Waiting for a Russian strike drone. Complexes "Transas": from small to large

Medium-altitude heavy multi-purpose remote-controlled UAV with a long flight duration. Solves the problems of detecting and identifying objects in real time, regardless of weather conditions and time of day. Built according to the normal aerodynamic scheme. There is no information about readiness and entry into the Russian troops for 2017.01.
Piston engine, four-stroke Rotax 914.
Capable of carrying up to 120 kg of payload in the form of precision weapons.

There is a certain similarity with the strike drones of the United States and General Atomics. Russian product differs from them in its noticeably smaller size and the fact that it was developed almost 20 years later than the MQ-1B.

Appearance

photo source: poderioarmadas2.blogspot.ru Similar to Predator B in this photo.

Developer

Kronstadt (formerly Transas), chief designer Gennady Trubnikov

Specification details

Length - 6.7 m,

Height - 2.3 m

Wingspan - 12 m

Range - 3500-3700 km

Non-stop flight - up to 30 hours

Takeoff weight: 640 kg

A runway is required for takeoff and landing.

Height ceiling: 7500 m

Piston engine, four-stroke Rotax 914 (115 hp).

Data transmission - via satellite or radio channel within line of sight.

Capable of carrying up to 120 kg of payload in the form of precision weapons, such as bombs or air-to-surface missiles. It can also be a radar (for example, a front and side view with a synthetic aperture), an optical video camera, a thermal imager, a camera with interchangeable lenses.

Fuel tank - in the middle part of the body

Bow - navigation systems

Tail section - power plant

On board are installed auto-tracking and target designation systems, a communication system capable of transmitting video streams from cameras and data from radar and other payloads. Information storage systems.

Video

Status

2017.01 There is no information about the start of mass production and about entering the army.

2016. Trials began.

First flight in 2010. At the same time, the work was curtailed due to lack of funding.

Shown at the MAKS-2009 air show

Preliminary information about this UAV appeared at the Interpolitech exhibition in 2008, then it was called Dozor-3.

The future, where smart machines kill people, has come much earlier than the heroes of "Terminator" thought. Now it is impossible to imagine the air forces of a modern state without drones. Until recently, the hegemon in the field of the construction and use of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) was the United States of America, but it seems that their leadership will soon come to an end. Or rather, it will fly in - on the wings of the promising Russian reconnaissance and strike UAV Dozor-600.

Ideas to add to the reconnaissance function of unmanned aerial objects also the task of destroying targets arose from world designers at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For example, the legendary Nikola Tesla designed a small radio-controlled glider capable of dropping small bombs, but no one was interested in his device at that time.

The first serial strike UAV was the American "MQ-1 Predator", which in 2001 successfully hit the required targets as part of training flights. From that moment on, the need to create such weapons for the needs Russian army became obvious.

In 2009, at the International Aviation and Space Salon in Zhukovsky, the first prototype of a new Russian UAV was presented to the public. The large-scale Dozor-100 prototype made a demonstration flight lasting only a few minutes, but talk about the technical characteristics of the new drone and comparisons with foreign analogues has not ceased for more than five years.

The structure of the hull of the "Dozor" and its overseas counterpart "MQ-1 Predator" is similar, both of them have a normal aerodynamic configuration with a single-beam fuselage. The wingspan of the domestic UAV is inferior to the "MQ-1 Predator" by almost a third - 12 meters against 17. Modesty in dimensions can be traced in the small payload mass and maximum takeoff weight. At first glance, such compactness seems to be a disadvantage, because less takeoff weight means fewer missiles, which is a determining factor for an attack drone. But this is only at first glance. Smaller sizes also mean less visibility for detection systems. The low takeoff weight, which theoretically limits the type and number of missiles, can be offset by special compact air-to-ground missiles or special ATGMs (anti-tank missiles). And even without special missiles, it is hypothetically possible to install, for example, four ATGMs of the Shturm or Ataka type, the mass of which does not exceed fifty kilograms. In turn, the Predator is armed with two AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles, which have proven themselves well in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Interestingly, the engine power on the Russian and American UAVs is the same and equal to 115 horsepower, which means that with a smaller weight and dimensions, the Dozor-600 will feel more comfortable in the sky: higher maximum speed, higher maneuverability. These indicators can also be called decisive, because in addition to the potential destruction of the target, the tasks of the drone are reconnaissance and detection, and here such "agility" is urgently needed. For example, in the NATO war against Yugoslavia in 1999, the outdated 9K31 Strela-1 anti-aircraft missile systems of the Yugoslav army shot down at least two MQ-1 Predators.

