home Exchange rates WRC reception for publication in ebs spbget "leti". Designing a squirrel-cage induction motor Designing a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor

WRC reception for publication in ebs spbget "leti". Designing a squirrel-cage induction motor Designing a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor

COURSE PROJECT

in the discipline "Electrical Machines"

DESIGN OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A SQUIRT-CLOSE ROTOR

Explanatory note

annotation

The explanatory note to the course project in the discipline "Electromechanics" presents the electromagnetic, thermal and ventilation calculation of a six-pole three-phase asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor with a net power of 2.2 kW for a mains voltage of 220/380 V.

The calculation of the asynchronous motor was carried out manually and using a computer. As a result of the engine design, a design variant was obtained that meets the requirements of the terms of reference.

For the designed asynchronous motor, a mechanical calculation of the shaft was made and bearings were selected. The dimensions of the engine structural elements are determined.

The explanatory note contains 63 sheets of typewritten text, including 4 figures, 2 tables and a list of references from 3 titles.

Introduction……………………………………………………………….…………....5

1 Choice of main dimensions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2 Determination of the parameters of the stator, calculation of the winding and dimensions of the tooth zone of the stator ……………………………………………………………………………..….9

3 Air gap selection………………………………………………………….17

4 Calculation of a squirrel-cage rotor……………….....………………………..18

5 Calculation of the magnetic circuit……………………………….………………………...22

6 Operating mode parameters…………………………………………………..27

7 Calculation of power losses in idle mode….…..…………………...34

8 Performance calculation………………………………………….…..…38

9 Calculation of starting characteristics…………………………………………….....45

10 Thermal and ventilation calculation………………………………………..…..55

11 Engine design…………………………………………………..60

Conclusion…………………………………………….…………………………….62

List of sources used...…………………………………..............63

Introduction

Asynchronous motors are the main motors in electric drives of almost all industrial enterprises. In the USSR, the output of asynchronous motors exceeded 10 million units per year. The most common motors for rated voltage up to 660 V, the total installed power of which is about 200 million kW.

4A series engines were produced in mass quantities in the 80s of the XX century and are currently in operation, in almost all industrial enterprises Russia. The series covers a power range from 0.6 to 400 kW and is built in 17 standard shaft heights from 50 to 355 mm. The series includes the basic version of engines, a number of modifications and specialized versions. Basic design motors are designed for normal operating conditions and are general purpose motors. These are three-phase asynchronous motors with a squirrel-cage rotor, designed for a mains frequency of 50 Hz. They are designed according to the degree of protection IP44 in the entire range of heights of the axis of rotation and IP23 in the range of heights of the axis of rotation 160…355 mm.

Modifications and specialized versions of engines are built on the basis of the main version and have the same fundamental design solutions for the main elements. Such motors are produced in separate sections of the series at certain heights of the axis of rotation, and are intended for use as drives for mechanisms that impose specific requirements on the motor or operate in conditions that are different from normal in terms of temperature or cleanliness. environment.

Electrical modifications of 4A series motors include motors with increased rated slip, increased starting torque, multi-speed, power frequency 60 Hz. Design modifications include motors with a phase rotor, with built-in electromagnetic brake, low noise, with built-in temperature protection.

According to environmental conditions, there are modifications of engines of tropical design, moisture-resistant, chemical-resistant, dust-proof and agricultural.

Lift motors, frequency-controlled, high-precision, have a specialized design.

Most of the motors of the 4A series have a degree of protection IP44 and are produced in a design related to the IM1 group, i.e. with a horizontal shaft, on feet, with two end shields. The engine housing is made with longitudinal radial ribs, which increase the cooling surface and improve heat removal from the engine to the surrounding air. At the opposite end of the shaft from the working end, a fan is mounted, which drives the cooling air along the ribs of the housing. The fan is closed by a casing with holes for air passage.

The magnetic core of the motors is laminated from sheets of electrical steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and motors with h = 50 ... 250 mm are made of steel grade 2013, and motors with h = 280 ...

In all engines of the series with h< 280 мм и в двигателях с 2p = 10 и 12 всех высот оси вращения обмотка статора выполнена из круглого провода и пазы статора полузакрытые. При h = 280…355 мм, кроме двигателей с 2p = 10 и 12, катушки обмотки статора намотаны прямоугольным проводом, подразделенные и пазы статора полуоткрытые.

The winding of the squirrel-cage rotor blades and rings are cast aluminum. Ventilation blades on the rotor rings serve to move the air inside the machine.

Bearing shields are attached to the housing with four or six bolts.

The terminal box is located on top of the frame, which makes it easier installation work when connecting the motor to the mains.

1 Choice of main dimensions

Based on the requirements of the technical specifications sheet, we select the 4А100S6У3 series engine according to Appendix A /1/ as the base one, IP54 protection rating, ICO141 cooling method, IM1001 design. Engine power 2.2 kW, 2p = 6, f = 60 Hz, U 1n = 230/400 V.

Base motor rating:

; ; η= 81%; ; h = 100 mm.

Based on the height of the axis of rotation, we select the outer diameter of the stator core according to table 2.1 /1/.

Diameter value inner surface stator is determined by the outer diameter of the stator core, and the coefficient k d, equal to the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer. Coefficient value k d depending on the number of poles, we select from table 2.2 in advance k d =0,70 .

Stator inner diameter:

where k d is the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the stator core;

D \u003d 0.70 0.168 \u003d 0.118m.

Pole division:

where p is the number of pairs of poles;

Estimated machine power:

where is the power on the motor shaft;

The ratio of the EMF of the stator winding to the rated voltage, we accept = 0.948;

Coefficient useful action engine;

Power factor;

We pre-accept electromagnetic loads:

A \u003d 25 10 3 A / m; B δ = 0.88 T.

The winding coefficient is preliminary for a single-layer winding kob = 0.96.

Field Shape Factor:

Estimated length of the machine, m:

Magnetic induction in the air gap, T;

The relationship lies in acceptable limits.

