New materials for document covers. Moscow State University of Printing Arts

The Green Print company will print books starting from 1 copy. This is very convenient for customers, as it makes it possible to make a book sample. Having received an advance copy, the publisher will be able to assess, even before release, how well the book is made.

Using this method of printing books makes it possible to quickly correct the presented material, correct mistakes, change color, etc. This way the book will be of impeccable quality. In addition, if you print a book in a small edition, you can estimate the actual reader demand for this publication. Printing books from 1 copy is an excellent solution for those companies that order printed products for corporate use.

What factors influence the price of printing?

High quality book printing is ensured through the use of new technologies, modern equipment and quality material. The offset method, which is used in the production of printing, is characterized by excellent productivity and low cost. However, it is only suitable when the user orders a large print run. For small batches, the operation of an offset machine is quite expensive, which is reflected in the price of the product.

In this case the best option will become digital printing books. For small orders, as a rule, this method is used. It provides high quality products, as well as excellent speed its manufacture. Having ordered books, brochures, catalogs and other printed materials, very soon you will be able to use them for their intended purpose.

The price of the product depends on other factors. These include the quality of binding. If the customer chooses an adhesive connection using a soft cover, then the production of books does not foresee any special costs. The classic hardcover version is more expensive. To print such a book in a printing house will require more time and labor. Therefore, the price of such a product will be much higher.

Regardless of the method or quantity of books produced, our company guarantees their excellent quality, presentable appearance and affordable price. Ordering the printing of books, catalogs or booklets from the Green Prince printing house will not be difficult. To do this, you need to visit our website and leave your order online or call. By contacting us, you can be sure that you will receive high-quality printing very soon. The prices for our services will pleasantly surprise any of our customers.

All existing types of covers and binding covers can be classified by design (covers according to the method of attachment to the book block), spine shape, presence of edges and type of corners. Some of them are also used for. GOST 22240-76 provides for four types of covers and five types of binding covers. Each type is assigned a number and name. type 1 - cover for saddle stitching; type 2 - cover for ordinary cover; type 3 - cover for cover; type 4 - composite cover with spine edging; type 5 - composite binding cover; type 6 - binding cover made of one piece; type 7 - one-piece binding cover; type 8 - binding cover with overlay sides and overlay spine; type 9 - binding cover with overlay sides and edged spine. According to the design, covers are divided into covers made of one piece (types 1, 2, 3) and into composite covers (type 4). Type 1 covers are mainly made for publications, equipped with an insert, and fastened to a notebook block (up to 5 mm thick) with wire during saddle stitching. The processing of brochures made with saddle stitch covers is relatively low. If the cover is included in the brochure, then such a cover is called “your own”. If the cover is made as a separate element (it differs from the block in a more colorful print or a thicker type of paper), then this cover has the term “foreign”. Covers of type 2 with double creasing and type 3 with quadruple creasing, respectively, are intended for fastening the block in a notebook style with threads or adhesive seamless joint (SBS). When opening a brochure, the main load falls on the spine, which can lead to the cover being torn from the book block. Based on this, the design of type 3 cover is more durable. To attach the cover to the block, glue is applied to both the spine and the sides of the block. In this case, when opening the brochure, the load acts not on the spine, but on the decorative one on the outside of the cover (the thickening on the inside). This type of cover is the most common and is very often decorated with a dust jacket made of thin paper, glued to the spine and folded along the front edge ("English brochure"). Type 4 cover design is composite. The sides of such a cover can be completed together with the book block, or can be glued to the outer pages in the same way as endpapers. When making a brochure with this type of cover, the border strip-spine is glued with an overlap of 10-15 mm over the spine of the book block. Such covers are not widely used due to unreliable adhesive connections, such as when varnishing or laminating inner surface The cover has low adhesive properties. But with the development of technology, this drawback was overcome. New types of brochures have been created with free space between the cover and the block, improving openability, which is very important when perceiving images and tables that cross the spine. Book blocks made using new technologies allow them to lie freely when opened. The blocks are called lay-flat books. The edging strip is applied using elastic and durable polyurethane adhesive (PUR). Let's look at some types of cover fastenings belonging to type 4, which have become widespread recently.

