The materials of the article include data on exports and imports of wheat in the world in 2001-2014, an estimate for 2015 and forecast until 2025, the ratings of the main wheat exporting countries and wheat importing countries in 2014. The material is part of the encyclopedia of agribusiness from "AB-Center". You can go to the main page of the encyclopedia by clicking on the link -.

The article was prepared by specialists of the Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" in 2016 based on statistical and forecast data from the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Ministry Agriculture United States (USDA), the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics. Current and extended data on the Russian and world grain markets can be found by clicking on the link -.

Export of wheat in the world

General export volume of wheat in the world in 2014, according to the WTO, amounted to 175.2 million tons, which is 8.9% more than in 2013. For 5 years (in relation to 2009) world trade in wheat increased by 15.1%, for 10 years (by 2004) - by 46.2%, by 2001 - by 50.9% or 59.1 million tons.

World wheat exports in 2015, according to the OECD, is at the level of 151 million tons. The forecasts of this organization seem to be restrained, as no significant changes are expected in 2016, and by 2024 the growth in world wheat trade will be only 8.3% (compared to 2015).

Forecast data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) show a more dynamic development of world wheat trade. Thus, in the 2015/2016 agricultural year, world wheat exports, according to the forecasts of this organization, will amount to 155.5 million tons, which is 0.4% or 0.6 million tons more than in the 2014/2015 agricultural year, and by 2024/2025 agricultural year will increase by 15.8% and in in kind will be 180 million tons.

Wheat exporting countries

In 2014, more than 100 countries exported wheat. At the same time, in 7 countries of the world, export volumes exceeded 10 million tons.

The share of the 10 largest exporting countries of this grain crop in 2014 accounted for 82.8% of the world volume. These countries are USA, Canada, Russia, France, Australia, Germany, Ukraine, Romania, Kazakhstan and India.

The TOP-30 wheat exporting countries in the world account for 98.4% of total exports. The TOP-30 in 2014, in addition to the above countries, included Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Hungary, Argentina, Latvia, Mexico, Great Britain, UAE, Uruguay, Austria, Sweden, Slovakia, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Greece and Moldova.

Below are the current and forecast trends in wheat exports in the largest exporting countries.

Export of wheat from the USA

The USA is the main exporter of wheat in the world. In 2014, their share in the world export of this grain crop amounted to 14.6%, in physical terms it is 25.7 million tons. For 10 years, in relation to 2004, the volume of wheat exports from the United States decreased by 18.8%, or almost 6.0 million tons. According to USDA forecasts, in the next 10 years, the volume of wheat exported from the United States by 2024/2025 agricultural year will grow by 15.1% and will be in the range of 27.5-29.0 million tons. By 2024, according to the OECD, wheat exports from the United States will slightly exceed 28 million tons.

In 2014, export deliveries of wheat from the United States, according to the WTO, were carried out in 77 countries of the world. The largest recipient countries of US wheat are Japan (11.6% of all US exports), Mexico (11.4%), Brazil (9.7%), the Philippines (9.2%) and Nigeria (8.7% ). The top 10 countries, in addition to the above, also included South Korea, Chinese Taipei, Indonesia, Colombia and Italy.

Export of wheat from Canada

Canada is the second largest supplier of wheat in the world market. In 2014, the country exported 24.1 million tons of wheat, which is 23.2% more than in 2013. For 10 years (in relation to 2004) trade in wheat increased by 59.7% or by 9.0 million tons. The good export potential of Canada is ensured by the relatively low consumption of wheat in the country. According to USDA, in the 2014/2015 agricultural year, the country's demand for wheat amounted to 9.8 million tons, while production was at the level of 27.5 million tons, and imports amounted to almost 0.5 million tons. In the next 10 years, wheat exports from Canada will tend to decrease. Wheat consumption per domestic market will grow. By the 2024/2025 agricultural year, wheat exports may decrease by 11.8% to 19.7 million tons. According to the OECD, by 2024 wheat exports from Canada will be at the level of 22.4 million tons.