2 Determination of the number of slots and type of stator winding, calculation of the winding and dimensions of the stator tooth zone

Determining the size of the tooth zone of the stator begins with the choice of the number of slots Z 1 . The number of stator slots ambiguously affects the technical economic indicators cars. If you increase the number of stator slots, then the shape of the EMF curve and the distribution of magnetic field in the air gap. At the same time, the width of the groove and tooth decreases, which leads to a decrease in the filling factor of the groove with copper, and in machines of low power it can lead to an unacceptable decrease in the mechanical strength of the teeth. An increase in the number of stator slots increases the complexity of winding work, increasing the complexity of dies, and their durability decreases.

Choosing the number of stator slots according to Fig.3.1 /1/ we determine the boundary values of the tooth division t z 1 max = 0.012 m; t z 1 min \u003d 0.008 m.

Number of stator slots:

where - the minimum value of the tooth division of the stator, m;

The maximum value of the tooth division of the stator, m;

From the resulting range of values, select the number of stator slots

Number of slots per pole and phase:

where m is the number of phases;

The tooth division of the stator is final:

Rated stator winding current:

where is the rated voltage of the motor, V;

Number of effective conductors in a slot:

We accept the number of parallel branches a \u003d 1, then U p \u003d 48 because. winding is single layer.

Number of turns per phase:

We choose a single-layer concentric winding. The stator winding is carried out in bulk from a wire of round cross section.

Distribution coefficient:

Winding ratio:

k ob1 =k y ∙k p ; (2.9)

where k y is the shortening factor of the stator winding pitch, k y =1;

k ob1 =1∙0.966=0.966

The winding diagram is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Scheme of a single-layer three-phase winding with z 1 =36, m 1 =3, 2p=6, a 1 =1, q 1 =2.

Magnetic flux in the air gap of the machine:

Refined magnetic induction in the air gap:

Previously, for D a \u003d 0.168 m, we accept \u003d 182 10 9.

Current density in the stator winding:

where is the product of the linear load and the current density, ;

Cross-sectional area of effective conductor pre:

We accept a winding wire of the PETV brand: d el \u003d 0.95 mm, d of \u003d 1.016 mm, q el \u003d 0.706 mm 2.

We accept in advance for 2p = 6 B’ z 1 = 1.9 T; B 'a \u003d 1.55 T.

According to table 3.2 /1/ for oxidized steel grade 2013 we accept.

Preliminary stator tooth width:

where is the filling factor of the package with steel;

Preliminary value of stator yoke height:

We take the dimensions of the groove in the stamp b w = 3.0 mm; h w =0.5 mm; β = 45˚.

Preliminary value of the height of the stator slot:

Stator slot dimensions:

where is the slot height, m;

- slot width, m;

The corrected value of the height of the stator slot:

We accept = 0.1 mm and = 0.2 mm.

Groove dimensions in the clear, taking into account the assembly allowance:

where - allowance for the width of the groove, m.

where - height allowance, mm;

Cross-sectional area of slot insulation:

where is the thickness of the insulation, mm;

S out \u003d 0.25 ∙ 10 -3 ∙ (2 ∙ 1.37 ∙ 10 -2 + 7.8 ∙ 10 -3 + 5.9 ∙ 10 - 3) \u003d 1.032 ∙ 10 -5 m 2.

Free area of the groove, :

The criterion for evaluating the results of choosing the dimensions of the groove is the value of the fill factor of the free area of the groove with a winding wire:

where is the average value of the diameter of the insulated wire, mm;

The obtained value of the fill factor is acceptable for mechanized laying of the winding.

Corrected tooth width value:

Average stator tooth width:

Calculated value of stator tooth width:

Estimated stator tooth height:

The corrected value of the height of the stator yoke:

3 Air gap selection

For motors with a power of less than 20 kW, the size of the air gap is found by formula 3.1.

Let's round the values up to 0.05 mm δ=0.35 mm.

4 Calculation of a squirrel-cage rotor

For 2p = 6 and Z 1 = 36 we choose the number of rotor slots Z 2 = 28.

Rotor outer diameter:

D 2 \u003d 0.118 - 2 ∙ 0.35 ∙ 10 -3 \u003d 0.1173 m.

Tooth division of the rotor:

For 2p = 6 and h = 100 mm, we take K B = 0.23.

Because we have 2.2 kW< 100 кВт, то сердечник ротора непосредственно насаивают на вал без промежуточной втулки. Применим горячую посадку сердечника на гладкий вал без шпонки.

With this design of the rotor, the inner diameter of the magnetic circuit is equal to the diameter of the shaft, m:

Rotor inner diameter:

d in \u003d 0.23 0.168 \u003d 0.0386 m.

Current reduction factor:

where is the bevel ratio of the grooves;

Bevel value: b sk \u003d t 1 \u003d 0.01.

The bevel of the grooves in the fractions of the tooth division of the rotor:

The central angle of the bevel of the grooves:

Bevel ratio:

Preliminary value of current in the rotor winding:

The current density in the rods of the rotor winding is assumed to be J 2 = 3.05∙10 6 A/m 2 .

Cross-sectional area of the rod:

q c \u003d 255.12 / 3.05 10 6 \u003d 8.36 10 -5 m 2.

For the rotor, choose half-closed slots.

Dimensions of the groove in the stamp: accept b w =1 mm; h w2 = 0.5 mm.

For 2p = 6; Bz2 = 1.8 T

Rotor slot dimensions:

where is the slot height, m;

Jumper height above the groove, m;

Accept b 21 = 5.8∙10 -3 m, b 22 = 1.6∙10 -3 m;

Refined stubble section:

Groove height, mm:

We specify the width of the teeth of the rotor:

Estimated tooth width:

Squirrel-cage ring current:

Ring cross-sectional area:

Average ring height:

Width of the shorting ring:

Average ring diameter:

5 Calculation of the magnetic circuit

The calculation of the magnetic circuit of an induction motor is carried out for the nominal operating mode in order to determine the total magnetizing force necessary to create a working magnetic flux in the air gap.

