home Business blogs Higher spore plants: pteridophytes. Fern: we reproduce by spores A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae

Higher spore plants: pteridophytes. Fern: we reproduce by spores A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae

A word of 5 letters, the first letter is “S”, the second letter is “O”, the third letter is “R”, the fourth letter is “U”, the fifth letter is “S”, the word starting with the letter “S”, the last one is “S” " If you don’t know a word from a crossword or scanword, then our site will help you find the most difficult and unfamiliar words.

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Shmulberg, the owner of a nail manufacturing company, calls his son and says:
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- Izya, how did you manage to organize sales like that?
— It’s very simple: I advertised. There! Do you see an advertising poster hanging on the wall?
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After this, Shmulberg again leaves for the Bahamas. A month later, his son calls him again:
- Dad, I changed advertising, the nails are still sold out, production is working at full speed - and now I have problems with supply. So you need to come again.
Shmulberg returns to his city - and his son shows him a new advertisement - a poster on which an empty cross is depicted, and below the inscription: “I should have used Shmulberg’s nails!”

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Total found: 2, match 5 letters

sorus

a group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other - sporangia, located on the underside of the leaves of most ferns

a collection of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae

The last letter of the letter is "c"

Answer to the question "A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of leaves of ferns and some algae", 5 letters:
sorus

Alternative crossword questions for the word sorus

A group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other - sporangia, located on the underside of the leaves of most ferns

A group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other on the leaves of ferns

Pimple on a fern

Definition of the word sorus in dictionaries

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998 The meaning of the word in the dictionary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
SORUS (from the Greek soros - heap) is a group of spore-bearing organs - sporangia - that are not fused with each other, located on the underside of the leaves of most ferns.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(from the Greek sorós ≈ heap), a group of crowded reproductive organs ≈ sporangia (for example, in ferns, zoosporangia ≈ in brown algae kelp), oogonia (for example, in brown algae dictyota).

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Sorus is a group of crowded spores or organs of asexual reproduction - sporangia or gametangia on the surface of the thallus in red and brown algae, on the leaves of pteridophytes, as well as a group of fruiting bodies in lower fungi.

Examples of the use of the word sorus in literature.

Then their eyes met, and the boy, smoothing out the awkwardness, finished: “No, Sorus, I'm not a child anymore.

Kingdom: plants

Higher spore plants

Superdivision: pteridophytes

Division: ferns

Division: lycophytes

Division: horsetail

General characteristics of ferns

Originated in the Devonian. They reached their biological peak in the Carboniferous, becoming the main forest-forming group. The remains of forests formed vast deposits of coal.
The largest number of species is in the tropical zone.
They prefer humid habitats, because male gametes are mobile, and moisture is needed to move the sperm to the egg.
There are tissues and organs.
The life cycle is dominated by the diploid sporophyte.
Reproduction is sexual and asexual (sporulation).
The organs of sexual reproduction are multicellular.

Division Ferns

The department currently contains approximately 12,000 species.

Life forms: grasses, trees (Fig. 1) and vines (several tropical species). There are aquatic forms, for example, floating salvinia (Fig. 2).

Rice. 1 Fig. 2

Fern leaves - fronds- solid or complexly dissected with a well-developed conducting system. Leaf development occurs from the “snail” (Fig. 3).

Leaves can be differentiated into sterile and fertile, for example, in ostrich ferns (Fig. 6), have a sterile and fertile part (ostrich ferns, Fig. 4) or perform both functions simultaneously (most ferns, Fig. 5). The ostrich's fertile leaves do not photosynthesize.

Rice. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5

Most ferns have an underground rhizome and well-developed adventitious roots (Fig. 7).

Rice. 6 Fig. 7

The life cycle of ferns involves an alternation of haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte, with sporophyte predominance. In the life cycle, alternation of sexual and asexual reproduction occurs (Fig. 8).

During asexual reproduction, paired outgrowths are formed on the underside of the leaf - sori(Fig. 9). The sorus consists of a stalk and a veil covering the spherical sporangia from below (Fig. 10) extending from the base of the stalk. The sporangia form spore mother cells, which divide by meiosis to form haploid cells that become spores. In dry weather, the edges of the veil bend, and the sporangium shell bursts due to uneven thickening of the walls of the cells that form it.

Rice. 9 Fig. 10

From spores that fall into a moist, illuminated place, a haploid fern gametophyte develops - outgrowth- in the form of a heart-shaped plate with numerous rhizoids. On its lower side, antheridia with sperm and archegonia with eggs are formed. Just like mosses, ferns need water to fertilize. Along it, multiflagellate spermatozoa of the fern swim to the archegonia. There, the sperm fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote. A new diploid plant grows from it.

In the forests of the temperate zone, the most common species are male shieldweed, female stumpweed, and bracken.

