Digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is a requirement of the new time. Overview of digital technologies for agriculture Digital agriculture

Next year in Russia it is planned to launch the program "Digitalization Agriculture". It is now being developed in the Ministry of Agriculture, Izvestia was told in the ministry. In particular, it is planned to create systems for recording agricultural land and tracking all products produced in the agro-industrial complex. Farmers are promised reimbursement of part of the purchase costs software and technology. Experts say that the implementation digital technologies will increase the productivity of agricultural production and attract young people to agribusiness.

One of the goals of the “Digitalization of Agriculture” program is the creation of a unified information system for accounting agricultural land, Izvestia was told in the Ministry of Agriculture. It will allow you to trace which areas are actually grown crops, and how many hectares are in desolation. Vice President of the Association farms and agricultural cooperatives of Russia Olga Bashmachnikova noted that information on abandoned agricultural land varies from agency to agency: according to the Ministry of Agriculture, 40 million hectares are considered ownerless, and according to Rosstat, about 50 million hectares of land are now abandoned.

It is planned that with the help of space satellites it will be possible to track whether any enterprise is working on a land plot with a fixed cadastral number or not, Dmitry Rylko, general director of the Institute for Agricultural Market Studies, explained to Izvestia.

Igor Kozubenko, director of the Informatization Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, explained to Izvestia that measures would be developed to support farmers in terms of compensating for the costs of purchasing software and computer equipment. The Ministry of Agriculture did not name the amount that will need to be allocated for the implementation of the program.

Meanwhile, it also involves the introduction of robots that will collect soil samples. Such studies allow you to accurately determine how much fertilizer needs to be applied and on which land plots - this will reduce the costs of agricultural producers and increase crop yields. One robot per season can explore 100-150 thousand hectares of land, which was proved in the course of experiments, the CEO explained to Izvestia scientific and technical center"Roboprobe" Vladimir Eliseev. He said that after collecting samples, the technician sends them for research. An electronic soil map is then created using a computer, showing how much fertilizer needs to be applied and in which areas.

In order to compile such a map for the whole of Russia, about 800 robots are needed, each will cost about 2.5 million rubles, according to the Roboprob center. Releasing all the robots into the fields at the same time is too expensive, so the study will stretch over several years. Vladimir Eliseev believes that the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture will increase the yield of products, as well as attract young personnel to the agricultural complex who will be interested in working with robotic equipment.

As part of the digitalization of agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture intends to create a system for tracking products produced in the agro-industrial complex. It will allow you to track the movement of products from the field to the counter - substandard products will not be allowed to the stores. The ministry is also confident that the system will allow developing the export of products, because foreign buyers will be confident in their quality. Rosselkhoznadzor told Izvestia that its development is still under discussion.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, now in Russia only 10% of arable land is processed using digital systems. And non-use of new methods leads to a loss of up to 40% of the crop. The market of information and computer technologies in agriculture is about 360 billion rubles. According to the forecasts of the Department of Informatization of the Ministry, by 2026 it should grow at least five times. This can also happen through the support of agricultural start-ups.

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On November 27, within the framework of the V International Agro-Industrial Dairy Forum, the session "Digital Agenda of the Dairy Industry" was held. It was attended by the Director of the Department of Digital Development and Public Administration information resources AIC of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia Irina Ganieva, who presented the departmental project "Digital Agriculture".

Its goal is to provide a technological breakthrough in the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture. It is assumed that this will increase labor productivity at agricultural enterprises by 2 times by 2021.

One of the stages of the project implementation will be the creation of an intelligent system of measures state support. Integration with the databases of Roshydromet and the Ministry of Emergency Situations will make it possible to adjust subsidies during the introduction of emergency situations in the regions. It is planned that by 2021 100% of contracts with recipients of state support will be concluded in in electronic format. By the same date, all agricultural products for export will be accompanied by a paperless system “from field to port”.

Also, by 2021, it is planned to introduce intelligent sectoral planning in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the principle of growing the most profitable crops, taking into account the transport distance to the place of processing or consumption. The project also involves the creation of the first in Russia sectoral electronic educational system "Land of Knowledge". In 2019-2021, 55,000 specialists of domestic agricultural enterprises will be trained in the competencies of the digital economy.