The magnetic circuit of the machine is divided into five characteristic sections: the air gap, the teeth of the stator and rotor, the yoke of the stator and rotor. It is believed that within each of the sections, magnetic induction has one most characteristic direction. For each section of the magnetic circuit, the magnetic induction is determined, the value of which determines the magnetic field strength. According to the value of the magnetic field strength in the sections of the magnetic circuit and the length of the field line of force corresponding to the section, the magnetizing force is determined. The required magnetizing force is determined as the sum of the magnetizing forces of all sections of the magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit of the machine is considered symmetrical, so the calculation of the magnetizing force is performed for one pair of poles.

Coefficient taking into account the increase in the magnetic resistance of the air gap due to the gear structure of the stator surface:

Coefficient taking into account the increase in the magnetic resistance of the air gap due to the gear structure of the rotor:

Resulting air gap factor:

Air gap magnetic voltage:

Estimated induction in stator teeth:

Estimated induction in the teeth of the rotor:

We choose steel grade - 2013. For 1.88 T we take H z1 \u003d 1970 A / m, for 1.79 T we take H z2 \u003d 1480 A / m.

Magnetic tension of the tooth zones:

Tooth zone saturation factor:

The obtained value of the saturation coefficient of the tooth zone is within acceptable limits.

Induction in the stator yoke:

Rotor yoke height:

Because 2p=6, then the calculated height of the rotor yoke h’ a 2 = h a 2 .

For 1 \u003d 1.56 T, we take H a 1 \u003d 654 A / m; for 2 \u003d 1.06 T we take H a 2 \u003d 206 A / m.

The length of the magnetic field line in the yoke of the stator and rotor:

Stator yoke magnetic voltage:

where is the field strength in the stator yoke, A/m;

Magnetic voltage per pair of poles:

Magnetic circuit saturation factor:

Magnetizing current:

Relative value of magnetizing current:

Main inductive reactance:

where E= k e Unf\u003d 0.948 ∙ 230 \u003d 218.04 V;

Main inductive reactance in relative units:

6 Operating mode parameters

6.1 Active resistances of the rotor and stator windings

Average stator coil width:

where is the shortening of the stator winding pitch;

For a random winding placed in the grooves before the core is pressed into the housing, we take B= 0.01 m.

For 2p = 6 we accept,

Departure of the frontal part of the stator winding:

The length of the frontal part of the stator winding:

Average length of the stator winding:

For the stator winding made of copper conductors, and the design temperature, we take

Active resistance of the stator winding:

where is the specific resistance of the winding material at the design temperature, ;

For a squirrel-cage rotor made of aluminum and the design temperature, we take

Active resistance of the rotor winding rod:

where k r- coefficient of increase in the active resistance of the rod due to current displacement, we accept k r=1 ;

lct= l 2- rod length;

Resistance of the section of the closing ring enclosed between two adjacent rods:

Rotor phase resistance:

The active resistance of the phase of the aluminum winding of the rotor, reduced to the number of turns of the stator winding:

where is the coefficient of reduction of the resistance of the rotor winding to the stator winding;

6.2 Leakage reactances of an induction motor

Relative winding pitch β=1, kβ = k'β = 1.

Coefficient of magnetic conductivity of slot leakage of stator windings:

Frontal scattering coefficient:

For the selected stator slot configuration:

where is the bevel of the grooves, expressed in fractions of the tooth division of the rotor, β sc =0.76;

k'sk- coefficient depending on t 2 / t 1 and β sc, accept k'sk = 1,85;

Stator winding phase inductance:

Coefficient of specific magnetic conductivity of slot leakage of a squirrel-cage rotor:

where is the conductivity coefficient;

h'sh2= 0;

The coefficient of specific magnetic conductivity of the frontal scattering of the short-circuited rotor winding:

Coefficient of specific magnetic conductivity of differential scattering of the squirrel-cage rotor winding:

Leakage inductance of the rotor winding:

Leakage inductance of the rotor winding, reduced to the number of turns of the stator:

Basic resistance:

Parameters of an asynchronous motor in relative units:

Coefficient for taking into account the influence of the bevel of the grooves:

Leakage inductance of the machine considering the beveled slots:

Corrected coefficient value k e:

Difference between k e and k’ e, (k e - k’ e )%=((0,948-0,938)/0,948)∙100%=1,1 %.

7 Calculation of idle power losses

Weight of stator teeth steel:

Stator yoke steel weight:

For steel 2013 we accept.

For machines with a power of less than 250 kW, they accept.

The main losses in the back of the stator:

where - specific losses in steel, W / kg;

The main losses in the stator teeth:

The main losses in the stator steel:

We accept k 01 \u003d 1.6, k 02 \u003d 1.6.

The amplitude of the induction pulsation in the air gap above the crowns of the teeth:

Surface losses on the stator:

k01- coefficient taking into account the effect of surface treatment of stator teeth heads on specific losses;

Surface losses on the rotor:

k02- coefficient taking into account the effect of surface treatment of the rotor teeth heads on specific losses;

Weight of rotor teeth steel:

The amplitude of the pulsations of the average values of the magnetic induction in the teeth:

Ripple power losses in stator teeth:

Ripple losses in rotor teeth:

General additional losses in steel:

Total power loss in steel:

Mechanical losses:

where kfur- coefficient of friction, for engines with 2p=6

Electrical losses in the stator winding at idle:

The active component of the no-load current of the engine:

No-load current:

Idle power factor:

8 Performance calculation

The calculation of performance is made according to the equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor, shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor

Stator dissipation factor:

Estimated values of the equivalent circuit parameters:

The short circuit resistances are:

Additional losses:

Mechanical power on the motor shaft:

Equivalent Circuit Resistances:

The impedance of the working circuit of the equivalent circuit:

Rated slip:

Rated rotor speed:

Active and reactive components of the stator current with synchronous

rotor rotation:

Rated rotor current:

Active and reactive components of the stator current:

Phase stator current:

Power factor:

Power losses in the stator and rotor windings:

Total power loss in the engine:

Power consumption:

Efficiency:

We calculate performance characteristics for power: 0.25∙R 2n; 0.5∙R 2n; 0.75∙R 2n 0.9∙R 2n; 1.0∙P 2n; 1.25∙R 2n. The calculation results are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 - Engine performance

	Estimated values	Power R 2, Tue.
	Estimated values

	R ext, Tue.
	R’ 2 ,Tue.
	Rn,Ohm.
	Zn,Ohm.
	sn, o.u.
	I 2'', A.
	I 1a, A.
Table 1 continued

	I 1p, A.
	I 1, A.