For surveillance and reconnaissance, Dozor-600 will have a whole range of devices: an optical-thermal imaging gyro-stabilized system (video camera and thermal imager), forward and side-view radar, a camera high resolution with interchangeable lenses, target designation and auto-tracking system. In general, the list of equipment that can be installed on Dozor-600 is quite extensive, since the device can also be used in the civilian sector, for example, for shooting fires or mapping hard-to-reach places.

In 2013, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu instructed designers to accelerate the pace of work on a promising drone.

) for the first time presented a full-size model of the new Dozor-3 UAV (later on it will receive the new name Dozor-600, in accordance with the maximum take-off weight *). The device is interesting because, unlike other UAVs of this family, it has an impressive take-off weight and dimensions, as well as a variety of payloads, which allows it to perform quite serious tasks for civil and military purposes.

According to widespread information, Dozor-3 belongs to the class of heavy medium-altitude UAVs with a long flight duration. Research and development work on it went on an initiative basis, based on the analysis and research of market development trends and requirements potential customers. The first preliminary information about the UAV complex was presented during the Interpolitech exhibition in 2008. Now the complex and the apparatus itself are at the final stage of development. Flight tests are scheduled for 2010.

UAV "Dozor-3" ("Dozor-600"): 3D view and the first photo taken during the rollout (photo "Transas").

UAV "Dozor-3" ("Dozor-600") at MAKS-2009.

The multi-purpose unmanned complex is designed to solve the problems of searching, detecting and identifying objects in the area or lane of the route, located at a considerable distance from the launch site of the device with the transmission of view and flight information in real time. He can perform these tasks day and night, in simple and difficult weather conditions. Proceeding from this, patrolling of land and sea borders, areal aerial photography and remote sensing of the earth, monitoring of extended and remote infrastructure facilities, ice reconnaissance, monitoring of protected objects, as well as the delivery of various cargoes will become the optimal area for the application of the complex.

The appearance of the Dozor-3 UAV was chosen as a result of experimental studies of various models in a wind tunnel. The airframe has a normal aerodynamic configuration with a single-beam fuselage and a rear power plant. The tail unit is V-shaped. The fuselage consists of three main parts. In the bow are sensor systems, flight and navigation equipment and a parachute system. The middle part is occupied by the fuel tank. The power supply system and the power plant are located in the tail section. By layout diagram and technical solutions UAV "Dozor-3" is an enlarged version of UAV "Dozor-5".

To ensure ease of transportation and storage (in a special container on the trailer), the wing and tail unit are made removable. It takes up to 60 minutes to prepare the UAV for takeoff. Takeoff and landing are made in an airplane way (chassis - wheels / skis) using unpaved areas or airfields. In an emergency situation, the use of an emergency rescue system is provided. Operation is provided by a staff of four people.

The key approach of the developers when creating the complex was to provide High Quality received visual information. So, the payload is based on three systems: radar (forward and side-looking synthetic aperture radar), optical thermal imaging (video camera and thermal imager) and photographic (high-resolution camera with interchangeable lenses), which can work simultaneously, and therefore transmit to the consumer a large amount of information from various sources. In addition, the payload includes an auto-tracking and target designation system, a photo, video, radar and thermal image transmission system, as well as an on-board information archiving and storage system. To ensure communication, it is possible to use a satellite communication channel and a radio link within the line-of-sight zone. If necessary, to solve special problems, the UAV can be equipped with a gas analyzer, lidar, scanner and other sensors. According to a Transas representative, the UAV, with its smaller weight and dimensions, is comparable to the Predator UAV in terms of the range of tasks to be solved.

