The largest number of pigs. The largest boar in the world: breeds and record holders
The largest boar in the world: a review of record holders and large breeds of domestic pigs. The larger the animal, the more powerful it is, the stronger it is, they are proud of it, and they also use it as genetic material to get the same large offspring in the future. But some farmers manage to fatten their animals to such an extent that their incredible size is included in the Guinness Book of Records, in the section for the largest wild boar in the world. So, let's look at the representatives of the largest wild boars in the world today.
Huge wild boars
Many hunters dream of getting a huge boar as a trophy. But Wild Boars are quite intelligent, huge and ferocious animals that are not so easy to catch. And this is especially true for wild boars, which are truly gigantic in size. So in the eastern part of Eurasia the largest representatives of this species of animals are found. Their weight reaches 500 kg. On average, the weight of wild boars is over 270 kg, but there are animals whose body weight exceeds the average.
- In 2015, the largest wild boar in the world was shot dead in the Ural Mountains. This news instantly spread throughout the planet and Peter Maksimov, who managed to catch such a wild boar, became famous. Some people living in those places claim that they saw several wild boars nearby, weighing even more than 500 kg. It can be concluded that the animals were able to gain such body weight due to the fact that hunting had not been carried out in these places for a long time due to the ban;
- The second incident is also very memorable. Jamison Stone, who at that time was 11 years old and could shoot a huge boar weighing 480 kg, many did not believe that this boy had succeeded in such a difficult task. In 2007, there was a lot of controversy about this event, but there was no way to confirm or deny this event;
- In 2004, the killing of a wild boar whose weight reached 360 kg was recorded in the state of Georgia; it was initially claimed that its weight was 450 kg. Controversy ensued, and in 2005 the buried boar was exhumed and the exact mass of the body was determined. As a result of genetic examination, they were able to establish that the boar was a mixture of wild and domestic pigs, that is, he was a mestizo;
- A wild boar with a live weight of about 350 kilograms was caught in Turkey; it was named Attilo.
Record-breaking boars
Many farmers specially fatten their pets in order to participate with them in various exhibitions where animals compete based on body weight. But until now the record for the largest boar in the world has not been achieved. Such a boar is Big Bill from Texas; in 1933 he set a record as the largest boar in the world, with a live weight of 1150 kg and a body length of 2.7 m. Information about him was preserved that he was a mixture of Polish and Chinese pigs. The parameters that corresponded to Big Bill did not correspond to the average for representatives of this breed. And this pig was preserved, making a stuffed animal out of it.
And another pig that is truly gigantic in size is the boar - Higt Rate, which was raised by farmers from the suburbs of New York. Its live weight was 1200 kg with a body length of 2.5 m. The Chinese also decided to participate in competitions for the title of the largest wild boar in the world. They managed to raise the Chun-Chun pig, he had a good appetite and a body weight of 900 kg, with a body length of 2.5 m. One of the record holders also lived in England, his name was Old Slot, he belonged to the Gloucester pig, whose weight could not no one in the world has yet been beaten. The owner of this pig was Joseph Lawton, the pig had a body length of 3 m and weighed more than 6 tons.
The largest breeds of domestic pigs
Representatives of domestic pig breeds are also distinguished by their large body weights. Let's look at some of them. TO large breeds Those with a large body weight include: Landrace, Duroc and large white pigs. When putting them to fattening and following the standards of maintenance and feeding, good results can be achieved. It should be taken into account that all livestock, under the same conditions, gain approximately the same live weight, corresponding to their natural qualities.
Large white breed
Selection work lasted for quite a long time in England; it was based on the largest breeds of pigs that were known at that time. Scientists selected the largest piglets for further reproduction, thereby gradually forming a livestock with a good productivity indicator. After which the large white was used to improve the productive qualities of other breeds. The large white, in various varieties, is found in many countries around the world. An adult boar has a live weight of 330-350 kg; at 6 months, young boars reach a weight of 100 kg.
Also have outstanding body weight, having originated from large white pigs using native Danish pigs that were adapted to harsh climatic conditions. An adult Landrace animal has a body length of about 2 meters, a live weight of 290-300 kg, young animals have a daily weight gain of 800 g.
>> Animal husbandry of the world
§ 3. Animal husbandry of the world
Beef cattle breeding concentrated mainly in countries with an arid climate, well provided with natural pastures: western USA, Mexico, eastern Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Kazakhstan, Australia.
