home Ideas Demand for dry oyster mushrooms. Growing oyster mushrooms as a business

Demand for dry oyster mushrooms. Growing oyster mushrooms as a business

These mushrooms were first used in China and Japan in ancient times. Oyster mushroom is a very healthy mushroom. It is used in cooking different ways: for soups, for frying, for stewing, etc. If you are interested in where to buy oyster mushrooms, visit your nearest market or a specialized website on the Internet.

Types of oyster mushrooms

There are several varieties of oyster mushrooms that differ in appearance, in weight and taste. In particular:

oyster or ordinary;
horn-shaped or profuse;
oak or dry;
steppe.

Only oysters are sold wholesale; carob-shaped ones are less common. The remaining species are considered edible, but are not sold. It appears on the shelves in fresh and dried form.

Oyster mushroom cost

If you need oyster mushrooms, it is worth knowing that the price per kg depends on the type of mushroom and the processing method. Oyster mushrooms are cheaper due to their prevalence. The price of carob-shaped oyster mushrooms per kg is higher. Other types of mushrooms are not commercially available. A kilogram of dried mushroom will cost slightly more than fresh oyster mushrooms.

Looking for an idea for own business Many people come to grow oyster mushrooms at home. In this piece, we'll take a closer look at the costs, profitability, and feedback of this activity. Is it worth the effort or is serious investment and a large enterprise required?

Advantages and disadvantages

This business is in many ways an ideal option for beginners to get acquainted with entrepreneurship. It requires a minimum start-up capital and allows you to start working with small volumes, increasing them over time. Moreover, at the very beginning it is possible to grow mushrooms exclusively for personal use, and as soon as the technology is debugged, enter the market.

The following advantages should also be noted:

You can grow mushrooms in rural areas, and in the city.
High demand for the crop.
Ample opportunities for business development and expansion.
No need for employees, at least in the first stages.
No need for a wide list of business contacts.
Relatively stable income.

Among the disadvantages are problems with selling really large batches of mushrooms (although the problem will not start soon, it all depends on the growth rate). You will also need at least minimal knowledge of the subject (this can be accumulated in the process).

It should be noted that such an important factor as seasonality. In summer and autumn, sales often decline, but starting in mid-winter, when the population runs out of its own supplies, demand increases.

Reasons for choosing oyster mushroom

Leaving aside nutritional value, taste and healthiness, it is worth noting that compared to the more popular chanterelles, honey mushrooms, champignons and others, oyster mushrooms are quite easy to grow, and the growth rate is high. If under natural conditions a mushroom harvest can be obtained in 2-2.5 months, then under artificial conditions this period is halved.

Crops bear fruit in several waves, the weight of one bunch can reach 200 grams, and record holders grow up to several kilograms, or even more.

A separate advantage is that the mushroom can grow on almost any substrate: stumps, straw, sawdust, even sunflower husks. In some countries, oyster mushrooms are even grown on paper waste. Modern technologies allow us to further expand this list.

Selecting a sales market

Among the most obvious options:

Independent sale in markets. In this case, you will have to worry about finding a free trading place, make and correctly place advertising, attract the attention of potential buyers. In this case, sales proceed at a retail pace. The advantage is the ability to set your own prices, keeping an eye on your competitors, if any.
Sales through grocery stores and supermarkets. In every sufficiently large city there is commercial network or a separate point that is interested in the wholesale purchase of mushrooms. Unfortunately, most often they offer very low prices. Over time, it will be possible to move to more profitable terms cooperation, and the recruited base regular customers will remain with you even if you break off cooperation with point of sale.
Sales to restaurants. Mushrooms are traditionally used in great demand in restaurants. The reason is simple - such establishments cook only from the freshest products. Cooperation will make it possible to quickly and profitably sell large quantities of mushrooms. The rest can be sold using the first or second method.

Needless to say, no matter what option it is ultimately decided to resort to, the grown mushrooms must be highest quality.

Enterprise registration

Before starting work, you should register your business. To do this, you need to select the OKVED code 01.12.31.

This type business involves three options legal form: Individual entrepreneur, LLC or peasant farm, that is, a peasant farm. All three have their pros and cons. A form such as personal subsidiary farming will not be suitable in this case.

IP

Makes it possible to grow mushrooms and sell the harvest.

To register, you will need to pay a state fee of 800 rubles, submit an application to switch to the simplified tax system or unified tax system, and also prepare an application in form No. P21001, which will need to be certified by a notary.