UAV control is carried out in autonomous (according to the program), manual (remote piloting by the pilot-operator) or combined (autonomous and manual) modes. The flight task can contain 250 waypoints, while the navigation accuracy is 15-30 m.

Most elements of UAVs and equipment of the complex, the group of companies "Transas" develops and manufactures independently. These are the UAV glider, flight and navigation equipment, radar, parachute system and power supply system, data transmission channels and operator workstations, software information processing. The rest is supplied Russian manufacturers- satellite communication channel, combined GLONASS/GPS receiver "K-161", photographic complex. Only the propeller group and the optical-thermal imaging system are purchased abroad.

According to RIA Novosti, the company offers a complex for the Russian Ministry of Defense. It was reported that the UAV can be used to solve a wide range of reconnaissance and strike tasks, that "it is possible to place a special load," including on an external sling. A "compartment for dropped cargo weighing up to 100 kg" is provided. RIA Novosti, citing chief designer Gennady Trubnikov, reports that "the device is capable of carrying a shock component" and "is capable of carrying a load in the form of various high-precision weapons." Miracle media has already called "Dozor-600" none other than "the newest attacking Russian drone-record holder"In truth, a Means of Mass Disinformation. The replicated non-RIALity does not correspond well to reality. In fact, Trubnikov only said that the possibility of "carrying a strike component" exists theoretically, but can be implemented if necessary. "Dozor-600 UAV is a successful an initiative project of the Transas company, but no R&D or, moreover, practical work the company did not lead in the direction of adapting weapons," the chief designer commented.

It's easy to dream. What kind of weapons can be placed on a UAV? . It is known that with a decrease in the mass of fuel (and flight time up to 1 hour), an increase in the mass of the payload up to 210 kg is achieved. AT As a result of a simple calculation, it can be assumed that the device will theoretically lift up to two FAB-100s or a pair of R-73 missiles. From air-to-surface weapons in the indicated mass range, it is possible to use ATGMs of the Shturm or Ataka type, 50 kg each ( only up to 4 units). It is possible to use small-sized MANPADS in the air-to-air mode with a missile mass in the TPK of about 50 or 90 kg (four or two, respectively). However, in any case, you still need to consider that the application will require the installation of additional guidance equipment, which also weighs a lot.

The interest of the state customer, the significance and level of quality of the manufactured products were emphasized by Dmitry Medvedev's recent visit to Transas in May 2009.

* Renaming in the "Patrols" family

The main characteristics of the UAV "Dozor-3" (compared to peers)

		"Stork"	MQ-1 Predator
Takeoff weight, kg	640 (480*, 720**)	600 (500, 550*)	1020 (maximum)
Empty weight, kg	280	-	430 (512)
Payload weight, kg	120...220 (115*)	up to 100	-
Fuel mass, kg	160 and 250 with add. tank ( 150*)	-	-
Wingspan, m	12 (9,4*)	8
Length, m	6,7 (7,0**)
Height, m	2,3 (2,0*)	-
engine's type	ICE Rotax 914 ( Rotax 912 *)	two piston engine	Rotax 914 UL (Rotax 914F )
Power, hp	115 (100*)	-
Resource, h	3000 (1500*)	-	-
Flight altitude, m	7000...7500 (4000*)	100 - 6000
Cruise speed, km/h	130 - 150 , max. - up to 210	130 - 250	110-130 (130–165) 217 (maximum)
Flight duration, h	until 24-30 (16*)	up to 12	20 … 40
Flight range, km	3700 (over 2000*)	250 (radius of direct communication with NPU) and 400 (radius in the presence of a UAV repeater *)
Takeoff/landing method	by plane ( wheels / skis )	like an airplane	like an airplane
Takeoff, m		300 (150*)	-
Mileage, m		300 (150*)	-
Flight preparation time, min	60 (30*)	-	-
Armament	Maybe	-	eat
* - earlier design data (for 2007 - 2008) ; ** - according to the data at the beginning. 2010

