What is he? Business man. What is he? rules for high performance

What is business psychology? Who according to their nature can be an entrepreneur? About this conversation of our correspondents O. Izvekova and V. Romanenko with the director of the Russian-American psychological center "Ecopsy" Professor M. MELIA.

Today we are surrounded by continuous businessmen, managers. What is this new layer of "business people"?

An entrepreneur is a kind of pilgrim, mastering new areas of business. The entrepreneur cares about his profit, but at the same time he satisfies the explicit or hidden solvent needs of society. It is characterized, firstly, by a clear orientation towards success, towards results. Secondly, courage, some rigidity. He goes to competition, rivalry, and therefore there are traits of aggressiveness in his character. Thirdly, emotional stability, "the subcutaneous layer of optimism." He must have high self-esteem in order not to be vulnerable. This allows you to quickly recover from failure and immediately take on a new business. Fourthly, an entrepreneur is distinguished by amazing independence and initiative, oddly enough, sometimes even the inability to work "in a team." There must be some degree of healthy selfishness. And finally, an entrepreneur is necessarily a creator, this is the main thing!

You look at our businessmen and wonder - a doctor opened a cafe, a physicist opened a sewing enterprise ...

You are right, many entrepreneurs (not only here, but also, for example, in America) do not have a special education or come from a different field altogether. But they have great intuition. Knowledge, oddly enough, in some cases can prevent you from quickly making an original decision. Another thing is the manager - it is impossible for him without knowledge. He has a fundamentally different task - the preservation and development of an already created business. Managers are like a stabilizing force in society. They complement entrepreneurs.

Is it possible to say that the managerial or entrepreneurial mentality depends on age?

Probably not. One until retirement will always invent something. And for another, even at the age of 20, it is important to come every morning to workplace and have clear responsibilities. And there is no need to demand from everyone "come on, do it!" Thank God that there are people who can do what others have thought up.

Does it depend on gender?

Entrepreneurship is psychologically closer to the male character - independence, aggressiveness, individualism. But women can more often be excellent managers, especially in small and medium-sized businesses. They are more willing and better to save and equip this "house", being, as it were, inside it, solving all social, organizational, and personnel issues.

For decades, the planned socialist economy suppressed the entrepreneurial vein in people, killed the very spirit of economic creativity. Isn't that why there are so many businessmen now?

In my opinion, the Soviet system not only did not let entrepreneurial qualities perish, but, on the contrary, developed them. It was necessary to fulfill the plan, but there were no real opportunities, so the "creative process" was in full swing - somewhere the plan was corrected, somewhere the funds were knocked out, somewhere prices were raised. In general, they twisted and turned ... But, on the other hand, in connection with this, we have violated ethical standards. We do not have a "moral code of the builder of capitalism." Since the plan had to be given at any cost - you can give a bribe, resolve issues "through pull", etc. This, by the way, fundamentally distinguishes our businessmen from Western ones. There is a religious basis, clear ethical business standards. We not only violate them, but we do not even know about them.

In society, a predominantly negative attitude towards newly-minted businessmen is widespread. Although no one specifically hated them planted. Why are they so disliked?

There are two images of a businessman in our public consciousness. The first is romantic. This is a hero fighting with officials for the sake of the country's economic prosperity. The second image is of a villain who sells Russia wholesale and retail: they eat caviar with spoons at their presentations, they drink champagne with barrels, and simple people they can't buy anything but bread. These images are an indicator of the immaturity of both society and the entrepreneurial class itself. Our businessmen are still in their "teenage years".

What else, besides "social age", is the difference between our businessmen and Western ones?

Perhaps none of our enterprises has a mission. And in the West, this is the basis in business life, any employee imagines what the mission of his company is. Ours are honestly ready to do anything. Of course there is economic background: in conditions of instability it is difficult to plan and think about the future, money has come to the account - I am already happy. The mission also involves work for the future, sometimes the rejection of momentary benefits.