You should worry about photocopies of all significant pages of your passport in advance.

OOO

Gives the right to attract investments through loans for Agriculture and through government programs.

To register, you need to pay a state fee of 4,000 rubles, submit application No. P11001, prepare the charter of the LLC and a decision on its opening, have copies of the passports of all founders certified by a notary, and write an application for the transition to the chosen form of taxation.

Authorized capital enterprise must be at least 10,000 rubles.

Documentation

Documenting has his own farm in this case important role. The mushroom business in Russia does not provide for obtaining a special certificate.

However, in order to become a successful seller of your products, you will need the result of a laboratory test. You can get it from a food laboratory. Its employees often additionally ask to prepare a safety protocol. It will require an analysis for the presence of radioactive substances and heavy metals.

Documentation of growing oyster mushrooms in industrial scale(even in your own basement) is an expensive and slow task. Moreover, the resulting protocol will need to be updated every 3 months.

Selecting a room

The choice of premises for creating a mushroom plantation should be made as responsibly as possible. It is preferable to choose places that are fairly humid, but not too hot. If we're talking about about the very beginning of a business, then a basement or cellar at home may be suitable. As the business develops, old cowsheds, vegetable stores and similar buildings can be purchased and refurbished. As a last resort, you can buy a special greenhouse.

Premises requirements:

Residual moisture.
High-quality ventilation, but without drafts (if no other option is suitable, you can make several holes in the lower part of the wall and extend the hood).
Possibility of temperature adjustment (especially important in winter period).
Mandatory disinfection before starting planting work.

A few words about the size of the room. The truck holds about 20 tons of compost for growing. In order to completely distribute it and put it into full use, an area of 200-odd square meters will be required. The internal space is divided into sections in which multi-level (depending on the ceiling height) shelving is installed.

Each farm must have at least two passages. The first will be used to transport the harvested crop, it can be made narrower, the second should be much wider - soil will be loaded along it.

Additional premises include a boiler room, a couple of refrigerators for storing collected mushrooms, an area for packaging and various technical premises: change houses, a toilet and others. As a result total area the farm grows to almost 1-1.5 thousand square meters. Of course, at first you can get by with more modest premises.

If you plan to grow oyster mushrooms all year round and entirely on your own, you will have to provide several additional premises:

An inoculation room, where mushroom blocks will be formed from the finished substrate in bags, into which the mycelium is then seeded.
Incubation room for mycelium germination.
Cultivation room for forcing the fruiting body (the largest room, blocks are strung on rods, laid out on multi-tiered racks or suspended).

The first thing you need is a high-quality ventilation and air conditioning system, which will be used to maintain optimal temperature regime and humidity.

For additional heating in winter time water heating boilers are used. Ideally, it is recommended to purchase several full-fledged climate control units that will help regulate atmospheric parameters for mushrooms at different stages of ripening.

For storage finished products refrigeration chambers are used. It is very important that they preserve mushrooms only for a period of three days. In addition, for proper air circulation, they must be filled no more than halfway.

The premises will require a large number of shelving. Also, depending on the specific variety, bags or boxes will be required for production.

Staff

The overwhelming majority of responsibilities rest with the owner. It is he, at least at the start, who deals with delivery and sales issues. Very often, at the beginning of work, when several relatives are involved in the business, one is responsible for some of the supplies, while the rest deal with direct issues of cultivation, fertilization, planting, etc.

As the farm grows and mushroom production expands, managing everything will become increasingly difficult. At some point, inviting new employees to your small business will become an urgent need. However, no special requirements to employees in this matter - they will only be required to be conscientious, bad habits and availability medical record.

Considering that none educational institution Since the country does not have a department of mushroom science, it will be simply impossible to find a qualified specialist. Of course, there is always a chance that an experienced person will come across. In this case, it is highly recommended to set his salary depending on output.

It is difficult to say what total number of employees will be required for breeding. One assistant will be enough to grow oyster mushrooms at home. If we are talking about a hundredweight harvest every day, then you will need to attract at least a couple of employees.

At the same time, they will deal only with the mushrooms themselves, while additional forces will be required for marketing products, preparing raw materials for production and for the position of accountant. Of course, one person can combine several roles if desired.

Approximate calculation

Approximate analysis of expenses and income large enterprise can be seen in the table.