In 2014, Canada exported wheat to more than 70 countries around the world. The largest recipient countries are the United States (14.2% of all exports), Japan (7.4%), Italy (6.3%), Indonesia (5.8%) and Peru (5.2%). The top 10 countries, in addition to the above, also included Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Bangladesh and Algeria.

Export of wheat from Russia

In 2014, Russia closes the top three largest exporters of wheat in the world, with the volume of export deliveries, excluding trade with Belarus and Kazakhstan, at the level of 22.1 million tons. This is 60.4% or 8.3 million tons more than in 2013. For 5 years (in relation to 2009) the export volumes of Russian wheat increased by 32.1%, for 10 years (by 2004) - by 373.4%, by 2001 - by 13.5 times. At the end of 2014, Russia's share in the structure of world wheat exports was 12.6%.

According to the OECD, the volume of wheat exports from Russia in 2015 is at the level of 18.3 million tons, the estimate for 2016 is at the level of 19 million tons. According to the forecasts of the same organization, by 2024 the export of Russian wheat will grow by 27.2% and amount to 23.3 million tons.

According to the USDA, in the 2014/2015 agricultural year, the export of this grain crop from the Russian Federation is at the level of 22.5 million tons, according to preliminary estimates, next year the volumes may decrease by 17.2%. As for the forecast data, they look more optimistic. In the 2024/2025 agricultural year, Russian wheat exports will reach 27.5 million tons.

In 2014, Russian wheat was exported to 73 countries of the world. The key recipient countries in the period under review were Turkey (19.9% ​​of all exports) and Egypt (18.3%). The top 10, in addition to the above, also included Iran (6.2%), Yemen (4.4%), Azerbaijan (4.2%), Sudan (3.9%), South Africa (3.5% ), Nigeria (3.2%), Georgia (2.8%) and Kenya (2.4%). Other countries accounted for 31.3% of the total wheat exports from Russia.

France is also a major exporter of wheat. In 2014, the volume of trade in this grain amounted to 20.4 million tons, which is 3.9% or 0.8 million tons more than in 2013. Over 5 years (by 2009) wheat exports from France increased by 20.8%, over 10 years - by 37.9%, by 2001 - by 31.1%. At the end of 2014, the share of France in the structure of world wheat exports (TOP-30) was 11.6%. The main consumers in the period under review were Algeria - 4.6 million tons, the Netherlands - 2.1 million tons, Morocco - 1.9 million tons, Belgium - 1.8 million tons, Italy - 1.6 million tons, Spain - 1, 5 million tons and Egypt - 1.3 million tons. In large volumes, deliveries were also made to Portugal, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Germany, Yemen, Cameroon, Cuba, Great Britain, Nigeria and a number of other countries. In total, wheat from France was exported to more than 80 countries of the world.

Wheat export from Australia

In 2014, the volume of wheat exports from Australia amounted to almost 18.3 million tons, which is 1.5% more than in 2013. For 5 years they decreased by 11.7%, for 10 - by 2.1%, compared to 2001 - by 0.2%. Australia's share of total world wheat exports in 2014 was 10.4%. The main consumers of Australian wheat in 2014 were Indonesia - 4.1 million tons, Vietnam - 1.4 million tons, China - 1.2 million tons, South Korea - 1.1 million tons, Malaysia - 1.1 million tons, Iran - 1.1 million tons. Also deliveries were made to Japan, Yemen, Iraq, Sudan, the Philippines, Nigeria, New Zealand, Thailand, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and a number of other countries. In total, wheat from Australia was exported to more than 50 countries of the world.

Imports of wheat in the world

The volume of wheat imports in the world in 2014, according to the WTO, was at the level of 163.3 million tons, which is 10.5% more than in 2013. For 5 years (in relation to 2009) imports of wheat in the world increased by 25.5%, for 10 years - by 49.8%, by 2001 - by 55.1%.

World wheat imports in 2015, according to OECD estimates, are at the level of 150.9 million tons. The forecasts of this organization for the coming decade seem to be restrained. No significant changes are expected in 2016, and by 2024 global imports may grow by 9.1% (compared to 2015).

