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Download the presentation about the heroes of the fatherland RT. Presentation for primary school for the holiday Day of Heroes of the Fatherland

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Hero of Russia is a title awarded for services to the state and people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat.

In 2007, on the initiative of the country's President Vladimir Putin, a change was made to the federal law of the Russian Federation “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia”; December 9 was established as the Day of Remembrance of Heroes of the Fatherland.

Heroes are honored in Russia on December 9 Soviet Union, Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George the Victorious and holders of three degrees of the Order of Glory. Until 1914, the Feast of the Knights of St. George was celebrated on this day in Russia. Since the beginning of the First World War, it has been called Heroes' Day.

In the history of our Fatherland, the date December 9 had special significance. According to legend, it was on this day that Saint George the Victorious, revered in Rus' as the patron saint of the Russian army, defeated the serpent. In 1036, Yaroslav the Wise, in honor of the final victory over the Pechenegs, ordered to honor this saint.

In 1769, Catherine the Second established the military Order of St. George, which became the highest military award of the empire. The order had four degrees, any of which gave the rights of a hereditary nobleman. Since 1849, the names of his gentlemen were written on marble plaques in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin. Throughout pre-revolutionary history, 25 people were awarded the insignia of the 1st degree, 125 people were awarded the 2nd degree, and 650 were awarded the 3rd degree. The insignia of the order is a golden cross covered with white enamel. A gold four-rayed diamond-shaped star. A yellow-black ribbon.

In 1917, all orders of Tsarist Russia were abolished, and the holiday was forgotten. There were new awards that were awarded to heroes Soviet history. In the Soviet Union, in April 1934, the Title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established. And the first Heroes were the seven pilots who saved the crew of the icebreaker Chelyuskin from an ice floe in the Chukchi Sea.

The last Hero of the USSR was a military aquanaut, Captain 3rd Rank Anatoly Solodkov, who in 1991 made a record dive to a depth of 120 meters. In total, over 13 thousand people were awarded this high title.

On November 8, 1943, the Order of Glory was established in the USSR. It was intended to reward privates and sergeants. The first holder of the order, 3rd degree, was sapper Vasily Malyshev. Until 1945, 980 thousand people became holders of the order of the 3rd degree, 46 thousand - 2nd degree, and 2 thousand 562 people - full holders.

In 1975, full holders of the Order of Glory received equal rights with Heroes of the Soviet Union. The Order of St. George and the insignia - the St. George's Cross were returned to the Russian Federation in 1992. Hero of the Russian Federation and a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal were established on March 20, 1992.

The first to be awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation was the head of the Lipetsk center for combat training of flight personnel, Aviation Major General Sulambek Susarkulovich Oskanov (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 384 of April 11, 1992 - awarded posthumously). While performing a flight mission on a MiG-29 aircraft on February 7, 1992, a technical failure occurred, and General Oskanov, at the cost of his life, prevented the plane from falling on a populated area. The widow of S. S. Oskanov was awarded the Gold Star medal No. 2, because they decided that Hero of Russia No. 1 should have been alive.

The Gold Star medal No. 1 was awarded to pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev for performing a long-term space flight on orbital station"World". The title of Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to him by decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the same day (April 11, 1992), but by a later decree (No. 387).

Sergei Aleksandrovich Solnechnikov Hero of the Russian Federation (2012). Russian officer, major of the signal troops, who at the cost of his life saved the soldiers subordinate to him in the explosion of a military grenade.

On March 28, 2012, during a training exercise for a conscript soldier, 19-year-old private Maxim Zhuravlev unsuccessfully threw an RGD-5 grenade from a standing position. The ammunition hit the edge of the front parapet enclosing the firing position, ricocheted and flew into the kill zone of his colleagues. The major instantly realized what had happened, pushed the confused soldier away and covered the grenade with himself. An hour and a half later, the major died on the operating table from injuries incompatible with life.

On April 2, 2012, S. A. Solnechnikov was buried with military honors at the city cemetery in the city of Volzhsky, Volgograd region. On April 2, 2012, the Duma of Blagoveshchensk decided to name one of the streets of the new quarter of the city after Sergei Solnechnikov. On April 24, 2012, a memorial stele to Major Sergei Solnechnikov was unveiled in Belogorsk. On May 7, 2012, a slab with a star was installed on the Walk of Fame in Belogorsk in memory of the Hero of Russia, Major Sergei Solnechnikov.

Major Sergei Solnechnikov accomplished his feat exactly ten years after the same feat of Hero of Russia Sergeant S. A. Burnaev. On March 28, 2002, during a special operation in the city of Argun, Chechen Republic, Sergei Burnaev covered a grenade thrown by militants with his body and died in the same way, protecting his comrades.

Andrey Alekseevich Turkin (October 21, 1975, Orsk, USSR - September 3, 2004, Beslan, North Ossetia - Alania, Russia) - officer of Directorate "B" ("Vympel") of the Center special purpose Federal service Security of the Russian Federation, lieutenant who died during the release of hostages during the terrorist attack in Beslan. Posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation (medal No. 830). Together with the Vympel group, Andrei Turkin arrived in the city of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, where on September 1, 2004, a group of 32 terrorists captured over a thousand children and adults in school building No. 1

After explosions occurred on the third day in the gym where most of the hostages were kept, causing a partial collapse of the roof and walls of the gym, the surviving people began to scatter. Andrei's assault group received orders to storm the building, as the militants opened fierce fire on the hostages. Even at the beginning of the assault, Turkin was wounded when, as part of his unit, under heavy fire from militants, he burst into the school building, but did not leave the battle.