But we have a clearly expressed, and this is our feature, the mission of a person (as opposed to the mission of an organization). Our well-known entrepreneurs are often asked the question: "Why don't you leave? Don't have enough money for tickets?" They answer: "We would like to do something for the prosperity of Russia." Comparing the attitude of our entrepreneurs towards their country and American ones, you find that Americans are proud of their country, they are grateful to her for what she does for them. It is the love of children for their parents. And we love our homeland as parents - for what we can do for it.

Business people are unusually brave and at the same time intellectually developed. Let's say, such as Mark Goryachev, whose abilities can only be envied. True, there is too much risk in the work of businessmen, and therefore they often become bankrupt. To become bankrupt, even if you do not read D. Carnegie, means to experience a very severe shock, to fall into an unusual state. Therefore, a business person must have great vitality in order to act, fight, win, achieve his goals.

For many people, Vlad Listyev was an example of such increased resilience. He went to the goal day after day, achieved more and more successes, created an image for himself and his programs. He had his own ideas about life, his own values. He didn't seem to be afraid of trouble, he didn't shy away from judgment. He loved people, knew how to communicate with them and win over to his side. And people like him, probably, oratory helped a lot. Vlad Listyev knew how to speak!

Of course, a business person must be healthy, physically developed. What kind of work can be expected from a frail, infirm person? And how to do that hard work, which constantly lies on the shoulders of the entrepreneur? Of course, you should always keep yourself in shape. However, it is the duty of every business man to take care of his loved ones in case he is gone. How? Of course, there is talk about life insurance. Life insurance cannot prolong the existence of a person, but his relatives can count on substantial payments. Moreover, now this type of insurance is being promoted by many companies, which means competition and relatively low prices.

business man must control himself, skillfully manage his subordinates, sensibly choose a team for himself, be able to evaluate both associates and competitors at their true worth, should not brag and envy. How did, say, the head of JSC "MMM" Sergei Mavrodi. He shouted, boasted, made noise, and as a result, he went bankrupt!

Who can become a business person? Firstly, the one who likes entrepreneurship, and secondly, the one who knows how to take risks, win, not be afraid to start all over again. And of course quality higher education in one of the highest universities in the country will not hurt.

Hello! Business qualities a person is, first of all, the abilities and opportunities necessary directly for his professional activity. Agree, charisma or sociability is not needed for lumberjacks to perform their duties.

But there are certain criteria that will help "build" a career and achieve the desired success, regardless of what he does.

List

So, the list of characteristics that a modern person should have:

Independence

This means the ability to make decisions, make choices and take responsibility for it. Such is the mix of characteristics.

Management usually highly appreciates employees who do not turn to colleagues for help every half an hour, but know their job and are ready to do it without being distracted and without needing additional attention.

If a person needs to be controlled, this means that extra resources will be spent on him, and this is usually not profitable for enterprises.

For reference own business without this quality certainly can not do.

Stress tolerance

It is not necessary to be insensitive and impenetrable like a robot. It is clear that life modern man filled with daily stresses, especially if he is a resident of a big city.

And it is impossible not to react to them, since at one moment the retention of tension threatens to collapse. That is, a person can either fall into hysterics, rage, or get sick. In general, you will learn more about the effect of stress on the human body by going to.

So, it is important to know how to release excess tension before it transforms into something else and destroys life. You need to express your anger in a safe environment, for example, through sports. Swimming in the pool or blowing off steam in boxing training can be a relief. So, again go into battle with new difficulties.

You need to rest, and not work for wear, and, moreover, have a good rest, filling up during the holidays or weekends. That is, do not wallow in front of the TV for days with a can of beer in your hand, but do what brings pleasure. Yes, sometimes you want a TV with beer, but if it becomes a habit, you will spend your resources, not fill them up.

Confidence

Not the main, but very important character trait of a business person. Confidence is like the foundation on which the rest of the characteristics rest. If a person does not trust himself, then no matter how brilliant and unique he is, he will slow himself down, preventing him from revealing himself fully.