	*Start-up costs*	*Sum*
1	Rent or purchase of land or building	1,000,000 rubles
2	Purchase of equipment	500,000 rubles
3	Business registration, advertising costs	100,000 rubles
	*Monthly expenses*
1	Wage employees	150,000 rubles
2	Advertising	5,000 rubles
3	Maintenance costs	15,000 rubles
	*Income*
1	Profit from processing at a wholesale price of 1 kg of mushrooms of 14 rubles	1,400,000 rubles

Two things should be noted here: important points:

These calculations assume working with a large farm, which has about 100 tons of compost for cultivation; if the scale is reduced, the costs will be lower.
The data is based on one processing cycle, but there can be up to four in a year.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that the net profit for one two-month cultivation cycle will be up to 780 thousand rubles. As a result, according to experts, the full payback period for an oyster mushroom farm will be about two years.

Those interested can download another one.

Competition and risks

Separately, it is worth noting the issue of competition. Currently, its level on the market can be assessed as quite low, which, coupled with low requirements for starting a business, makes it especially profitable for beginners. Imported products left not long ago domestic market, but the price level has remained the same, and the demand for mushrooms is consistently high.

Most of the competition to be feared comes from more large manufacturers engaged in industrial breeding. However, there are not many of them on the market today, so there is no need to fear serious opposition to expansion. The risks in this area are also not too great, given the undemanding nature of investments.

conclusions

The main advantage is high profitability. The advantage is that there is no need for significant investments at the initial stage. The income is quite good - it reaches 650 rubles from each processed square meter in 1.5 months.

Another undeniable advantage is ease of use. Oyster mushrooms require much less care than other mushrooms, including.

Experienced businessmen, however, do not deny the presence of a number of difficulties, but they all relate to the initial stages of establishing the process and sales. Once these issues are settled, everything becomes much simpler and all that remains is to collect and sell the crops.

Video: technology for growing oyster mushrooms.

The companies involved in this business can be counted on one hand. Having visited and participated in the process of mushroom production, we tried to find an answer to what difficulties await those who decide to take this path. And most importantly, if this is an “untilled field” for business, then is it possible to take advantage of the situation and open your own business?

Mushroom kitchen

IP "Grigoriev" has been operating on the market in the Orenburg region for many years; now it is at the stage of registering its own trademark"Mushroom Kitchen" The idea to start growing came to the candidate of agricultural sciences Valery Grigoriev in 1997. A teacher at an agricultural university, having studied available techniques, created own technology By industrial production. The production he organized has turned into a well-functioning mechanism, where they not only grow, but also process them. The enterprise has become family business, which is continued by the children of the founder.

My father was inspired by this idea because there was no industrial oyster mushroom industry in the Orenburg region,” says Anzhelika Slotova, the daughter of the founder of the mushroom company.

At first glance, it seems that growing oyster mushrooms is very simple. Basement type room with lots of light, very humid. The shelves (called blocks in mushroom pickers' parlance) are filled with bags of blackish-whitish contents, from which mushrooms hang in clusters. But, as it turned out, I saw only the end result of the painstaking and daily work of the mushroom masters.

Oyster mushroom production is very complex and requires constant monitoring, so the enterprise operates around the clock. The microclimate must always be maintained, so all equipment works constantly. Any technological error entails large losses.

Growing oyster mushrooms is common cause Grigoriev family.

Passed all stages from boilermaker to technologist. Our father gave us the foundation and experience. Production is very energy-intensive; from the moment of sowing the mycelium to harvesting the oyster mushrooms, at least thirty days pass. The substrate block must be monitored daily. Plus, mushrooms have a lot of competitive microorganisms, which lead to the fact that the mycelium stops developing. As a result, instead of mushrooms, you can get a completely different result or everything will simply be lost, explains Sergei Grigoriev.

When we grew our first hundred kilograms of oyster mushrooms, we didn’t know what to do with them, how to sell them, because people reacted something like this: “What is this?” I even had to give it away for free. Although, for example, in China and Korea, the production and consumption of oyster mushrooms comes first. Our people don't have enough information. There is also the influence of the stereotype: people prefer champignons, although the price is almost the same. They look like classic mushrooms, and that’s what’s attractive. Oyster mushrooms are much healthier than champignons; in Europe and large Russian cities they are one and a half times more expensive than champignons, continues Angelica.

A holy place is never empty, and this is what happened with the empty mushroom market in our region.