Covering the rescue of the hostages with fire, Lieutenant Turkin personally destroyed one terrorist in the dining room, where the militants had driven many of the hostages who survived the explosions in the gym. When another bandit threw a grenade into a crowd of people, Andrei Turkin covered them with his body, at the cost own life saving the hostages.

IN Krasnodar region, in the village of Dinskaya, MBOU secondary school No. 1 bears his name. In the city of Krasnodar, on the building of the Academy of Marketing and Social Information Technologies (IMSIT), where Andrei Turkin studied, a memorial plaque was installed in memory of the hero’s feat. He was buried at the Nikolo-Arkhangelskoye cemetery in Moscow. In the Hero’s homeland in the city of Orsk, in the Heroes’ Square on the Walk of Fame, a bust of the Hero of Russia was installed. The name of the Hero of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant Andrei Turkin, was assigned to the cadet class of Orsk Cadet School No. 53.

On November 25, 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree “On awarding state awards of the Russian Federation to military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” participating in military operations in Syria.

Among them is Lipsk resident Oleg Peshkov, the deceased pilot of a Su-24 bomber shot down in Syria on November 24, 2015. For heroism, courage and bravery shown in the performance of military duty, Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Anatolyevich Peshkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation (posthumously)

1 The surviving navigator of the Russian bomber, Captain Konstantin Murakhtin, was awarded the Order of Courage. Lipchanin Konstantin Murakhtin in 2014 was a navigator in the crew of Stanislav Gasanov at the Aviadarts-2014 competition. This crew became the best in the Front-line Bomber Aviation category. Captain Murakhtin is 39 years old, lives in Lipetsk, and graduated from the Chelyabinsk Red Banner Military Aviation Institute of Navigators in 1998.

Heroes are not born, heroes become in times of trial. They write poems about exploits. They create songs about fame. “Heroes never die, Heroes live in our memory!”

Class hour for the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland

Who do we call Heroes?

A hero is a person who has committed or is committing noble deeds that involve risking his life.
“Are there heroes in Russia today?”
Heroes exist wherever there is a person - just as scum, cowards and scoundrels exist next to heroes. Two sides of the same coin.

According to Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 22 of February 28, 2007 “On Amendments to Article 1-1 Federal Law“On the days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia” an addition was made that “In the Russian Federation the following memorable dates of Russia are established:
December 9 - Day of Heroes of the Fatherland

The first award went to Catherine herself as the founder of the order, the second - to her favorite Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin, who managed to as soon as possible reorganize the Russian army.

It was extremely difficult to earn the Order of St. George in a combat situation. For example, in the first hundred years of the existence of this award, 2,239 people received the order of the fourth degree for bravery in battle, the third degree - 512, the 2nd - 100, and the first - only 20.

In the entire history of Russia, only four people became full Knights of St. George: M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, M.B. Barclay de Tolly, I.F. Paskevich and I.I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.

M.I.Kutuzov

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745 - 1813), Field Marshal General, His Serene Highness Prince of Smolensk, was the first to be awarded all degrees of the Military Order of St. George. This famous Russian commander spent his entire life, his entire military journey from ensign to field marshal general, with the Russian army. Troops under his command participated in all the wars waged by Russia at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries.

M.B. Barclay de Tolly

Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly - prince, Russian commander. Was at military service since 1776. He took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1887-1891, the war with France of 1805-1807, the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809, for military services in which he was promoted to the rank of general.

Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich

Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich- Russian commander and statesman, field marshal general. One of the four full holders of the Order of St. George. Participant in the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-1812, Patriotic War 1812

Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky

Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky-Russian commander Prussian origin, Field Marshal General. Fourth and last full cavalier Order of St. George. Participant of the Turkish War and the Polish Company.

On December 9, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory are honored.

Order of St. George

Order of Glory

Golden Star

Hero of Russia

The memorable date “Heroes of the Fatherland Day” was established State Duma Russian Federation on January 26, 2007, when Russian parliamentarians adopted the corresponding bill in the first reading. The explanatory note to the document stated the following: “we not only pay tribute to the memory of our heroic ancestors, but also honor the living Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory.” There, the authors of the bill expressed the hope that the new memorable date for Russia would contribute to “the formation in society of the ideals of selfless and selfless service to the Fatherland.”
On February 21, 2007, the initiative of the deputies was approved by the Federation Council.