	R sum, Tue.
	R 1, Tue.
	η , o.u.
	n, rpm

Figure 3 - Performance characteristics of the designed engine

9 Calculation of starting characteristics

The height of the rod in the groove of the rotor:

Reduced rod height:

For accept, .

Depth of current penetration into the rod:

The width of the rotor slot at the calculated depth of current penetration into the rod:

The cross-sectional area of the rod at the calculated current penetration depth:

Estimated coefficient of increase in the resistance of the rod:

The coefficient of increase in the active resistance of the phase of the rotor winding as a result of the current displacement effect:

The reduced rotor resistance, taking into account the influence of the current displacement effect:

Decrease in the magnetic conductivity of slot leakage:

The coefficient of change in the inductive resistance of the phase of the rotor winding from the effect of the current displacement effect:

The value of the inductive leakage resistance of the rotor winding, reduced to the stator winding, taking into account the effect of current displacement:

Stator dissipation factor in start mode:

Stator resistance coefficient:

Parameters of equivalent circuit in start mode:

Starting impedance:

The preliminary value of the rotor current at start-up, taking into account the effect of saturation:

where K n- saturation coefficient, preliminarily take K n=1,6;

Estimated magnetizing force of the stator and rotor slots:

Equivalent slot opening:

Decrease in slot leakage conductance:

where ∆ bw1= b 12 - bw1=2.735 mm;

Coefficient of magnetic conductivity of slot scattering:

Coefficient of specific magnetic conductivity of differential scattering:

Estimated leakage inductive resistance of the stator winding:

Estimated leakage inductance of the rotor winding, reduced to the stator winding, taking into account current saturation and displacement:

Start-up resistance including saturation and displacement:

Estimated rotor current at start:

Active and reactive components of the stator current at start-up:

Stator current at start:

Multiplicity of starting current:

Starting torque:

Starting torque ratio:

We calculate the starting characteristics for sliding s= 1; 0.8; 0.6; 0.4; 0.2; 0.1. The calculation results are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2 - Estimated starting characteristics.

	Estimated magnitude	Slip
	Estimated magnitude



	φ ’
	h r ,m.
	br, m.
	q r, m 2.


	r' 2ξ, Ohm.
	r” 2ξ, Ohm.
	Z nξ, Ohm.
	I” 2n, A.
	I” 2nn, A.
	F n, H.
	∆ bw2, mm.
	∆λ n1
	∆λ n2
	λ n1.n
Continuation of table 2

	λ n2ξ.n
	λ d1.n
	λ d 2 . n
	x” 1n, Ohm.
	x"2ξn, Ohm.
	R n, Ohm.
	Xn, Ohm.
	Z nξ.n, Ohm.
	I” 2nn, A.
	I n.a . , A.
	I n.R . , A.
	I 1 n, A.

	Mn, N∙m.

Figure 4 - Starting characteristics of the designed engine

The designed asynchronous motor satisfies the requirements of GOST both in terms of energy indicators (efficiency and) and starting characteristics.

10 Thermal and ventilation calculation of an asynchronous motor

For windings with insulation of heat resistance class B, we take kp=1.15.

Electrical losses in the slot part of the stator winding:

where is the coefficient of increase in losses;

Electrical losses in the frontal part of the stator winding:

Estimated perimeter of the cross section of the stator groove:

For insulation of heat resistance class B, we accept. accept.

Temperature difference in the insulation of the slot part of the stator winding:

where is the average equivalent thermal conductivity of the slot insulation;

The average value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the internal insulation of the coil of a loose winding made of enameled conductors, taking into account the leakage of the conductors to each other;

For 2p = 6 we take K = 0.19. For accept.

Exceeding the temperature of the inner surface of the stator core over the air temperature inside the engine:

where K- coefficient taking into account that part of the losses in the stator core and in the slot part of the winding is transmitted through the frame directly to the environment;

Heat transfer coefficient from the surface;

Temperature drop across the thickness of the insulation of the frontal parts:

where bfrom.l- one-sided insulation thickness of the frontal part of one coil;

Exceeding the temperature of the outer surface of the frontal parts over the air temperature inside the engine:

The average temperature rise of the stator winding over the air temperature inside the motor:

For h= 100 mm. accept. For accept.

Equivalent chassis cooling surface:

where is the conditional perimeter of the cross-section of the ribs of the engine housing;

The sum of losses in the engine:

The sum of losses discharged into the air inside the engine:

The excess of the air temperature inside the engine over the ambient temperature:

Average value of the temperature rise of the stator winding over the ambient temperature:

For engines with and h=100 mm. accept.

Coefficient that takes into account changes in cooling conditions along the length of the case surface blown by an external fan:

Required airflow for cooling:

Air flow provided by an outdoor fan:

The fan provides the necessary air flow.

11 Engine design

Simultaneously with the rods and end rings, ventilation blades are cast, bl=3 mm., Nl=9 pcs, ll=30 mm., hl=15mm..

The bed is made of aluminum alloy with longitudinally transverse ribs, bst=4 mm.. Molded output device on top.

Rib height:

Number of ribs per quarter of the stator surface:

The output device of the machine consists of a closed terminal box with an insulating terminal board located in it. The terminal box is equipped with a device for fastening the input wires.

For external blowing of the housing, a radial centrifugal fan is used, located at the end of the shaft on the side opposite to the drive. The fan is covered with a casing. The casing from the end is equipped with a grill for air inlet. The fan and casing are made of plastic. The fan is mounted on a key.

Fan outer diameter:

where Dcorp = D a+2∙ bst\u003d 0.168 + 2 4 10 -3 \u003d 0.176 m. ;

Fan Blade Width:

Number of fan blades:

Permanently transmitted moment:

According to the moment obtained, we select the dimensions of the shaft: d 1 =24 mm.; l 1 =50mm.; b 1 =8 mm.; h 1 =7 mm.; t=4.0 mm.; d 2 =25 mm.; d 3 =32 mm..