World cattle population in 2004 there were more than 1.4 billion heads. The world's largest countries by cattle population are:
- India (more than 220 million heads);
- Brazil (about 180 million heads);
- China (more than 100 million heads).
The USA, Argentina, Russia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Australia and Colombia also have large numbers of cattle.
World pig population is about 1 billion heads. The leading countries in terms of pig population are:
- China (about 470 million heads);
- USA (about 60 million heads);
- Brazil (30 million heads).
Pig farming also developed in Germany, Russia, Spain, Poland, Vietnam, India and France.
Pig farming gravitates towards areas of grain farming and potato growing, as well as to suburban areas. Due to religious prohibitions, pig farming is practically absent in Islamic countries and Israel.
General number of sheep in the world at the beginning of the 21st century there are more than 1 billion heads. The largest countries by sheep population are:
- China (more than 130 million heads);
- Australia (more than 120 million heads);
- India (about 60 million heads),
as well as Iran, New Zealand, Great Britain, Turkey, Pakistan, South Africa and Sudan.
Despite the fact that China has surpassed Australia in the number of sheep and in the cost of production of sheep products (lamb and wool), Australia confidently maintains its leading position in the world. Sheep farming is oriented primarily towards mountainous and dry pastures of steppes and semi-deserts.
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A country |
Cattle population |
A country |
Pig population |
A country |
Sheep population |
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2. Brazil |
2. Australia |
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3. Brazil |
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4. Germany |
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5. Argentina |
5. Spain |
5. New Zealand |
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6. UK |
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7. Ethiopia |
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8. Australia |
8. Vietnam |
8. Pakistan |
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9. Mexico |
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10. Colombia |
10. Mexico |
15,5Material from the site |
More and more higher value in the world acquires poultry farming. The largest poultry populations and large-scale poultry production are in China, the USA, Brazil, India, Japan, Russia, Mexico and European countries.
Almost 75% of meat and 85% of milk are produced by economically developed countries.
About 250 million tons are produced annually in the world meat. About 40% of the meat produced is pork, about a third is beef, 20% is poultry, and only 8% is other types of meat (lamb, goat meat, venison, horse meat, etc.). The largest producers meat in 2002 were:
- China (about 70 million tons);
- USA (more than 35 million tons);
- Brazil (more than 12 million tons).
Countries are also highlighted Western Europe(especially France and Germany), India, Russia, Canada and New Zealand.
Interestingly, the USA, Germany, France and Brazil specialize in the production beef, China and small countries of Western Europe - pork, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Argentina and Uruguay - lamb, USA, France and Brazil - poultry meat.
On this page there is material on the following topics:
On the contour map of the country, the leaders in the number of cattle, pigs and sheep
Questions about this material:
Livestock farming is the second major industry in the world Agriculture, comparable in importance to crop production, and in many countries and regions surpassing it. In the structure of this industry, it is customary to distinguish several sub-sectors: cattle breeding (cattle breeding), pigs, sheep, goats, buffaloes, horses, camels, deer, yaks, donkeys, mules, as well as poultry farming, beekeeping and sericulture.
Rice. 97. World livestock population
Table 132
POPULATION OF MAIN LIVESTOCK SPECIES IN THE WORLD AND IN ITS LARGE REGIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY.
* Without CIS countries.
The main quantitative indicator by which the development of livestock farming and its sub-sectors is usually judged is the number of livestock. The total world population of all types of livestock now reaches 4.5 billion, i.e., on average, there are one and a half heads of livestock per two inhabitants of the Earth. An idea of how this population is distributed among the three main types of livestock is given in Figure 97. The size of the population of other types of livestock is as follows: goats - 800 million, buffalo - 170 million, horses - 65 million, donkeys - 45 million, camels - 20 million and mules – 15 million heads. World population poultry an order of magnitude more: it amounts to 14–15 billion. The above indicators are quite stable, and if they change, they do not change so quickly. Nevertheless, there is still a gradual reduction in the number of draft draft animals (horses, buffaloes, donkeys, mules, camels). This is explained by the mechanization of agriculture, which swept many developing countries during the era of the “green revolution”. At the same time, poultry farming is growing quite rapidly, and to a lesser extent, pig farming.
Statistics show that the distribution of livestock between developed and developing countries is with a significant preponderance of developing countries. The same conclusion can be reached when analyzing data for large regions of the world. (Table 132).
Table 133
TOP TEN COUNTRIES BY CATTLE POPULATION SIZE IN 2005
* Without buffaloes – 222 million.