In the Soviet Union, heroes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

B. Gromov

G K Zhukov

Rokossovsky

M. Jalil

In Russia the title Hero of Russia is awarded

1992 - 10 people 1993 - 55 people

1994 - 39 people 1995 - 146 people

1996 - 128 people 1997 - 49 people

1998 - 46 people 1999 - 68 people

year 2000 - 176 people year 2001 - 28 people

2002 - 31 people 2003 - 32 people

2004 - 35 people 2005 year - 23 people

2006 - 15 people 2007 - 16 people

2008 - 41 people year 2009 - 20 people

2010 - 18 people 2011 - 10 people

year 2012 - 16 people year 2013 - 7 people

year 2014 - 7 people

In Russia the title Hero of Russia is awarded

Hero of the Soviet Union

Akim Ivanovich Inozemtsev

Hero of the Soviet Union

Akim grew up as a lively and active boy, was hardworking, had a good memory, and was fond of music and drawing. Due to severe family conditions I went to school only at the age of 12, but studied well, thanks to my excellent abilities. In 1936, A. Inozemtsev graduated from the 7th grade of the Nizhne-Chulym school. From 1937 to 1938 he studied at one-year teacher training courses at the Tomsk Pedagogical College, after graduating he became a teacher at Novoshcherbakovskaya and then Ryazhskaya primary schools district.

Hero of the Soviet Union

On February 10, 1940, Akim Ivanovich was drafted into the Red Army and sent to a one-year command course. With the rank of junior lieutenant, he was sent to Transcaucasia. He took part in battles with the Nazi invaders in the Kuban, in the battle for the Don, in the liberation of Ukraine and Crimea.

Inozemtsev showed particular courage and heroism in the battles on the Crimean land. On September 25, 1943, the company of Senior Lieutenant Inozemtsev came very close to the height of “Kurgan Semibratny”. The enemy was strongly fortified: wire barriers, mines, fields, continuous lines of trenches and communication passages, bunkers, well-organized artillery and mortar fire. But after a powerful artillery barrage, weak spots appeared in its defense, which the attackers took advantage of.

Hero of the Soviet Union

Company commander A. Inozemtsev was one of the first to break into Kurgan. He was seriously wounded, but he flatly refused to be evacuated to the rear. He continued to command the unit, sending orders through messengers. At the bunker, Akim killed three Nazis with a grenade. And even after being wounded a second time, he did not leave the battlefield. Bleeding, he still found the strength to lead the fighting.

The enemy could not withstand the rapid assault and abandoned their positions and abandoned the heights. Thus, the breakthrough of the heavily fortified defensive line on the Semibratny mountain mound was completed. The division introduced fresh forces into the breakthrough, developed the offensive, and quickly moved forward.

Hero of the Soviet Union

For an unprecedented feat in this battle, senior lieutenant, commander of the 4th Infantry Company, 1161st Infantry Regiment, 351st Infantry Division, 9th Army, Akim Ivanovich Inozemtsev, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 16, 1944, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

Hero of the Soviet Union

Union Copy

Soviet

Socialist PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL Republics USSR

Hero of the Soviet Union

Comrade INOZEMTSEV

AKIM IVANOVICH

For your heroic feat demonstrated during the performance of combat missions of the command, on the front of the fight against the German invaders, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by its decree of May 16, 1944, awarded you the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Hero of the Soviet Union

In addition to these awards, Akim Ivanovich was awarded the Order of the Red Star on June 6, 1943 and by order of the commander of the 51st Army on May 18, 1944 - the Order of the Red Banner posthumously.

Hero of the Soviet Union

Akim Ivanovich Inozemtsev died on April 48, 1944, without receiving heroic awards. He was buried in the village of Verkhniy Chorgun (now the village of Chernorechenskoye), Balaklava district (within the city of the hero Sevastopol), Crimean region.

Hero of the Soviet Union

Fellow countrymen highly honor the memory of the Hero of the Soviet Union. By the decision of the executive committee of the district Council of People's Deputies of May 13, 1965, the Nizhne-Chulym secondary school was named after A.I. Inozemtsev, and Mostovaya Street in the river. Zdvinsk village was renamed Inozemtseva Street.

Hero of the Soviet Union

The name of the hero - a fellow countryman - is forever in the people's memory, the pages of S.F. Starostin's book “Return to Memory”, published in 2001 in our region, are dedicated to his unparalleled feat, N. Starostin composed a song about him:

Hero of the Soviet Union

Song about Hero A.I. Inozemtsev

During the harsh years of the Great War

Darkness thickened over the Motherland.

The people rose up to defend the country,

A Siberian went to war.

Enlisted in a rifle battalion

Chulymsky Akim Inozemtsev.

He was a school teacher before serving,

He hated the enemy with all his heart.

From the Volga to the Crimea through the roar and smoke

In harsh campaigns and battles

Fearless fighter Inozemtsev Akim

Commanded a rifle company.

A barrier has been strengthened in the village of Chorgun

Fascist unfinished gangs.

And the battalion immediately went on the attack,

Towards a hurricane of fire.

The earth roared from fiery explosions,

At least she is stronger than a person.

My dear one moaned, as if begging

Soldier on extending the century.

Hero of the Soviet Union

The attack stalled under a barrage of fire:

“What is this, dear brothers!” -

Inozemtsev cried out: “Listen to me!

Forward! For the country, for Russia!”

My Fatherland, we will stand for you

And we will not spare our lives.

It’s better to burn in the fire for freedom,

Why waste a firebrand!

Forward to the enemy! And rushed after him

Infantry like a volcanic avalanche...

Inozemtsev Akim fell, struck down,

Our company commander died heroically.

They returned victorious, defeated fascism,

The country is blossoming more and more beautifully.

But remember, comrade, those who gave their lives

For our bright happiness!

