The concept of utilities housing code. What is included in utilities: a list

House management

The Housing Code of Russia obliges citizens to pay for housing and communal services. At the same time, the performers utilities I can be legal entities or individual entrepreneurs. They acquire resources, carry out work and are responsible for the serviceability of all intra-house communications.

The right to use public services:

Residential owners with their families;

Persons who received housing from a cooperative organization;

Tenants of premises; persons renting an apartment (room).

Public utilities:

Drinking cold water. Delivery must be around the clock. It is carried out through the central or intra-house network. The volume and quality of water must be at the appropriate level.

Hot water. It should be supplied around the clock through centralized networks for all areas of the house.

Water disposal. The disposal of wastewater should also be round-the-clock - through centralized networks and in-house systems. Sewer systems should be in most living areas of the house. If there is no centralized sewerage in the dwelling, then it should not be taken into account in the list of utilities.

Power supply. Electricity in the required volume should also be supplied around the clock, without interruption. However, power outages are recorded on metering devices. Note that resource-supplying organizations are not required to maintain networks inside the house. The consumer is obliged to report the data of the metering device before the date indicated in the receipt. If the data has not been received, then the RSO has the right to calculate the volume of consumption according to the standards in the event that a system has not been installed in which the data from the metering devices are automatically sent to the dispatching organization.

You will have to pay for common house expenses even if you have not lived in the apartment for some time. The volume of common house services is calculated taking into account the area occupied by each. In the absence of a common house meter, the calculation is made according to the standards. Experts assure that it is very beneficial to have both a common house and drive meters at the same time. They allow you to calculate the "left" connections to the general house electrical network. They also make it clear in which entrance they know how to save money, and in which they don’t.

Gas supply. Gas must be supplied around the clock. Gas metering devices provide real savings and quickly pay off in apartments with a large number of residents.

Heating. Thermal energy should be applied to houses, apartments and non-residential premises centrally. Residents were charged for common house heating costs. No need to pay for heating the entrance, where there are no batteries. In 2013, new changes were made that relate to the rules for the provision of public services. Regulatory coefficients were introduced for those who are in no hurry to install individual metering devices. For such owners, increased standards have been introduced for all types of CG. The pay goes up every six months. As a result, the excess will reach 60%.

Housing services:

Provision for use of residential premises under a social tenancy agreement or a contract for the rental of residential premises of state or municipal housing stock;

Removal of solid and liquid household waste from apartment buildings.

Housing communal payments

For employers:

For the use of residential premises (rental fee);

For owners:

For the maintenance and repair of residential premises. Consists of service fees and management of the apartment building. The owner of the premises in the MKD is obliged to bear the costs of maintaining not only the premises belonging to him, but also the common property in the house: house structures, corridors, stairwells, attics and basements, engineering networks, elevators and garbage chutes, etc. Article 39 of the LC RF. Moreover, the amount of the amount is determined by the residents themselves at the meeting of the owners of MKD. This is stated in parts 2 and 4 of Art. 158 ZhK RF.

The managing organization has the right to offer to take into account certain works and costs. Sometimes management companies offer a reduced list of services and works for the maintenance and current repair of the house for the maximum cost, which is annually set by the local administration. "Missing" services are offered to be paid additionally. This, of course, should not be. The list of services for the maintenance of the house and work on current repairs is in the Decree of Rosstroy 170 of September 23, 2003.
Do not confuse the fee for the maintenance and current repair of the COMMON PROPERTY of the owners of MKD, included in the payment, and paid work for minor repairs in your apartment, which are carried out according to your order.

extra lines

In payments, graphs with antennas periodically appear next to legal utilities and housing services, cable TV or internet, radio, locking device, concierge, car park security and so on. All these services are neither communal nor residential. Putting them on payroll is illegal. Such payments should be excluded from the single payment document. Do not allow the MA to include a vague clause in the management agreement about its right to conclude any other agreements. Otherwise, they may impose unnecessary services on you. All additional decisions are made at the meeting.

Housing and communal services- these are services provided by management companies to ensure comfortable living and maintain the housing stock in good technical condition. What is included in utilities and how to save on them will be discussed below.