From the data in Table 132 it follows that foreign Asia has the largest number of cattle, sheep and goats, and pigs (buffaloes, donkeys and mules can also be added to this list). This region is followed by Latin America and Africa in terms of overall livestock size, while the regions of foreign Europe, North America, Australia and the CIS do not occupy first place for any of the livestock types included in the table.
Approximately the same picture emerges when familiarizing yourself with the distribution of the main types of livestock in leading countries. This is evidenced by the data in Table 133 and Figure 98.
From the data presented in Table 133, it follows that the top ten countries in terms of cattle population include eight developing countries, which also generally occupy leading positions in it. And Figure 98 shows that although there are only eight developing countries in the top 20 countries by pig population size, China alone accounts for half of the world's total pig population. Of the 20 main sheep-breeding countries, 13 are developing. In the world poultry population, the first place also belongs to China (more than 5 billion heads), the third and fourth are Brazil and Indonesia (1.2 billion each), while the United States is in second place, and the fifth - India. These five countries contain more than half of the world's poultry population.
But it's all pure quantitative indicators, which are important and interesting, but do not reflect the efficiency, marketability, profitability of livestock farming, methods of its management, connections with crop production and many other important criteria. If we take into account these quality criteria, then the relationship between developed and developing countries will be completely different.
Economically developed countries In the West, livestock farming prevails over agriculture in terms of production value, and often quite significantly. In addition, agriculture itself is largely oriented towards the needs of livestock farming, or, as they say, works for it. This is reflected in the fact that it is agriculture that supplies feed grain crops (corn, barley, oats), grasses (alfalfa, clover), and root crops (fodder beets, potatoes) for livestock farming. Suffice it to say that in the USA approximately 1/2 of all agricultural land, and in Western Europe even 4/5 of it is associated with livestock farming. It is also impossible not to mention the high level of mechanization, electrification, and recently also electronicization and automation of many livestock processes. This is why livestock farming in Western countries, even with a more or less stable population, provides a significant increase in production, fully meeting their own needs and opening up opportunities for export.
Rice. 98, a. World pig population, million heads
Rice. 98, b. World sheep population, million heads
Of course, differences in natural conditions and labor skills of the population lead to the fact that livestock farming in developed countries has different directions.
This is most clearly seen in the example of cattle breeding. Cattle breeding can have a dairy specialization, in which the share of milk in livestock products exceeds 70%, which is especially typical for the northwestern part of Europe and the Lake District of the USA. It may have a mixed dairy and meat specialization, the distribution area of which is even wider. Both of these specializations are different high level intensity: for example, the average annual milk yield in Western European countries is 5000–7000 kg, and in the USA - even 3500 kg. This applies to an even greater extent to poultry and pig farming, which are especially concentrated in suburban areas. In the USA, poultry farming is almost entirely carried out, and in Western Europe it is almost entirely carried out using industrial methods; This applies to both the fattening of broiler chickens and the production of eggs.
But in developed countries there are also very highly commercial livestock sectors that are conducted not by intensive, but by extensive methods. This is primarily typical for countries specializing in beef cattle breeding, such as the USA, Australia, South Africa, where beef cattle are raised on vast natural pastures with very low labor intensity. This type of farming, found primarily in dry areas, is called cattle breeding on the ranch. Such ranches sometimes cover tens of thousands of hectares; however, then the young animals raised on them are sent for fattening to other grain-producing regions. Sheep farming is carried out almost everywhere using extensive methods.
In contrast, in developing countries, livestock production mostly plays a secondary role and, moreover, has little connection with agriculture. It is carried out extensively, produces (except for plantations) a small yield of marketable products, and in its structure the main place is occupied by low-breed and draft cattle. A significant role in these countries is still played by the most extensive nomadic and semi-nomadic livestock farming, focusing on the use of scarce natural feed resources and the most unpretentious types of livestock (camels, sheep, goats). However, extensive sheep farming is also typical for a number of developed countries, for example Australia. Of the individual areas of sheep breeding, the most widely represented in the world are fine-fleece, which develops in semi-desert and steppe areas (1/4 of the world's sheep population), and semi-fine-fleece meat-wool in areas with better moisture and a milder climate (also about 1/4 of the world's population). The rest of the sheep population comes from coarse-wool, meat-fat and Karakul sheep breeding.
