Development of sand quarries. Blog – Sand mining in Russia – where and how is sand mined?! Dry quarry method

Carrying out construction work, regardless of their complexity, requires the presence of high-quality sand. This building material is of natural origin and is mined in special quarries. Due to its enormous popularity, every specialist involved in the construction industry should know how sand is extracted. Having such knowledge, you can assess the relevance of its use for a particular type of construction!

Basic characteristics

In its natural form, it is a sedimentary rock and in most cases consists of the natural mineral quartz. According to composition and origin, it can be divided into several types:

1. Natural, mined through the destruction and subsequent grinding of natural rocks to the state of a homogeneous substance of small grains;
2. Arising from natural phenomena: raw materials related to this species, can be divided into alluvial, colluvial, marine, lacustrine and ash;
3. Heavy artificial, obtained as a result of the deliberate loosening and crushing of various hard mineral rocks. In this case, a substance with different grain sizes and fineness is obtained.

When used for construction purposes, it is important to know where sand is mined, have information about its processing methods, and also know about other characteristics.

Basic mining and processing methods

To understand how it is obtained, you should study the main sources of its production.

1. River. The most common building material that is mined near riverbeds or from the bottom of rivers and reservoirs. It is characterized by extreme purity and the absence of impurities, clay deposits and small stones;
2. Career. There are two varieties: washed and seeded. In the first case, it is extracted by digging quarries and subsequent crushing of the resulting raw materials by washing and cleaning them from various impurities and deposits. The second option involves drying and further sifting, which allows you to rid the raw materials of harmful impurities.
3. Naturally educated. Current legislation determines that such raw materials can be classified as bulk materials of inorganic origin. According to GOST, it has special requirements for grain size and fineness.

Material extracted from special deposits differs from raw materials from places where river sand is mined. Considering that various repair and construction work may require one type or another, special attention should be paid to the choice.

High-quality building materials from the company "Inert Group"

Over the years of successful activity in the segment of supplying high-quality construction Supplies, managed to establish itself as one of the best partners for private or large-scale construction, offering high-quality materials at the best prices!

In this article:

Sand is one of the most popular building materials. Since people use it in economic and construction activities. But, despite the fact that sand literally lies under our feet, the extraction of this mineral in industrial quantities is not an easy task, which requires knowledge of technology and huge financial investments. Therefore, next we will look at how to organize an enterprise for the extraction and production of sand?

How to register sand mining?

In order for sand mining activities to be legal, it is necessary to formalize the quarry and register the enterprise.

It is better to register a company as an LLC using a simplified taxation system. Next, you need to obtain the right to use the quarry and obtain a license.

This license is valid for 5 years, but can then be extended.

In the process of legalizing a business, you may need the following: OKVED codes and regulatory documents:

• 14.21 – “Development of sand and gravel quarries”;
• 14.22 – “Extraction of kaolin and clay.”
• GOST 8736-93 – “Construction sand. THAT";
• GOST 4417-75 – “Quartz sand for welding work.”

Sand mining technology

The choice of sand extraction technology depends on the origin of the building material - quarry, sea or river. Sand extraction can be done using the following methods:

• open,
• closed.

Open pit sand mining

Sand mining open method is more common. This technology uses scrapers, dump trucks, excavators, aerial ropeways and other equipment. Deposits of non-metallic minerals are usually hidden under layers of soil and clay rocks. They are called overburdens.

Before sand mining begins, scrapers and bulldozers carry out stripping operations. This helps prevent various impurities from getting into the sand. The ratio of the volume of the rock layer to the total volume of minerals is called the stripping ratio. The next operation is to lay trenches for working benches and transport routes. The height of the ledge is determined technical characteristics excavator.

Typically, a single-bucket or multi-bucket excavator is used to extract sand. The bucket volume of this special equipment varies from 0.25 to 15 m 3 .

The sand that is mined by this method is usually yellow-orange in color and is not the best in its properties. Therefore, it is subsequently cleaned, after which the material can be used in the preparation of plaster and masonry mortars, and in the production of bricks.

Technology of sand extraction using a closed (hydromechanized) method

Sand is extracted from the bottom of reservoirs using a hydromechanized method. To develop underwater deposits, dredgers or floating installations are used. They look like a pontoon that is fixed and moved using anchors, cables and piling devices. On this equipment there is a dredger - the most powerful pump. A mechanical ripper and dredger are lowered to the bottom of the reservoir. These devices work together, and loosened sand is sucked into the pipe and then moved in the form of a hydraulic mixture along a floating slurry pipeline, which consists of pipe links and floats.

Finally, the slurry (a mixture of sand and water) is placed in hydraulic dumps, from where the water flows back into the reservoir. Simultaneously with this operation, the mineral is washed from clay and dust impurities.

