A series of Soviet hydrofoil river boats. Boat "Rocket" hydrofoil: description, specifications

Biographical note.

Vladimir Batshev is the author of more than two dozen books, the most famous of which are “Generation with Broken Legs”, “Notes of a Parasite”, “Murder is the Rule of the Game”, “Espionage Networks”, “Chronicle of the Day” Z "and others. Recently finished my many years of work- tetralogy "Vlasov. Experience of Literary Research of the Civil War in the USSR in 1941-45.

All Russian publishing houses refused to publish this scandalous book, and it saw the light only in Germany, in his own publishing house "Mosty".

"Vlasov" is a study dedicated to the biography of General Andrei Vlasov and the little-known pages of the Soviet-German war related to it. As conceived by the author, his work is an attempt to restore the historical truth and debunk the myths of the Great Patriotic War, which, in his opinion, in fact, was neither great nor domestic. So…

— Tell me, Vladimir Semyonovich, how did you come up with the idea of ​​creating a literary study? How long did they work on it?

I have been writing this book for almost 15 years. I have been collecting materials for it since 1965, after Vladimir Bukovsky told me about Soviet murderers and arsonists dressed in SS uniforms. of people. An example for me was the "Gulag Archipelago" by A.I. Solzhenitsyn, and I walked along the path he had planned. No wonder there are so many references to Alexander Isaevich in my book.

— How do you explain such a sharp rejection of your work by Russian publishing houses?

— I offered my book to sixteen leading Russian publishing houses, but they all refused me. "Vlasov" did not suit those who manage the publishing policy in Russia. The theme of the Soviet-German war is the last thing left in the current Russian ideological apparatus from Soviet myths, and the debunking of these ideologemes is a serious blow to Soviet mythology. And here I am not the first. 10 years earlier, Viktor Suvorov hit them with his Icebreaker.

- No matter how you twist it, Viktor Suvorov is a traitor, as well as Andrei Vlasov, whom you call a tyrant-fighter and a sufferer, doomed to a poor choice between the Stalinist piano string and the shameful position of the Nazi puppet ...

- Lawyer R. West in her book "The Meaning of Treason" quite rightly noted that every citizen owes loyalty (moral and ethical loyalty in addition to legal) only to the country that provides him with protection, and, therefore, cannot commit treason if the laws of his countries do not provide such protection to him. From this point of view, the millions of citizens of the USSR who were repressed in one form or another in 1929-1941 were by no means obligated to be loyal to the Soviet state. As for Andrei Andreevich, he was not a traitor, but a great Russian patriot. He, along with the German conspirator officers, led his own, independent line. We all should be like that!

“I call a traitor a person who has violated his oath. And everyone's motives can be anything. One of the philosophers once said: "All traitors can be divided into three categories: greedy, ambitious and philosophers." It is quite possible that Andrei Vlasov was a philosopher who became disillusioned with the "protection provided to him", but this does not stop him from being a traitor. Personally, I am much closer to the position of General Denikin, to whom in January 1942 a deputation of the German military came. On behalf of their government, they offered the general to lead the Russian army, which would take part, together with the Wehrmacht, in the war against the Soviets. Anton Ivanovich, after listening to the proposal, answered the uninvited guests: "I am too old to lead the army, but I have enough strength not to become a traitor to my people." With these words, the veteran of the fight against the Bolsheviks completely destroyed the ideological basis of the Vlasov movement, which depicted their struggle as if exclusively against communism and Stalin, and in no case against the people.

- You repeat the Soviet fake. Denikin was a Germanophobe and did not believe in victory over Stalin. Generally. He said that "communism in Russia is forever, it is God's punishment" (in which he was right). But despite this, Denikin, during the extradition of Vlasov and Cossacks to Stalin by the Americans and the British, stood up for his comrades-in-arms in the fight against communism. Here is what he wrote: “Your Excellency, I know that there are “Yalta paragraphs”, but there is still, although now trampled on, the tradition of free democratic peoples - the Right of Asylum. There is also a military ethic that does not allow violence even against a defeated enemy.

Finally, there is Christian morality, which obliges one to justice and mercy. I address you, Your Excellency, as a soldier to a soldier, and I hope that my voice will be heard.”

