Production of industrial soap base. Soap and detergent mini business

Today there is just a huge number promising directions to start your own small business. At the initial stage, it is important to know that the business will not burn out, but will really make a profit. We will consider the production of laundry soap, liquid and toilet. All these products are in great demand in the modern market.

Laundry soap production

It should be noted that the competition in this area is currently not so great, so the manufacture of soap is a very profitable business that does not require large investments both at the initial stage and in the future. In addition, funds are fully returned in the worst case after six months, and at best - after 3-4 months of active work.

As for profitability, it is about 40-55%, which is very good. Basically, the profit directly depends on the skill of the person making the soap. One way or another, you can start without even having the slightest idea about the technology of soap making, after a while both precious experience and skill will appear.

It should be noted that the more environmentally friendly products are used for production, the better sales will be, and this is a proven fact. Today, the market saturation with the product is only 50%, which is very small.

What is laundry soap and what are its benefits

If we talk about a natural product, then industrial laundry soap has a number of significant advantages:

• both in hot and cold water copes well with stains of any kind;
• they can wash children's clothes;
• good for sanitary cleaning, washing dishes, etc.

But it also has its drawbacks:

• has a specific smell;
• dries out the skin.

It must be said right away that the unpleasant smell of laundry soap can be easily got rid of, especially if we are engaged in our own production. To do this, you will need to add special oils to its composition, but more on that later. Of course, the production of laundry soap is a rather laborious process. However, as a result, we get not only a pure natural product, but also good profit.

How to make soap

The choice here is small. There are only a few ways in which you can make laundry soap at home. Of course, here it is desirable to have at least some knowledge in the field of chemical processes, since during cooking we will encounter alkali and vegetable or animal-based fats.

For the first of them, we need 2 kilograms of caustic soda, which must be poured into water in a ratio of 1: 4, that is, 8 liters of water will be required. The mixture is heated to a temperature of +24 ... +27 degrees Celsius. In parallel with this, we melt the fat at a temperature of 50 degrees, and pour the solution of soda and water into it. The amount of fat is clearly fixed; if we talk about our case, then this is 12.8 kg.

The whole mixture must be thoroughly mixed until the mass becomes completely homogeneous. This is followed by pouring into boxes, here it is preferable to use wooden structures. It is necessary to wrap the boxes with felt and set to harden for 4-6 days. After complete hardening, our soap is ready for sale.

Another variant

The second way is to use an odorless base that has a transparent color. This mass is easy to buy in any specialized store at an affordable price.

It is difficult to say which of the methods for making soap is more effective. Both methods are good and popular.

There is a clear sequence according to which you need to make laundry soap. All work takes place in the following sequence:

1. The base is pre-crushed and placed in a special bowl. After that, it is melted on a stove or in a furnace.
2. After we have received the molten mass, it is necessary to add aromatic oils and essences.
3. We give color to the future soap - it all depends on the imagination of the master, but it is important not to overdo it.
4. We use other additives (sugar, poppy seeds).
5. Pour the liquid mass into pre-prepared molds.
6. After the soap has hardened, we take it out of the mold and admire the result.

If you strictly follow all the steps, then at the end we will get an exceptionally high-quality product that no longer has an unpleasant odor and does not dry the skin so much. It should be noted that laundry soap can not be packaged at all or wrapped in polyethylene or paper.

Liquid soap production

In parallel with the production of laundry soap, liquid hygiene products can also be sold. It should be noted that here you will need serious equipment for the production of soap, so the costs will be much higher.

However, such a business pays off much faster. If you plan to sell on an industrial scale, then after six months all the funds will be returned back.

There are a huge number of recipes that you can rely on in the process of making liquid soap. With sufficient knowledge, you can even develop your own unique product that will be in demand in the market.

It should be noted that the purchased equipment can be used without special training. Simply put, it is quite possible to manage on your own, however, if the production of liquid soap is planned for modular system(increasing production capacity, expanding the sales market, etc.), then this is unlikely to succeed without specially trained people.

Equipment required for production

As noted above, we will need not only raw materials for the production of soap, but also special equipment:

• two tanks (one for raw materials, the second for purified);
• emulsifying and mixing engines;
• feeding device and temperature sensor;
• pump and gearbox.

In general, we have to create our own mini-workshop. Of course, it is advisable to turn to professionals to clarify prices. In many ways, the cost of equipment will depend on productivity, so the approach must be competent, there is no need to choose the cheapest equipment for the production of liquid soap.

With professional equipment you can get a high quality product. Then it remains to find a wholesale point of sale, and the business will gradually go up. It should be noted that liquid soap will cook for quite a long time, because this is a complex chemical process, where all the elements must be mixed sequentially.

A little about the technology of production of liquid soap

First of all, wood ash dissolves in water. Potassium carbonate is boiled over low heat, after which an emulsion should form. After that, the next stage begins - saponification. It is necessary to add a portion of lye to the previously obtained emulsion (proportion 1: 1), after which the mixture must be boiled until the finished soap is obtained.

To understand whether the product is ready or not yet, you need to take a sample. Do it in the following way. Take a few drops of liquid and pour onto a glass surface. If, after complete cooling, the color has not changed and remains light and transparent, this indicates that everything is ready.

You can often see that foreign substances are added to liquid soap, such as anise oil, soluble glass, etc. This is done solely to make the product heavier. It should be noted that this affects the quality of the product in the worst way. It is highly recommended not to use this method in own production, because the client will notice the catch sooner or later.

Preparing toilet soap

Any kind of greasy soap is taken as the basis for creating toilet soap. It should contain either lye or pork fat with coconut oil. All ingredients must be as fresh and of high quality as possible.

