicator is ground with 10 g of potassium chloride or sodium chloride

Name and formula “mdimggora

Otnoeigels<ая

molecular

Definable

OFVSKA indicator

Here's the thing

"ations

In the presence of cations

5 Calcein (Fluorecon)

2.7"bis(G"GM-di(carboxymethyl)-

aminomethyl]fluorescein

Pink with weak fluorescence

Bright green

fluorescence

0.1 g of indicator is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar or 0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water. The solution is good for seven days

6 Kelcyon

1. G. 1". 8 *-tetrahydrox "*(8 2 ",8,2"-bioazotrinaphthalene)

Bright blue (in a slit environment)

Raspberry

0.1 indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water.

The solution is valid for 30 days

7 Acid chromium blue K 1.8"-oxi-3.6-tsulfo-2-naphthyl-aeo-2uxi benzene-4-sulfonic acid trisodium oo/b C^HdO^M^eMae

Blue (alkaline environment)

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

c Xylenol orange 3.3'-Bis-(M.M-di-(carboxymethyl)-aminometyl]-o cresol is a fofta-lying tetrasodium salt C |eH 23 NjNa^O, 3S

D 3 * Sun 3 * Co 2 * Pb 2 * Zn 2 * Th 4 * Cd 2 * Nd 2 * La 3 * Sc 3 * Zr 4 * Jn 2 * Ni 2 * l*i 2 * Fe 2 * Cu 2 *

Lemon yellow (below pH 6) (for cobalt - orange)

Red or violet-red (for cobalt - violet)

0.1 g of the indicator is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride and sodium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass container or 0.1 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water. The solution is valid for 30 days

9 Methylthymol blue 3,3"-bis(M,N-di-(carboxymethyl)-aminomethyl|-thymolsulfophthalein tetra sodium salt

D 3 ‘V g 3 * Co 2 * Pb 2 * Zn 2 * Th 4 * Cd 2 * Hg 2 * La 3 * Sc 3 * Zf 4 * Jn 2 * Ni 2 * Mn 2 * Fe 2 * Cu 2 *

Yellow (in an acidic environment), gray (in an alkaline environment)

0.1 g of inthetor is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride. The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

Relative

Definable

Indicator bevel

preparation of indicator solution or indicator mixture

molecular

In absence

in the presence of cations

10 Variamine blue hydrochloride

N-(l-Methoxyphenyl)-l-phenylenediamine hydrochloride c i3 H u N 2° "HO or Variamin blue sulfate I^l-Meoxyphenyl >*l-phenylenediamine sulfate C^kNjO HjSO*

Fe 3 * Cd 2 * Cu 2 * Pb 2 * 2l 2 *

Xi non-purple

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

11 Murexide

5.5"-nitrilodibarbituroe "ground ammonium cog 1-aqueous Ca^OeNe HjO

Blue non-violet (above pH 6)

Orange (for calcium).

Yellow (for copper and nickel).

Red (for cobalt)

0.1 g of the indicator is ground in an agate mortar in 10 g of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar.

12 Eriochrome black T H(1-Hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-vozo]-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt

Blue (alkaline environment)

Redviolet

0.1 g of indicator is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

The mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar or 0.2 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

1 -<2-пириделазо)-2-нафтол С^Н^НзО

2l 2 * Cd 2 * Cu 2 * Ca 2 * AP* Co 2 * Fe 2 * BP*

Yellow (in a neutral environment), yellow-green (in an acidic environment)

Red, violet (for copper)

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol.

The solution is valid for 30 days

4-(2-pyridylaeo)-reeoorcin

Bi 3 * cd 2 * A1 3 * Mn 2 * Nd 2 * Pb 2 * Cu 2 * 2n 2 * No. 2 * Sr 2 * Ba 2 *

Yellow (neutral and acidic environment)

Redviolet

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol or 0.1 g of disodium salt of the indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

15 Pyrogallol red Pyrogallosulfophthalein

Yellow (in acidic environment)

Red (for bismuth)

0.05 syndicator is dissolved in 100<х э раствора этилового спирта с массовой долей 50 %

Name and formula of mdicagora

Relative

molecular

Determining me cations

OFVSKA indicator

Preparation of an indicator solution or indicator mixture

Here's the thing

"ationoa

In the presence of cations

16 Pyrocatechol violet 3.3",4"-Trio kem fuk son-2 e-sulfo yam slots CiaH 14 0yS

VY*AY 4 RY? 4 Cd 24 Th* 4 Ni 24 Cu 24 Co 24

Mg 2 * Zn 24 F* 4 Ml 24

Yellow (in an acidic environment), violet (in an alkaline environment)

Red (for thorium)

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water.