USDA forecasts for world wheat imports look more dynamic. Thus, in the 2015/2016 agricultural year, world wheat imports, according to the forecasts of this organization, will amount to 155.5 million tons, which is 0.4% or 0.6 million tons more than in the 2014/2015 agricultural year, and by 2024/2025 agricultural year will increase by 14.0%, in physical terms it will amount to 180 million tons.

Below are the current and forecast trends in wheat imports in the largest importing countries.

Wheat importing countries

In 2014, according to the WTO, 180 countries imported wheat. At the same time, in 4 countries, the volume of imports exceeded 7 million tons.

The share of the 10 largest importing countries of this grain crop in 2014 accounted for 38.1% of the world import volume. These countries are Italy, Indonesia, Algeria, Iran, Mozambique, Brazil, Japan, Turkey, Morocco and Spain.

The TOP-30 wheat importing countries in the world account for 74.0%. The TOP-30 in 2014, in addition to the above countries, included Mexico, the Netherlands, Germany, South Korea, Belgium, UAE, USA, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, China, Philippines, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Vietnam, Peru, South Africa, Colombia , UK, Sudan, Venezuela.

Wheat import to Italy

In 2014, Italy becomes the largest importer of wheat with import volumes at 7.5 million tons, which is 29.5% or 1.7 million tons more than import volumes in 2013. The share of Italy in world wheat imports in 2014 was 4.6%. The key suppliers of wheat to the Italian market in 2014 were Canada - 1.6 million tons and France - 1.5 million tons. Large volumes of wheat were also supplied from Austria, Hungary, Germany, USA, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia, Mexico, Russia and Australia. In total, wheat supplies to Italy during the period under review, according to the WTO, were carried out from 33 countries.

Wheat import to Indonesia

Indonesia is in second place in terms of wheat imports in 2014 - 7.4 million tons, which is 10.3% more than imported volumes in 2013. Indonesia's share of world wheat imports in 2014 was 4.6%. Australia remains the key supplier of wheat to Indonesia during the period under review - 4.0 million tons. In significant volumes, deliveries were carried out from Canada - 1.4 million tons and the USA - almost 1.0 million tons. India, Ukraine, Russia also imported large volumes of wheat. In total, in 2014, wheat was imported to Indonesia, according to the WTO, from 15 countries of the world.

Wheat import to Algeria

Algeria closes the top three largest importers of wheat in the world. In 2014, the country imported 7.4 million tons of this grain, which is 17.6% or 1.1 million tons more than in 2013. The share of Algeria in the total structure of wheat imports was 4.5%. The key supplier of wheat to Algeria in 2014 is France - 4.7 million tons. In large volumes, deliveries were also carried out from Mexico, Canada, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Great Britain, the USA, Australia, as well as a number of other countries. In total, in 2014, wheat was imported to Algeria, according to the WTO, from 14 countries of the world.

Wheat import to Iran

Iran ranked fourth in the ranking of the largest wheat importing countries in 2014, with import volumes at the level of 7.1 million tons. Official statistics do not have data on the volume of wheat imports in 2013. The share of Iran in the world structure of wheat imports in 2014 was 4.4%. The key suppliers of wheat to the Iranian market in 2014 were Switzerland - 1.6 million tons and the United Arab Emirates - 1.1 million tons. Large volumes of wheat were also supplied from Germany, Turkey, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Kazakhstan, Russia, Lithuania, Australia and a number of other countries. In total, in 2014, wheat was imported to Iran, according to the WTO, from 23 countries of the world.

The world's automotive market took first place, surpassing the size of the crude oil market, which fell in price. Top 15 car exporting countries. Automobile companies of the world, which are leaders in sales. Infographics.

The global car market was valued at $698.2 billion in 2016, up 2.7% from 2015 and 7.1% from 2015.

In the ranking of continents in 2015, Europe was in the lead, where the volume of the automotive export market amounted to more than half of the global one - $380.6 billion (54.6%). Asian countries were in second place - 23.9%, then North America- 19.2%, according to WorldsTopExports.

In the article:

Car exporting countries on the world map

The map shows the relative size of car exports by country. Light blue countries represent small proportions common market, not more than 2.7% of the world volume. Pink and purple countries rise above the rest, capturing 7-21.8% of the total market.