Earning the trust and respect of others in this case is quite difficult. And if the boss, colleagues, friends give recognition, then all the same in internal structure it is not acquired by the individual.

Adequate self-esteem, that is, not underestimated or overestimated, is necessary in the life of absolutely every person, regardless of his profession and occupation.

It is difficult to achieve what you want without doing anything for it.

Also, things are not going well with overly self-confident people. In submission, they usually do not linger for a long time, as employers cannot stand the arrogance and complacency radiated by them.

Similar difficulties arise in the position of leader. Establishing relationships with partners means being able to notice other people, and they are usually not visible behind your own crown.

Ability to cooperate

This point appears by itself thanks to the previous one. There are few professions in the world that do not require at least slightest interaction with people around.

At least none come to my mind this moment. Except for the hermits who live somewhere in the mountains or forests in splendid isolation. And their whole job is to get water and food for themselves.

So, it is important to be able to cooperate and find a common language with completely different people. Even in my free time. Do you know why? To "grow" useful connections.

There is even such a direction as. It consists in getting to know people who may well be useful in the future. It doesn't matter what industry they work in, we use different services. Accordingly, even an installer can help out one day.

Motivation for success

The desire for victory, success and simply the realization of one's desires is quite valuable personal quality. Otherwise, the employee will not need to give all the best.

Ambition gives you the energy to take action rather than sit back and watch others move up the ladder. career ladder. It motivates to take risks, without which it is sometimes difficult to get new experience and results.

Creativity

This is the ability to bring something new, unusual and unusual to the work and to the space as a whole. This will facilitate working conditions and help achieve better performance of employees and colleagues.

If you absolutely do not consider yourself a creative person capable of creating something new, do not be discouraged, the recommendations will help you develop your creativity.

Clarity

Sometimes it is not an easy task to try to convert the 3D image that is in front of your eyes into simple words. Yes, so that the interlocutors will also be able to see this picture in full. But you need to practice and develop this skill in yourself.

Reaction speed

A slow, measured pace is useful, but in the business world, you can't survive with it. Here, the speed of reaction is valued, since a lot of events requiring attention can occur at the same time.

And if you do not have time to cope with them, you can "die" under the pile that they form over time. Since the tasks will overlap one another, gradually calling into question the reality of their implementation.

Equilibrium

A person who is not able to control his own is unlikely to inspire respect and trust. Outbursts of anger or too violent reactions to any irritants will only alienate colleagues and call into question her professional stability. Especially if she allows herself to use foul language at such moments against her colleagues and partners.

If you are unable to maintain balance and calmness in critical situations, use . They will help you focus on the present moment and your own well-being.

Ability to manage time

Each person, regardless of the field of activity, should be able to plan, distribute tasks and rank them according to complexity, urgency. These are the first, but important steps to success.

Those who carelessly treat gliders and do not structure their activities run the risk of periodically losing sight of valuable moments that can play a decisive role in their professional development.

Business correspondence

It's more of a skill than a personality trait, but still. Literacy is important not only for public speaking or in conversation with senior management. A rare person does not correspond with employees, partners, clients, who can simply be repelled by ignorance of grammar or ethics.

The eminent diplomat Vvedensky said: "People generally get tired not because they work hard, but because they don't work well." And this opinion was not formed on empty place. It has been noticed that lax people really get tired much more than fit, purposeful, business and successful.

Organized people have a much higher working capacity and work efficiency than others. In addition, they experience much more pleasure and joy from their work. And this, in turn, is directly related to the stable state of the nervous system and. Therefore, I believe that every person, regardless of his age and type of activity, would do well to master several highly effective business rules and successful person . And we will have eighteen such rules.

18 Rules for Highly Efficient Work

1. Be specific about your goal and desired end result anytime, anywhere.
Before embarking on any kind of your activity, try to know as clearly as possible the result you need, which you want to achieve in the future.