The solution is valid for 30 days

17 Sulfarsaevn 4-Nitro-2-arsonobenzene-1,4-diazoamino-azobeneol-4"-sulfonic acid sodium ool Ct^HuQe^SAeNa

Lemon but yellow, green (for nickel)

Orange-pink (for zinc and lead), pink (for cadmium), pinkish-violet (for nickel)

0.05 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of sodium tetraborate solution. The solution is valid for 30 days

16 Sulphosalium slot 2-hydroxy-5*sulfonic acid

Yellow (in acidic environment)

Dark cherry

10 g of indicator is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm 3

4-(2-Tizzol yl-a eo)-resorcinol C 9 H,N30 2 S

Cu 2 ' Mn 2 * Ca 2 * Ni 2 * Cd 24 Pb 2 ' Co 2 ' Zn 24 Mg 24

Yellow-green

Yellow-violet

Purple

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

20 Thymolphthalexone

3.3"-bis(M.Ni-di(har6oximethyl)

aminomethyl]-thymolphthalein

From 38 m 44 ^iOi2

Colorless (in crushed environment)

0.1 g of the indicator is ground in an agate mortar with 10 g of sodium chloride or potassium chloride (the mixture is stored in a hermetically sealed dark glass jar) or 0.5 g of the indicator is dissolved in 100 ml of water

21 Tyrone (Tyrone)

4. 5-hyhydrassy-1.3-

bey eoldt disodium sulfonic acids

vaya salt monogioret

Colorless

0.5 g of indicator is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 25 cm 3

Relative

Definable

Indicator bevel

preparing an indicator solution or indicator mixture

Naming © and the formula “mdiktor

molecular

In absence

In the presence of cations

2-(2-Oxy-3.6-disulfo-1-naphthyl-azo)-bvnzolarsonic acid disodium salt C ie H 11 AsN 2 f4a 2 O 10 S 2

Yellow (in a dry environment)

0.5 g of indicator is dissolved in water and the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to 100 cm3

23 Chromaeurol S

2.6-Dichlorodimethylsu/phoxyfu-

Orange

Greenish blue

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3

with ndi carbon shelepa trina tri-

(in an acidic environment).

(for iron), full name

sea ​​salt

Yellow-green

lot (for aluminum

The solution is valid for 15 days

Ca 2 * Mg 2 * Ni 2 *

(in alkaline environment)

minium, calcium, magnesium, nickel), blue (for copper)

Otnoitely<ая

molecular

Normal voltage potential

oxidized form

unrestored form

Preparation of indicator solution

Indicators that are insensitive to changes in pH and ionic strength of the solution

1 Diphenylamine N-phenylaniline

Purple

Colorless

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of sulfuric acid

2 Sodium diphenylaminosulfonate diphenipamino-4-essence of fox islot sodium salt

purple

Colorless

3 Xylene cyanol FF S-Diethyl-l-

amine oo xysulfodimet il-fuc oo nsulfate sodium salt ^25^27

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

Name and formula of the indicator

Relative

molecular

normal

oxidative

potential

oxidized form

restored

preparing an indicator solution

4 oTolidan Z.Z"-Dimvtlbeneidin

Colorless

0.5 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 50%

5 Fe ii lantrani loye mslots Diphenylamine-2"-carbon slots

purple

Colorless

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath in 100 cm 3 of sodium carbonate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2%

6 Ferroin

O-phenanthroline sulfate iron complex

Pale blue

0.71 g of iron (II) sulfate (FeSO* - 7H2O) is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water, 1.49 g of o-phenanthroline is added and stirred until completely dissolved