According to the selected diameter for the shaft bearing d 2 =25 mm, Bearing 180605 is adopted.

Conclusion

The result of the electromagnetic calculation performed is the designed asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor that meets the requirements of GOST both in terms of energy indicators (efficiency and) and in terms of starting characteristics.

The thermal calculation showed that the external fan provides the necessary normal cooling air flow.

When designing, the material of the bed, aluminum alloy, was chosen. The frame is made with longitudinal-transverse ribbing. The dimensions of the shaft are calculated using the continuously transmitted moment, and the ball bearing 180605 is selected.

Technical data of the designed squirrel-cage induction motor: power P 2 = 2.2 kW, rated voltage 230/400 V, number of poles 2 p = 6 , rotation frequency n=1148 rpm, efficiency η = 0.81, Power factor cosφ = 0.74.

List of sources used

2 Design of electrical machines: Proc. for universities / I.P. Kopylov, B.K. Klokov, V.P. Morozkin, B.F. Tokarev; Ed. I.P. Kopylov. - 3rd ed., Rev. And extra. - M.: Higher. Shk., 2002. - 757p.: ill.

3 STO 02069024.101-2010. General requirements and design rules - Orenburg, 2010. - 93 p.

* This source is the main one, further reference to it is not made.

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Arkhangelsk State Technical University

Department of Electrical Engineering and energy systems

Faculty of PE

COURSE PROJECT

By discipline

"Electrical devices and machines"

On the topic "Designing an asynchronous motor"

Korelsky Vadim Sergeevich

Project Manager

Art. teacher N.B. Balantseva

Arkhangelsk 2010

for the project of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor

Issued to a student of the III year of the 1st group of the Faculty of OSB-PE

Perform calculation and design development of an asynchronous motor with the following data:

Power R n, kW ……………………………………………..………… 15

Voltage U n, V ……………………………………………….… 220/380

Speed n, min -1 (rpm) ………………………………… 1465

Engine efficiency η …………………………………………...………… 88.5%

Power factor cos φ ……………………………..………… 0.88

Current frequency f, Hz …………………………………………………..…… 50

Multiplicity of starting current I p / I n ………………………………………… 7.0

Multiplicity of starting torque M p / M n ………………………………… 1.4

Multiplicity of maximum torque M max / M n ………………………… 2.3

Design ……………………………………………..………… IM1001

Operating mode ………………………………………………… long

Additional requirements ..…………………… engine 4A160S4U3

Assignment issued by "…" ……………….. 2009

Project Manager…………………………

1. SELECTION OF MAIN DIMENSIONS

2. CALCULATION OF THE STATOR

2.1 Definition , and cross-sectional area of the stator winding wire

2.2 Calculation of the dimensions of the tooth zone of the stator and the air gap

3. ROTOR CALCULATION

4. CALCULATION OF THE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT

5. OPERATING MODE PARAMETERS

6. LOSS CALCULATION

7. CALCULATION OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE

8. CALCULATION OF THE STARTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE

8.1 Calculation of currents taking into account the influence of current displacement and saturation from stray fields

8.2 Calculation of starting characteristics considering the effects of current displacement and saturation from stray fields

9. THERMAL CALCULATION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Korelsky V.S. Designing an asynchronous electric motor. Supervisor - Senior Lecturer Balantseva N.B.

course project. An explanatory note of 49 pages contains 7 figures, 3 tables, 2 sources, a graphic part in A1 format.

Key words: asynchronous electric motor, stator, rotor.

The purpose of the course project is the acquisition of practical skills in the design of electrical apparatus.

Based on the list of sources and technical specifications, the main dimensions were selected, the stator winding, the rotor, the magnetic circuit of the 4A series asynchronous motor, IP44 version, with a squirrel-cage rotor with a cast-iron frame and end shields, with a rotation axis height of 160 mm, with a smaller installation size along the length of the frame (S), two-pole (

), climatic design U, placement category 3. The parameters of the operating mode, losses, operating and starting characteristics are also calculated without taking into account and taking into account saturation. Conducted thermal calculation.

1. SELECTION OF MAIN DIMENSIONS

1.1 According to table 9.8 (p. 344) with the height of the axis of rotation

mm. accept the outer diameter of the stator, mm m

1.2 Assuming that the dimensions of the slots do not depend on the number of poles of the machine, we obtain an approximate expression for the inner diameter of the stator, m.

, (1)

where K D is a coefficient characterizing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the stator core of the 4A series asynchronous machine. With the number of poles p\u003d 4, according to table 9.9; accept K D=0.68

1.3 Pole division

, m (2) m

1.4 Rated power, VA.

, (3)

where P 2 - power on the motor shaft, P 2 \u003d 15 10 3 W;

k E is the ratio of the EMF of the stator winding to the rated voltage, which is approximately determined from fig. 9.20 Accept

k E = 0.975;

1.5 Electromagnetic loads are preliminarily determined according to Fig. 9.22 b,(p. 346 ), depending on the height of the axis of rotation h= 160 mm and degree of protection of the engine IP44 from where

A/m, T

1.6 Winding coefficient (previously for a single-layer winding at 2p = 4) we accept

1.7 Estimated length of the magnetic circuit l δ, m

, (4) - coefficient of the form of the field (accepted in advance) , ; - synchronous angular frequency of the engine, rad/s; (5) rad/s, m

1.8 Meaning of ratio

. The criterion for the correct choice of the main dimensions - the ratio of the calculated length of the magnetic circuit to the pole division (6) is within acceptable limits (Fig. 9.25 a p. 348)

2. CALCULATION OF THE STATOR

2.1 Definition

, and the cross-sectional area of the stator winding wire

1.1 Stator pitch limits

, mm, determined according to the figure 9.26 mm; mm.

2.1.2 Number of stator slots

, determined by formulas (7) ,

We accept Z 1 \u003d 48, then the number of grooves per pole and phase:

(8)
is an integer. The winding is single layer.