No German military men came and could not come to Denikin - this is also a Soviet fake. First of all, because the Germans had a negative attitude towards the Russian military emigration.

I am not the first who wants to restore the good name of Andrei Andreevich Vlasov and the millions who died in the fight against communism. In the West there is a very large literature on this subject. The problem of "Traitor or Patriot" here has long been resolved in favor of Vlasov. I'm not talking about the huge memoirs of the participants in the ODNR (Liberation Movement of the Peoples of Russia), most of which I, if not collected, then thoroughly studied. No wonder the epigraph to the first volume is the words of Jefferson "Unsuccessful fighters against tyranny were the main martyrs of the laws against treason in all countries."

— In your work you refer to many documents. Where can you find them? For example, I am not at all convinced by the article W .Carollfrom the magazine, Life” dated 12/19/1949 or Walter Gorlitz’s book “The Second World War”, from which you gleaned the number of members of the armed anti-Soviet detachments, which, according to these authors, in the fall of 1944 1,200,000 people.

- You can find the documents I used in the German military archive in the city of Freiburg. By the way, it is these figures that are not disputed by ANYONE, even by current Russian researchers. I even downplayed them a bit.

- You write that both Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya and Arkady Gaidar were treated in a psychiatric hospital at one time. If so, this does not in the least detract from their courage at the moment of meeting with death. And what, by and large, does it matter if Alexander Matrosov, who threw himself at the embrasure, was a criminal? Any past pales before the feat accomplished by man. Do you disagree with this?

- The fact that the “heroes” you named were treated in the Galushkin psychiatric hospital in Moscow is a fact, and I cite in the book the testimony of the attending physician Kosmodemyanskaya, who, in fact, is not a heroine, but an accomplice of murderers. To set fire to a house where a Russian family lives with small children and where two German soldiers are stationed is a crime.

And Arkady Gaidar did not understand the essence at all modern war and forced his companions to create a partisan detachment in the near rear of the advancing German army (!) When they refused, Gaidar threatened to hand them over to the Special Department of the NKVD upon crossing the front line, and they shot him. That's the whole feat. And Alexander Matrosov simply could not rush into the embrasure of a standard German bunker, because to close it, six or seven such heroes are required, no less.

- It follows from your work that the Soviet people were waiting for the Nazi invasion in order to free themselves from the Stalinist yoke, rejoiced at the arrival of the Nazis on their native land, did not support the partisans, and in general there was no partisan movement as such. The NKVD in the occupied territory collaborated with the Gestapo. The underground was also a sham. The entire Soviet people simply dreamed of an early victory for the Nazis. It is not clear then how, in the conditions of the widespread desire to lose the war, it was won.

- I did not write “the Soviet people”, but “the population of the USSR hated the communist regime. And the arrival of the Germans - not the Nazis! - was greeted as the arrival of liberators.

And Hitler deceived the Russian people. He said: "We are going to liberate you from communism" - but it was not so. Hitler was going to turn Russia into a raw material appendage of the Third Reich. And when, already in 1942, people saw that the German promises were at odds with their policy on the ground, they lost confidence in the Germans and, roughly speaking, went to those partisans whom they had recently caught and handed over to the Germans.

- You write: “In the territories occupied by the enemy, the peasants were armed. On the ground they shot the hated communists and security officers, since the Germans looked at it with approval. The people did not want to fight for Stalin and the collective farms, and in 1941 three million surrendered. They fell into captivity not only from the environment, but voluntarily and in droves - sometimes, as witnesses say, they were captured under a brass band.

I managed to talk with several rather elderly people who took part in those terrible events of the first year of the war. They call the above thesis a monstrous profanation. These people now live in Germany, they are already too old to pretend or be afraid of anyone, including the shadow of the “father of nations” who died in the Bose. It seems to me that along with the water you throw out the baby from the trough. It was possible to hate Stalin, but at the same time defend your homeland from the Nazis. However, the issue of mass hatred for the leader in those years is also very controversial. According to many historians and political scientists, the situation of mass delusion regarding the personality of the Generalissimo was more relevant at that time. Poetic lines "We believed you, Comrade Stalin, as, perhaps, we did not believe ourselves!" are the quintessence of popular mentality during the war years.