Even 20 years ago, Russia was one of the world leaders in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. In the 80s of the last century, only 950 Tu-143 air reconnaissance aircraft were produced. The famous reusable spacecraft "Buran" was created, which made its first and only flight in a completely unmanned mode. I don’t see the point and now somehow give in to the development and use of drones.

Background of Russian drones (Tu-141, Tu-143, Tu-243). In the mid-sixties, the Tupolev Design Bureau began to create new tactical and operational unmanned reconnaissance systems. On August 30, 1968, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N 670-241 was issued to develop a new unmanned tactical reconnaissance complex "Flight" (VR-3) and the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft "143" (Tu-143) included in it. The deadline for presenting the complex for testing in the Decree was stipulated: for the variant with photo reconnaissance equipment - 1970, for the variant with television intelligence equipment and for the variant with radiation reconnaissance equipment - 1972.

The reconnaissance UAV Tu-143 was mass-produced in two configurations of the nasal interchangeable part: in the photo reconnaissance version with information registration on board, in the television reconnaissance version with information transmitted via radio to ground command posts. In addition, the reconnaissance aircraft could be equipped with radiation reconnaissance equipment with the transmission of materials on the radiation situation along the flight route to the ground via a radio channel. The Tu-143 UAV is presented at the exhibition of aviation equipment samples at the Central Aerodrome in Moscow and at the Museum in Monino (you can also see the Tu-141 UAV there).

Within the framework of the aerospace show in the Zhukovsky MAKS-2007 near Moscow, in the closed part of the exposition, the MiG aircraft corporation showed its Skat attack unmanned aerial vehicle complex - aircraft, made according to the “flying wing” scheme and outwardly very reminiscent of the American B-2 Spirit bomber or its smaller version - the X-47B marine unmanned aerial vehicle.

"Skat" is designed to strike both at previously reconnoitered stationary targets, primarily air defense systems, in the face of strong opposition from enemy anti-aircraft weapons, and at mobile ground and sea targets when conducting autonomous and group actions, joint with manned aircraft.

Its maximum takeoff weight should be 10 tons. Flight range - 4 thousand kilometers. The flight speed near the ground is not less than 800 km / h. It will be able to carry two air-to-surface / air-to-radar missiles or two adjustable bombs with a total mass of not more than 1 ton.

The aircraft is made according to the scheme of the flying wing. In addition, the well-known methods of reducing radar visibility were clearly visible in the appearance of the structure. So, the wingtips are parallel to its leading edge and the contours of the rear of the apparatus are made in the same way. Above the middle part of the wing, the Skat had a fuselage of a characteristic shape, smoothly mated with the bearing surfaces. Vertical plumage was not provided. As can be seen from the photographs of the Skat layout, control was to be carried out using four elevons located on the consoles and on the center section. At the same time, yaw control immediately raised certain questions: due to the lack of a rudder and a single-engine scheme, the UAV required to somehow solve this problem. There is a version about a single deviation of the internal elevons for yaw control.

The layout presented at the MAKS-2007 exhibition had the following dimensions: a wingspan of 11.5 meters, a length of 10.25 and a parking height of 2.7 m. Regarding the mass of the Skat, it is only known that its maximum takeoff weight should have been approximately equal to ten tons. With these parameters, the Skat had good calculated flight data. At top speed up to 800 km / h, it could rise to a height of up to 12 thousand meters and overcome in flight up to 4000 kilometers. It was planned to provide such flight data with the help of a bypass turbojet engine RD-5000B with a thrust of 5040 kgf. This turbojet engine was created on the basis of the RD-93 engine, however, it is initially equipped with a special flat nozzle, which reduces the visibility of the aircraft in the infrared range. The engine air intake was located in the forward fuselage and was an unregulated intake device.