Along with this, in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America there is a relatively small group of countries for which livestock farming has become the main branch of agricultural specialization. Examples of such countries include Chad, Mauritania, Ethiopia, Botswana, Namibia in Africa, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina in South America, Mongolia, Afghanistan in Asia. Digital indicators, especially showers, related to these countries sometimes turn out to be downright record-breaking. In Uruguay, for example, there are an average of 3,200 heads of cattle per 1,000 inhabitants, and in Botswana, Namibia, Paraguay and Argentina - 1,700 heads. Uruguay also stands out in terms of sheep population per 1,000 inhabitants (8,200), second only to New Zealand (14,800!). In Mongolia this figure is 6200, in Mauritania - 2200, in Namibia - 1800. But in terms of the number of pigs per 1000 people, after the world record holder - Denmark (2100) are the small island states of Oceania - Tonga, Tuvalu, Western Samoa (1000-1500 ).
Rice. 99. Main livestock production areas
In the most general form, with a division into only two main types, the distribution of world livestock farming is shown in Figure 99. M. B. Wolf and Yu. D. Dmitrevsky in their book on world agriculture identified four types of livestock-raising areas, which, according to the degree of intensity of livestock farming can be distributed as follows.
TO first type These include areas with a high density of both population and livestock (100–200 heads or more per 100 hectares of agricultural land), with high livestock productivity and its specialization in intensive sub-sectors: dairy farming, pig farming, poultry farming. In foreign Europe, the first type area covers Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Switzerland, and some other countries, in North America– Northeast USA. Livestock farming in them will provide 60–80% of all commercial agricultural products.
Co. second type These include areas with an average level of agricultural intensity and productivity. The average (30–60 head) density of livestock also corresponds to it. Examples of this kind include Southern and Eastern Europe, the southern and central states of the United States, and some areas in Latin America.
TO third type These include areas with low density of both population and livestock (5-10 heads), with a predominance of the least intensive sub-sectors and areas of livestock farming, extensive livestock keeping on vast natural pastures and relatively low productivity. Examples of this kind include: most of Australia, Patagonia in Argentina, Angola, some countries of Western and North Africa (Mauritania, Chad, Algeria). As a rule, livestock farming in them sharply prevails over crop farming and serves as the main branch of the economy.
Finally, to fourth type These include areas with high population density, including rural population, with high livestock density (60-200 head), but with low productivity and the predominance of low-intensity sub-sectors and areas in livestock farming. In general, livestock farming plays a subordinate role in these areas and produces small marketable products. Examples of this kind include India, Sri Lanka, and the countries of Southeast Asia. In developing countries, pockets of low-productive livestock farming are most often geographically separated from consumer and commercial crop production.
Russia, as part of the USSR, had a fairly developed livestock industry. In the mid-1980s. the number of cattle was 60 million heads, pigs – about 40, sheep and goats – almost 65 million heads. However, in the 1990s. primarily due to a lack of feed, the livestock decreased several times - respectively to 28.5 million heads, 17.5 million and 15.5 million heads in 1998. The relatively low productivity of livestock farming is indicated, for example, by the fact that the average annual milk yield per cow is 3000 kg. Nevertheless, livestock farming continues to be an important sector of the country's economy. In terms of production volume (in value terms), it is almost as good as crop production. The basis of livestock farming in Russia is the breeding of cattle - dairy cattle in the northern and central regions of the European part of the country, dairy and meat cattle in most of its territory, and meat and dairy cattle in the steppe zone. In the second half of the 1990s. have begun to take measures to boost livestock farming, but their implementation will require considerable time.
Livestock farming is a branch of agriculture specializing in the breeding of domestic animals. The main purpose of the industry is the production of food products: meat, milk, eggs, animal fats, etc. Livestock farming provides raw materials (wool, hides) to certain industries. It satisfies the needs of society for horse-drawn transport, draft animals and sport animal husbandry. The main branches of the world livestock industry are: cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding and poultry farming, as well as horse breeding, camel breeding, deer breeding, sericulture and beekeeping.
In developed countries, livestock farming is the most important highly commercial sector of agriculture, closely related to crop production. More than 80% of the grain is used to feed livestock, while in developing countries it is less than 40%. Livestock production per capita is one of the significant indicators of the country's economy. In developed countries, more than 115 kg of milk and more than 85 kg of meat are produced per capita. In developing countries, these figures do not exceed 55 and 36 kg. Most livestock are kept on pastures. Pasture farming has both a consumer and commercial nature.
The largest countries by cattle population are shown in table. 5.14. Over the past decades, the population has increased in Brazil, China, Sudan, Argentina and Mexico and decreased slightly in India, the USA, Australia, and Russia.