- And I have letters from 200 people who write the opposite. Your "I was told" is not an argument.

- I think the readers of the older generation will judge us, and I will have the same arguments as a certain number of letters. In the meantime, I will rely on the testimonies of both my grandmothers who lost their husbands in this terrible war. I was completely horrified by your description of the first days of the war, when our citizens, standing at the loudspeakers in the streets, frankly rejoiced at the Nazi invasion. So my grandmothers remembered this day for the rest of their lives and after many decades, they cried, describing the shock they experienced when they learned that their husbands would have to fight. What euphoria there is from the anticipation of the victory of fascism over Stalinism! They, far from politics, simple women with small children in their arms, looked in despair at the loudspeaker and prayed that the Nazis would be defeated at the border. So that they do not have to accompany their relatives to the slaughterhouse and receive funerals. This is what a pervert you have to be in order to get high from a possible collapse, even if a hated system, at the cost of the death of your husbands, fathers, brothers, children. That is why the testimonies of such people as “a simple Russian woman L. Osipova”, who wrote in her diary “I am not a degenerate. But we need to face the truth: we all, all of Russia, passionately desire victory for the enemy, whatever he may be. This accursed system has stolen everything from us, including the feeling of patriotism,” for me they are not proof of the general mindset.

— Quite right! They were shocked when they realized that their husbands would have to fight! The people did not want to fight! Did not want! For what? For Soviet power? For the collective farms and the NKVD? For the cannibal Stalin? Every third family was repressed, 18 million peasants were dispossessed. And these people wanted to fight for Soviet power? Do not make me laugh. I give dozens of opinions about the outbreak of the war. All these opinions are of ordinary Russian people. And not Komsomol or party fanatics and fools, duped Soviet power. There are those who, even today, in the 21st century, continue to repeat ideologemes that have set their teeth on edge, people stunned by the Soviet mechanism for developing lies.

I agree, you need to know the truth, but, carried away by its search, you can indulge in global negative generalizations. Here, for example, this episode: “The Russians broke into German territory like a hurricane of revenge. It was truly a bloody storm. Such atrocities and looting were committed by Soviet soldiers and officers, as the local population hated them. Rape has become widespread. Looting was legal. All soldiers and officers were allowed to send parcels home, and the high authorities got the opportunity to send loot by wagons. There was not a single woman left who had not been raped, not a single German, whom the fist of a Soviet soldier would not have walked on.”

If the hatred of the Germans for the Soviet "monsters" was so all-consuming, what prevents their descendants from erasing the memory of them from their land? However, May 8 is celebrated in Germany as the day of liberation from fascism. On Victory Day, the entire mass grave in Treptow Park, where 200 Soviet soldiers are buried, is covered with wreaths and flowers. Search work is underway to restore and perpetuate the memory of the "unknown soldiers". Of the 7 thousand, one and a half have already been installed and soon their names will appear on stone slabs. In the speeches of the sovereign men of the FRG, speaking on this day at the memorial cemetery, there are words of gratitude to the Soviet soldiers who died in the struggle for the liberation of Europe from fascism.

- May 8 in Germany is a day of mourning for those who died during the 2nd World War. Point me to a specific "powerful man" who would thank the Soviets for the occupation of Germany and its division into two parts - and this was precisely the result of the victory, and " cold war” is also a result! The Germans do not like to remember the war. And rightly so. This is a hard memory.

-What is the purpose of your research?

My goal is to dispel the fog of ideological myths associated with the Soviet-German war. I repeat: it was neither great nor domestic. And I feel sorry for those who do not want to know the truth. These are spiritually poor people. The Soviet government made them that way.

Ideologemes continue to rule not only the ball, but also the country, mindsets. This applies to many people living here. And what can be expected from those who continue to watch Soviet - I did not make a reservation! - Soviet television and continue to soak up the spiritual vodka, which they treat there along with thousands of films about Komsomol volunteers, "eternal yawns" and Stirlitz.