Heroes can become not only in war but also in everyday life, those who have accomplished a feat

Give examples of heroic deeds that are performed in everyday life.
What heroes and fellow countrymen do you know? What action did they do?

YOU CAN'T LEARN TO LOVE THE LIVING,

IF YOU DO NOT KNOW TO KEEP THE MEMORY OF THE FALLEN. . .

I present to you the slides for the presentation and the finished script.

"Day of Heroes of the Fatherland."

The presentation tells about the history of the holiday, about St. George, in whose honor the order is named, and about the history of the St. George ribbon. The children will also learn about the main state Soviet awards and Russian awards. Animated presentation. Contains a regional component (Heroes of Kuban). Musical accompaniment - Russian bells and O. Dubova's song "Heroes". Contains poems that can be given to children.

Enjoy your viewing and interesting class hour!!

Slides:

25-a animation

29-a (animation - picture change)

Music:

Sl. 25-27 - bells sound.

Listen or download Bell Ringing Artist for free on ProstoPlayer

Sl. 28-29. A minute of silence and the final song “Heroes” by O. Dubova sounds http://www.olga-dubova.ru/pesnirzl.php?p=heroy

Listen or download Olga Dubova heroes for free on ProstoPlayer

Presentation script:

Sl.1.

They did not seek honors and rewards, but simply fulfilled their duty to the end. There is a creative feat, a scientific feat, a sports feat, and a simple human feat, in the end. And they are also committed by people who can rightfully be called heroes. Behind one small breast star lies the story of a real feat.

Sl.2

Smolensk and Tula, Kyiv and Voronezh

We are proud of our past glory,

Where you touch our land with a staff,

There are traces of the past everywhere.

The past time gives us treasures:

Dig with a shovel and you will find it everywhere

And there is an arrow, tempered in the Horde.

Buried a lot of rusty steel in the ground

Everyone who feasted with us!

Like a monument stands on a pedestal,

So Rus' stood on the enemy’s bones.

To us, vigilant guards of ancient glory,

Calls upon our past, commanding,

So that on the rusty iron of the enemy

And henceforth there was Russian land!

Olga Berggolts

Sl.3

Our country is proud of its military exploits; the very word “patriotism” is largely connected with pride in military victories. And it is struggle that gives birth to heroes...

To the heroes of Russia, living and gone

I will dedicate my lines,

And to your exploits immortality is eternal

We are always in your debt!

From ancient times in Russia, heroes were born,

Going on a feat for the glory of the Fatherland

The history book remembers quite a few names,

That is the pride of Russia, its sons!

You pleased the Swede and the Mongol with a sword,

Driving him away from the expanses of Rus',

Peter's orders were carried out on the seas,

They sank and burned the British ships!

You skillfully struck down the Frenchman with a bayonet,

Moscow is not allowed to own it,

The history of the world will remember it for a long time,

Heroes of the battle, Borodino!

Much has been written about your courage,

Be it Przemysl, Civil War,

And you burst into the beast’s lair!

In the hungry years of military devastation,

Virgin soil fed the country,

Then you conquered the Kazakh steppes,

A galaxy of labor heroes!

You flew to the stars, in the distance of space,

You were always the first

In Afghanistan they fulfilled a duty we didn’t need

Damn this war!

In the history of New Russia,

There are no less heroes, names,

Russian women, they were born,

The feat has no names!

Level 4

On December 9, Russia celebrates the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. This memorable date was established in 2007, after Russian President Vladimir Putin amended the federal law “On Days of Military Glory and Memorial Dates in Russia” on December 24, 2007.

The current holiday embraces the real elite of Russia. After all, receiving high awards as heroes of the country or becoming knights of military orders is a great merit that not every person can relate to. Only truly selfless people, ready for direct self-sacrifice for the sake of their Fatherland, have the right to be called true patriotic heroes. There should be special attention to these people, because they are that national pride, an example of patriotism and determination that should concern each of us.

Sl.5. History of the holiday.

Heroes of the Fatherland Day is by no means an ordinary holiday. This day should make us all think about what lies at the heart of civic responsibility and true, genuine patriotism. After all, very often we simply do not know about the feats that were accomplished by these wonderful people - feats in the name of the country and in the name of each of us, and we do not realize that the real heroes live next to us - in the same city or even in the same entrance.

Heroes of the Fatherland Day is a memorable date, which is a continuation of historical traditions and a way of preserving the memory of what feats were accomplished by the heroes of our country. It is interesting that on this day before the revolution, all heroes and ordinary soldiers and senior army commanders were honored without exception. Celebrating such a memorable date as Heroes of the Fatherland Day will help not only restore historical justice, but also instill a sense of patriotism.

The Day of Heroes of Russia is celebrated in our country on December 9th annually - the decision was made by the Federal Law of 2007 “On Amendments to Article 1-1 of the Federal Law “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia”.

But this holiday has a long tradition - its history began in the 16th century. During the reign of Catherine II, on December 7, 1769, the “Military Order of St. Victorious George” was approved.

Sl.6

The brave warrior George lived in ancient times (284-305) around the 4th - 5th centuries in the Roman Empire. He was raised by his parents in the Christian faith. St. George the Victorious - one of the most revered saints in Russia - is the patron of our capital, Moscow, and the distant seaside city of Vladivostok, and the entire Russian army. For many centuries now, legends about the miracles of the saint have walked the earth. England, Canada, Georgia and Greece argue about which of them he took under his special protection, but Russian epics attribute to George the role of a Christian educator of Ancient Rus'.