Business plan for quarrying and sand extraction

Objective of the project– extraction of different-grained quartz sand from a deposit (quarry) and its sale on the territory of the Russian Federation.

It is planned that the development of deposits at the enterprise will be carried out using open-pit methods. Favorable mining and geological conditions allow stripping operations to be carried out simultaneously with mining. The average height of benches for a quartz sand deposit is 5 meters - 1 bench, and the maximum angle of repose is 35-40°.

In quartz sand deposits, water can be cut to a depth of about 8 meters. The water flow is not significant, at which all work can be carried out without pumping. Capital costs for sand mining

Equipment purchase costs

1. Excavator “Hyundai R220LC-9S” (made in Korea).

Specifications:

• power - 194 kW/263 hp;
• bucket volume – 1.43 m3;
• digging depth – 6,440 mm.

The price of the excavator is 5,744,681 rubles.

2. Loader “SEM 639 B”, 1.7 m 3.

• Bucket volume – 3.0 m3;
• Engine power - 162/220 kW/hp;

The price of the loader is 1,468,085 rubles.

3. KrAZ dump truck – 6510.

Specifications:

• Load capacity – 18,000 kg;
• Platform volume – 12 m3.

The price of the car is 2,648,936 rubles.

4. Insulated trailer. Price – 478,723 rubles.

5. Walkie-talkies. Price – 24,468 rubles.

6. Fire shield. Price – 8,511 rubles.

7. 200 liter fuel tanks. Price – 28,723 rubles;

8. Oil tank 200 liters. Price – 9,574 rubles;

9. Diesel heater. Price – 4,255 rubles;

10. Gas stove. Price – 7,447 rubles;

11. Gas cylinder. Price – 3,191 rubles;

12. Drinking tanks. Price – 5,106 rubles;

13. Diesel generator for a trailer. Price – 350,000 rubles;

14. Tables. Price – 4,255 rubles;

15. Chairs. Price – 2,128 rubles;

16. Refrigerator. Price – 5,318 rubles.

Total capital costs: – 10,799,401 rubles.

Costs for renting equipment from Europe for transporting goods (per year):

• Tractor "Volvo" (7 pcs.). Price – 24,592,340 rubles;
• Tipper semi-trailer "Schwarzmuller" (7 pcs.).

Specifications:

• Payload – 33 tons;
• Own weight - 9.2 tons.

Price – 10,876,882 rubles;

Installation of hydraulic units (7 pcs.) – 1,000,851 rubles;

Customs operations – 2,861,150 rubles;

Delivery costs – 1,340,425 rubles.

Total: 40,671,648 rubles.

Payroll costs for production personnel at a mineral deposit

Foreman (1 person) – monthly salary – 31,915 rubles; per year - 382,980 rubles.

Excavator operator (2 people) – monthly salary – 80,064 rubles; per year – 960,768 rubles;

Forklift driver (1 person) – monthly salary – 30,532 rubles; per year – 366,384 rubles.

KrAZ driver (1 person) – monthly salary – 42,553 rubles; per year – 510,636 rubles.

Accountant (1 person) – monthly salary – 20,766 rubles; per year – 249,192 rubles.

Watchman (2 people) – monthly salary – 34,021 rubles; per year – 408,252 rubles.

Cook (1 person) – monthly salary – 20,766 rubles; per year – 249,192 rubles.

Total fund wages for the year will be 3,127,404 rubles

Quarry development costs

Fire extinguisher (3 pcs.) – 4,468 rubles;

Refilling a gas cylinder – 5,957 rubles;

Construction helmets (3 pcs.) – 2,553 rubles;

Golitsy (10 pairs) – 1064 rubles;

Raincoats (3 pcs.) – 2,872 rubles;

Construction shovels (5 pcs.) – 1,277 rubles;

Lantern for a trailer (1 piece) – 2,128 rubles;

Overalls and shoes for 5 people – 53,191 rubles;

Ax (2 pcs.) – 1,702 rubles;

Hammers (3 pcs.) – 702 rubles;

Sledgehammer (3 pcs.) – 3,191 rubles;

Tongs (3 pcs.) – 638 rubles;

Screwdrivers (3 sets) – 2,128 rubles.

Wrenches (3 sets) – 15,957 rubles;

Pliers (5 pcs.) – 532 rubles;

Carrying bags (3 pcs.) – 511 rubles;

Dog (2 pcs.) – 6,383 rubles.

Total: 105,254 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of food for workers at the quarry

The cost of 1 lunch is 117 rubles;

Number of workers – 9 workers;

The cost of lunch per month is 22,117 rubles;

The cost of lunch per year is 265,404 rubles.

Other costs

The cost of feeding 2 dogs per year will be 61,277 rubles.

Rental costs (per year): house in a village near a quarry – 76,595 rubles;

Vacuum truck – 12,766 rubles;

Total: 89,361 rubles.