Source: https://howmuch.net/articles/cars-exports-by-country-2016

• Germany clearly towers over all automakers. The Germans account for more than $150 billion in automotive exports, more than a fifth of all world exports.
• Japan ($91.9 billion) is the world's second largest auto exporter. Companies such as Honda, Toyota and Nissan generally have no problem with foreign buyers, and as a result, the country is well ahead of the United States, which is in third place ($53.8 billion). This is partly due to the fact that Japan is geographically closer to the largest car fleet in the world, China. It's much easier to sell cars when you make them close to where the buyers live.

Recall that it sounds like this: “By 2030, ensure that everyone can enjoy safe, affordable, affordable and environmentally sustainable transport systems, based on improved security traffic, in particular expanding the use public transport focusing on the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, the disabled and the elderly.”

Analyzing the fuel and energy balance for a certain historical period, it should be noted that the world's fuel industry has gone through several stages in its development:

• coal stage (first half of the 20th century);
• oil and gas stage (since the second half of the 20th century).

Oil production in the world in 1950 - 2000 increased almost 7 times (from 0.5 to 3.5 billion tons). Oil industry- one of the most monopolized extractive industries. Apart from a few countries where oil production is run by state-owned companies, the industry is fully controlled by the largest TNCs and Western European countries. To counterbalance them, the oil exporters created an organization that fights for the right to dispose of oil on its territory and controls over half of its production.

Before the 2nd World War, 80% of the oil was produced by Severnaya. and , where the USA stood out (over half of the world's production) and . But after the war with the discovery large deposits oil in the Near and Middle East, as well as in the USSR, America's share began to decline rapidly (21% in 2000). The main part of the oil now gives (up to 38%). The shares of individual leading countries in production in 2000 (USA or ) do not exceed 12 - 13%. USSR in the late 80s. reached the maximum level of oil production among all oil-producing countries - 624 million tons (20% of world production), which no country has surpassed.

Oil is one of the most important export commodities of world trade. Half of all oil produced (over 1.5 billion tons) is exported. Its most important suppliers are the countries of the Near and Middle East. The vast majority of exported oil is transported in tankers by sea. The largest flow through pipelines goes from Russia to many countries of Western and of Eastern Europe. And although the share of oil has decreased slightly, it remains in first place in terms of global energy consumption.

Natural gas industry

Mining natural gas for the second half of the 20th century. increased 11 times (from 0.2 to 2.3 trillion m3). This allowed him to approach in the structure of consumption of primary energy sources to (about 24%). At the same time, in terms of explored resources (almost 150 billion tons or 145 trillion m3), natural gas is comparable to oil. To this should be added the resources of associated petroleum gas associated with oil fields.

By 1990, Vostochnaya became the leader in production, with the leading role of the USSR. There has been significant gas production in Western Europe and Asia. The result was a change in the geography of the world. The USA lost its monopoly position, and their share decreased to 1/4, and the USSR became the leader (now it has retained its leadership). Russia and the US concentrate half of the natural gas produced in the world. Russia remains stable, the world's largest gas exporter.

coal industry

Oil industry

Gas industry

Gas is produced by 60 countries, Russia, the USA are in the lead,.
The main problems of the fuel industry are:

• depletion of fuel reserves (according to experts, explored reserves of coal will last for about 240 years, oil - for 50 years, gas - 65);
• violation environment in the extraction and transportation of fuel;
• territorial gap between the main areas of production and areas of consumption.

To solve these problems, new resource-saving technologies are being developed, and new deposits are being searched for.

Electric power industry of the world

Share various kinds stations in energy production in different countries is not the same, so TPPs prevail in the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, China, Mexico, Italy. A significant proportion of hydroelectric power plants in Norway, Brazil, Canada,. In the late 80s, nuclear power plants were actively built and operated. During this period they were built in 30 countries of the world. A significant share of energy at nuclear power plants is generated in France, the Republic of Korea, Sweden,.

The main problems of the electric power industry are:

• depletion of primary energy resources and their rise in price;
• environmental pollution.

The solution to the problem is in the use of energy, such as:

• geothermal (already used in Iceland, Italy, France, Japan, USA);
• solar (, Spain, Japan, USA);
• (France, Russia, China, jointly Canada and the USA);
• ( , Sweden, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands).