7 l-Ethoxychrieoidone chloride-

2,4-doamino-4"-ethoxyaeo6eneol

hydrochloride

C„H ie N,0 on

0.2 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

Indus to agora, Itelmene’s sensitivity to changes in pH and pH of the solution

6 H-(p-methoxyphenyl)-l-phenylenediamine base (varie-m and new blue)

s p n i yr

Colorless

0.2 g of indicator is ground with mezcal crystals of ascorbic acid. then extract 5 cm3 portions with water four times, collecting the solution into a separating funnel with a capacity of 150 cm3, add 5 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and 20 cm3 of benzene, shake the mixture and filter into another separating funnel through a filter moistened with water. The aqueous layer is processed two more times. shaking with 5 cm 3 of benzene, and filter again through a filter moistened with water.

The benzene fractions are collected together in a separating funnel with a capacity of 150 cm 3, 20 cm 3 of acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 30% is added and filtered through a filter moistened with water. Acetic acid solution is good for 20 days

Name and formula of the indicator

Relative

molecular

Normal “continuing potential e-ov”

oxidized forms"

restored

Preparation of indicator solution

9 LCl-methoxyphenylH-phenylenediamine hydrochloride with 13 m and no "on

10 M-(l-methoxyphenyl>-l-phenylenediamine sulfate with 13 H u n jO "H2SO4

11 Methylene blue N.N.bf.N"-tetramethylthioni on trihydric chloride C^N^CJ 3^0

0.53 Gphi pH 0 +0.01 at pH 7

Colorless

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 50 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol when heated in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath

12 Neutral red 3-amine o-7-dimet ylamine-2-

methylphenaeine hydrochloride C 15 H 18 N< НС*

0.24 at pH 0 -062 at pH 7

Colorless

0.05 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 solution of ethyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 60%

13 Nile blue A 3-Amino-7-diethylamino-1,2 benzo-phen axoe one chloride

CaoNzoONzO

♦0.41 at PH 0

Colorless

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

14 Safranin T

A mixture of dimethyl-ytrimetmlpheno-

safranina

♦0.24 at рНО -029 at pH 7

brown

Colorless

0.05 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

naming© and the formula “idikegorv

Relative

molecular

applications

Change in color

preparing an indicator solution

2 Ammonium iron (III) sulfate (1:12) (ferroammonium alum) 12* aqueous

NH 4 Fe(S0 4) 2 12HjO

Rodanome-

With thiocyanate (CNS) a blood-red color is formed

50 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of smoldering water, cooled. filter and add nitrogen until the color changes.

The solution becomes almost completely discolored.

3 Diphenylcarbaeide

Mercurome-

From colorless to violet

1 g of indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or with low heating in a water bath and 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol. The solution is ready for use after five days

4 ^fennlcarbazone

from 13 to 12 o'clock

Mvrhuromv-

From colorless to violet

1 g of the indicator is dissolved by heating in a water bath or by gently heating in a water bath in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol. The solution is stored in a dark glass bottle. The solution is stable for 15 days

5 Potassium chromium layer KjCfO*

Argentome-

Appearance of a weak red-osmium color of the suspension

5 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

6 Soluble starch

Iodometry

Iodine produces a dark blue color

The indicator solution is prepared in one of two ways:

a) 03 g of indicator is stirred with 5 cm 3 of cold water, the mixture is slowly poured while stirring and 100 cm 3 of boiling water and boiled for 2-3 minutes.

The solution is used freshly prepared.

b) 5 g of indicator and 10 mg of iodine mercury Hgl 2 are stirred with cold water into the paste, poured in and 1 dm 3 of smoldering water, continue boiling for 1-3 kyn.

After cooling, the solution is poured into a jar with a polished stopper. The solution lasts for a long time

It’s even on them, the formula and o™oa<г«льная молекулярная масса индикатора

pH of the dig

Change in fluorescence

Preparation of the solution

In an acidic environment

In a “virgin environment”

1 Acridine Dibeneolyridine C 13 H N 179.21

Purple blue

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

2 Coumarin 1.2-Benzopyrone

Light green

0.5 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

3 2-Naphthol (beta-Naphthol)