Advertising costs

• Billboard rental (3 pcs.) – 38,298 rubles;
• Advertising in a newspaper – 5,106 rubles;
• Radio advertising – 10,638 rubles;

Total costs per month – 54,042 rubles;

Total per year – 108,084 rubles.

Indirect costs

• Consumption diesel fuel for the maintenance of a fleet of special equipment - 17 liters per year. The average cost of diesel fuel is 30 rubles/liter;
• Consumption lubricants for the operation of auxiliary equipment - 3 thousand liters per year. The price of lubricants is 22 rubles/liter;
• Equipment utilization rate – 0.2;

Total costs for fuels and lubricants will be: (17,000 * 30 + 3000 * 22) * 0.2 = 115,200 rubles.

Costs of tax deduction for sand extraction

For the period from January 1 to December 31, 2013, the rate for sand extraction is 5.5%.

The total cost of paying the tax will be: 0.055 * 77,750,000 = 4,276,250 rubles.

The total cost of sand extraction is: 48,819,882 rubles.

Revenue

Annual volumes of quartz sand production:

• Fine-grained sand – 60,000 m3;
• Medium-grained sand – 70,000 m3;
• Coarse sand (screenings) – 80,000 m 3 ;
• High-fine sand – 45,000 m3.

Revenue for the year will be:

• From the sale of fine-grained sand (Price – 150 rubles/m3): 60,000 * 150 = 9,000,000 rubles.
• From the sale of medium-grained sand (Price - 300 rubles/m 3): 70,000 * 300 = 21,000,000 rubles;

The Moscow region is a region rich in deposits of sand and gravel-pebble material, which are valuable building materials. The development of a quarry, which involves the extraction of these minerals, requires constant, diverse engineering support. The GeoGIS company provides various geodetic and geological services to enterprises whose scope of activity is the development of gravel and sand quarries, as well as the extraction of other rocks.

Quarry development and surveying

Any mining work, which includes quarrying:

quartz and polymict (consisting of different minerals) sands;

gravel and sand-gravel mixture (SGM);

• clays and loams;

  other soil materials, -

cannot be technically correctly planned and carried out, without geodetic surveying control and management of the mineral resource extraction process. Our company is one of the recognized leaders in the field of mine surveying and provides its many clients with qualified assistance at all stages of open pit development:

• during exploration work;
• when approving a quarry (including if it is planned to develop a quarry on agricultural land);
• when designing a quarry;
• during its arrangement and preparation for operation;
• throughout the entire period of operation of the field;
• at the stage of liquidation activities, when the extracted resources are coming to an end.

Development of gravel and sand quarries - geological support

The development of a quarry for the extraction of sand or gravel cannot begin until its justification has been carried out, including geological exploration and assessment of reserves of the productive horizon. No less important are the geological studies carried out by our company at the stage when the industrial development of gravel and sand quarries has already begun. The main task of geosupport for the development of an ASG quarry is operational exploration, which allows optimizing the mining process and extremely reducing the unproductive costs of the quarry owner. Experienced geological engineers at GeoGIS, who have successfully serviced more than one quarry in many areas of the Moscow region, will provide you with:

• prompt assessment of changes in the conditions of the productive formation from which the field is being exploited;
• regular sampling and analysis of the extracted resource (this is especially important if the development of a quarry for sand extraction is not carried out for construction purposes, but for the purpose of providing valuable mineral raw materials to glass-making enterprises or extracting valuable microimpurities from sand);
• geological justification for increasing the reserves of the exploited deposit and further expanding your quarry.

Cost of geological surveys for quarrying

How does our specialists begin developing a sand quarry?

1. We begin the development of sand quarries with the laying out of support surveying networks, which will subsequently become the geodetic basis for any measurements and engineering calculations that are constantly necessary during the development of a sand quarry by open pit method.
2. If the sand layer is covered on the surface by other geological deposits that are not of industrial value, then before the main development begins, we need to geodetically provide stripping preparatory work:
   • careful removal of the soil and plant layer (this layer will subsequently be useful for the reclamation of waste areas, which is provided for by the current environmental legislation);
   • removal, according to survey markings, of layers that interfere with direct access to the target sand formation.
3. After the completion of the preparatory stage, our tasks include: to outline the primary direction of the mine workings, to designate the locations and positions of mining equipment (quarry excavators, conveyors, etc.).

The development of a gravel quarry is organized according to the same scheme.

Features of stone quarry development

Unlike sand and gravel deposits, which are loose rocks, the development of stone quarries requires a special approach. To obtain what is needed in large quantities for construction various objects in Moscow and the Moscow region crushed stone requires much more effort. With the exception of those rare places where strong rocky soils have been finely crushed by natural processes, the development of a crushed stone quarry requires the use of very powerful rock-cutting equipment or regular drilling and blasting operations.

