Population of South America presentation. Presentation on the topic "population of South America"

Slide 3

Indigenous people

Before the advent of Europeans, South America was inhabited by numerous Indian peoples who stood at different stages of development.

Slide 4

At a higher stage of development was the Inca tribe, which had its own state. The Incas built cities in the mountains, laid canals to irrigate fields, paved roads with stone, smelted metals from ore, sculpted dishes, figurines of people and animals from clay.

Slide 5

Colonization

• - Colony is a territory under the authority of a foreign state.
• - Colonization of South America by Europeans began in the 16th century. Spaniards, Portuguese, and later immigrants from other European countries settled on the mainland.

Slide 6

Interracial mixing

• The reduction in the number of Indians forced the colonialists to look for labor. They began to import black slaves from Africa. There is a process of mixing of races, languages, customs, traditions, and morals. The composition of the population has acquired extraordinary complexity. The majority of the population speaks Spanish and Portuguese.

Slide 7

Mestizos - descendants of Europeans and Indians

European
Indian

Slide 8

Mulattoes are descendants from marriages of Europeans and Africans

European
African

Slide 9

Sambo - descendants of Africans and Indians

African
Indian

Slide 10

Exercise

New peoples of South America.
Use arrows to show the complexity and diversity of the racial composition of the South American population.
Indians, Mestizos, Sambos, Mulattoes, Europeans, Negroes.

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South America The presentation was prepared by 7th grade “A” student Sofia Gurevich Geography teacher – Ekaterina Dmitrievna Zarenkova

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At the ethnic level, the population of South America can be divided into three types: Indians, whites and blacks. In countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Venezuela, the demographics are dominated by mestizos (descendants of marriages between Spaniards and the indigenous population). Only in two countries (Peru and Bolivia) do Indians form a majority. Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela have significant populations of African descent. In countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Brazil, the majority of the population is of European origin, of which in the first two the majority of the population is descendants of immigrants from Spain and Italy. Descendants of the Portuguese, Germans, Italians and Spaniards live in the south and southeast of Brazil. Indian Negro Caucasian

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Chile received waves of emigration from Spain, Germany, England, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Greece and Croatia throughout the 18th and early 20th centuries. According to various sources, from 1,600,000 (10% of the population) to 4,500,000 (27%) people from the Basque country live in this country. 1848 was the year of mass immigration of Germans (also Austrians and Swiss) and partly French, mainly to the southern regions of the country, hitherto completely uninhabited, but rich in nature and minerals. This immigration of Germans continued after the first and second world wars such that today about 500,000 Chileans are of German descent.

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In addition, about 5% of Chile's population are descendants of Christian immigrants from the Middle East (Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese, Armenians). Also, about 3% of the Chilean population are genetic Croats. The descendants of the Greeks number about 100,000 people, most of them live in Santiago and Antofagasta. About 5% of the population is of French origin. From 600,000 to 800,000 - Italian. Germans immigrated to Brazil mainly during the 19th and 20th centuries in connection with political and social events in their homeland. Today, about 10% of Brazilians (18 million) are of German descent. In addition, Brazil is the Latin American country where the largest number of ethnic Ukrainians live (1 million). Ethnic minorities in South America are also represented by Arabs and Japanese in Brazil, Chinese in Peru and Indians in Guyana. Cathedral in Santiago The highlands of Peru were formerly inhabited by the Incas

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Tepui, or tepui, are table mountains located in the Guiana Highlands in South America. for the most part on the territory of Venezuela. Among the most famous tepuis are Autana, Auyantepui and Mount Roraima. Many tepuis are located in Venezuela's Canaima National Park, which has the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The word "tepui" in the language of the Pemon Indians inhabiting the Gran Sabana region means "house of the gods." Tepuis for the most part stand isolated from each other, rising above the jungle with inaccessible cliffs, which makes them carriers of unique sets of endemic plants and animals.

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The Atacama Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Atacama) is a desert on the west coast of South America, in Chile (between 22° and 27° S). Before the Second Pacific War (1879-1883) it belonged to Bolivia. The Peruvian Current cools the lower layers of the atmosphere and creates a temperature inversion that prevents precipitation (less than 50 mm per year). The driest place on Earth. Deposits of saltpeter, borax, iodine, table salt, copper.