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol

4 Salicylic acid 2-hydroxybenzoic wslots

Dark blue

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

5 Fluorescein sodium ool

6<жси-9-(о-карбоксифенилМ>luoran

sodium ool

SzoNcNaOz

Greenish

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

6 Chromotrope of oleic acid disodium salt

1,8-Duxinaphthalene-3.b-

disulfonic acid disodium salt

CinH e Na 2 O e S2 2HjO 400.24

0.1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

7 Quinine hydrochloride

Purple

Purple

0.2 g m indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

2.4,5.7-Tetrabromofluorescein dina trieeea ool

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

named. formula and relative

Catalysts

Translation rn

CMT information

Psygogelation of solution

molecular weight indicator

In an acidic environment

In a hat environment

2.4.5-Triphenylimidaeol

Yellow cataract

1 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of acetone

2 Luminol

5-amimo-2,3-dihydrophthalaeindione-

MFefCN)^ or hemoglobin

0.01 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol (stirred for 15 minutes)

3 Liuivnin

10.1(G-Dimethyl-9.?-biacridinium di-nitrate

Green-blue

0.5 g of indicator is dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water

Name

Preparation

1 Iodine starch paper

Prepared according to GOST 4517

2 Starch iodate paper

They prepare it the same way. like iodine starch paper, but instead of potassium iodide, potassium iodic acid is used

3 Congo paper

The filter paper is impregnated with a solution of the Congo indicator prepared according to paragraph 16 of Table 1. Under the influence of a solution of hydrochloric acid with a molar concentration of c(HC1) = 0.001 mol/dm3, the color changes to violet-blue

4 Turmeric paper

20 g of turmeric root powder are infused for 24 hours with 100 cm 3 of water. After decanting, the powder is dried and infused for 24 hours with 100 cm 3 of ethyl alcohol. The resulting solution is impregnated with filter paper. Under the influence of a sodium hydroxide solution of molar concentration c(NaOH) = 0.004 mol/dm3, the yellow color of the paper should immediately change to brown (color transition pH 7.S-9.5)

5 Litmus paper

The filter paper is soaked with a litmus solution prepared according to paragraph 22 of Table 1. In this case, to obtain red litmus paper, a solution of hydrochloric acid of molar concentration c(HC!) = 0.1 mol/dm 3 is added to the indicator solution. and to obtain blue litmus paper - a solution of sodium hydroxide with a molar concentration of c(NaOH) = 0.1 mol/dm 3 until the color changes to the appropriate color. Under the influence of a sodium hydroxide solution of molar concentration c(NaOH) = 0.00025 mol/dm 3 on red litmus paper and a solution of hydrochloric acid of molar concentration c(HC1) = 0.0002 mol/dm 3 on blue litmus paper, the color of the paper changes within 1 minute.

6 Phenolphthalein paper

Filter paper is impregnated with a phenolphthalein solution with a mass fraction of 1%. prepared according to point 43 of table 1

7 Paper or cotton soaked in a solution of lead acetate

Prepared according to GOST 4517

8 Paper impregnated with copper sulfate solution

They prepare it the same way. like paper impregnated with a solution of lead acetate, but instead of lead acetate, a solution of copper sulfate of molar concentration c(CuS0 4 ■ 5H g O) = 1 mol/dm 3 is used. which is prepared by dissolving 12.5 g of copper (II) sulfate in 100 cm 3 of water

9 Universal paper

Filter paper is impregnated with a solution of a universal indicator with a mass fraction of 0.1%. prepared according to point 9 of table 3

Name, formula

Solvent

Translations verede

Indicator solution used

AND OTMOSHGFPNDYA

molecular weight of indicator

From silky to sour

From acidic to alkaline

1 Alizarin yellow R (see paragraph 2 of table 1)

Dtmethylformamide

Yellow - violet-colored

Solution in dimethylformide with a mass fraction of 0.2%

2 Aeroviolet

4-(4-H it rofe ni laeo)-resorcinol

A solution of acetone and benzene with a mass fraction of 0.2%. ethylenediamine. i-butylamine. pyridine

dimethylformamide

Red - blue (and in case of weak tslots) Acids: yellow - orange blue-violet Phenogs: orange - red

blue-violet

A solution of 8 methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 1%

Acetone-pyridine

Yellow - orange - blue

Saturated solution of benzene

3 Bromine green (see paragraph 5 of table 1)

Benzene, chlorobenzene

Blue-yellow

4 Bromocresol purple (see paragraph 6 of table 1)

Benzene, chlorobenzene

Purple-yellow

5 Bromine phenol blue (see item in table 1)

Chlorobenzene

Depending on the strength of the rust base, purple - pink - yellow - colorless

Saturated solution of chlorobenzene

6 Dtmet compressed sludge (see paragraph 10 of table 1)

Dichloromethane, benzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform. carbon tetrachloride