What services should be provided

Management companies are required to provide utilities, payment for which is made both from the number of registered people and according to meter readings. Many are interested in the question of what relates to utilities. Russian legislation regulates the provision of housing and communal services (HCS). The list of utilities should include:

• Drinking cold water. The supply of cold water is carried out to supply residents of apartment buildings around the clock through the central or intra-house water supply. Compliance with all parameters of Sanepidnadzor, required quality and volume - these are the main requirements for cold water. If there is no water supply system, the supply is made to the water column on the street.
• Hot water is served around the clock through a centralized or house supply system to meet the needs of residents.
• Water disposal. Gutters are diverted around the clock through centralized networks or intra-house systems. Sewerage should be in all apartment buildings.
• Power supply. Electricity of proper quality is supplied around the clock to consumers' apartments through a centralized power supply network.
• Gas supply. Gas is supplied to apartments around the clock through centralized gas supply networks. Gas supply also includes the provision of gas cylinders.
• Heating. Hot heating is supplied during the cold season, providing residents with warmth. It is also necessary to heat common areas to maintain the optimum temperature.

Other services, such as garbage collection, repair and maintenance of the housing stock, are housing services. Various organizations can provide all housing and communal services:

• (HOA);
• Housing or housing cooperatives;

Payment for ODPU

Today, payment is mainly carried out according to the norms of management companies. The best option it would be to pay for the real amount provided. To do this, today metering devices are installed in all apartments. Residents transmit data to the management company, which calculates the readings and submits an invoice in the form of an EPD.

By law, multi-apartment buildings must be equipped with common house meters to help accurately determine resource consumption.

Today, the ODPU fee is calculated as follows:

• The readings of individual metering devices in each apartment are taken into account, and they are used to calculate housing and communal services;
• Part of the ODPU data is added to the testimony for a separate apartment and added to the ENP.

Thus, utility bills are paid.

Payment procedure for communal housing and communal services

The rules for the provision of public services in 2012 made it possible to calculate heating standards in a new way. Previously, you had to pay for the entire house territory, today heating common areas not included in utility bills. Also, you do not have to pay for public sewerage. There are fixed norms for the consumption of general hot and cold water - 90 liters per person every month.

Management companies are aimed at saving communal housing and communal services. If the limit is exceeded, the difference is paid managing organization and not residents. The exception is homeowners associations, where the owners themselves decided to pay the difference. If housing and communal services are provided by a resource provider, then the excess is divided between consumers, taking into account the occupied square meters.

Failure to provide public services

If the housing and communal services turn out to be improper, for example, it does not burn, then the consumer can draw up an act about this. Residents must record the violation of their rights. To do this, the tenant, two neighbors and the chairman of the house council draw up a statement describing the violations. Non-provision of housing and communal services is considered from the date of signing the document.

If for a long time DEZ does not clean the territory or does not repair entrances, then the following must be done:

1. Write a collective claim of all consumers to the managing organization. Demand to eliminate the problems that have arisen by the management company within a certain period.
2. Apply in person to the governing body. In it, indicate all the shortcomings of the work and demand their correction and the involvement of the perpetrators to answer for it.
3. If these steps did not affect the DEZ, then you need to go to court.

Contract for the provision of public services

The management organization provides utility and housing services under a written agreement under the new Rules. DEZ or another management company enters into it in the event of the provision of services to the tenant. The Rules specify the terms for the provision and requirements for payment of utility services.

Any consumer has the right to receive housing and communal services that ensure the convenience of living in the house and control its technical condition. For tenants and tenants of housing, a lease or rental agreement must be drawn up. In the absence of a written agreement, the tenant may be denied the provision of utilities.

Obligations of companies providing housing and communal services

The expense items of housing and communal services management companies also include those that they must fulfill. Each consumer must know what he ultimately pays for and what applies to housing services. Organizations providing housing and communal services should:

1. Maintain the temperature in the entrances and apartments at the proper level.
2. Monitor the presence of lighting in the entrances and the local area.
3. Clean up the local area, take out the garbage, comply with the requirements of Sanepidnadzor.
4. Monitor compliance with fire safety regulations.
5. follow technical condition slabs, attics and roofs.
6. Perform all necessary seasonal work.
7. spend cash to maintain public property in good condition.
8. Monitor the condition of common areas.