This brochure has a bordered block that is connected to the back cover only with a narrow strip of glue. Typically the block is up to 10 mm thick, and the cover, which has double or triple creasing, is completely open. The edging material is fabric, which bends much easier than paper. As a result, the block opens more easily. One of the varieties of the Swiss brochure is the brochure for filing. The brochure has an additional part of the cover (15 mm) in the spine area, on which there are holes with metal rings (eyelets) for fastening to any surface.

Otabint Brochure

The Otabind brochure was developed by the Finnish publishing group Otava. The block is also glued with fabric tape in the area of ​​the spine with an overlap. The cover with six-time creasing is glued to the block with a strip of glue located between the two outer pairs of creasing points directed inward. To add solidity, this edition is equipped with a cover with a flap. In a number of countries, this type of brochure is chosen for the production of textbooks, since their production is not as expensive as sewing with thread. After the patenting of the Otabint brochure by the Dutch company Nexpoor (the patent expired 10 years ago), a similar brochure design appeared among other developers, using similar fastening methods, one way or another circumventing the patent.

The same type of binding is used as the Otabind brochure. The cover does not stick to the block in the spine area, which is sealed with fabric tape. Then the spine is deformed so that when opened it experiences less stress. The disadvantage of such seamless fastening is the low degree of automation of the production process. This once again proves that seamless fastening technologies have room to develop. Development is proceeding in two directions: improving the block design and developing new gluing technologies. Next, we will consider traditional binding covers, the design of which, “honed over centuries,” has almost reached perfection. Binding covers consisting of one piece belong to type 6. Solid covers, belonging to type 7, consist of four parts: two cardboard sides, a gap and a cover material. Binding covers of types 5, 8, 9 are composite, equipped with six parts: two cardboard sides, a ledge and three independent parts of the cover material (the spine and two cover sides). The cardboard sides in type 5 lids are covered with cover sides with the flaps bent inward on three sides, the fourth on top of the spine. Lids of types 8 and 9 have cardboard sides pasted with folded flaps on all four sides (the cardboard sides themselves are glued in the same way as type 5 on top of the spine). The difference between binding covers of types 8 and 9 is the presence and absence of a gap, which gives rigidity to the spine of the cover.

Traditional binding covers

Type 5 binding covers are used in the production of textbooks for high school, some works of political and fiction, publications for children, etc. The technology for assembling such a lid with pre-sealed sides is very labor-intensive. Most often they are produced with paper cover sides, which leads to low wear resistance. To increase the durability of the covering material, lamination and varnishing are used, however, these operations increase the cost of binding. Type 5 covers with a fabric spine on the sides are beautiful in appearance, durable and wear-resistant, but complemented by embossing, they are expensive to manufacture. They are used in the production of expensive gift and anniversary editions, encyclopedias and monographs. Very often such binding is used when printing on small format digital equipment, while other binding covers type 6, 7 require a one-piece cover. Type 6 binding covers are cheap to produce and the manufacturing technology is simple. But the two main requirements for binding covers - rigidity and openability - come into conflict in this design. Covers made from one piece on the basis of thin cardboard without edges degenerate into brochures with covers glued to the block using endpapers. Type 6 covers received modern development and are called integral binding, for which experts see a bright future. This binding consists of a solid cardboard blank with folded and glued edges and scoring along the spine lines. The required rigidity can be ensured by selecting cardboard of the required density and laminating film. In terms of durability, integral binding is between “hard” and “soft”. The total weight of a book in this binding is reduced by 15-20%. Taking the main advantages from the cover: manufacturability and low cost, it is distinguished by a more solid appearance and practicality. If necessary, this type of binding can be subjected to any type of finishing, including lamination and embossing. If you increase the size of the flaps and do not glue them onto a cardboard base, then the resulting binding cover is called semi-integral. Binding lids type 7. This type of lids is most widespread. This popularity is due to its simplicity, durability and inexpensive production compared to other lids. Covering materials on a fabric or paper basis with a polymer coating (such as vinyl, balacron) are used. A variation of such binding is covers with cellophane paper covering material (7BC). For decorative purposes, multicolor prints with lamination are used as a covering material. Depending on the shape of the spine, binding covers are distinguished between straight and round (cylindrical) spines. Based on the presence or absence of edges, covers and binding covers are classified as with or without edges, respectively. If there is no edging, then the size of the cardboard sides corresponds to the format of the publication (book block). The size of covers and binding covers with edging is larger than the size of the book block by the amount of edging on three sides. See: Depending on the type of corners, the lids come with straight, round and straight glued corners. With additional finishing of the binding cover, for example embossing, special requirements are imposed on the covering material. GOST of 1976 did not include plastic binding covers with welded joint parts and a number of other rarely used types. Also, new types of bindings that appeared after the adoption of this GOST were not included (their description is given in the article on types of binding). 1 - binding cover; 2 - cardboard side; 3 - backlog; 4 - cover spine; 5 - cover side; 6 - covering material; 7 - overhead side; 8 - patch spine; 9 - edging material; 10 - adhesive layer; 11 - creasing line; 12 - block; 13 - flyleaf.