Yellow - pink

Solution 8 in chloroform with a mass fraction of 0.1%

7 Congo red (see paragraph 16 of table 1)

Hexane, acetone, dioxane Chloroform, dioxane

Yellow - orange Red - blue

Solution in chloroform with a mass fraction of 0.1%

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.1%

6 Creole red (see paragraph 17 of table 1)

Yellow - pink - red

A solution in a mixture of acetic acid and chlorobenzene (1:1) with a mass fraction of 0.5%

9 o-Cresolphthalein (see paragraph 19 of Table 1)

Chloroform-carbon tetrachloride

Colorless - violet-pink (barbiturates)

A solution in a mixture of methyl alcohol and chloroform (1:1) with a mass fraction of 1%

Name, formula

Solvent

Transition

From raw to sour

From ACID X shvlochma

10 Crystal Violet N.N.N".N".N".N"-

hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride

Acetic acid, acetic acid - propionoic acid

Acetic anhydride

Dioxane - acetic anhydride

Violet - dark blue - blue-green - green-yellow

Blue-yellow-green

Violet - blue - yellow-green

A solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 1%

Rastaor in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.1%

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.2%

11 Malachite green

Tag ramethyldiaminot rife nylcar-

binolanhydroxalate

Tshrametldiam No. from Rife nil carbinol hydrochloride

Acetic acid - nponionic acid

Acetic acid - acetic anhydride

Blue-green - green-yellow

Titrated with sodium acetate: Green-yellow -yellow-green

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.S%

12 Meta nylon yellow (Art>1. Item 26 of Table 1)

Chlorobenzene

Wishing - purple

Rastaor in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.1%

About pionic acid

Light yellow - purple

A solution in a mixture of lropionic acid and dioxane (1:1) with a mass fraction of 0.1%

13 Methyl red (see subparagraph 24 of table 1)

/Acetone, acetonitrile methyl ethyl ketone. methyl-shaobutyl ketone

Yellow - orange - front - pink - violet-red

Yellow-orange - pink darkens

Solution in dioxane with a mass fraction of 0.1%

Acetone - acetic acid

Orange - orange-pink

Saturated solution of vacuum and nitrile

Acetonitrile-chloroform-phenol

Orange-pink-violet-red

Saturated solution of acetonitrile

Hexane - acetone

Bright orange - pink

Name, formula

Rastvositvl

Transition to paintable environment

Primonyvmy indicator indicator

molecular weight of the indicator

From alkali to acidic

Or acidic x alkaline

14 Methyl orange (see paragraph 26 of table 1)

Acetone - acetic anhydride - acetic acid

Yellow - orange

Saturated solution in acetone

Acetone-acetic acid

Yellow - orange

A solution in acetone with a mass fraction of 0.25%

15 Methyl violet (see paragraph 27 of table 1)

Acetone, acetonitria methyl ethyl ketone. methyl isobutyl ketone

Purple - dark blue - light blue

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.1%

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Violet - blue - blue-green - yellow

Acetic acid - dichloroethane; vinegar *m slot - dioxane

Blue - green-yellow

A solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 1%

Acetic acid - nitrometer

Purple - blue - green

A solution of chlorobenzene with a mass fraction of 0.2%

Acetic acid - chlorobenzene - acetic anhydride

Violet - blue - yellow green

Solution in chlorobenzene with a mass fraction of 0.2%

Methyl ethyl ketone - acetic anhydride

Purple - green - blue

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.1%

161-Naftolbenein

Phenyl-bis-(6-go droxy naphthyl-2*

carbinol)