Metallurgical industry of the world: composition, location, problems.

Metallurgy- one of the main basic industries, providing other industries with structural materials (ferrous and non-ferrous metals).

For quite a long time, the size of metal smelting almost in the first place determined the economic power of any country. And all over the world they are growing rapidly. But in the 70s of the XX century, the growth rate of metallurgy slowed down. But steel remains the main structural material in.

Metallurgy includes all processes from ore mining to production finished products. The metallurgical industry includes two branches: ferrous and non-ferrous.

of the world: meaning, composition, placement features, environmental problems.

Chemical industry is one of the avant-garde industries that ensure the development of the economy in the era of scientific and technological revolution. The development of the entire economy depends on its development, since it provides other industries with new materials - mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, and the population - with a variety of household chemicals.

The chemical industry has a complex sectoral composition. It includes:

• mining (extraction of raw materials: sulfur, apatite, phosphorites, salts);
• basic chemistry (production of salts, acids, alkalis, mineral fertilizers);
• chemistry of organic synthesis (production of polymers - plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers);
• other industries (household chemicals, perfumery, microbiological, etc.).
• Accommodation features are determined by a combination of various factors.

For mining and chemical - a natural resource factor determining, for basic and organic synthesis chemistry - consumer, water and energy.

There are 4 major regions:

• Foreign Europe (Germany is in the lead);
• North America (USA);
• East and Southeast Asia (Japan, China, Newly Industrialized Countries);
• CIS (Russia, Ukraine, ).

In production certain types chemical products are leading the following countries:

• in the production of sulfuric acid - USA, Russia, China;
• in the production of mineral fertilizers - USA, China, Russia;
• in the production of plastics - USA, Japan, Germany;
• in the production of chemical fibers - USA, Japan, ;
• in the production of synthetic rubber - USA, Japan, France.

The chemical industry has a significant impact on nature. On the one hand, the chemical industry has a wide raw material base, which makes it possible to dispose of waste and actively use secondary raw materials, which contributes to a more economical use of natural resources. In addition, it creates substances that are used for chemical purification of water, air, plant protection, restoration.

On the other hand, it itself is one of the most "dirty" industries that affect all components of the natural environment, which requires regular environmental protection measures.

What does Hjccbz export? This question was asked by every inhabitant of our country. Today, Russia is mainly engaged in the export of energy resources such as oil products, coal and gas. Rolled steel is also exported along with ferrous and non-ferrous metals and minerals. largest share Russian export form petroleum products. In addition, the leading export items include natural gas, mineral fertilizers, timber, machinery, as well as weapons and various equipment.

Many are interested in what is the role of Yakut diamonds in the export of polished diamonds. More than three hundred million tons of oil, as well as about two hundred and fifty billion cubic meters of gas are exported to the countries of near and far abroad. We will tell you more about the exported products, the structure of Russia's exports and trading partners in our article.

Foreign trade of Russia

Russia's main trading partners today are such countries as China, Poland, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Switzerland, Great Britain, Finland and the USA.

Russia is engaged in providing a significant part of the needs of the Commonwealth of Independent States in oil products and gas. What else does Russia export? Timber, machinery and various equipment. Therefore, for most countries, in particular the neighboring countries, Russia has been and remains an important trading partner.

In 2012 Russia became a member of the World trade organization. In addition, our country is a member of the CIS free trade zone agreement and a member of the customs, as well as the Eurasian Economic Union.

Since 2014, domestic foreign trade has been under significant negative pressure from external trade policy other countries, which is expressed in the form of economic sanctions imposed against Russia. Retaliatory counter-sanctions from the side also have an impact. Russian government in the field foreign trade. Thus, due to well-known political changes, the turnover in foreign trade in the country in 2014 decreased by seven percent compared to the previous year in 2013 and amounted to only eight hundred billion dollars.