Near a pagan city in Lebanon there was a swamp in which 1 dragon settled. The city residents paid tribute to him, giving him young men and women to be eaten. The turn came to the ruler of the city, who was forced to send his daughter to be devoured by the dragon. When she was awaiting her death in tears, George rode past, heading to the water to water his horse. Having learned from the girl what is about to happen, he expects the dragon. Then a duel occurs, and, according to most editions of the 4th life of the saint, he tames the dragon with prayer and the sign of the cross. Before the battle, George asks God for help, to which a voice from heaven replies: “Be brave, don’t be afraid: I’m with you.” The exhausted dragon falls at the feet of the saint, and the ruler’s daughter leads him on a leash into the city. Seeing this spectacle, all the townspeople, led by the ruler, listen to the sermon of St. George and are baptized, and George kills the snake with a sword and returns the daughter to her father.

"In the radiance of the sublime face

He stretched out his formidable right hand,

And a sharp punishing pike

Pierced by a poisonous snake!

The crusaders, who visited the places of the legendary homeland of George, spread his glory to the West. The life of Saint George penetrated into Kievan Rus along with the adoption of Christianity. Prince Vladimir gave his son Yaroslav the name George, indicating the popularity of the saint. Yaroslav the Wise was proud of his patron saint and revered him in every possible way, believing in his intercession. In Russian Orthodox Church They began to celebrate two days in honor of St. George: April 23 (as in Europe) and November 26. Moreover, November 26 was celebrated precisely as the day of the saint’s miracle, associated with the victory over the dragon, that is, as the Victorious.

Sl.7

You protect us all, our great George,

And save us until our last days.

You are the guarantor of victory for the Russian army,

And in ancient centuries, and in the current Second,

The grandfathers prayed to you before the battle,

And we felt your holy protection!

Sl.8

In folk poetry, he already acts as a defender of the Russian land from the invasion of infidels, etc. Here is how this role of George was reflected in the view of one icon painter: “You are George the Victorious... you are our hero demigod, the pioneer, cultivator and producer of all Russian earth and her physical culture, the zemstvo dispensation of the entire Russian kingdom, and its population... the promoter and the entire giver to everyone living and doing what they do in Moscow and everywhere in all of Russia.”

When war comes to Holy Rus',

And misfortunes and troubles multiply,

Saint George descends from heaven,

Carrying victory at the tip of the spear.

And every time entering into battle with enemies

We know everything you need to know:

We believe that St. George is with us.

And the Lord is with him. And we are invincible.

The image of St. George the Victorious received a special fate in Russian heraldry and the award system.

Sl.9

In general, the heraldic history of Russia has a very interesting story. But this is a topic for another presentation.

In Rus' there was already a tradition of depicting the prince on seals in the form of a horseman with a spear or a sword and a falconer. In Rus' this was the image of a prince. And only foreigners called the rider of the Russian coat of arms Saint George. This was based on iconographic similarity and the fact that, unlike Russia, in Europe it was customary to depict St. George without a halo. So, it is obvious that in pre-Petrine times the horseman of the Russian coat of arms symbolized the sovereign, and only from the 1710s they began to call him the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. From that time on, the image of St. George defeating the dragon became the coat of arms of Moscow. For the first time, the rider of the Russian coat of arms was named Saint George by Peter I in a handwritten note dated 1710s.

Back in 1036, Prince Yaroslav the Wise ordered to honor this saint in honor of the final victory over the Pechenegs.

There was a Russian-Turkish war for Russia's access to the Black Sea. The Russian army, its commanders and soldiers showed miracles of courage and heroism.

Therefore, Empress Catherine II, in order to celebrate their military merits, approved the Order of St. George - the highest award of the empire. The order had four degrees, each degree giving rights to the title of hereditary nobleman. The badge of the order was a gold cross with flared ends and blank corners, it was covered on both sides with white enamel with a gold border around the edges. In the medallion, in the middle of the cross, on a red field, the Moscow coat of arms was depicted - St. George the Victorious on a horse in silver armor, with a golden diadem, striking a black serpent with a spear. Knights were allowed to use the Order Cross in coats of arms and seals, but it was forbidden to decorate it precious stones. The Knights of St. George enjoyed annual leave for 2 months, every 2 years for 4 months, free treatment, and the benefits of reduced travel. Since 1849, the names and surnames of all St. George's knights have been immortalized by recording them on marble plaques in the St. George's Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow. Children of gentlemen were provided with benefits when receiving an education.

Level 10

Catherine bestowed the first order on herself in honor of the approval of this award. The second was in 1770 Count P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, for the victory at Cahul. And the last full holder of the Order of St. George was Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder in 1877, for the capture of the strongholds of Plevna and the capture of the army of Osman Pasha.

Sl.11

Only four commanders became full knights of the Order of St. George. These are the great Russian commanders - field marshals M.I. Kutuzov, M. Barclay-Tolly, I. Paskevich-Erivansky, I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.