Inside the fuselage of the characteristic shape, the Skat had two cargo compartments measuring 4.4x0.75x0.65 meters. With such dimensions, it was possible to hang guided missiles in the cargo compartments various types, as well as adjustable bombs. The total mass of the Skat combat load was supposed to be approximately equal to two tons. During the presentation at the MAKS-2007 Salon, Kh-31 missiles and KAB-500 guided bombs were located next to Skat. The composition of the onboard equipment, implied by the project, was not disclosed. Based on information about other projects of this class, we can conclude that there is a complex of navigation and sighting equipment, as well as some possibilities for autonomous actions.

UAV "Dozor-600" (development of the designers of the company "Transas"), also known as "Dozor-3", is much lighter than "Skat" or "Breakthrough". Its maximum takeoff weight does not exceed 710-720 kilograms. At the same time, due to the classic aerodynamic layout with a full-fledged fuselage and a straight wing, it has approximately the same dimensions as the Skat: a wingspan of twelve meters and a total length of seven. In the bow of the Dozor-600, a place is provided for target equipment, and a stabilized platform for observation equipment is installed in the middle. A propeller group is located in the tail section of the drone. Its basis is the Rotax 914 piston engine, similar to those installed on the Israeli IAI Heron UAV and the American MQ-1B Predator.

115 horsepower of the engine allows the Dozor-600 drone to accelerate to a speed of about 210-215 km / h or make long flights at a cruising speed of 120-150 km / h. When using additional fuel tanks, this UAV is able to stay in the air for up to 24 hours. Thus, the practical flight range is approaching the mark of 3700 kilometers.

Based on the characteristics of the Dozor-600 UAV, we can draw conclusions about its purpose. The relatively low takeoff weight does not allow it to carry any serious weapons, which limits the range of tasks to be solved exclusively by reconnaissance. However, a number of sources mention the possibility of installation on the Dozor-600 various weapons, the total mass of which does not exceed 120-150 kilograms. Because of this, the range of weapons allowed for use is limited to only certain types of guided missiles, in particular anti-tank ones. It is noteworthy that when using anti-tank guided missiles, the Dozor-600 becomes largely similar to the American MQ-1B Predator, as technical specifications, as well as the composition of weapons.

Hunter

The project of a heavy strike unmanned aerial vehicle. The development of the research topic "Hunter" to study the possibility of creating a strike UAV weighing up to 20 tons in the interests of the Russian Air Force was or is being conducted by the Sukhoi company (JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau). For the first time, the plans of the Ministry of Defense to adopt an attack UAV were announced at the MAKS-2009 air show in August 2009. According to Mikhail Pogosyan, in August 2009, the design of a new attack unmanned system was joint work relevant units of the Sukhoi Design Bureau and MiG (project "Skat"). The media reported on the conclusion of a contract for the implementation of research "Okhotnik" with the company "Sukhoi" July 12, 2011. "and" Sukhoi "was signed only on October 25, 2012.

The terms of reference for the strike UAV was approved by the Russian Ministry of Defense in the first days of April 2012. On July 6, 2012, information appeared in the media that the Sukhoi company had been selected by the Russian Air Force as the lead developer. An unnamed source in the industry also reports that the strike UAV developed by Sukhoi will simultaneously be a sixth-generation fighter. As of mid-2012, it is assumed that the first sample of the strike UAV will begin testing no earlier than 2016. It is expected to enter service by 2020. In the future, it was planned to create navigation systems for landing approach and taxiing of heavy UAVs on the instructions of JSC Sukhoi Company (source).

Media reports that the first sample of the heavy attack UAV of the Sukhoi Design Bureau will be ready in 2018.

Combat use (otherwise they will say exhibition copies, Soviet junk)

“For the first time in the world, the Russian Armed Forces carried out an attack on a fortified militant area with combat drones. In the province of Latakia, the army units of the Syrian army, with the support of Russian paratroopers and Russian combat drones, took the strategic height 754.5, the Siriatel tower.