Table 5.14
Countries by number of cattle, pigs, sheep (million heads)
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Cattle population, 2015 |
Pig population, 2015 |
Sheep population, 2013 |
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Brazil |
Australia |
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Zealand |
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Brazil |
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Great Britain |
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Argentina |
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Australia |
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New Zealand |
There are areas of dairy, meat and meat-dairy (or milk-meat) cattle breeding, which is associated with the feed supply. Cattle dairy direction bred in areas where there is a succulent food supply (pastures and hayfields in the steppe, forest-steppe and forest zones). Beef cattle are raised on roughage from deserts and dry steppes.
Asia leads in terms of livestock numbers, with one third of the world's livestock. More than 20% of the population is concentrated in Latin America. Large cattle provides more than 30% of world meat production and the bulk of milk. Commercial beef cattle breeding is developed in Latin America (Brazil, Argentina), in certain areas of the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and China. Dairy farming confined to the forest zone of the temperate zone of Western and of Eastern Europe and North America.
The largest countries by pig population are shown in table. 5.14. Of the world's nearly one billion livestock, more than 50% are in China, and the United States is more than 6%. Over the past decades, China and Brazil have significantly increased their pig populations. Pig farming is characterized by high productivity with short terms obtaining products and undemanding to feed and natural conditions. The industry is highly concentrated in densely populated areas, around large cities and in countries with intensive potato and beet production.
The largest number of sheep is in China (see Table 5.14). Low-productivity sheep farming is practiced in developing countries. The world is dominated by extensive transhumance-pasture, or nomadic or semi-nomadic sheep breeding, developed in natural areas steppes, deserts and semi-deserts, as well as in mountainous regions. The main product of sheep farming is wool. There are fine-fleece, semi-fine-wool, semi-coarse-wool and coarse-wool sheep breeding. Fine and semi-fine wool sheep provide high-quality wool for the production of fabrics and furs. Fine-wool sheep are bred mainly in temperate latitudes, steppes or deserts. The population of semi-fine-wool sheep is confined to areas with a milder and more humid climate and developed intensive agriculture. Semi-coarse-wool and coarse-wool sheep breeding developed in the tropical deserts of African and Asian countries. Goats are bred mainly in Asia and Africa. China and India have the largest goat populations.
Poultry farming is ubiquitous. In economically developed countries, poultry farming is the most industrialized branch of livestock farming with stage-by-stage specialization (egg production, incubators, chicken rearing, poultry meat processing). Highlight meat direction(mainly US and EU) and egg production (everywhere). China has the largest poultry population.
Developed countries lead in meat production, but developing countries are rapidly increasing their share. In global meat production, pork accounts for about 40%, poultry comes in second place - 29.3%, followed by beef - 25.0%, lamb - 5%. In recent decades, meat production has grown particularly rapidly in China, with the United States and Brazil occupying second and third places. Brazil and the USA are the largest meat exporters in the world. The United States leads in per capita meat consumption (120.2 kg per year per person). Next come Kuwait and Australia. New Zealand and Denmark have lost primacy in recent decades.
Cow's milk makes up 83%, buffalo - 13% of the 100% of global production, where India leads, producing more than 146 million tons of this product in 2014, including buffalo milk. This is followed by the USA, China, Brazil, Germany, Russia, France, New Zealand, Great Britain and Pakistan. IN last years Milk production grew particularly rapidly in India, China and Brazil. New Zealand produced 4,420 kg of milk per capita in 2014, which is 11 times more than Australia, which ranks second in the world by this indicator.
The maximum average milk yield per cow is typical for Israel and is about 12,000 l/year. This is significantly higher than in the Netherlands and the USA. Many Western European countries have high milk yields. In Russia in recent years they have amounted to just under 7,000 l/year. Developing countries have rather low average milk yields. New Zealand, Australia, USA, Argentina and Belarus export milk powder.
Production butter in developed countries has been falling in recent years. There is a rapid growth in the production of this product in India, which ranks first in the world. New Zealand is the leader in butter production per capita - more than 114 kg/year. Cheese production in the world is growing. 70% of cheeses are produced in Europe (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy) and the USA. The main increase in cheese volume comes from these regions.
The largest wool producers - Australia (253 thousand tons), China (158 thousand tons), New Zealand (134 thousand tons) - ranked in 2011.
more than 50% of the world's total wool production. There is large wool production in South Africa, Great Britain, Argentina and Uruguay. Almost 70% of all global wool exports come from Australia.