Sl.12

Since 1849, the names of the Knights of St. George have been inscribed on marble plaques in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin, which currently hosts meetings of heads of different countries and ambassadors representing the peoples of the world.

The statute of the order said: “This order should never be removed, for it is acquired by merit.”

Sl. 13

In 1914, the holiday became known as Heroes Day. During the existence of the order until 1917, it was awarded to: 1st degree - 25 people; 2-degree -125 people; 3-degree - 650 people. In 1917, after the October Revolution, the holiday and the order were abolished.

Only in 2000, the highest military award - the Order of St. George - the insignia of the St. George Cross on the St. George Ribbon was returned. It took 83 years to understand that without knowledge of its roots, its history, society is dying out. And since 2007, a bill has been adopted to revive the tradition of celebrating Heroes Day. We are proud of our soldiers who showed valor and bravery on the battlefields and praise the courage and fearlessness of their feats in peacetime.

Established by Catherine

Saint George! And rightfully so

To give glory to the heroes,

This order has been revived by us!

No, times won't change

Their valor and their merits.

We are ready to give our lives, country,

We are your sons and grandsons!

But until 2008, no awards were made.

On August 13, 2008, in connection with the war in South Ossetia, the statute of the order was changed; it became possible to award it for conducting combat and other operations on the territory of other states while maintaining or restoring international peace and security (peacekeeping operations).

The first holder of the restored Order of St. George, 4th degree, was on August 18, 2008, the commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Colonel General Sergei Makarov, for the successful conduct of the operation, officially called “forcing Georgia to peace.” For the same operation, on October 1, 2008, Lieutenant Colonel of the Airborne Forces Special Forces Anatoly Lebed, who had already been awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, became the second holder of the Order of the 4th degree.

Not everyone is capable of rushing to save another person without sparing their belly. That's why they reward Peaceful time heroes with the highest orders of military glory - George.

The image of St. George on a horse is a symbol of the victory of good over any evil! This image is present in all state symbols of Russia.

Sl. 14

Along with the order, the St. George ribbon also appeared. The St. George Ribbon appeared under Catherine II along with the Order of St. George, the highest military award of the Russian Empire.

The St. George Ribbon was established by Catherine II on November 26, 1769 during the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774 to encourage loyalty, courage and prudence for the benefit of the Russian Empire, manifested in courageous actions or wise advice. The film received its name from the name of St. George the Victorious. The ribbon was supplemented with the motto: “For service and courage,” as well as a white equilateral cross or a four-pointed gold star. The ribbon was worn depending on the class of the gentleman: either in the buttonhole, or around the neck, or over the right shoulder. The ribbon came with a lifelong salary. After the death of the owner, it was inherited, but due to the commission of a shameful offense it could be confiscated from the owner. The traditional interpretation of the colors of the St. George's Ribbon states that black means smoke, orange means flame. What do black and yellow mean? In Russia, they were the imperial, state colors, corresponding to the black double-headed eagle and the yellow field of the state coat of arms. But, since the order was named in honor of St. George the Victorious, the colors of the ribbon symbolize St. George himself and indicate his martyrdom - three black stripes, and his miraculous resurrection - two orange stripes. It is these colors that are now called when designating the colors of the St. George Ribbon.

The color of the St. George's ribbon, born in the flames of the Russian-Turkish war, becomes in the minds the color of military courage.

White, gold and black -

Colors of St. George's standards.

The grenadiers were attacking under them,

The cavalry guards fought to death.

St. George regimental banners,

You have become a symbol of Russian victory

And always St. George's colors, even when changing colors national flag to more “peace-loving” ones, will remain a symbol of military valor, glory and courage.

Russian steel in Shipka and Plevna

Will wash away the tragedy of Crimea,

These colors will still appear in the crosses

Heroes of the Brusilov breakthrough!

When will the huge country rise

To fight the fascist evil spirits -

These colors will shine in the orders

Fighters of the Great Patriotic War!

Since 1917, it has not been used on any Soviet state awards until the restoration of the Order of St. George and the Cross of St. George in 1992.

.....But...Continuing the traditions of the St. George ribbon in the USSR, on June 10, 1942, the “Guards Ribbon” was established. With the start of the St. George's Ribbon campaign in 2005, in the Russian media, the Soviet “Guards Ribbon” also began to be called “St. George’s Ribbon.” Unlike the medal ribbon, it is given freely to everyone who attaches it to clothes, bags and car antennas as a sign of respect for the feat of veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The motto of such an action is “I remember, I am proud.”
Because without you I'm worthless.
Live, hero! Your spirit is in my blood!
I want to be worthy of your fate!

Sl. 15. Hero of the Soviet Union

The new state, which appeared on the world map in the place of the Russian Empire and eradicated many of its traditions, did not lose the main thing - strength. The country, tormented by the First World War and civil wars, quickly recovered and began to increase its power. And the country is the people who created this power, who were worthy of high titles and the highest of them - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In April 1934, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established

It was this award in the form of a modest five-pointed star that replaced St. George, but unlike him, it was awarded not only to heroes of military operations, but also for other “services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.”

Although fate cruelly decreed that most of the recipients of the Star of the Hero of the USSR earned it precisely in the war, and many posthumously.