There may be additional clauses in the lease agreement, which are entered there individually at the request of consumers. You can find out what may be included in utility bills, and what housing and communal services the management company is obliged to provide, by contacting the DEZ. This is required when there is doubt about correct work organizations of housing and communal services, as well as in case of improper performance of their duties by management structures.

How to reduce your utility bill

Utility rates are constantly rising, so many consumers are looking for ways to reduce the composition of utilities in order to reduce costs. This can be done by submitting an application to your management company to waive some housing and communal services. It is impossible to refuse everyone, since heating, for example, is supplied by common system, and turning it off in a separate apartment is almost impossible. You can disable the following LCDs:

1. If residents do not use a television antenna, then you should contact the service organization and ask them to disconnect the cable. This will reduce the cost of the EAP.
2. Today, few people use a radio station, so you can refuse this type of housing and communal services in DEZ.

If utility services are not provided, it is necessary.

To pay for the received housing and communal services, it is necessary to install individual metering devices. Every month you need to transfer the data taken from them to the management company. Those who do not have such devices pay at higher rates. In case of refusal to install them, tenants and tenants overpay more than 50%. Therefore, installing meters will help track resource consumption and reduce utility bills.

Refusal of unnecessary utilities is regulated Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

Regardless of where a person lives: in his own housing construction, in apartment building or a room in a communal building - he must pay bills not only for living space, but also for services that ensure comfortable living. Utilities are a set of works, thanks to which we obtain acceptable living conditions. It is worth considering in more detail what these payments include.

Key points

In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated 05/06/2011, utilities represent the implementation by the service provider of activities to provide consumers with utility resources. This legislative act clearly stipulates what is included in the latter concept.

Communal resources, for the supply of which we pay according to utility bills, are:

• cold water;
• hot water;
• Electric Energy;
• natural gas of gas supply systems or bottled gas;
• thermal energy;
• sewer inlets (water disposal service).

The municipal service also considers the removal of solid household waste.

The provision of services for the supply (or disposal, as in the case of solid waste and sewage) of resources from this list is carried out by various specialized utility structures.

Cold water supply

The supply of cold water includes the maintenance of pumping stations that create pressure in the water supply networks, water treatment works, the repair of existing networks, the construction of new routes - water pipelines to feed the system, the laying of pipelines of a larger diameter, etc.

Water treatment is the first stage in the creation of a “drinking input” resource. Preparatory work includes a filtration system, where mechanical impurities are removed, as well as chemical water treatment. Cleaning quality control is carried out in laboratory conditions.

Hot water supply and centralized heating

These are two different services provided by one company - heating hot water for hot water supply and heat carrier supplied to heating devices in apartments of apartment buildings and in the premises of public institutions.

The heating circuit is closed, hot water circulates in it in the following order: the coolant leaves the boiler, where it is heated to the specified parameters depending on the outdoor temperature, goes through the pipeline system to consumers, where it gives off heat through heating radiators, and then returns through the return system. pipelines to the boiler room, where it is heated again.

Hot water for hot water supply enters the internal networks of buildings, hot water risers, and then to consumers, where it is parsed through “hot” taps. The system is fed in the boiler room from cold water pipes.

The complex of works for the provision of services also includes the maintenance of boiler houses, their periodic repairs (in summer time when heating is not required).

Electricity supply

To provide consumers with uninterrupted mains voltage of 220 V, from which household electrical appliances operate, a set of works is being carried out. Power supply enterprises serve transformer substations (city, district, etc.), power lines of various voltages.

Gas supply

Gas is used for heating (in private houses and apartments with independent boilers), hot water supply (if gas water heaters are available) and for cooking needs. Enterprises supplying gas to homes maintain gas pressure control points, gas pipeline routes various categories pressure.