And which of them watched German documentary about the tragedy of the ship "Wilhelm Gustlov" (I write about it in volume 4), sunk by a drunken Soviet submariner Marinesko? On the ship were refugees from the advancing communists, children and the wounded. The steamer under the red cross was sunk by two torpedoes. 5400 people died. And what about the communists? They announced that there were 3,000 German submariners on board! Why does Germany have so many submariners when only 16 submarines remained in service in February!

I repeat once again: in order to avoid the recurrence of the disease, you need to know it! Can't stay castrated information space!

- Thank you for the conversation. I am sure that it will not leave our readers indifferent, and they will want to express their opinion on the above.

", in which the author actively debunks the "myth" about the first woman - the hero Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Let's leave aside the newfangled currents of organizing mud baths for the "soviet ideology". Let's try to consider another, documentary point of view, because, as you know, history is not opinions and fantasies, but documents and evidence.

So, the first of the two documents provided in this article is the Order of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 0428 dated November 17, 1941 on the creation of special teams for destruction and incineration settlements in the rear of the Nazi troops. And already here the author of the article consciously, and this is understandable, publishes in his article only one passage taken out of context, because it is on this passage that the entire subsequent article is based. Here is the text of this order:

Were the Germans in Petrishchevo at the time of the "heroic" arson of the villagers' houses? In his article, the author, without reference to any documentary sources, assures that on that day there were no Germans in the village at all. We will not ask why he took this, but will provide our information about this fact.

From the testimonies of a German prisoner of war non-commissioned officer of the 10th company of the 332nd infantry regiment of the 197th division of Karl Beyerlein about the execution in November 1941 in the village of Petrishchevo "partisan girls": It was on the Russian front in November 1941. The fields and forests were covered with snow. Our battalion retreated that night to the village of Petrishchevo, which lies a few kilometers from the front. We were glad to rest and soon tumbled into the hut. The small room was cramped. The Russian family was put outside for the night. We had just taken a nap when the guards raised the alarm. 4 huts around us were on fire. Our hut was filled with soldiers left homeless.

From the recording of a conversation with residents of the village of Petrishchevo, Vereisky district, Moscow region, who witnessed the brutal massacre of a partisan girl: Sedova Maria Ivanovna (31 years old). They brought her in the evening, at 7 or 7.30. The Germans who lived at our house shouted: "Partizan, partisan." Live recording of a conversation with Mr. Voronina Avdotya Petrovna (67 years old). They brought her after the Sedovs. I fired up the oven. I look - they lead. They shout to me: “Mother, this is Russia, it is she“ fu ”- she burned the houses.” She was silent at the same time. They put her near the stove. 5 people brought her, and I also had Germans - 5 people. I also had the headquarters of the Signal Corps in my apartment. Live recording of a conversation with: gr. Kulik Praskovya Yakovlevna (33 years old): I don't know where she was taken from. That night there were 20-25 Germans in my apartment, at 10 o'clock I went out into the street. She was led by patrols - with her hands tied, in an undershirt, barefoot and on top of the undershirt, an upper man's undershirt. They told me: mother, they caught a partisan.

As we can see, both the Germans themselves and the villagers testified that enemy units were in the village and lodged. Yes, the members of the special detachment, indeed, prepared and carried out the arson of the houses of the local residents of the Sviridovs, Smirnovs and Solins, but the Germans were quartered in these houses, and the members of the detachment carried out the order, being military men.

Live recording of a conversation with Mr. Kulik Praskovya Yakovlevna (33 years old). In the morning I went up to her and started talking to her. I asked: "Where are you from?" The answer is Moscow. "What is your name?" - said nothing (3). "Where is parents?" - said nothing. "What were you sent for?" - "I was tasked to burn down the village." - "And who was with you?" "There was no one with me, I'm alone." - “Who burned these houses that night (and that night she burned three residential buildings where the Germans lived, but they ran out)?” She replied: "I burned it." She asked: "Oh<олько>did I burn it?" I answered: “Three houses, and in these yards I burned 20 horses.” She asked if there were victims? I answered no. She said what you need<было>long to leave the village from the Germans.