The first Heroes were seven pilots who rescued the crew of the icebreaker Chelyuskin from an ice floe in the Chukchi Sea. They were: M.V. Vodopyanov, S.A. Levanevsky, A.V. Lyapidevsky, N.P. Kamanin, V.S. Molokanov, M.T. Slepnev, I.V. Doronin. The last Soviet Hero was a military aquanaut, captain 3rd rank Anatoly Solodkov, who dived to a depth of 125 meters in 1991. In total, 13 thousand people were awarded this high title. Among them, four times Hero of the Soviet Union - Marshal G.K. Zhukov, who was named Marshal of Victory. Two orders or more -126 people; Among the recipients, 91 were women.

Sl.16. Order of Glory

In 1943, during the Great Patriotic War, the Order of Glory was established. It was intended to reward privates and sergeants. Full holders of the Order of Glory were equal in rights to Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The Order of Glory is the only order of the USSR that was issued only for personal merit and was never issued to military units, enterprises, or organizations; The statute of the order provided for the promotion of gentlemen of all three degrees in rank, which was an exception for the Soviet award system. The badges of different degrees of the order differed from each other in the materials of manufacture: the badge of the third degree was made of silver, the badge of the second degree was made of silver, and the central circle with drawings and inscriptions was made of gold; The 1st degree badge is entirely made of gold. The right to award the Order of Glory III degree was granted to commanders of formations from the brigade commander and above, the Order of Glory II degree from the commander of the army (flotilla), and the I degree of the order could only be awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The awarding of the Order of Glory continued from November 1943 until the summer of 1945. During this period, 980 thousand people became holders of the III degree of the order, 46 thousand - II degree, and 1st degree, i.e. full holders of the order - 2562 people.

Sl.17 Hero of the Russian Federation, Gold Star medal

On March 20, 1992, the title of Hero of the Russian Federation and a special distinction were established - the Gold Star medal. Today, the “best sons of the Fatherland” are awarded the Star of the Hero of Russia. Those who fought in “hot spots” for courage and heroism, and “civilians” - for outstanding achievements in the exploration of outer space, new aviation technology, and special services to the state and people.

According to the Regulations approved by the Law, the title of Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded by the President of the Russian Federation for services to the state and people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat.

The Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal and a certificate of conferment of this title. “Golden Star” number 1 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 11, 1992) immortalized the feat of cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev. He is also the first holder of the highest honors of both the USSR and Russia at the same time: he became a Hero of the Soviet Union back in April 1989. The second Gold Star medal for feat in the performance of military duty was posthumously awarded to Aviation Major General Sulambek Askanov.

Many of those who, being worthy of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for front-line exploits during the Great Patriotic War, nevertheless did not become such in their time, receive the award today as heroes of Russia.

Three front-line women were the first to receive this title in 1994, two of them posthumously: intelligence officer Vera Voloshina, who was shot by the Nazis, and aviation commander Ekaterina Budanova, who shot down 10 fascist planes. Another Hero was Lydia Shulaikina, who fought in the attack aviation of the Baltic Fleet.

In total, about 100 participants of the Great Patriotic War were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

The title of Hero of the Russian Federation is currently awarded for courage and heroism to soldiers who fought in “hot spots”, as well as for outstanding achievements in the exploration of outer space, new aviation technology, and special services to the state and people.

Russia will not die, it is rich in heroes

Her broad, Slavic soul.

How the enemy doesn’t beat her, girls and guys

They will still take theirs, breathing immortality.

Sl. 18. Heroes Day in Kuban.

Unfortunately, today even the most knowledgeable people in our region do not know exactly how many Heroes of Russia Kuban gave to the country. Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory Viktor Markelov, it ranges from 40 to 50 people. In any case, this is a lot, considering that over two decades, only a thousand people across the country were awarded. By the way, almost half of them were posthumous.

Today, eleven Heroes of the Russian Federation live in our region. Most of them are pilots various categories, starting from the flight commander and ending with the division commander. Among them are Sergey Borisyuk, Andrey Volovikov, Vladimir Stepanov, Ivan Konyukhov and Viktor Markelov himself. We have heroes who received their stars as employees of the Federal Security Service. For obvious reasons, we can name only one of them, who has already retired. This is our legendary fellow countryman Evgeny Shendrik, who served in the regional special forces unit "Alpha". The youngest of our heroes is only 32 years old. This is former tanker Yuri Yakovlev, who accomplished a feat during the famous events of 2008 in South Ossetia. And the oldest Kuban Hero of Russia is Sochi resident Pavel Syutkin, who will soon turn 91 years old. He received an award for the heroism and courage he showed during the Great Patriotic War. This also happens.

Sl. 19

Ataman of the Labinsk City Cossack Society, Igor Yurenko, addressed the students with the words: “You CANNOT LEARN TO LOVE THE LIVING IF YOU DO NOT KNOW TO KEEP THE MEMORY OF THE FALLEN. Guys, please remember these words. We must know and respect the history of our Motherland Russia and Kuban, no matter how cruel it may be. This is our story and it can’t be any different.”

Sl. 20

In Krasnodar, the holiday traditionally begins with a prayer service held in the military cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky. After a joint prayer, everyone goes to the church in the name of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”, so that there, at the St. Fominsky cemetery, they honor the memory of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, the founders of the city, the atamans N.S. Zavodovsky and A.D. Bloodless. There is no more suitable place to celebrate the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland in Krasnodar - after all, it is here that the great heroes of Kuban, awarded the highest awards of the Fatherland, are buried.