Acetone, acetonitrile

Methyl ethyl ketone. methyl-hysobutyl ketone

Yellow - light green - green

Yellow - green

Solution in isopropyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 1%

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.02%

Acetic acid - propionic acid - isopropyl alcohol

Orange - brownish green - green

Solution in methyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 1.0%

Benzene - acetic acid

When back titrated with sodium acetate: dark green - green - yellow

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5%

Name, formula

Solvent

Perekhodokraosh worede

Indicator solution used

and relative molecular weight of the indicator

From whispery to sour

From sour to silky

161-Naftolbenein

Phenyl-bis-(6-hydropsi naphthyl-2-

carbinol)

Benzene-isopropyl alcohol

Acetic anhydride - nitromethane

Yellow-green -dark green

Orange - brownish green

A solution in isopropyl alcohol or a mixture of benzene-methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 1.0%

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5%

17 Neutral red (see paragraph 29 of table 1)

Red - yellow in the case of inorganic acids

16 Nile Blue A (see paragraph 13 of Table 6)

Acetic acid, propionic acid

Blue - colorless

n-Butylamine. pyridine, dimethylformamide

Red - yellow - blue depending on the strength of the acid

Solution in methyl alcohol and di*methylformamide with a mass fraction of 0.3%

1,4-Diocean

Red - yellow - hedgehog

Solution in dioxane with a mass fraction of 0.3%

Acetone-pyridine

Yellow - blue

Benzene-methyl alcohol

Red - yellow - blue

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.3%

19 2-Nitroaniline and 4-Nitroaniline

Ethylene diamine

Yellow - orange

Solution in benzene with a mass fraction of 0.15%

20 4-Nitro-4"-aminoaeobenzene

Ethylenediamine

(front - (blue) - colorless

A solution of benzene with a mass fraction of 0.05%

21 Sudan III

Beneol-<1 -еэо-1 >benzene-(4"-aeo-1">2"-naphthol

Acetic acid - propienic acid

Yellow - red - blue

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.02%

Name, formula

Rastvosital

Transition to paintable environment

apply to my indicator solution

molecular weight of the indicator

From alkali to acidic

From acidic to alkaline

22 Thymol blue (see punya E6 table 1)

Acetone. methyl alcohol

Yellow - red

Yellow - blue (in the case of substituted, benzoic acids)

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.3%

Acetonitrile

In weak acids: yellow - green - blue

In carbonic acids: Fasic - yellow -

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.3%

Metipdellosol

Yellow - orange - red

Solution in dimegylformamide with a mass fraction of 0.3%

Propylene - glycol-chloroform

Yellow - pink

23 Thymolphthalein (see item “a 37 of table 1)

Colorless - blue

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.2%

24 Tropeolin 00 (see paragraph 38 of table 1)

Acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone. ethyl-eomethylket

Acetic acid - propionic acid

Yellow - violet-red

Yellow-orange - purple - pink-red

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5%

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5%

Benzene - nitromethane

Yellow - roeoeo-fes-naya

Solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 1%

Dichloroethane - acetic acid - acetic anhydride

Yellow - pink-red

Solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5%

25 Phenolphthalein (see paragraph 43 of Table 1)

Acetone, benzene, chlorobenzene

Colorless - front

A solution in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0 2% or a saturated solution in benzene

26 Hina l 01 new fesnm N-Ethyl-1-dimethyleninyl-quinoliniodide

Acetic acid, prolyanoic acid

Yellow - dark red - colorless

A solution in acetic acid with a mass fraction of 02% or a saturated solution in acetic acid

Composing parts of a mixed indicator

Solvent

Translation of environment

Apply a solution of self-indicator

From alkaline to acidic

From sour to silky

1 Dimethyl yellow Methylene blue

Acetonitrile

Red*brown - green

A solution in methyl alcohol of dimethyl yellow with a mass fraction of 1% and methylene blue with a mass fraction of 0.1%

2 Methylene blue Quinaldine red

Nitromethane beneol

Purple - blue - green

A solution in methyl alcohol of methylene blue with a mass fraction of 0.1% and jinaljo red with a mass fraction of 0.2%

3 Thymolphthalein TropvolinO

Mwtylethylheton

Yellow - green (barbiturates)

Solution in dimethylformamide in thymol phtalage with a mass fraction of Vol% and tropeolin 0 with a mass fraction of 0.4%

4 Thymol phthalein Methyl orange

Ethyl alcohol

Yellow - green

A solution in a 1:1 ratio of a solution of thymolphthalein in methyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 0.5% and an aqueous solution of methyl orange with a mass fraction of 0.02%

Reagents and highly pure substances

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS
INDICATORS

Reagents and matters of special purity.
Methods for preparation of indicator solutions

GOST
4919.1-77

(Introducedadditionally, Rev. No. 1).