Most recently, the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, General Gerasimov, said that Russia is striving to completely robotize the battle, and perhaps in the near future we will witness how robotic groups independently conduct military operations, and this is what happened.

In Russia, in 2013, the newest automated control system "Andromeda-D" was adopted by the Airborne Forces, with the help of which it is possible to carry out operational control of a mixed group of troops.

The use of the latest high-tech equipment allows the command to ensure continuous control of troops performing combat training tasks at unfamiliar training grounds, and the command of the Airborne Forces to monitor their actions, being at a distance of more than 5 thousand kilometers from their deployment sites, receiving from the exercise area not only a graphic picture of moving units, but also a video image of their actions in real time.

The complex, depending on the tasks, can be mounted on the chassis of a two-axle KamAZ, BTR-D, BMD-2 or BMD-4. In addition, taking into account the specifics of the Airborne Forces, Andromeda-D is adapted for loading into an aircraft, flight and landing.

This system, as well as combat drones, were deployed to Syria and tested in combat conditions.

Six Platform-M robotic complexes and four Argo complexes took part in the attack on the heights, the attack of drones was supported by the Akatsiya self-propelled artillery mounts (ACS) recently transferred to Syria, which can destroy enemy positions with mounted fire.

From the air, behind the battlefield, drones conducted reconnaissance, transmitting information to the deployed Andromeda-D field center, as well as to Moscow, to the National Defense Control Center of the command post of the Russian General Staff.

Combat robots, self-propelled guns, drones were tied to automated system control "Andromeda-D". The commander of the attack on the heights, in real time, led the battle, the operators of combat drones, being in Moscow, conducted the attack, everyone saw both their own area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe battle and the whole picture.

Drones were the first to attack, approaching 100-120 meters to the fortifications of the militants, they called fire on themselves, and self-propelled guns immediately attacked the detected firing points.

Behind the drones, at a distance of 150-200 meters, the Syrian infantry advanced, clearing the height.

The militants did not have the slightest chance, all their movements were controlled by drones, artillery strikes were carried out on the detected militants, literally 20 minutes after the start of the attack by combat drones, the militants fled in horror, leaving the dead and wounded. On the slopes of a height of 754.5, almost 70 militants were killed, the Syrian soldiers had no dead, only 4 wounded.

"Dozor-600" is a Russian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is capable of conducting reconnaissance and eliminating targets under any weather conditions. It was first presented at the MAKS-2009 air show. Produced by the St. Petersburg company Transas.

Russian drone "Dozor-600". Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Allocer

Specifications:

Wingspan- 12 m

Length- 6.7 m

Height- 2.3 m

Maximum takeoff weight- 720 kg

Maximum fuel weight- 240 kg

Payload weight- 210 kg

engine's type- gasoline, four-stroke, four-cylinder Rotax 914

Engine power- 115 hp

Flight altitude- 7000 m

Max speed- 150 km/h

Flight duration- 24 hours

Payload volume- 120 kg

Navigation Accuracy- 15-30 m

Time required to prepare for departure- up to 60 min.

What weaponry is the drone equipped with?

The Dozor-600 can be equipped with both ground-to-air and anti-tank missiles. Their weight should not exceed 50 kg.

With the help of what equipment does the drone conduct reconnaissance?

Depending on the task being performed, Dozor-600 can be equipped with various equipment.

The payload is based on three systems:

Radar (forward and side-looking synthetic aperture radar),

Optical-thermal imaging (video camera and thermal imager),

Photographic (high resolution camera with interchangeable lenses).

Data transmission is carried out using a satellite communication channel and a radio link within the line-of-sight zone. The apparatus is operated by a staff of four.

Can Dozor-600 be used for peaceful purposes?

Yes, you can. The device can be used for shooting fires, monitoring the border, creating topographic maps, etc.