The schedule of the movement of workers on the object. Construction of a schedule of movement of construction machines and mechanisms

Based calendar plan the production of works on the object, graphs are drawn up of the change in the required number of workers over time, both for individual professions, and general or consolidated for all professions.

The schedule of the movement of workers in a particular profession characterizes the uniformity of the workload of workers of this profession at the facility. Let us assume that the schedule for the movement of workers in a given profession, drawn up on the basis of a calendar plan, has the form shown in Fig. 12, a. An unequal number of workers in this profession, employed at different periods of time, will lead to the need to transfer part of the workers for some time from one site to another, and then to their return, which will cause loss of working time. In this case, it is necessary to redraw the calendar plan for the production of work at the facility, achieving a uniform movement of workers in this profession, as shown in Fig. 12b.

Rice. 12. Schedules of the movement of workers for individual professions

a - initial; b - adjusted

The uniformity of the movement of workers in the master schedule ensures the continuous and uniform use of work teams and creates conditions for reducing the cost of economic and administrative services for workers.

On fig. 13 shows the summary charts of the movement of workers of different professions. The schedule (see Fig. 13, a), which provides for an increase in the number of workers, and the schedule that reflects their decrease for a short period of time (see Fig. 13, b), are unacceptable.

Worker service facilities - dressing rooms, showers, etc. - are calculated according to the maximum number of workers, although they will be fully used only for a relatively short period of time, and this increases the cost of construction.

The recommended view of the summary schedule of the movement of workers is shown in fig. 13, e. The longer the time interval on the graph with a constant number of employed workers (in relation to the total duration of work), the more correct the summary schedule should be considered.

An objective indicator of the quality of the consolidated schedule of movement of workers is the coefficient of uneven movement of workers K, which is characterized by the ratio of the maximum number of workers Amax to the average number of workers Aavern for the entire construction period (Fig. 13, c):

To determine the average number of workers, it is necessary to know the total number of man-days spent on the construction of the facility, as well as the construction period T:

The value of K should be as small as possible; in practice, when erecting individual objects and with a correctly drawn up calendar plan, its value should not be more than 1.5. With a larger value of K, the schedule of the object must be reviewed and an opportunity should be found to reduce the value of this coefficient.

Correction of work schedules at the facility

Correction of the calendar plans for the production of works at the facilities is carried out:

in the process of its preparation, when the original plan does not meet the existing restrictions on available production resources, time and other parameters;

in the course of the process of erecting buildings and structures, when there are deviations in the implementation of the schedule for various reasons.

One of the indicators characterizing the quality of the prepared schedule for the production of work at the facility is the uniformity of the need for workers. To do this, draw up a schedule for the need for workers for the entire period of construction according to Fig.3.

The calendar plan for the production of works is recognized as satisfactory if the coefficient of uneven use of workers, equal to the ratio of their number in the period of maximum demand to the average number for the entire period of construction, is less than 1.4 ... 1.5.

The average number of workers on the object is determined by dividing the total labor intensity of the work on the object by the duration of its construction according to the calendar plan. If the coefficient of uneven demand for workers is more than 1.5, then the work schedule is revised towards a more even use of workers throughout the entire construction period.

Other circumstances that make it necessary to adjust the work schedule at the facility during its development may include restrictions on the supply of building structures, products and materials, restrictions on the availability or possibility of leasing or hiring the relevant construction machines, lack of workers in general and relevant specialties, non-compliance with the contract or planned construction period, etc. Correction of the calendar plan in this case consists in changing and searching for an acceptable variant of the calendar schedule of work that satisfies the indicated restrictions.

The reasons for adjusting the calendar plan for the production of works in the process of erecting buildings and structures, as a rule, are deviations in its implementation over time due to various reasons, including the reasons for the failure of the planned deadlines for the supply of building structures, products and materials to the construction site, the occurrence of significant unforeseen works, etc. When adjusting the schedule, in this case, they reduce and change the deadlines for the completion of work, and introduce new work into the schedule.

Fig.3. Schedule options for the required number of workers: a, b - initial; c - improved

Goals:

1. It is developed in order to obtain initial data for calculating the elements of the construction plan (temporary buildings, water supply are calculated according to the maximum number of workers per day or per shift);

2. Calculated to assess the quality of the schedule.

The schedule of the movement of workers (GDR) is built on the same time scale as the calendar plan (KP).