These testimonies, again, refute the author's statement that no stable was allegedly on fire that night.
Where and, most importantly, by whom was Tanya-Zoya hanged? The author of the article claims, “When two houses and a barn, proudly renamed the “stable” by the Soviet press, burst into flames, when women and children began to wail, the brutal men caught a bitch with bottles and without hesitation hung up on a feather birch. The interpretation, of course, is interesting, the author's imagination can only be envied. And the Facts? And the facts just tell us the opposite.

From the testimony of Smirnova A.M. (Extract from the criminal case file of the military tribunal of the NKVD troops of the Moscow region on the death of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya): On the second day after the guerrilla set fire to houses, including mine, in which German officers and soldiers were located, their horses stood in the yards, which burned down in a fire, the Germans set up a gallows in the street, herded the entire population to the gallows of vil. Petrishchevo, where I came too.
Please pay attention, this is not just a testimony of a villager, but a woman whose house was burned down.

From the testimony of Voronina Avdotya Petrovna (67 years old). The next morning, almost in front of my house, the Germans made a gallows - they dug in a post about three meters, a bar to it from above, and a rope to it. They did it in the morning - at 8 o'clock in the morning. Did the hanger 3 people. Then I saw, like the next morning, at 10-11 o'clock, and she was taken out of the Kuliks' house. A group of Germans took her out... I already walked when she was already hanging, i.e. 1 hour has already passed. She hung with her arms hanging, on her chest there was a tablet of 30 centimeters, with the inscription: "The arsonist of houses", written in Russian and in German.

Live recording of a conversation with Mr. Kulik Praskovya Yakovlevna (33 years old). At 10:30 she was taken out of the house to the street. She came out with the officers, two Germans held her by the arms, as she staggered. She was dressed in wadded dark blue trousers, in a dark shirt, gray socks, nothing on her head, and they led her to the gallows. The distance from our house to the gallows is 4 houses. Led to the gallows by the arm. I left, did not even wait until they brought her to the gallows, because I could not look at this picture. From the testimony of Kulik Vasily Alexandrovich (b. 1903). They took her out of the house, while there were about 100 Germans only at our house, and there were a lot of them in total: both on foot and on horseback. Between the gallows and the house, at this distance, they hung a sign for her. They led her by the arms to the gallows. She walked straight, with her head held high, silently, proudly. They took me to the gallows. There were many Germans and civilians around the gallows. They led me to the gallows, ordered to expand the circle around the gallows and began to photograph it. Many Germans photographed her from different angles. At the same time, she was turned. Here is one of those photos:

It clearly shows that it is not the peasants from the village who see the girl hanging, but the Germans, who, according to the author of the article, were not in the village at that time. Here is another photo, which, according to the author, apparently also captures the villagers, probably for conspiracy, completely dressed in German uniforms.

At the same time, the author of the article contradicts himself: the article also published a photo before the execution, having read the text of the tablet on the girl’s neck, the author loses sight of the people in German uniforms in the photo, probably forgetting that on this day, according to him, the Germans in the village did not have. “But such trifles did not bother anyone in the USSR, the country needed Heroes,” says our author. Well, indeed, the policy in those years was such that the glorification of some personalities and exploits took place (to be honest, I don’t understand why, real facts, IMHO, and there were plenty) in the press, but it’s worth noting here that Zoya’s personality Well, in general, by Soviet standards, she was not suitable for the role of a hero. Moreover, the command showed no confidence in Zoya's candidacy even at the time she joined the army. The reason for this was the origin - Zoya's grandfather, the priest of the Church of the Sign in the village of Osino-Gai, Pyotr Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, was captured by the Bolsheviks on the night of August 27, 1918 and, after severe torture, was drowned in the Sosulinsky pond. In 1929 the family ended up in Siberia. According to some statements, they were exiled for the speech of Anatoly Kosmodemyansky - Zoya's father - against collectivization. In addition, the fact that the girl had mental problems is undeniable. According to Lyubov Kosmodemyanskaya on February 10, 1942:

Zoya suffered from a nervous disease since 1939, when she moved from the 8th to the 9th grade ... She ... had a nervous disease for the reason that the guys did not understand her. She did not like the fickleness of her friends: as sometimes happens, today a girl will share her secrets with one friend, tomorrow with another, these will share with other girls, etc. Zoya did not like this and often sat alone. But she experienced all this, said that she was a lonely person, that she could not find a girlfriend for herself.