2.1.3 Tooth division of the stator (final)

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Education

IRKUTSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Department of Electric Drive and Electric Transport

I am allowed to defend:

Head__ Klepikova T.V __

DESIGN OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A SQUIRT-CLOSE ROTOR

EXPLANATORY NOTE

To the course project in the discipline

"Electric cars"

096.00.00P3

Completed by a student of the group _EAPB 11-1 ________ __ Nguyen Van Vu____

Norm control ___________ _Associate Professor of the Department of EET Klepikova T.V __

Irkutsk 2013

Introduction

1. Main dimensions

2 Stator core

3 Rotor core

Stator winding

1 Stator winding with trapezoidal semi-closed slots

Squirrel cage winding

1 Dimensions of oval closed slots

2 Shorting ring dimensions

Magnetic circuit calculation

1 MDS for air gap

2 MMF for teeth with trapezoidal semi-closed stator slots

3 MMF for rotor teeth with oval closed rotor slots

4 MDS for the back of the stator

5 MDS for the back of the rotor

6 Magnetic circuit parameters

Active and inductive winding resistances

1 Stator winding resistance

2 Winding resistance of a squirrel-cage rotor with oval closed slots

3 Winding resistance of the converted motor equivalent circuit

Idle and nominal

1 Idle mode

2 Calculation of the parameters of the nominal operating mode

Pie Chart and Performance

1 Pie chart

2 Performance data

Maximum moment

Initial starting current and initial starting torque

1 Active and inductive resistances corresponding to the starting mode

2 Initial starting current and torque

Thermal and ventilation calculations

1 Stator winding

2 Ventilation calculation of the motor with degree of protection IP44 and cooling method IC0141

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Electric machines are the main elements power plants, various machines, mechanisms, technological equipment, modern means transport, communications, etc. They generate electrical energy, carry out highly economical conversion into mechanical energy, perform various functions of converting and amplifying various signals in automatic regulation and control systems.

Electric machines are widely used in all sectors of the national economy. Their advantages are high efficiency, reaching 95÷99% in powerful electric machines, relatively small weight and overall dimensions, as well as economical use of materials. Electric machines can be made for various capacities (from fractions of a watt to hundreds of megawatts), speeds and voltages. They are characterized by high reliability and durability, ease of control and maintenance, convenient supply and removal of energy, low cost in mass and large-scale production, and are environmentally friendly.

Asynchronous machines are the most common electrical machines. They are mainly used as electric motors and are the main converters. electrical energy into mechanical.

Currently, asynchronous electric motors consume about half of all electricity generated in the world and are widely used as an electric drive for the vast majority of mechanisms. This is due to the simplicity of design, reliability and high efficiency of these electrical machines.

In our country, the most massive series of electrical machines is the general industrial series of 4A asynchronous machines. The series includes machines with power from 0.06 to 400 kW and is made in 17 standard heights of the axis of rotation. For each of the rotation heights, engines of two powers are produced, differing in length. On the basis of a single series, various modifications of engines are produced that meet the technical requirements of most consumers.

On the basis of a single series, various versions of engines are produced, designed for operation in special conditions.

Calculation of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor

Technical task

Design an asynchronous three-phase motor with a squirrel-cage rotor: P=45kW, U= 380/660 V, n=750 rpm; design IM 1001; execution according to the method of protection IP44.

1. Motor magnetic circuit. Dimensions, configuration, material

1 Main dimensions

We accept the height of the axis of rotation of the engine h=250 mm (Table 9-1).

We accept the outer diameter of the stator core DH1=450 mm (Table 9-2).

Stator core inner diameter (, table 9-3):

1= 0.72 DH1-3=0.72ˑ450-3= 321 (1.1)

We accept the coefficient (, Figure 9-1).

We accept the preliminary value of efficiency (Figure 9-2, a)

We accept the preliminary value (Figure 9-3, a).

Estimated power

(1.2)

We accept a preliminary linear load A / cm (, Figure 9-4, a and Table 9-5).

We accept preliminary induction in the gap (, Figure 9-4, b and Table 9-5).

We accept the preliminary value of the winding factor (, page 119).

Estimated length of the stator core

We accept the constructive length of the stator core.

The maximum value of the ratio of the length of the core to its diameter (, table 9-6)

The ratio of the length of the core to its diameter

(1.5)

1.2 Stator core

We accept the steel grade - 2013. We accept the sheet thickness of 0.5 mm. We take the form of sheet insulation - oxidation.

We accept the filling factor of steel kC=0.97.

We accept the number of slots per pole and phase (Table 9-8).

Number of stator core slots (1.6)

1.3 Rotor core

We accept the steel grade - 2013. We accept the sheet thickness of 0.5 mm. We take the form of sheet insulation - oxidation.

We accept the filling factor of steel kC=0.97.

We accept the rotor core without beveled grooves.

We accept the air gap between the stator and the rotor (Table 9-9).

Outer diameter of rotor core

Inner diameter of rotor sheets

We take the length of the rotor core equal to the length of the stator core,

We accept the number of grooves of the rotor core (Table 9-12).

2. Stator winding

We accept a two-layer winding with a shortened pitch, which is placed in trapezoidal semi-closed grooves (Table 9-4).

Distribution coefficient

(2.1)

where

We accept the relative winding pitch.

Winding pitch:

(2.2)

Shortening factor

Winding ratio

Preliminary value of magnetic flux

Preliminary number of turns in the phase winding

Preliminary number of effective conductors in a slot

(2.7)

where is the number of parallel branches of the stator winding.

The specified number of turns in the phase winding

(2.8)

Corrected value of the magnetic flux

Corrected value of induction in the air gap

(2.10)

Preliminary value of rated phase current

Deviation of the received linear load from the previously accepted

(2.13)

The deviation does not exceed the allowable value of 10%.

We take the average value of the magnetic induction in the back of the stator (Table 9-13).

Tooth division according to the inner diameter of the stator

(2.14)

2.1 Stator winding with trapezoidal semi-closed slots

The stator winding and the groove are determined according to Figure 9.7

We accept the average value of the magnetic induction in the stator teeth (Table 9-14).