Fig.41. Worker movement schedule

The schedule of the movement of workers is built for work performed in one shift or per day.

Coefficient of uneven movement of workers:

where N max - maximum number of workers;

N cp - the average number of workers.

If different jobs are performed in a different number of shifts per day, it is necessary to calculate two N cf:

and

On the graph of the movement of workers, "peaks" are undesirable, because:

1) they testify to the irrational use of temporary amenity premises;

2) they testify to the irrational use of work fronts.

From a theoretical point of view, there are several types of work schedules:

Fig.42. Example 1

"+": a gradual increase in workers at the facility contributes to a better organization of work, the provision of materials, equipment at construction site.

"-": buildings and structures are irrationally used.

Fig.43. Example 2

"+": temporary buildings are not idle.

"-": it is difficult to ensure the workload of all workers at the same time.

Fig.44. Example 3

To this species graphics need to strive, because. it is optimal. However, go is difficult to implement.

Optimization of the CP in order to reduce the coefficient of unevenness K n on the GDR can be carried out by:

1) changes in the intensity of work, i.e. increase or decrease in the number of workers in the team;

2) due to a conscious shift in start dates certain types works;

3) adjustment is possible due to unaccounted for and other works.

Fig.45. GDR adjustment for unaccounted for and other work

DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTION MASTER PLANS (CGP)

Types of SGP:

1. As part of the POS, a general site SGP on a scale of 1:500.

2. If the elements of the construction industry are located outside the construction site, a situational plan (1:5000, 1:2000);

3. As part of the PPR, a object stroygenplan (1:200), as a rule, for the preparatory and main periods.

In general, the SGP is a plan safe organization construction site, which shows existing buildings, structures, communications, roads (existing, designed, being built, temporary), storage facilities, electrical facilities and other elements of the construction site.

Principles SGP development:

1) SGP solutions must meet the requirements of the production of construction and installation works and provide for the domestic needs of builders;

2) The decisions of the SGP must be rational.

a) maximum use of inventory buildings, structures, devices;

b) the length of temporary roads, communications should be minimal;

c) provide for the possibility of using an auxiliary building and structure for construction needs;

d) use temporary roads along the route of permanent ones, etc.;

3) SGP solutions must meet the requirements of the standards (safety, industrial sanitation).

Worker movement schedule at the construction site - a special schedule that is developed in order to understand the real number of people,

working at the construction site, it is necessary to pay attention to the calendar plan and take the number of working people down the columns.

For example, one day simultaneously roofing and Finishing work, which means that it is necessary to add the number of people employed in the first and second jobs. These amounts must be clearly displayed. For this, there is work schedule at the construction site.

When compiling it, you must be guided by the following rules. Firstly, it is important to correctly draw up a calendar plan to eliminate jumps in the schedule of movement of workers. Secondly, it is necessary to review the smooth start and completion of construction. The correctness of the calendar plan is checked by identifying the maximum and average number of people involved in construction for the entire period.

If a work schedule compiled incorrectly, the coefficients will reveal this. Thanks to the work schedule, you can see how many workers are involved on a given day. It is also taken into account when

First of all, a graph of the need for the estimated (attendance) number of workers per day is built. Estimated the number of workers per day is the total number of workers that must go out to fulfill the stipulated network diagram work in each of the scheduled shifts of the day (days) in question.

Then a graph of the need for the estimated number of workers is built for each shift. The construction of the schedule is carried out by adding the number of workers employed in the performance of work during the corresponding shifts on each of the working days.

Taking into account the fact that workers can get sick, take absenteeism, perform any duties with the permission of the administration, go on vacation, etc., additionally it is necessary to build list requirement schedule in labor resources. The list number is the number of workers that should be hired so that, taking into account the reasons for absenteeism listed above, there is an estimated number of workers every day. Based on the fact that absenteeism for various reasons can be 10-20%, respectively, the number of workers on the payroll per day should be higher by this amount.

In practice, the relevant specialists of the organization must keep a quantitative record of the loss of working time, analyze the causes of these losses, and develop measures to reduce such losses and, accordingly, increase production efficiency.