As for the current stage, according to the data of the Federal Customs Service, the turnover in Russia's foreign trade for Last year amounted to 470 billion dollars. This figure is even lower compared to the values ​​of 2014 and 2015. If we compare the current trade turnover with previous years, the drop is more than eleven percent. One of the important components of foreign trade policy is export from Russia to China.

decisive role in negative change indicators were played by last year's devaluation of the ruble, which occurred after a large-scale drop in oil prices in early 2016. Then oil quotes fell to below $30 per barrel due to an oversupply on foreign market. The reduction in demand for oil from one of Russia's most important partners, China, also had an effect. And the exchange rate of the dollar against the ruble increased sharply against the background of all this.

Export records of recent years

At the end of last year, Russia's exports, in terms of value, decreased by seventeen percent, amounting to $280 billion.

A similar picture is formed due to the fact that Russia exports abroad mainly hydrocarbons (gas and oil exports). Of course, along with the fall in their value, the total price of exports also decreased. Along with this, exports in physical terms increased. Russia during the whole last year did not reduce, but, on the contrary, increased their deliveries abroad, despite low prices.

Thus, oil exports in 2016 increased by almost seven percent to 200 million tons. But at the same time, income from it fell by eighteen percent to seventy billion dollars. The same thing happened in the export of other raw materials. Thus, in physical terms, the export of natural gas increased by thirteen percent, although already in the first half of the year its cost fell to $150 per thousand cubic meters.

Large commodity enterprises were engaged in increasing the volume of deliveries in order to maintain market share. In addition, in the conditions of devaluation, they had the opportunity to receive more revenue from exports in rubles.

The same has served as an incentive for companies in other industries. What does Russia export besides the materials mentioned above? So, our country managed to increase the supply of most food products to China, and also to the countries of Asia and Europe. In terms of wheat supplies last spring, Russia came out on top in the world, thus overtaking Canada and the United States.

In addition, the volume of exports of butter, meat, milk, cottage cheese and cheeses increased. Deliveries of engineering goods, as well as timber and other products, increased. This was influenced governmental support large enterprises, which was aimed at stimulating production and increasing exports. In addition, the devaluation of the ruble made it possible for Russian products to emerge victorious in competition with other countries. Russian goods were often supplied to the world market for more low prices, but it should be noted that this did not result in large losses for exporters.

So, as has been noted more than once, Russia mainly exports hydrocarbon raw materials, that is, oil, coal and gas, as well as chemical and metallurgical goods, along with machinery, equipment, weapons and food (grain exports, for example).

At the end of 2009, we were in second place in the world in terms of oil exports and were leaders in natural gas supplies. In the same year, seventeen billion kilowatts of electricity worth eight hundred million dollars were exported.

Jewelry

Yakutia occupies a leading position in the Russian Federation in terms of diamond mining. The countries of the European Union, Israel and the United Arab Emirates are considered one of the main importers of Yakut diamonds.

Arms export

Between 1995 and 2001, Russian arms exports amounted to approximately three billion annually. Later, it began to grow and in 2002 exceeded $4.5 billion. In 2006, this figure increased by another two billion dollars.

In 2007, on the basis of a presidential decree, Rosoboronexport became the sole state intermediary in the field of military-technical cooperation. As for arms manufacturers, they have lost the right to export end products Russian weapons. The share of our country in the world arms market in 2005-2009 was 23 percent, second only to the United States.

In 2009, Russia had military-technical cooperation with more than 80 countries, supplying products to 62 of them. The volume of domestic exports of military goods then exceeded two hundred and sixty billion rubles. The share of exports of combat aircraft at that time amounted to forty percent of the total exports of the main types of weapons.

What does Russia export today?

Today, Russia has multibillion-dollar arms supply contracts with countries such as India, China, Vietnam, Greece, Iran, Brazil, Syria, Malaysia, Indonesia and others.

Food export

At the beginning of 2010, we were in third place in the world in the export of grain crops, behind only the United States and the European Union. In terms of wheat exports, Russia was in fourth place. These are good indicators for exported agricultural products.

Last year, food exports increased by four percent, reaching an all-time high of $17 billion. Thus, in the structure of exports, the largest part of it falls on wheat, which is 27 percent of the total food supply, which allowed Russia to come out on top. Next comes frozen fish, sunflower oil and corn. By the way, according to the results of last year, the export of agricultural products and foodstuffs from Russia increased by 4%.