It's no secret that today almost every person is forced to carry a whole set of documents with them. To preserve them and protect them from damage, the best way like the cover, haven't found it yet. However, it is not always possible to buy a suitable “crust” format for a document, and this niche for small businesses is partly empty. Get yours start-up capital, having launched the production of various covers for documents – quite real way.

• Where to start making covers for documents
• Document cover manufacturing technology
• How much money do you need to start a business making document covers?
• How much can you earn
• How to choose equipment
• Which OKVED code must be specified for the production of document covers?
• What documents are needed to open
• Which taxation system to choose for the production of document covers
• Do I need permission to open?

Where to start making covers for documents

The essence of this type of activity is that when you start, you do minimum investment, such as:

• purchase sewing machine, which can process the edges of the product and high-quality stitching of leather, vinyl, and suede;
• purchasing the material needed to make custom covers;
• purchase of fabric - for the inside of products;
• buying cardboard - for the shape and strength of the cover;
• purchasing transparent plastic for the “envelope” that secures the document.

If suddenly you do not have the opportunity to purchase a machine, then you should not give up this idea, because such a product can be made in any way you like, even by hand, since the dimensions are not very large.

Document cover manufacturing technology

This work should be performed in the following order:

1. open the document and measure its width and height;
2. make allowances: width 2.5 - 3 cm, height 0.5 - 1 cm;
3. According to the size of the resulting triangle, it is worth cutting out the front side of the cover;
4. make allowances for fabric and cardboard (interior decoration) of 0.5 cm;
5. cut the plastic along the front side (the width of the size of the closed document is 1/2 - 1/3);
6. connect all prepared parts together;
7. stitch by hand or on a sewing machine.

Your cover is ready, but this is not enough to promote your business, as it needs to be decorated.

For these purposes, the following decoration techniques are often used:

• decoupage;
• decoration with beads, rhinestones, crystals;
• embossing, gilding;
• addition of pieces of plastic, leather, fabric.

How much money do you need to start a business making document covers?

Making covers for various documents to order has many advantages, including:

1. lack of large investments to start production;
2. the demand for this type of product;
3. free niche for beginning entrepreneurs;
4. simple technological process;
5. availability and low cost of materials and equipment;
6. high profitability.

Let's calculate the cost of manufacturing 20 pieces of a product. To do this you will need the following materials.

The only drawback in this type of production is the difficulty of selling products. However, this issue is easily resolved. To do this, you can enter into an agreement with pavilions that are located in office centers and document processing organizations.

Also, many organizations and enterprises constantly issue passes and permits to their employees, for which you can provide a whole range of covers. Don't forget that your income depends on how carefully you took care of how to sell your product.

How much can you earn

If you make simple covers for documents, then their cost ranges from 50 to 150 rubles. You won't be able to make a lot of money here. But if you produce an exclusive product, then the price indicators increase to 500 - 1500 rubles. At the same time, the cost will be in the range of 50 - 100 rubles. Thus, the net profit from one cover for documents will be from 400 - 450 to 1450 - 1400 rubles. Monthly earnings will depend on the quantity of goods sold.

How to choose equipment

Selecting equipment for this line of business does not pose any particular difficulties. To make a document cover you will need:

• printer and scissors;
• sewing machine and consumables;
• needles and latches;
• glue and leather embossing kit;
• fine sandpaper, etc.

Which OKVED code must be specified for the production of document covers?

The application submitted for registration indicates the OKVED code, according to which the business will be established. For the named area of ​​activity, it will be necessary to indicate code 18.1, which includes not only printing activities, but also the provision of services in this area of ​​activity.