2. At each stage of your life, try to always focus on the essentials.
choose main goal or the highest priority task for the day, week, month, and so on. Try at the end of the day to always write down on paper the things that you have to do tomorrow. This will allow your, to make the most correct moves for solving the tasks. Whenever you start something, don't stop until you're done.

3. Find an incentive.
Always try to stimulate yourself, and also convince yourself that you like and are interested in the work that you have to do at the moment. Over time, through this practice, you will learn to do any job with interest, enthusiasm and high efficiency.

4. Set precise deadlines.
That is, starting any business, determine for yourself the date by which this business will be completed. Also, if possible, try to get ahead of this date. Any deadlines must always have a clear outline and the reality of their implementation. When observing them, never allow yourself any concessions and forget words like "tomorrow", "". If we choose, then, unfortunately or fortunately, these words will have to be almost completely replaced by "here and now."

5. Get determined.
When you decide to do something difficult, do it with great determination. Never give in to doubt and lack confidence in your abilities. That is, if possible, try to think quickly, and when you make a final decision, act immediately with full confidence and perseverance. In any goal, no matter how grandiose it may be, the most important thing is the first decisive and confident step - this is already much more than half.

6. Know how to say "NO".
Do not be subject to other people's plans, moods and goals if they do not fit with yours.

7. Do not be distracted by empty phone conversations.
In all telephone conversations, clearly decide for yourself what kind of information you need to transmit or receive. And during the conversation, do not go beyond these boundaries. This does not mean that you need to completely stop any non-business communication on the phone. Simply, when you call for a routine exchange of news with loved ones or friends, please do so as much as you like within the allotted time. But if you are busy with something important matter and to solve it, you need targeted information, so please be kind enough to share only what is really important. And there is no need to be distracted or fill your thoughts with other monotonous information.

8. Learn to use a notebook.
Many came across situations when it was necessary to remember something important, but it turned out quite the opposite, at the most decisive moment, we painfully remembered it for a long time. petty tasks. Learn to always bring necessary information or small tasks in a notebook. By the way, this will help your mind not to experience unnecessary stress and not be overloaded with small information.

9. Don't get distracted.
Your friends, colleagues or family will always be able to cross out the most important of your intentions with meaningless chatter. Teach them to clearly perceive and respect your work time. Also know how to not be distracted by the surrounding monotonous events or conversations during work.

10. Learn to listen.
From a large flow of business or empty information, learn to instantly extract only the most important.

11. Uniformity in work.
A lot of people work according to the same type of plan - according to the template. Few think about its improvement. the search for rationalization of labor and reduction of time for its execution will certainly prove to be very effective and, moreover, will bring you moral satisfaction.

12. Don't forget important little things.
Things you need (keys, money, glasses, or something like that) forgotten at home can ruin your entire working day. Before leaving, always double-check whether you have taken everything you need. It is very correct to prepare in the evening what you will need to take with you in the morning.

13. Get to work right away.
Try not to be "swinged". When you know your robot plan and how to do it, then immediately proceed to its implementation.

14. Make the most of your time.
The result of your work and working condition will be greater if you begin to plan and create a working mood already during the journey from home to work.

15. Rest.
During your vacation, try to relax as much as possible. Everyone has their own way to really relax. It can be walking, and sports, and friends, and movies, and everything else. The main thing is that you really rest, and not wake up in the morning with a sore head.

16. Change activities.
Try to plan your day in such a way, if possible, that you periodically switch from sitting work to work that can be done on the move or work that can be done standing, and vice versa. If this is not possible, then do a little exercise or just walk for five minutes.

17. Start early.
If you manage to start your working day a little earlier, even 10-20 minutes, then it will give you a great working environment for the whole day.

18. Respect for time.
Cultivate respect for your own and other people's time. Appreciate the time. This will help you to be demanding about your work, get rid of unnecessary chatter and irresponsibility.