Export of machinery and equipment

In 2009, equipment and machinery worth eighteen billion dollars were exported from our country. From 1999 to 2009, the share of total exports of domestic machinery and equipment increased by 2.5 times. In 2010, exports of machinery and equipment increased to $21 billion.

Car export

In 2009, about 42,000 cars and 15,000 trucks worth $630 million were exported from Russia. A significant part of the trucks exported from our country is supplied to the CIS.

Export of metallurgical products

According to 2007 data, Russia ranked third in the world right after Japan and China in terms of exports of steel products, which amounted to 27 billion tons per year. In 2008, we ranked first in the world in nickel and aluminum exports.

Software export

In 2011, total export volume indicators software and services for its development amounted to four billion dollars.

Export: Russia's trading partners

Now in the world media, as well as on the Internet, it is widely discussed that Russia supposedly does not have any serious foreign trade policy, and that domestic trade directly is very, very modest. But is it really so? According to statistics from the Federal Customs Service, last year our total trade turnover amounted to $280 billion. At the same time, the share of exports is 170 billion dollars. In any case, based on statistical data, we can confidently say that we sell much more than we buy.

It must be noted, however, that the trade turnover has decreased by eighteen per cent. And it is difficult to do anything about it, given the unfavorable economic situation along with sanctions and constant foreign policy pressure. Of course, all this seriously harms the joint foreign trade business. At the same time, it should be noted that exports decreased by twenty-five percent. And yet, with whom is Russia trading today?

So, the main trading partners of our country, even despite all kinds of sanctions, are still the countries of the European Union, which amounts to 124 billion dollars a year. Trade turnover with representatives of the Eurasian Union this moment is only nine billion, but it must be emphasized here that this is only so far.

Exports to China from Russia are important aspects of foreign trade policy. Trade turnover with this country is almost forty billion dollars. In second place today is Germany - it's twenty-four billion. The third position among the most promising trading partners for us belongs to the Netherlands. Therefore, trading with Russia is more than profitable, and in this regard, quite a few countries have not reduced the volume of trade with us, but rather, on the contrary, increased it. For example, countries such as China, the Netherlands and France have done this.

The table below shows the main partner countries with which Russia has foreign trade relations in terms of exports to date.

Name of partner country	Exported goods
	Ferrous metallurgy products, equipment and components, machines
	Oil products, precious metals
	Military equipment and weapons
	hydrocarbons, military equipment and armaments, electricity, precious metals, non-alloyed steel
	Military equipment and weapons, vehicles
	Hydrocarbons, mineral fuels, products chemical industry, metals, equipment and machines
Germany	Mineral products, precious metals, hydrocarbons, chemical products, non-alloy steel
Netherlands	Mineral products, precious metals, energy carriers, hydrocarbons

What has changed in 2017?

After, one might say, a disastrous 2016, the situation in terms of Russian exports turned to growth again. The main stimulus in the first half of the year was the stabilization of commodity prices along with the strengthening of the ruble exchange rate and production growth rates.

In the first half of 2017, foreign trade turnover continued to increase. In six months, they reached $270 billion compared to the same period last year in 2016. Thus, there was an increase of 28 percent.

In addition, positive changes in the field of foreign trade, which began in the second half of last year, continued in 2017. The decisive factor for this was the rise in oil prices, which happened after the agreements between the OPEC countries aimed at reducing the rate of extraction of black gold. As a result of all this, since the autumn of 2016, oil prices began to increase and in February 2017 they managed to reach their maximum level: a barrel of oil exceeded $56. In May of this year, the oil producers extended the agreement for another nine months, that is, until the end of March next year 2018. According to the forecasts of most experts, this agreement will support the cost of oil until the end of this year. At the same time, the reduction volumes remain at the level of 1.8 million barrels per day. According to the cartel member countries, this will make it possible to eliminate excess supply from the market and prevent prices from falling again.

It is important to note that, along with oil prices, other commodities, such as ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as commodities and gold, also rose in price. By the way, do not forget about the export of grain to Asian countries. In addition, following the increase in prices, the ruble began to strengthen.