What documents are needed to open

Registration of this type of business can be done in two ways. In the first case, documents are submitted for an individual entrepreneur, and in the second - a legal entity. The first option is more acceptable, since it requires minimal financial investments, a small package of documents is provided (application, receipt of payment of state duty, photocopy of passport) and takes no more than 5 days. In addition, you will need to register with government bodies and open a bank account. For legal entity The list of documents has been expanded. If you register it, it is better to choose a limited liability company.

Which taxation system to choose for the production of document covers

To avoid spending extra cash From paying taxes, it is best to choose a simplified version. It will allow you to pay 6% tax on the income received. If desired, you can provide documents confirming expenses and in this case pay 15% of net profit.

Do I need permission to open?

To start producing covers for documents and selling them, you will not need to obtain additional permits and licenses.

Every person has documents that they want to protect from dirt. And this is not only a passport, but also a student ID, driver’s license, birth certificate, and so on. Covers are most often used to protect papers. In production similar products You can build your own business, which will bring considerable profit. The main thing is to purchase necessary materials, tools and some experience.

Making covers for documents requires strict adherence to technology. Otherwise, the products will be of poor quality.

What you will need

The manufacturing process of such products is quite simple. The main thing is to be careful and follow the basic rules. To start making document covers, you need to purchase everything you need. This requires base material, varnish, lining, cardboard blanks that give rigidity to the products. You also need to decide in advance what you will make the covers from. Artificial leather substitutes can be used as the main material, genuine leather, as well as vinyl. A lot depends on the choice. In addition, the service life of the cover depends on the wear resistance of the base material.

The lining is necessary to maintain the attractive appearance of the product. It is usually made from artificial materials. Particular attention should be paid to the varnish. Colors and other characteristics of the coating usually depend on the purpose of the cover. It is best to use acrylic composition in cans. Making covers for documents is a simple process. The main thing is to maintain consistency. Cardboard pieces should be inserted between the lining. This will make the product more rigid and protect it from kinks and tears. That's all you need for business. You can start making document covers.

Business benefits

PVC, leather and other materials as a business have many advantages. Among them it is worth highlighting the following:

Technology for making covers for documents

The image should be applied to the workpiece using the blending technique. Thanks to this, you can make an original and beautiful cover. The color and patterns in this case depend on the type of document. It is worth noting that equipment for making covers for documents can be found in almost any home. After all, sewing is carried out using a regular sewing machine.

For decoration finished products You can use almost any decorative elements. However, it should be remembered that not only young people are interested in such products. Therefore, it is worth making covers for all age categories. This will increase sales.

Business payback

So, you have started making document covers. This business usually pays off. Many people are interested in how long it takes for this to happen. There is no definite answer here. Payback of this business directly depends on how much time you devote to it and how much effort you put in.

As for the cost of materials, it’s easy to calculate everything. One square meter of leather is enough to make 20 document covers. Price of this material is about 200 rubles. The same number of products requires 10 sheets of cardboard and square meter linings. This amount of materials costs about 100 rubles. Don't forget about acrylic varnish. Making covers for documents from PVC and other materials is simply impossible without it. Acrylic varnish costs about 150 rubles. Now you can calculate the cost finished products. This figure is 30 rubles. Moreover, the production time is only 1 - 1.5 hours. On average, the selling price of such a product is about 300 rubles for just one cover.

How and to whom to sell

The main disadvantage of any business is the difficulty of selling ready-made products. Such problems arise precisely at the initial stage. After all, newcomers to this field need to look for points of sale for their products, and this requires communication skills.

If you have started a business producing covers for various documents, then you should look for the main consumer among young people. Most often, such products are purchased by people aged 16 to 35 years, and this is no coincidence. It is at this age that a person is more attracted to bright and unusual things. First, you should advertise your product as an inexpensive but creative gift.

Finally

Making covers for various documents is an ideal way to earn money for those who strive to financial independence. The technology for creating such a product is quite simple and does not require excessive costs. The starting materials in this case are quite low in cost. Which, in turn, allows us to produce covers at a low cost. This kind of business pays off very quickly. The main thing is to do it daily.

Among the disadvantages of such a business, it is worth highlighting the difficulties of selling goods at the initial stage. Before you start making covers for documents, you should decide in advance on the age category of consumers, and also decide how such products will be positioned.