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Titica ca (Spanish Titicaca, Quechua Titiqaqa, Aymara Titiqaqa) is the largest lake in South America in terms of fresh water reserves, the second largest lake in South America by surface area (after Lake Maracaibo, which is also sometimes considered a bay of the sea), the highest in the world navigable lake. Located in the Andes. The name consists of the words of the Quechua Indian language: kaka - rock and titi - puma - the sacred animal of the Quechua tribes.

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Sao Paulo (port. São Paulo) is a city in southeastern Brazil, the capital of the state of the same name. The largest city in the Southern Hemisphere. Located in the valley of the Tiete River, 70 km from the Atlantic coast. Motto on the coat of arms: lat. NON DVCOR DVCO - “I am not controlled, but I am controlled.” The city's area is 1,523 km, and its population is 11.3 million people (according to IBGE data for 2011), making it the most populous city in the Western Hemisphere (with suburbs - about 20 million).

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Bue nos Ayres (Spanish Buenos Aires, lit. “good air” or “good winds”) is a city, the capital of Argentina, the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country and one of the largest cities in South America. Buenos Aires is located in the central-eastern part of the country, on the western shore of the largest bay-estuary, the Rio de la Plata, which is a continuation of the mouth of the second longest river in South America - the Paraná. The city has had its modern shortened name, “Buenos Aires,” since the 17th century. Before this, the city was officially called by the following full name: Spanish. Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Nuestra Señora de Santa María de los Buenos Aires, lit. "The City of the Holy Trinity and the Port of our Lady Saint Mary of the Good Winds."

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Rio de Janeiro or simply Rio (port. Rio de Janeiro, literally - January river) is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of the same name. The second largest city in Brazil (after Sao Paulo), the third most populous metropolitan area in South America with a population of 6.3 million people in the city itself (2004), the sixth largest city in the Americas and 26th in the world. Rio's coastline with Copacabana Beach, Sugarloaf Mountain and the Christ the Redeemer statue is a World Heritage Site. The city was the capital of Brazil for two centuries, from 1763 to 1960. During the Portuguese colonial regime, Rio was the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve from 1815 to 1821. Then - the national capital of the country, from 1822 to 1960.

Krasnoarmeyskaya secondary schoolI- III steps

Geography lesson in 7th grade

Teacher: Drokachuk Svetlana Nikolaevna

Lesson topic : Population of South America (Slide No. 1)

The purpose of the lesson : study the population of South America, its racial composition and distribution, the origin and formation of the modern population of the continent; introduce the features of the political map of the continent; identify the main states; develop the ability to work with sources of geographic information, skills to analyze and summarize the information received. (Slide No. 2)

Equipment : political map of South America, geographical atlases, computer and multimedia board.

Lesson type : learning new material.

Basic concepts: population, race, state, colonization.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Updating the basic knowledge and skills of students.

Exercise (on individual cards): combine geographical concepts into groups and give them names.Egypt, Canberra, Negroids, Commonwealth of Australia, Mongoloids, Cairo, Caucasians, Ethiopia, Sydney.

Show a slide with the correct answer. (Slide No. 3)

Races States Cities

negroid Commonwealth of Australia Sydney

Mongoloid Egypt Cairo

Caucasian Ethiopia Canberra

III. Motivation for educational and cognitive activities.

No fossil sites have been found in South America primitive people, there are no remains of great apes here either. How did man penetrate into South America?

IV. Learning new material.

Teacher's story.