The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has developed a roadmap for the implementation of the Digital Agriculture project until 2021 with a detailed indication of the tools and deadlines for the implementation of activities.

Digitization is an obvious trend recent years, experts talk about modern technologies, for example, in, and. Judging by the results of the expanded meeting of the Scientific and Expert Council of the State Duma Committee on Agrarian Issues, which took place this week in the lower house of parliament, the “figure” has also reached agriculture.

According to the Secretary of State - Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Ivan Lebedev, The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has developed a departmental project "Digital Agriculture", which is planned to be fully implemented in the period from 2019 to 2024. The project budget will be 304 billion rubles, with half of these funds planned to be received from the state as an additional subsidy, and the other 152 billion rubles is expected to come from extrabudgetary sources, namely from agribusiness and IT business.

From information technologies in agriculture, they are waiting for a large-scale transformation of the agricultural sector as a whole, reducing production costs in this area, increasing investment, automating decision-making and minimizing human intervention in production processes, as well as increasing the number of jobs and developing exports. Moreover, by 2024, according to the ministry, all agricultural products for export will be accompanied by a paperless tracking system "from field to port." And within the country, the control system will operate "from the field to the counter."

The project involves work in several directions. Thus, it is planned to widely apply information bases data for monitoring the state and development of objects agro-industrial complex. Already today, as specified in the recommendations for the meeting (available to GARANT.RU), a unified Information system agricultural land (EFIS ZSN), which is filled with information, including the location, condition and actual use of each land plot by regions. It is assumed that the system will be integrated with the databases of Rosreestr and Roskosmos, and by 2021 this will allow the introduction of intelligent sectoral planning in 85 subjects of the Federation, the so-called "effective hectare". That is, the most profitable crops will be grown in the regions, taking into account soil and climatic features, as well as transport infrastructure.

It is also planned to create an intelligent system of state support measures and Personal Area subsidy recipient. Then farmers will be able to pass electronic identification in the ESIA and in the Unified Biometric System, and by 2021, as expected, only smart contracts will be concluded between the state and recipients of subsidies.

And for agribusiness, they are going to develop digital products, and with the large-scale involvement of domestic IT solutions. Among such products: "smart farm", "smart field", "smart herd", "smart greenhouse", "smart processing", "smart warehouse", "smart agro-office". That is, a full innovative and integrated scientific and technical cycle will be applied in these areas.

In addition, experts, in particular, the Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Agrarian Issues Vladimir Kashin, spoke about individual technological solutions in the field of digitalization of agriculture. Among them: "drones" for soil analysis, monitoring, quality assessment and crop spraying; sensors for assessing the condition of plants; geopositioning for the accuracy of field work due to satellite navigation. Representatives of the State Duma also do not exclude that robots will be able to monitor the health of cows and the quality of milk.

It is assumed that the conditions for the formation new system already formed thanks to the advent of big data analytics, cloud technologies, cheap sensors, broadband mobile communications, as well as in connection with the development artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, the spread of service robotics. However, for now, the deputies admit, the digitalization of agriculture is at an early stage.

Among the problems that currently impede development, experts indicate:

• lack of scientific and practical knowledge of modern agricultural technologies and methodology among specialized specialists;
• lack of financial opportunities for farmers to purchase new technology, equipment and platforms;
• digital inequality, which is expressed in the absence in small numbers settlements access to mobile communications and the Internet;
• the foreign origin of most of the resources used in Russia for communication and organization of digital services.

Finally, the experts came to the usual conclusion in the field of digitalization that the introduction of technologies is only a tool, and key factor development is quality management and human resources. Thus, the First Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the Federation Council on Agrarian and Food Policy and Environmental Management Sergey Lisovsky urged the authorities not to idealize the "number".

However, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture sees its goal in transforming agriculture through the introduction of digital technologies and platform solutions. This task, we recall, is contained in the new "May" decree of the President of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 ""). Ultimately, productivity in digital farms is expected to double by 2024.