Section lycophytes

The shoot is creeping, dichotomously branching.
Leaflets (phylloids)small, simple, with one central vein.
Reproduction is sexual and asexual (sporulation).
The life cycle is dominated by the diploid sporophyte.

A representative of the club mosses that are often found in our country is the club moss (Fig. 11).

In the life cycle of mosses, like all pteridophytes, there is an alternation of sexual and asexual reproduction (Fig. 12). At the ends of the shoots of the moss, erect spore-bearing spikelets- strobes. Spore-bearing spikelets are covered with modified scale-like leaves - sporophylls- on which sporangia are formed. In sporangia, haploid spores are formed as a result of meiosis. Ripe spores spill out, and a haploid prothallus develops from them. In many species of club mosses, the growth develops underground for several years, feeding heterotrophically, mainly due to symbiosis with the fungus. On a mature gametophyte, archegonia with eggs and antheridia with sperm are formed. After fertilization, the zygote develops into a diploid sporophyte, which feeds on the gametophyte until it reaches the surface of the earth, where it begins to photosynthesize.

Division Equisetae

An ancient group of vascular plants, currently represented by approximately 30 species.

The stems are hollow, consisting of individual segments and performing the function of photosynthesis (Fig. 13). To increase strength, bundles of sclerenchyma fibers pass under the epidermis, forming ribs on the surface of the stem. In addition, small silica crystals are deposited in the stems of horsetails, increasing their rigidity.

Under the ground, horsetail forms a dense network of rhizomes that serve for vegetative propagation and survival through winter.

In spring, spore-bearing shoots emerge from the ground. They are brown in color because they do not contain chlorophyll and live off the nutrients accumulated last year. On their sporophylls, as a result of meiosis, haploid spores are formed, which have special thread-like outgrowths that change shape depending on humidity. This allows them to leave the sporangium more easily and spread more widely. They give rise to a haploid germ. The life cycle of horsetails is similar to life cycle ferns (Fig. 14).

Total found: 3, match 5 letters

fern, the young shoots of which in Korea and Far East used for food

genus of ferns of the family Cyathaeaceae

fern or stingray

a group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other - sporangia, located on the underside of the leaves of most ferns

a collection of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae

Set of fern spores, 5 letters, 5 letter “C”, crossword puzzle

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A conjunction, a number, then a preposition - That's the whole charade. And in order for you to find the answer, you need to remember the rivers. Show answer>>

The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up - He didn’t want to sleep anymore. He moved, perked up, soared up and flew away. Show answer>>

First the shine, followed by the shine, a crackling sound, followed by a splashing sound. Show answer>>

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Not a gem, but glowing.

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— I’d like chocolate and pistachios, please.
— Sorry, but the pistachios have already run out.
- Then let's have strawberry and pistachio.
- I told you that the pistachios are already gone!
- Then just pistachios.

Scanwords, crosswords, sudoku, keywords online

A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae

The last letter of the letter is “c”

Answer to the question “A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of leaves of ferns and some algae,” 5 letters:
sorus

Alternative crossword questions for the word sorus

A group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other - sporangia, located on the underside of the leaves of most ferns

A group of spore-bearing organs that are not fused with each other on the leaves of ferns

Definition of the word sorus in dictionaries

Examples of the use of the word sorus in literature.

Then their eyes met, and the boy, smoothing out the awkwardness, finished: “No, Sorus, I'm not a child anymore.

Source: Maxim Moshkov library

crossword puzzle on the topic fern moss algae

Bracken, whose young shoots, when skillfully prepared, taste like best views mushrooms

The novel by American writer Philip Bonoski “Magic. "

A plant that blooms on the night of Ivan Kupala.

A plant that blooms, according to legend, on the night of Ivan Kupala.

Poem by V. Bryusov.
fern fern

FROND
Large fern leaf.

TREASURE
What, according to ancient Russian beliefs, can be found with the help of fern?
Treasure (cartoon) Treasure Treasure Treasure Treasure
5 letters

ORLYAK
Type of fern.
Orlyak Orlyak

SORUS
A set of closely spaced reproductive organs, sporangia, formed on the underside of the leaves of ferns and some algae.

SPORE
Fern in infancy.

Azolla
FLOWER
Drama by a Lithuanian poet of the 20th century. Ludas Geer." fern."
Flower

CYATHEA
Type of tree ferns.

ONOCLEA
A genus of fern that includes many tropical species.

ASPIDIUM
Scutellum, the generic name of ferns from the family Polypodiaceae.

ZAROSTOK
The sexual generation (gametophyte) in horsetails, mosses, ferns and selaginella.

LEAFTER

MEGAFILL
A leaf of a fern or seed plant, descended from a compacted system of branches (thalli) of ancestral groups of primitive higher plants.