Fifteen years ago, when we just started producing oyster mushrooms, the price per kilogram was twenty-five rubles. For comparison, a kilogram of meat cost seven rubles. Now the situation is different, beef costs about three hundred rubles per kilogram, and oyster mushrooms eighty-five rubles. The reason is the large number of champignons on the market, the bulk of which come from Poland. There, the cost of growing mushrooms is much lower. Plus they are also low customs duties. All this prevents domestic producers from developing. As a result, it turns out that now the production of oyster mushrooms has become unprofitable, with the exception of several months of the year - December, February, March and April. The market in the city is now so filled with mushrooms that there is no point in developing this business. If more producers appear or we increase volumes, then we will have to sell mushrooms very cheaply and not earn anything. Moreover, in the region there is a demand for mushrooms only in large cities - Buzuluk, Orsk, Novotroitsk, Sorochinsk. In villages and regional centers there is practically no need for fresh mushrooms; people mainly collect forest mushrooms,” says Sergei.

- So, starting a mushroom business is futile?

IN this moment doesn't make sense.

- If they are in demand, then why not do them?

They can also be produced, but if only for the needs own family, and for large volumes huge investments are required, serious equipment is needed, and implementation must go to the region, and not just to the city. The production of champignons in Russia can now be counted on one hand.

According to Sergei, the disadvantage good specialists who know the technology of growing mushrooms is also a problem for growing oyster mushrooms.

- So you have no competitors?

They are represented by small producers who, at home, without certification, grow the same thirty kilograms. Then they have problems with sales, and they take it to the market, where they sell it very cheaply. Plus, competition comes from forest mushrooms, especially in autumn.

- And grow for own consumption Is it possible at home?

Fungi produce spores that are allergenic and cause fever and cough. This is especially not recommended for people with lung disease. It should be grown exclusively in a greenhouse, under no circumstances in an apartment, since for mushrooms it is necessary to create high humidity. As a result, in addition to harm to your health, you will cause damage to the house, the walls of which will become covered with mold.

- From whom do you get help in business development?

For all the time that we have been working, no one has been interested in us, how we exist. Plus, I can add an interesting point to this same question: mushrooms belong to the group of vegetables, for which the VAT rate is ten percent, and for mushrooms eighteen percent. No one can explain to us what this is connected with.

Mushroom Growers Society

Recently, Mushroom Kitchen’s competitors have been the association of individual entrepreneurs “Mushroom Community”. Its founder is Yuri Ryabov. Yuri Petrovich has the opposite view.

The mushroom business is not even half developed. The advantages are profitability and, most importantly, the absence of much competition. Moreover, there was always a shortage of oyster mushrooms on the market. If they are still present in Orenburg, then in neighboring cities - Samara, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk - there are very few. Orders come from there in large volumes.

The society specializes not only in growing oyster mushrooms, but also trains those interested.

If a person wants to grow mushrooms, then he will do them. It would be better for him to come to us and we work together than to become competitors. In society we regulate the sale of oyster mushrooms.

Before you take on this business, you need to study the technology. If you rely only on information from the Internet or pick up “tops” somewhere else, then you will most likely go broke on the first harvest.

There were cases when a person spent money on production, but spared five thousand for training, and ended up losing five hundred thousand rubles. He comes two months later with a request to teach him,” says Alexander Andreichev, an entrepreneur.

An equally important step for growing oyster mushrooms is having a room, and it is advisable to have your own. It should have light, water and ideally gas, because the biggest costs go to heating water. Hot water necessary for steaming husks. Using electricity for this is very expensive.

The most important rule is patience, people want to get everything right away, but when difficulties arise, they give up. Another mistake beginners make is that a person is engaged in amateur activities, deviating from technology. If you follow all the parameters, then the profitability is one hundred percent of the investment,” shares Yuri Petrovich. - Prospects mushroom business unlimited in the region. Now they are asking to supply ten tons a week, but so far we are not even able to meet this need together.

Note site/ Oyster mushroom (lat. Pleurotus) is a genus of mushrooms of the Oyster mushroom family, or Pleurotaceae. It develops on a substrate of non-living plant residues, from which it is able to absorb cellulose and lignin. In nature it grows on the trunks of dried trees.

| Moscow

We invite you to cooperate on an ongoing basis. We cultivate the Oyster mushroom and produce a substrate (mushroom blocks), any strain of mycelium is possible upon request. Prices on request; packaged trays of 300 grams are available. and sales in kg. To contact us by telephone.

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