The concept of the digital economy

Remark 1

For modern society digital economy is a relatively new phenomenon. In a general sense, it is understood to mean economic activity based on digital technologies.

At the government level, the digital economy is defined as economic activity, in which digital data is a key factor in production. It is based on the processing of large volumes of digitized data, the results of the analysis of which make it possible to increase the efficiency of production activities, improve technological solutions and equipment, develop systems for storage, sale, delivery finished products end users.

The digital economy has many benefits. At the same time, it is subject to a large number of risks. The main advantages and disadvantages of the digital economy are presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Benefits and risks of the digital economy. Author24 - online exchange of student papers

Be that as it may, it is the development of the digital economy that is the future. The opportunities that it opens outweigh all possible risks. Today, the digital economy penetrates into all spheres of society and all sectors of the economy. Agriculture is no exception.

Agriculture and its composition

Agriculture is a whole set of branches of the national economy that provide the state and its population with food. The sectoral composition of agriculture is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Branches of agriculture. Author24 - online exchange of student papers

Despite the fact that the agricultural sector of the economy includes many industries, the main ones are crop production and animal husbandry. Crop production is based on the cultivation of land and the cultivation of agricultural crops (cereals, vegetables, fruits, etc.). The basis of animal husbandry is the breeding of farm animals, it is usually divided into two types - meat and meat and dairy animal husbandry.

Agriculture plays a huge role in the country's economy. It not only provides the state and its population with food, but also forms agricultural raw materials for manufacturing industries, primarily light and food industries. The level of its development predetermines the economic security of the country.

Agriculture is currently facing many challenges. The main ones are:

• the problem of depletion of land resources;
• high dependence on natural and climatic factors;
• seasonality of production;
• decline in overproduction of food, etc.

Remark 2

Given the role that agriculture plays in the national economy, its development is one of the priority tasks of the state. The country's government actively supports the agrarian sector of the economy.

Informatization of branches of agriculture

Modern stage community development characterized by high-speed technological progress. Over the past 30 years, computers, and with them information technology, have firmly entered the life of society, including production and non-production sectors of the economy. Agriculture was no exception.

Today, the acceleration of informatization is the basis for ensuring the sustainability of future development. Innovation is at the heart of progressive economic growth.

As mentioned earlier, agriculture, as one of the fundamental sectors of the national economy of many states, faces many difficulties and problems. To solve them, you need:

• reducing the pressure of the technogenic environment on the agricultural sector;
• improvement of used technologies;
• human capital growth
• increasing the security of feed products in the process of their production.

It is digital agriculture that makes it possible to increase the efficiency of agriculture. Modern information technologies are firmly woven into the agricultural culture, ranging from crop planning, irrigation automation and digital crop modeling to the calculation of feed for feeding cattle.

Example 1

Italian vineyards are actively using a remote monitoring system for organic vineyards, created worldwide famous company Ericsson. Through the use of wireless sensors, farmers have been able to significantly reduce the amount of pesticides they use.

Thanks to the development and implementation of modern information technologies in agriculture, not only its productivity increases, but also costs, both financial and labor, are reduced. As a result, product quality increases and profits increase.

"Smart" agriculture

In order to cope with existing and future threats to biological and food security, society needs a new type of agrarian economy based on the use of modern information technologies, consistent with the principles of sustainable development and the model of a waste-free (circular) economy.

The modernization of the agricultural sector is based on the transition to “smart” agriculture.

"Smart" agriculture is agriculture based on integrated automation and robotization of production, use automated systems decision making, modern technologies modeling and designing ecosystems.

The intellectualization of the agricultural sector allows, on the one hand, to reduce the amount of excessive use of external resources (agrochemicals, inorganic fertilizers, fuel, etc.), and on the other hand, to maximize the use of production factors local nature (organic fertilizer, biofuels, renewable energy sources, etc.).

The use of modern technologies of "intellectualization" of agriculture allows:

• preservation and restoration useful properties groundwater and soil;
• provide environmentally sound and effective pest control;
• remotely monitor compliance with the certification requirements of organic agriculture.

As a result, the capabilities of the agricultural sector, including production, are expanding, and the efficiency of using the resources of agricultural sectors is increasing.