1.1. Solutions are prepared from indicators finely ground in an agate or porcelain mortar.

1.2. The masses of indicator samples are weighed with an error of no more than 0.001 g.

1.3. If necessary, indicators are dissolved in ethyl alcohol by heating in a water bath.

1.4. For the preparation of indicator solutions, indicator papers and mixtures, auxiliary reagents of chemically pure grade are used. h., or pure for analysis, analytical grade, (in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documentation for them) or their solutions.

1.4.a. To prepare indicator papers, use deashed paper filters or washed and dried filter paper.

The filter paper is first washed with a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, then with water, then with a dilute ammonia solution, again with water, and dried.

1.5. To increase the shelf life of aqueous solutions of indicators, when preparing these solutions, it is allowed to add up to 20% ethyl alcohol while maintaining the total volume of the prepared solution.

1.4 - 1.5. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.6. The pH range for the color transition of solutions of acid-base indicators is determined using buffer mixtures prepared in accordance with GOST 4919.2-77.

In this case, 5 ml of the following buffer mixtures are poured into six well-washed, steamed, dry test tubes made of colorless glass of the same diameter: into two test tubes, buffer mixtures corresponding to the pH values ​​​​indicated in the table. 1, the other four are mixtures having pH values ​​0.2 and 0.4 lower than the first value and pH values ​​0.2 and 0.4 higher than the second value.

Add 0.05 ml of indicator solution to each test tube, mix the contents of the test tubes and observe the color of the solutions against the background of milk glass in transmitted light.

Of the six test tubes on the scale, arranged in ascending order of pH values, in the first two test tubes the colors should be the same and correspond to the color of the more acidic medium indicated in the table. 1.

In the last two test tubes, the colors should be the same and correspond to the color of a more alkaline medium indicated in the table. 1; in the two middle test tubes the first color change towards one color or another should be observed.

Example. Determination of the pH range for the color transition of phenol red.

The pH range of color transition is 6.8 - 8.4.

Color transition from yellow to red.

Prepare a scale of buffer mixtures with the following pH values: 6.4; 6.6; 6.8; 8.4; 8.6; 8.8.

Buffer mixtures at pH 6.4 and 6.6 should be equally yellow; in the buffer mixture at pH 6.8, the first color change to red should be observed; in the buffer mixture at pH 8.4, the first change in color from red to yellow should be observed; buffer mixtures at pH 8.6 and 8.8 should be equally colored red.

1.7. The suitability of prepared solutions of other groups of indicators is checked according to the regulatory and technical documentation for these indicators.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.8. Indicator solutions and indicator mixtures are stored in places protected from light.

1.9. Solutions of mixed indicators are stored in bottles made of dark glass.

1.10. When storing solutions of indicators and indicator mixtures for a long time, before using them, you should make sure that their appearance has not changed.

1.8 - 1.10. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

2. REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS

Ferrous sulfate according to GOST 4148-78.

Turmeric root.

Mercury iodine.

Rectified technical ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87, premium grade.

Isopropyl alcohol.

Carbon tetrachloride according to GOST 20288-74.

Chlorobenzene.

Petroleum ether.

Ethyl ether.

Sec. 2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3. PREPARATION OF INDICATOR SOLUTIONS

3.1. Acid-base indicators

Table 1

* It is allowed to use a water-soluble indicator (sodium, potassium or ammonium salt). In this case, a 0.04% aqueous solution of the drug is prepared.

3.1.1. List of acid-base indicators in order of increasing pH intervals of color transition

table 2

3.2. Mixed acid-base indicators

Table 3

3.3. Adsorption indicators

Table 4

3.4. Complexometric indicators

Table 5

3.5. Redox indicators

Table 6