The purpose of the charts is as follows:

On schedule payroll recruitment is underway;

For the maximum number, the area of ​​the corresponding temporary structures is calculated;

According to the corresponding graphs, it is possible to assess the degree of sufficiency labor resources and take measures in advance to eliminate a possible shortage of workers (schedule optimization).

In real conditions, the distribution and consolidation of the working teams in shifts is carried out based on the specifics of the technology for performing work, the urgency of their implementation, the sufficiency of the scope of work and other factors. The first (day) shift is the most convenient, as it does not require artificial lighting, all household infrastructure works ( public transport, enterprises Catering, shops, etc.). At the same time, night shifts require organizing the delivery of people, providing food, additional costs for labor protection, maintenance of mechanisms, and lighting. Night time objectively affects the slowdown in work.

Thus, the first shift is the most convenient and, as a rule, with 3-shift work, 40-50% of the team is put on the first shift, 20-30% on the second, and 15-20% on the third. With this in mind, it is desirable to build respectively traffic graphs work force for each shift separately (on the 1st, on the 2nd and on the 3rd). With such a distribution of the number of workers in the team by shifts, the schedules for the movement of labor resources will more accurately reflect the real situation and, accordingly, will allow for a competent calculation of the area of ​​temporary structures.

The assessment of the schedule of movement of workers at the facility is carried out according to the coefficient of uneven movement of the labor force (K).

where: - the maximum estimated number of workers per day,

is the average number of workers per day.

,

where: - total labor intensity construction works in man-days,

is the length of the critical path in days.

The physical meaning of the value of the unevenness coefficient is as follows. The lower the value of the coefficient, the longer the period of time at the construction site will be the maximum number of workers performing the work provided for by the KP. This, in turn, will indicate that temporary structures will be used to the maximum for their intended purpose during this time.

How more value coefficient, the shorter the site with the maximum number of workers on the graph of the movement of workers. And this, in turn, will lead to the fact that the amenity premises, designed for such a maximum number, will not be used for their intended purpose by 100%. The permissible value of the coefficient of uneven movement of the labor force is 1.5-1.75.

At the same time, it should be noted that in cases where each brigade will have mobile temporary structures assigned to it, which will move simultaneously with the brigade from one object to another, this coefficient may not be determined, as it will lose its value.

To organize the recruitment of workers, in addition to the total number of workers on the payroll, it is necessary to know the required number for the relevant specialties and qualifications in order to ensure that the average category of the formed team of workers corresponds to the category of complexity of work.

After drawing up the construction schedule, schedules for the movement of workers are drawn under it (table 9), delivery of building structures, products, materials and equipment to the facility (table 10) and the movement of the main construction machines around the facility (table 11). In an effort to draw up a uniform schedule for the movement of workers, it is forbidden to violate the technology of construction production, processes, as well as safety regulations. If the schedule does not meet the above requirements, it is subject to adjustment, while changing the timing of the work or the number of workers according to individual works. Graphs are linear, the main specialties, materials, machines are accepted.

Table 9

Table 10

Schedule of delivery to the object of building structures, products,

materials and equipment

Schedule of movement of the main construction machines on the object

Table 11

Determining the need for basic building structures, materials and products. Determination of the need for an object is made on the basis of a bill of quantities (table 5), taking into account the consumption of structures, materials or products according to the norms per unit of work in accordance with RESN or other norms, taking into account the calculations performed.

The data are entered into the statement of need for building structures, products and materials (Table 12).

Table 12

The need for building structures, products and materials

5.2.5. Technical and economic indicators according to the calendar plan

Duration of construction, year, month;

Total labor intensity of work, man-days;

The labor intensity of erection per 1 m 3 of the building, man-days / m 3

q= Q about /Q

where Q- construction volume of the building, m 3

Q about - total labor intensity of work on the facility, man-days.

Labor productivity,%

The coefficient of uneven movement of workers, K p

The coefficient of uneven movement of workers is determined by the ratio of the maximum number of workers according to the calendar schedule to the average per day and should not exceed 1.5-2.

To n = N max / N Wed , N Wed = Q about /T etc

Coefficient of combination of processes, K s

To with =  T with /T etc

where T c is the total duration of all construction processes, if they were performed sequentially,

T pr - the duration of the construction of the facility according to the schedule of days;