In general, well, the personality of the girl did not fit into the framework of the ideal Soviet hero. This fact, in my opinion, once again proves that this story was not an invention of the "soviet ideology" designed to stimulate the patriotism of the Soviet people in the first, most difficult years of the war, but actually happened to a real person, in a real area.

Today it is fashionable to denigrate history and its heroes. Probably, today's ordinary people cannot bear the thought of their own weakness and moral insignificance, while they are opposed by really heroic personalities in quite recent history. Well, it doesn’t give rest to many of our contemporaries in any way, the eternal “there were people in our time, not like the current tribe. Bogatyrs are not you!” and, not being able to reach the bar so high raised by our ancestors, these “personalities” begin to lower this bar, forgetting that those who do not value their past have no future.

On the fact of the arson and terror of Zoya in the conditions of the Second World War, I believe that all means are good against the invader. And, even terror with losses among its own population.

P.S. This post was written from the TOR network, due to the natural idiocy of my hoster, who banned me from my own blog. Please do not judge strictly for spelling and other errors. Editing html with TOR is still something to do.. The post was inspired by the heated discussions of the article on Facebook.

A huge amount of data has accumulated in the mine of science. From them theories were born, which were refined, improved, changed. But often remained in the mass consciousness as myths. We will dispel some of these myths now.

(Total 20 photos)

Most diamonds are not formed from compacted coal. They are "born" at a depth of about 150 km, and coal deposits are usually located at a depth of about three kilometers.

Bats are not blind. Yes, they navigate in space with the help of echolocation, but at the same time they see quite well.

Blondes and redheads will not disappear over time. Recessive genes that are responsible for hair color can be passed down from generation to generation and through non-blonds and non-redheads.

Hair and nails do not continue to grow after death. This impression arises from the fact that the skin of a deceased person shrinks.

It is impossible to determine by the color of the snot whether a bacterial disease or a viral one. The color of this substance can vary from transparent yellow to deep green in patients with a wide variety of diseases.

Pure water is not a very good conductor of electricity. The reason a person can get an electric shock through water is because it contains minerals, dirt and other particles that conduct electricity.

You can't catch a wart from frogs and toads, but shaking hands with a person who has warts is very possible. Warts in humans are caused by papillomavirus, which only affects humans.

Ostriches do not hide their heads in the sand, even when they are scared. If they sense danger, they tend to fall to the ground and pretend to be dead.

From the lack of oxygen, the blood does not turn blue - on the contrary, it acquires a darker red color. The veins just appear blue through the skin.

Sugar doesn't make kids hyperactive. Several studies have found that the activity of children was the same when consuming sugar-free and sugar-free soda.

Clicking your knuckles can irritate your co-workers, but you won't get arthritis. The real causes of osteoarthritis are age, injury, excess weight, and genetic predisposition.

Just because a product is natural doesn't mean it doesn't contain pesticides. However, the levels of pesticides in both organic and non-organic food are too low to be concerned about (at least that's what the ministry says). Agriculture USA).

Stress does not play a big role in the development of chronic hypertension. Severe stress can cause a temporary increase in blood pressure, but in general it does not happen. main reason hypertension. Genetics, smoking and malnutrition play a much larger role.

Lightning can strike the same place twice. It hits some tall buildings up to 100 times a year.

Lemmings don't commit mass suicide. However, during periods of migration, they do occasionally fall off rocks if the area is unfamiliar to them.

A person is not born with all the convolutions that he possesses in adulthood. There is evidence that, at least in several parts of the brain, the process of formation of nervous tissue continues into adulthood.

Many people call the one in this picture a brontosaurus - even Michael Crichton in Jurassic Park. It's actually an Apatosaurus. The myth of the brontosaurus was born 130 years ago, during the so-called "Bone Wars", when two paleontologists used any means in rivalry in the search for fossils.

One gene is not the same as one protein. Many genes make many different proteins, depending on how the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the gene is located in the cell. Some genes do not form proteins at all.

Goldfish have a pretty good memory. They can remember certain things for several months.