Wastewater and solid waste disposal

These services are different, but have the same principle and meaning. Wastewater is discharged into sewer networks and then, thanks to the work of the sewage pumping station, is transported to processing and disposal points. Solid domestic waste is also centrally removed to the city dumps.

On the video about paying for utilities

The comfortable life of each person directly depends on the work of utilities. Therefore, timely payment of utility bills is a guarantee of obtaining utilities, which is necessary, first of all, for consumers.

Not every citizen knows exactly what is included in the list of utilities. Let's figure out what amenities each person can count on Russian Federation in 2019.

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And we will determine how users pay for resources supplied by management companies or homeowners associations.

Thanks to public services, citizens can count on comfortable living.

And the list of such services is spelled out in the agreement that was drawn up between the owners of apartments and housing and communal services, management companies or HOAs.

But not everyone has a sample contract on hand, and therefore the question often arises of what exactly the governing body should do and what it is worth paying a fee for.

After all, often because of their ignorance of legal norms, citizens do not know about their rights, available benefits. As a result, they overpay.

General aspects

If you know what exactly we are paying for, you can argue the recalculations of payment for housing and communal services, competently draw up plans for a private house during the construction works etc.

Housing and communal services provide services of 2 types - communal and housing. Both of them increase the comfort of living for people.

Such companies must guarantee the uninterrupted provision of amenities. Citizens, in turn, must pay them in a timely manner.

Basic concepts

Housing and communal services are services that are designed to provide citizens with basic benefits.

If your apartment is not connected to all such communication systems, you can express your wishes for improvement of conditions to authorized persons of the relevant authorities.

Yes and state structures cannot refuse such requests. Mandatory objects in a residential area:

• shower, bath, sink, which has a serviceable faucet;
• a heating system that works without interruption (electrical appliances are not taken into account);
• European power supply and sockets;
• sewer system.

Who is a mandatory payer

The obligation to pay fees for the provision of utility services is spelled out in.

It is indicated when it occurs in a certain circle of people. Must pay:

Only registrants are charged. The legislation does not provide for accrual to persons that actually live in an apartment.

The exception is cases when consumers wish to pay for services on a voluntary basis. But in this case, it is desirable to conclude an appropriate agreement between such a person and the owner.

If there is no such device, then the amount is determined on the basis of the resource consumption standard per tenant (or per square meter).

It refers to the obligation of citizens to install common house metering devices (ODPU) in all apartment buildings.

So you can determine the exact volume of resource consumption in a particular apartment.

What else could be

Not every service provided by the management company is mandatory. There are optional, when a person can choose from 2 one at his discretion. These include the supply of hot water and gas.

You can also select both services. Additional services that citizens have the right to choose on their own include:

• cable TV;
• radio (if it is not used by residents, then they write a statement about disconnection);
• intercom.

But citizens cannot but pay for the elevator and the garbage chute, since they are located on the common house territory. Another thing is if they are faulty.

Then a lawsuit is filed or a lawsuit is submitted and appropriate evidence of the provision of poor-quality services is provided.

Emerging nuances

Consider how utilities are paid by tenants and legal entities.

When paying rent

When a property is rented out, an agreement is drawn up between the owner and the tenant. In such a document, it is worth prescribing who is responsible for paying utility bills.

If there is no such item in, then all bills for services will come in the name of the owner of the apartment.

Therefore, the payment clause in the contract will allow the landlord to protect himself from unscrupulous tenants.

There are 3 possible actions:

Landlords include the cost of housing and communal services in the amount of rent by the tenant	The latter will pay the owner, and he will already repay the accrued amounts for the consumption of resources. This method is trustworthy.
The tenant pays the bills on his own	And the owner transfers the amount only for accommodation in accordance with the drawn up contract. Plus - there will be no overpayment. How much a person spends (of the same water), he will pay for so much. And the landlord thus does not have to bother about paying utility bills. This option is convenient if a long rental period is expected.
Services are paid by the tenant, but this is not mentioned in the agreement	In this situation, the owner should monitor how such an obligation is fulfilled by the tenant