Tooth width

(2.15)

Stator back height

Groove height

Large slot width

Provisional slot width

Smaller slot width

where is the slot height (, page 131).

And based on the requirement

Die groove cross-sectional area

Groove clear area

(2.23)

where - assembly allowances for the stator and rotor cores, respectively, in width and height (, page 131).

Cross-sectional area of hull insulation

where is the average value of one-sided thickness of the hull insulation (, page 131).

Cross-sectional area of the spacers between the top and bottom coils in the groove, at the bottom of the groove and under the wedge

Cross-sectional area of the slot occupied by the winding

Work

where is the allowable filling factor of the slot for manual laying (. page 132).

We accept the number of elementary wires in effective .

Diameter of an elementary insulated wire

(2.28)

The diameter of an elementary insulated wire should not exceed 1.71 mm for manual installation and 1.33 mm for machine installation. This condition is met.

We accept the diameters of an elementary insulated and uninsulated (d) wire (Appendix 1)

We accept the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe wire (, Appendix 1).

Refined slot fill factor

(2.29)

The value of the adjusted slot filling factor satisfies the conditions of manual stacking and machine stacking (with machine stacking, the allowable ).

Refined slot width

Accept , because .

(2.31)

Product of linear load and current density

We accept the allowable value of the product of the linear load and the current density (Figure 9-8). Where coefficient k5=1 (Table 9-15).

Average tooth division of the stator

Average stator coil width

Average length of one coil head

Average winding length

Overhang length of winding end

3. Squirrel-cage winding

We accept oval-shaped rotor grooves, closed.

3.1 Dimensions of oval closed slots

The grooves of the rotor are determined by fig. 9.10

We accept the height of the groove. (, Figure 9-12).

Estimated rotor back height

where is the diameter of round axial ventilation ducts in the rotor core; they are not provided for in the designed engine.

Magnetic induction in the back of the rotor

Tooth division according to the outer diameter of the rotor

(3.3)

We accept the magnetic induction in the teeth of the rotor (Table 9-18).

Tooth width

(3.4)

Smaller groove radius

Larger groove radius

where - slot height (, page 142);

Slot width (, page 142);

for a closed slot (, page 142).

Distance between centers of radii

Checking the correctness of the definition and based on the condition

(3.8)

The cross-sectional area of the rod, equal to the cross-sectional area of the groove in the die

3.2 Short-circuit ring dimensions

We accept a cast cage.

The short-circuiting rings of the rotor are shown in fig. 9.13

Ring cross section

ring height

Ring length

(3.12)

Average ring diameter

4. Calculation of the magnetic circuit

1 MDS for air gap

Factor taking into account the increase in the magnetic resistance of the air gap due to the gear structure of the stator

(4.1)

Coefficient taking into account the increase in the magnetic resistance of the air gap due to the gear structure of the rotor

We accept a coefficient that takes into account the decrease in the magnetic resistance of the air gap in the presence of radial channels on the stator or rotor.

Overall coefficient air gap

MDS for air gap

4.2 MMF for teeth with trapezoidal semi-closed stator slots

(, appendix 8)

We take the average length of the path of the magnetic flux

MDS for teeth

4.3 MMF for rotor teeth with oval closed rotor slots

Since , we accept the magnetic field strength (Appendix 8).

MDS for teeth

4.4 MMF for the back of the stator

(, Appendix 11).

Average path length of the magnetic flux

MDS for stator back

4.5 MMF for the back of the rotor

We accept the magnetic field strength (, appendix 5)

Average path length of the magnetic flux

MDS for the back of the rotor

4.6 Magnetic circuit parameters

Total MMF of the magnetic circuit per one pole

Magnetic circuit saturation factor

(4.13)

Magnetizing current

Magnetizing current in relative units

(4.15)

no-load emf

Main inductive reactance

(4.17)

Main inductive reactance in relative units

(4.18)

5. Active and inductive resistance of windings

1 Stator winding resistance

Active resistance of the phase winding at 20 0C

where -specific electrical conductivity of copper at 200C (, page 158).

Active resistance of the phase winding at 20 0С in relative units

(5.2)

Checking the correctness of the definition

We accept the dimensions of the stator groove (, table 9-21)

Height: (6.4)

Coefficients taking into account the shortening of the step

Scattering Conductivity

(5.7)

Accept the coefficient of differential dissipation of the stator (Table 9-23).

Factor taking into account the influence of the opening of the stator slots on the conductivity of differential scattering

We accept a coefficient that takes into account the damping response of the currents induced in the winding of the squirrel-cage rotor by the higher harmonics of the stator field (Table 9-22).

(5.9)

Pole division:

(5.10)

Coefficient of dissipation conductance of winding ends

Conductivity coefficient of stator winding leakage

Inductive reactance of the stator phase winding

Inductive resistance of the stator phase winding in relative units

(5.14)

Checking the correctness of the definition

5.2 Winding resistance of a squirrel-cage rotor with oval closed slots

Active resistance of the cage rod at 20 0С

where - electrical conductivity of aluminum at 20 °C (, page 161).

Coefficient of reduction of ring current to rod current

(5.17)

Resistance of short-circuiting rings, reduced to the current of the rod at 20 0С

magnetic circuit resistance winding

The central angle of the bevel of the grooves ask=0 because there is no bevel.

Rotor slot bevel ratio

The coefficient of reduction of the resistance of the rotor winding to the stator winding

Active resistance of the rotor winding at 20 0C, reduced to the stator winding

Active resistance of the rotor winding at 20 0C, reduced to the stator winding in relative units

Rotor bar current for operating mode

(5.23)

Leakage conductance factor for oval closed rotor slot

(5.24)

Number of rotor slots per pole and phase

(5.25)

We accept the coefficient of differential scattering of the rotor (Figure 9-17).

Conductivity of differential scattering

(5.26)

Scattering conductance coefficient of cast cage short rings

Relative bevel of the rotor slots, in fractions of the tooth division of the rotor

(5.28)

Bevel leakage conductance factor

Inductive resistance of the rotor winding

Inductive resistance of the rotor winding, reduced to the stator winding

Inductive resistance of the rotor winding, reduced to the stator winding, in relative units

(5.32)

Checking the correctness of the definition

(5.33)

The condition must be met. This condition is met.