Attention! Surveying support for work of this kind is very serious task, and not everyone can trust it. Our surveyors undergo special training and strict testing of knowledge and skills in this area, so we can guarantee that the development of stone quarries entrusted to GeoGIS is carried out in compliance with all safety requirements and the principles of rational mining.

Current work on engineering support for the development of crushed stone quarries and ASG

In a quarry that has been put into operation, the initial stage of organization of which has been successfully completed, and stable work has been established, our surveyors provide:

obtaining, based on regular surveys, up-to-date data on the shape and condition of the quarry;

carrying out balance calculations accompanying the development of soil in a quarry (the ratio of explored reserves, extracted volumes, irrecoverable technological losses);

monitoring the mining and geological specifics of the deposit, the completeness of extraction of the contents of the developed formation;

drawing up and timely updating of mining plans;

protection of engineering structures from adverse effects quarry work(by predicting movements of soil masses, developing organizational and technical measures to prevent them).

Liquidation surveying during the development of a sand quarry using an open pit method

Preparing for the closure and liquidation of a quarry is quite a troublesome job. If you do not want to be among the violators of the requirements of land and environmental legislation, we recommend using the services of our company for:

carrying out final survey work to complete the development of sand quarries;

checking and filling out working survey documentation for quarry development;

registration of geodetic and geological materials subject to archiving.

High business reputation our company in the market of engineering geodetic and geological services, achieved thanks to excellent technical equipment and the concentration of highly qualified specialists in various professional fields on its staff - the key to a successful solution to your problems related to the opening and operation of quarry mines.

Sand – one of the most common building materials. Sand mining is carried out in large volumes. In the Moscow region alone, it is produced in a volume of more than 5.5 million m3, taking into account the PGM. It is used in road works, construction of structures, production of reinforced concrete products and landscaping.
Sand mining organizations (companies) in the Moscow region offer a wide range of types of this material throughout the region. Thanks to this, any construction task can be accomplished.

What methods are used to extract sand?

In the Moscow region, the following extraction methods are used:

• open-pit sand mining. Quarry development is initiated using special equipment. Various technologies provide the opportunity to obtain ordinary quarry, alluvial and seeded sand. All these types are used in construction and other areas of human activity;
• extraction of river sand. This procedure allows you to obtain a material with a minimum impurity content. It is considered very pure. To accomplish this task, sand dredgers are used. They are immersed in water from special floating platforms, after which they begin to suck up material from the bottom. After this, the sand is transported to the place of drying and storage through communications laid in the ground.

Quarry sand

Sand mining in a quarry provides the opportunity to obtain one of the cheapest varieties of this material. Due to the high content of impurities (clay, plant residues and other biocomponents), it is used mainly in rough work.
To improve the quality of the extracted material, a sand quarry can be equipped with devices for washing and seeding. This material is more expensive, but it is cleaner and has a wide range of applications.
Shine cleaning involves passing through several sieves with different mesh sizes. As a result, it is eliminated most of impurities.
Alluvial technology involves processing large volumes of water. During the work, clay and other impurities are washed away. This process is similar to that which takes place at the bottom of rivers. But due to faster exposure, sand grains retain sharp edges and better adhesive properties.
Washed sand has the widest range of applications, but its cost will be higher, since the development and extraction of sand requires significant financial costs.

river sand

Reservoir beds are one of the best sources sand The grains of sand at the bottom are thoroughly treated with water. Most often, sand gets there from mountain peaks, where rocks are eroded. Since the route is quite long, the grains of sand roll around and become more rounded.
Such material is in demand during finishing finishing works. It is used in the process of organizing sandboxes and landscaping the territory.
Most often, construction sand is mined from reservoirs. If necessary, it is divided into separate fractions for sale different tasks.

Careers of the Moscow region

Sand mining in the Moscow region is carried out in industrial scale. On this moment There are more than 110 quarries (the figure is given without taking into account water deposits). In 2009, reserves of this material together with ASG were estimated at 2.1 billion m3. The main production (more than 95%) is carried out by the 10 most large companies. The rest comes from small organizations.
Most construction sand production sites are concentrated in the Voskresensky, Kashira, Naro-Fominsk and Ramensky districts. More than 50% of all proven reserves of PGM are located in the Ruza region.
On the territory of the Moscow Region, construction, river, hydraulic, as well as natural sand of classes I and II are mined. This is quite enough to meet the needs of the region. A significant part of the material is sold outside its borders.

Licensing

For official production quarry sand A license is required. The process of obtaining this document takes place in several stages. First of all, you need to prove your organization’s ability to implement this task:

• preliminary estimate of subsoil reserves;
• obtain a drilling permit;
• prepare the material and raw material base and documents for participation in the auction to be won.

After this, sand mining sites are put on balance. A license is issued.