In Krasnodar there is a Memorial Arch “Kuban is proud of them”, erected in the 60s of the twentieth century on the former cathedral square, where the military temple of Alexander Nevsky previously stood. The author of the memorial is Honored Architect of Russia R.F. Railov. On the marble slabs of the arch are carved the names of 289 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 44 full holders of the Order of Glory, 11 Heroes of the Russian Federation, Heroes of Socialist Labor and full holders of the Order of Labor Glory - natives of Kuban.

In the mid-90s, in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the Great Victory, an equestrian sculpture of St. George the Victorious was installed on the top of the Arch, and a bust of G.K. was installed on the granite pedestal in front of the Arch. Zhukov by sculptor Alexander Appolonov.

Sl.21

The Kuban people, like the entire people, participated in the defeat of the Nazi invaders near Moscow and Stalingrad, in the snowy Arctic and on the forest slopes of the Caucasus, at the walls of Leningrad and in the very lair of the Nazis - Berlin, they liberated the countries of Eastern Europe from the plague, and in essence the whole world.

And we have something to be proud of: 285 soldiers of the Great Patriotic War received the Golden Star, six of whom were twice awarded the high award.

The highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - was established by the Soviet government on April 16, 1934. The first heroes were the 7 pilots who participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites.

Kuban residents are rightfully proud that the Golden Star of Hero of the Soviet Union No. 1 was awarded to our fellow countryman, a native of the village. White Clay to Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky. In 1934, he removed the first batch of women and children from the ice-covered and sunken steamship Chelyuskin to the mainland on his plane. There was also a resident of the station. Erivanskaya.

St. George's Cross, 4th degree.

Cossack girl from the village of Rogovskaya. Elena Choba

Military journalists of the First World War called Elena Choba, a Cossack from the village of Rogovskaya, “Cossack-maiden”. Since childhood, Elena mastered the art of horse riding - horse riding, and participated in village competitions. In August 1914, at the age of 19, she married the Cossack Mikhail Choba, who was famous for his beautiful voice and sang in the church choir. In the first months of the war, Mikhail died. Elena cut her brown hair, sewed a Cossack uniform and turned to the village authorities with a request to send her to the front. The impulse of the young Cossack woman was supported by the ataman of the Kuban Cossack army, Mikhail Babych, and in October 1914, Elena, under the name of her deceased husband, went to the front. In 1915, Elena was awarded three medals and the St. George Cross of the 3rd and 4th degree. IN next year She was seriously wounded, and her secret was revealed in the hospital. In November 1916, with fellow soldier Fyodor Ryabchun, she returned to her native village.

Sl. 23. Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky

- Soviet pilot, major general of aviation (1946), first Hero of the Soviet Union (1934).

In 1934, A.V. Lyapidevsky took part in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites. He made 29 search flights in blizzards and bad weather before, on March 5, 1934, having discovered their camp, he landed on an ice floe and took out 12 people - 10 women and two children.

For the courage and heroism shown in saving the Chelyuskinites, Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin (No. 515) on April 20, 1934. On November 4, 1939, at the presentation of the Gold Star medals, he was awarded medal No. 1.

Sl.24. Sergey Gennadievich Taranets

Major TARANETS Sergei Gennadievich Hero of the Russian Federation

TARANETS Sergei Gennadievich was born on April 9, 1969 in the city of Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Krasnodar Territory. After graduation high school in 1986, Sergei was called up for active military service. It was in the army that he firmly decided to become an officer. In February 1999, Major S. Taranets was appointed to the position of chief of intelligence of the 752nd SME. In the fall, as part of his regiment, he leaves for the Chechen Republic to participate in the counter-terrorist operation. Here Major S. Taranets tried to fully realize his professionalism as an intelligence officer.

Sergei Taranets received a task from the command of the West group: to provide fire support to a motorized rifle company of a neighboring regiment. The infantry was met by heavy fire from militants from previously prepared positions and suffered losses. This happened near the bridge over the Martan River, in the area settlement Alkhan-Yurt.

Continuing to carry out the combat mission of ensuring the advancement of units and military columns, Sergei Taranets decided to conduct reconnaissance of minefields in the occupied territory, but our patrol came across a group of militants of 20 people trying to break out of Alkhan-Yurt towards Grozny. The oncoming battle was brutal. Two scouts were immediately wounded. The regiment's intelligence chief was closest to them at that moment. And he, without hesitation, rushed to the rescue of his subordinates, covered their retreat with fire, and gave them the opportunity to escape certain death. Things didn't turn out so bad. It was time to take off myself, but while changing positions the officer was blown up by a mine. Despite being seriously wounded and concussed, Major Taranets continued to lead the battle and organized the evacuation of the wounded. Only after the bandits were destroyed did the brave officer agree to be sent to the medical battalion. From there he was transported to the Mozdok hospital. All the efforts of doctors to save the hero were in vain. The next morning, Major Taranets died from his wounds. To breathe the air of freedom into your chest again,

A minute of silence!

Sl. 29. And I want to end the presentation with Olga Dubova’s song.

You lived, hero! Your feat was great

You left it to us in your will.