5.3 Winding resistance of the converted motor equivalent circuit

Stator dissipation factor

Stator resistance coefficient

where is the coefficient (, page 72).

Converted winding resistances

Recalculation of the magnetic circuit is not required, since and .

6. Idling and rated

1 Idle mode

Because , in further calculations we will accept .

The reactive component of the stator current during synchronous rotation

Electrical losses in the stator winding during synchronous rotation

Estimated steel weight of stator teeth with trapezoidal grooves

Magnetic losses in stator teeth

Stator back steel weight

Magnetic losses in the back of the stator

Total magnetic losses in the stator core, including additional losses in steel

(6.7)

Mechanical losses with degree of protection IP44, cooling method IC0141

(6.8)

where at 2p=8

The active component of the current x.x.

No-load current

Power factor at x.x.

6.2 Calculation of the parameters of the nominal duty

Short circuit active resistance

Inductive reactance short circuit

Short circuit impedance

Additional losses at rated load

Motor mechanical power

Equivalent circuit resistance

(6.17)

Equivalent circuit impedance

Checking the correctness of calculations and

(6.19)

Slip

Active component of the stator current during synchronous rotation

Rotor current

Active component of stator current

(6.23)

Reactive component of stator current

(6.24)

Phase stator current

Power factor

Current density in the stator winding

(6.28)

where is the winding factor for a squirrel-cage rotor (, page 171).

Current in the squirrel-cage rotor

Current density in the rod of a squirrel-cage rotor

Short circuit current

Electrical losses in the stator winding

Electrical losses in the rotor winding

Total losses in the electric motor

Input power:

Efficiency

(6.37)

Power input: (6.38)

The input power calculated by formulas (6.36) and (6.38) must be equal to each other, up to rounding. This condition is met.

Power output

The output power must correspond to the output power specified in the terms of reference. This condition is met.

7. Pie chart and performance data

1 Pie chart

current scale

where - working circle diameter range (, page 175).

Accept .

Working circle diameter

(7.2)

power scale

Reactive current segment length

Active current segment length

Bars on the chart

(7.7)

(7.8)

7.2 Performance data

We calculate the performance characteristics in the form of table 1.

Table 1 - Performance characteristics of an asynchronous motor

Conditions convoy	Delivered power in fractions











cos0.080.500.710.800.830.85


P, W1564.75172520622591.53341.74358.4

, %13,5486,8891,6492,8893,0892,80

8. Maximum torque

Variable part of the stator factor with a trapezoidal semi-closed groove

Saturation dependent stator leakage conductance component

Variable part of the rotor factor with oval closed slots

(8.3)

Saturation dependent rotor leakage conductance component

Rotor current corresponding to maximum torque (9-322)

(8.7)

Equivalent circuit impedance at maximum torque

The total resistance of the equivalent circuit at an infinitely large slip

Equivalent resistance of the equivalent circuit at maximum torque

Multiplicity of maximum torque

Slip at maximum torque

(8.12)

9. Initial starting current and initial starting torque

1 Active and inductive resistances corresponding to the starting mode

Rotor cage bar height

Reduced Rotor Bar Height

We accept the coefficient (, Figure 9-23).

Estimated depth of penetration of current into the rod

The width of the rod at the calculated depth of current penetration into the rod

(9.4)

The cross-sectional area of the rod at the calculated current penetration depth

(9.5)

current displacement ratio

Active resistance of the cage rod at 20 0C for the starting mode

The active resistance of the rotor winding at 20 0C, reduced to the stator winding, for the starting mode

We accept the coefficient (, Figure 9-23).

Conductivity coefficient of leakage of the rotor slot at start-up for an oval closed slot

Conductivity coefficient of leakage of the rotor winding at start-up

Motor leakage inductance dependent on saturation

Motor leakage inductance independent of saturation

(9.12)

Short circuit active resistance at start

9.2 Initial starting current and torque

Rotor current at engine start

Equivalent circuit impedance at start-up (taking into account the effects of current displacement and saturation of stray paths)

Inductive reactance of the equivalent circuit at start

Active component of the stator current at start-up

(9.17)

The reactive component of the stator current at start-up

(9.18)

Phase stator current at start

Multiplicity of initial starting current

(9.20)

The active resistance of the rotor at start-up, reduced to the stator, at the calculated operating temperature and L-shaped equivalent circuit

(9.21)

The multiplicity of the initial starting torque

10. Thermal and ventilation calculations

1 Stator winding

Losses in the stator winding at the maximum allowable temperature

where is the coefficient (, page 76).

Conditional internal cooling surface of the active part of the stator

The air flow that can be provided by an outdoor fan must exceed the required air flow. This condition is met.

Air pressure developed by an outdoor fan

Conclusion

In this course project, an asynchronous electric motor of the main design was designed, with a height of the axis of rotation h = 250 mm, degree of protection IP44, with a squirrel-cage rotor. As a result of the calculation, the main indicators for an engine of a given power P and cos were obtained, which satisfy the maximum permissible value of GOST.

The designed asynchronous electric motor meets the requirements of GOST both in terms of energy indicators (efficiency and cosφ) and in terms of starting characteristics.

Motor type Power, kW Height of rotation axis, mm Weight, kg Speed, rpm Efficiency, % Power factor, Moment of inertia,

2. Kravchik A.E. et al. Series 4A asynchronous motor, handbook. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1982. - 504 p.

3. Design of electrical machines: textbook. for electromech. And electricity. specialties of universities / I. P. Kopylov [and others]; ed. I. P. Kopylova. - Ed. 4th, revised. and additional - M.: Higher. school, 2011. - 306 p.

Application. Drawing up a specification

Designation	Name	Note

	Documentation

1.096.00.000.PZ	Explanatory note
1.096.00.000.CH	Assembly drawing



	Stator winding
	Rotor winding
	Stator core
	Rotor core
	terminal box

	Rym. Bolt

	Ground bolt

	Fan
	Shroud Fan
	Bearing