Archaeological excavations in South America suggest that the first people appeared on the continent 15-17 thousand years ago. These were the ancestors of modern Indians from North America, which even earlier, about 25 thousand years ago, began to be inhabited by immigrants from Asia who crossed the land bridge across the Bering Strait, which connected Eurasia and North America. The ancient tribes based on the mainland were at a low level of development. They led a nomadic lifestyle and were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering. Having no connections with the peoples of other continents, over a long historical period the peoples of South America created a unique culture. 7 thousand years ago agriculture began on the mainland. In the 1st century AD The first ancient Indian states arose. In the XV - XVI centuries. Before the arrival of Europeans, a large Indian state emerged - the Inca Empire, which included the territory of modern Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Peru and Ecuador. (Slides No. 4,5) The majority of the population of this state were Quechua Indians. In the capital of the state, Cusco, multi-storey buildings were erected from carefully fitted stone beams. These buildings were distinguished by their extraordinary strength. The largest structure was the Temple of the Sun, decorated with gold plates. In one of the temples there was a “golden garden”, which got its name because of the image of skillfully made animals, plants and insects made of gold and silver. The Incas had widespread stone sculpture and ceramics. In the Inca culture, literature, music, choreography and other types of arts developed, and the rudiments of writing appeared. The Incas had knowledge of mathematics, medicine and geography. High level Agriculture reached the Inca Empire. Canals were connected to the fields for irrigation. The lands were fertilized with guano. In the mountains, earthen terraces were built to grow maize, potatoes and other crops. The Incas were the only inhabitants of South America to breed domestic animals - llamas.
The development of the Inca culture was interrupted by the invasion of the Spaniards in 1532. Two circumstances contributed to the victory of the Spaniards. Firstly, the empire was weakened by a three-year internecine war, and secondly, it was very easy for the Spaniards to move along good, stone-paved roads with bridges over deep gorges. The Spanish detachment of conquistadors (translated from Spanish as conquerors) was commanded by the insidious and greedy Pissaro. The Inca Empire was plundered by the Spanish conquistadors. Many unique monuments of Inca culture have disappeared forever. But for many years until 1572, the Incas continued to resist the Spaniards.
Before the arrival of Europeans, tribes lived in the lowlands of South America who were at the level of the primitive communal system. They were engaged in hunting, fishing and primitive agriculture.
The invasion of European colonialists led to the mass extermination of Indian peoples. They died from overwork on plantations and unknown diseases brought from Europe.
There are very few indigenous Indians left in the modern countries of South America. They make up a significant part of the population only in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
The reduction in the number of Indians forced the colonialists to export millions of black slaves from Africa to work on plantations. Gradually, a mixture of three races occurred on the mainland - Caucasian, Mongoloid and Negroid.

Descendants from marriages of Europeans and Indians began to be calledmestizos. (Slide No. 6) Mestizos make up the majority of the modern population of South American countries.
Descendants from mixed marriages between Europeans and blacks are calledmulattoes . Mulattoes make up a significant part of the Brazilian population. (Slide No. 7)
Marriages from blacks and Indians formed another group -sambo .

(Slide No. 8)

Working with cards : during the teacher’s story and slide demonstration, students complete the diagram: (Slide No. 9)

Population

indigenous newcomers new peoples

Indians Europeans mestizos

Africans mulattoes

sambo

Until the mid-19th century, the dominant Europeans on the mainland were the Spaniards and the Portuguese. Since the second half of the 19th century, more and more emigrants from other countries of Europe and Asia - Italy, Germany, France, Holland, India, China, Japan - began to arrive in South America. Representatives of some nationalities did not mix with local population and live in isolated groups.

Currently, more than 400 million people live in South America. Over the past half century, the population has increased 3 times. The reason for this growth is a decrease in mortality and high birth rates. South America is called the continent of “young ages”. The distribution of the population across the mainland is extremely uneven. Approximately 90% of the population lives in the coastal part. The vast interior of the mainland is sparsely populated, and some areas equatorial forests almost deserted.

The countries of South America differ in territory size, population and natural resources.

Large states: Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela. (Slides No. 10,11,12,13,14,15)

Reception : “Geographical workshop”: Drawing the borders of countries on a contour map. Signing the names of countries and their capitals.

Russia maintains political and economic relations with most countries in South America. These relationships are built on a mutually beneficial basis. Cultural exchanges between our country and the countries of South America are expanding. This contributes to better mutual understanding and strengthening peace on the planet.

V. Consolidation of the studied material.

Reception “Work in pairs”: fill in the gaps in the text on the cards, mutual checking, using the correct option on the slide. (Slide No. 16)

Card :

Many thousands of years ago, numerous tribes lived in South AmericaIndians . They were huntingand agriculture .

Since the 16th century, people settled on the mainlandEuropeans . These were mainly people fromSpain And Portugal . The Indians were partially exterminated orslaves . Europeans began importing slaves to work on plantations.Africa . Languages, races mixed,customs And traditions.

The mainland is currently inhabitedweak . Population is distributedunevenly . Most residents live oncoast oceans.

Words for reference: weak, Africa, Indians, agriculture, Europeans, Spain, unevenly, Portugal, slaves, customs, traditions, coast.

VI. Lesson summary.

Students take turns showing the states of South America, the most populated regions, on the wall map.

VII. Homework.

Study the textbook material

Prepare for the final lesson. (Slide No. 18)