ARCHEGONIUM
Reproductive organ of mosses, ferns, etc.

PROTHALLIUM
The sexual generation (gametophyte) in ferns, horsetails, mosses, and selaginella.

SPOROPHYLL
A leaf of fern-like plants on which sporangia with spores develop.

POLYPODIUM
Type of fern.
11 letters
ARCHEOPTERIS
The oldest large fern-like plant that existed from the Devonian to the Carboniferous.

SCOLOPENDRIUM
A genus of ferns in the Aspleniaceae family.

Set of fern spores letters 5

Answer to a scanword or crossword puzzle for the question: bacteria

Phage(bacteriophages), - bacterial viruses that can infect a bacterial (infected) cell, multiply in it and cause its lysis (destruction) Used in the treatment - phage therapy of infectious diseases

Pus Contains proteins, decaying white blood cells, bacteria and tissue breakdown products

Kvass Kvass acid kills pathogenic bacteria, cleanses the body, gives strength

Phages— Viruses that infect bacteria

Flu The main bacteria that cause the development of secondary infection in humans are bacteria of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influcnzae and Staphylococcus aureus, to suppress which appropriate antibiotic therapy is used

Kefir Bifidobacteria, invisible to the eye, bring quite tangible benefits to the body, regulating its numerous functions.

Cashew Japanese scientists have established through scientific experiments that the substances contained in cashews can kill bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.

Dogwood Due to the content of phytoncides, berries have a detrimental effect on typhoid, dysentery and some other bacteria

Cocci Cocci - Single-celled spherical bacteria

Leprosy(leprosy), Hansen's disease - a chronic disease caused by bacteria of the species Mycobacterium leprae; these bacteria affect the skin, mucous membranes and nerves in the human body

Lemon It destroys bacteria, is effective against viruses and fungal infections, and reduces the risk of infection

Radish Removes pathogenic microorganisms from the body: bacteria, microscopic fungi and other “protozoa”

Aerobes Obligate, or strict, Aerobes develop only in the presence of oxygen (for example, acetic acid bacteria); facultative, or conditional, aerobes - and at low concentrations (for example, yeast).

Yogurt If yogurt can be stored at room temperature for several months, then it is unlikely to contain “live bacteria”

Cactus Various spots of cacti are caused by viruses and bacteria when the conditions of maintenance are violated

Clover On small roots, root nodules are formed containing nodule bacteria, which absorb nitrogen from the air, which increases soil fertility

Cranberry If you drink antibiotics with cranberry juice, but only natural, without additives, their effect will increase! Cranberries also have a unique ability to first collect pathogenic bacteria present in the body, and then “lead” them away, just as the pied piper flutist led the rats away from Gammeln

Cucumber Bacteria - the causative agents of bacteriosis - are stored in plant debris and spread through seeds

Passage Inoculation of bacteria from one animal to another

Smegma In smegma, bacteria that are harmless to the body quickly multiply, which in their own way appearance resemble tuberculosis bacilli

Cystitis Why does cystitis occur? Inflammation of the bladder can be caused by infections and infestations (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and... even worms), stones and foreign bodies, general endocrine diseases and menopause, physical and chemical factors, cancer and even some medications

bacilli- rod-shaped bacteria that form spores

Legumes Nodule bacteria live on the roots of legumes

Bronchitis Please note that this often happens to those who suffer from chronic rather than acute bronchitis, because infectious exacerbations of this disease can be caused by both viruses and bacteria

Vacuole When leukocytes phagocytose bacteria and other foreign particles, vacuoles are formed in their cytoplasm

Microbes- the general name for microscopically small organisms, which include bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, some fungi and single-celled protozoa

Phagocyte(phagocyte) - a cell capable of absorbing bacteria, protozoa, other cells and their remains, as well as various small particles

Episoma(epi- + (chromo)some) - genetic, bacterial structure, which is a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule capable of independent existence (and reduplication) in the cytoplasm, as well as reversible inclusion in the bacterial chromosome

They are located on ordinary leaves (fronds), mainly with reverse side, in others - on special spore-bearing fronds that differ in structure. How to sow ferns?

When to sow fern spores

If the sori darken, it means the spores are ripe. Pick the Vayu and put it in paper bag. After a while, the bag will contain a dried fern leaf and a bunch of spore powder. For most ferns, it doesn't matter when you sow them. Although there are exceptions: disputes Osmund sprout only when sown freshly harvested. It’s also better not to delay sowing the rest: the germination rate, although slowly, drops, and the germination of stale spores is delayed. Fresh spores germinate in about a week or two.

Taking into account the fact that it takes up to two months for the formation of shoots, then the same amount for the development of roots, many authors advise sowing in the fall or early winter, and then by the end of winter or beginning of spring, fern seedlings will develop.