Fat can be cleaned on your own, which is much cheaper, or you can buy it already cleaned at the store. You should also strictly observe the proportions: for every 10 grams of fat, take 5-20 grams of coconut oil. As for the cooking process itself, it is exactly the same as for laundry soap.

It should be noted that the production of toilet soap is quite a profitable business. To create a pure and high-quality product, special equipment and knowledge are not required. It is only necessary to observe the proportions and constantly monitor the cooking process.

To always get a perfectly clean product, it is necessary to hang it during and after cooking. As a rule, the bottom contains soap with impurities, so it is recommended not to drain the liquid completely, but to leave a small residue.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, I would like to say that the production of laundry soap, liquid or toilet soap requires a lot of time, but in some cases capital investments can be minimized.

In order to produce a product of average quality, 2-3 thousand dollars is enough at the first stage. Then you can buy equipment more modern and expensive.

It should be noted that the production of soap as a business is not only an income, but also the creation of hygiene products of excellent quality, this is a kind of art.

You can give the soap any shape you like, experiment with color and smell. In the end, you can get something special that people will like. The main thing is to work not for the purpose of cashing in on low-quality soap, but for pleasure, and, of course, not at a loss.

The main fatty raw materials for the production of soaps include edible and technical animal fats, tallow, coconut, palm kernel and palm oils, synthetic fatty acids, rosin, petroleum acids, yeast and other fats.

Animal fats. In the production of soap, rendered beef, mutton, pork and bone fats are most widely used. Animal fats are used in the manufacture of toilet soap in the form of raw or distilled fatty acids and undigested (neutral) fats. Melted animal fats are high-quality fatty raw materials for the production of all types and grades of soap. However, due to limited resources and high price, they are mainly used for the production of toilet soaps.

Industrial animal fats obtained from raw materials that do not meet the requirements for food products, from the waste of glue-gelatin, leather, bone meal and other industries, as a rule, have a dark color, high acid number and contain a significant amount of various impurities. They are used in the production of laundry soap, as well as after thorough cleaning in the formulations of lower grades of toilet soap.

Beef, lamb, hydrogenated pork and bone fats contain from 40 to 60% saturated fatty acids, of which about 50% are palmitic and from 36 to 55% oleic acid, making these fats a good and almost interchangeable raw material for soap making.

Due to their rapid oxidation and rancidity, rendered pork fat is used in soap making to a limited extent.

Fats of marine animals and fish in soap making are used mainly in a hydrogenated form, since the unsaturated fatty acids contained in them have an unpleasant fishy smell, which is transferred to the soap made from them and is retained for a long time by a washed cloth.

Vegetable oils used to make soap are divided into two main groups: solid and liquid.

Solid vegetable oils include coconut, palm kernel and palm oils. Their addition to soaps ensures the creation of the desired plasticity during mechanical processing.

The disadvantage of this group of oils as a raw material for toilet soap is the content of low molecular weight acids in them, the sodium salts of which do not have a detergent effect. This is the reason for the limited use of coconut oil in toilet soap formulations.

Palm oil in its fatty acid composition approaches animal fats and is a good raw material for toilet soap. Solid vegetable oils are obtained from imported raw materials and therefore they are used in production to a limited extent and only in the production of toilet soaps. They are usually replaced with highly purified synthetic fatty acids.

Liquid vegetable oils - sunflower and soybean - are not used to produce solid toilet soaps due to the presence of significant amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids in them. For the same reason, they are introduced into the formulation of solid laundry soaps in an amount of no more than 15-30%. At the same time, they are suitable for cooking all types of liquid household and toilet soaps, as well as ointment-like household and industrial soaps.

Salomas. Technical tallow is used in the production of laundry and toilet soap. The raw materials for hydrogenation are vegetable oils, fats of terrestrial and marine animals, natural fatty acids obtained from fats, oils and soap stocks.

For the production of laundry soap, oils are hydrogenated to a titer of 46-500C, and for toilet soaps - 39-430C.

natural fatty acids. Most factories use fatty acids rather than fats to make all types of soap.

The method of direct saponification of fats is used only at individual enterprises that produce the highest grades of light toilet soaps. The main mass of fats and oils sent for soap making is subjected to preliminary splitting.

Decomposed fats (more specifically, fatty acids) can be used to make all types of soaps, while improving the quality of the product, since the fatty acids obtained by non-reactive splitting do not darken.

Synthetic fatty acids (FFAs). Synthetic fatty acids are obtained by oxidizing petroleum paraffin with atmospheric oxygen. This produces a mixture of acids containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule. This mixture is divided into different fractions. Two fractions are prepared for soap making. The first fraction includes mainly acids containing from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the molecule. It is sometimes called the coconut fraction and is used in soap formulations instead of coconut oil. The second fraction of synthetic fatty acids contains mainly acids with 17-20 carbon atoms in the molecule, it is called the lard fraction and is used in soap formulations instead of lard. Unlike natural fatty acids, synthetic acid molecules can contain both an even and an odd number of carbon atoms. A significant disadvantage of the first FFA fraction is the presence in it in the form of impurities of 4-5% low molecular weight acids C5-C9, the sodium salts of which do not have a detergent effect. They dissolve well in water and soapy lye and are not salted out even with a saturated solution of table salt. For this reason, they are removed with the soap lye and are practically lost. The second fraction - fat oil, often contains an increased amount of unsaponifiable substances and other impurities, including those that impart an unpleasant odor to acids.

FFAs, compared to natural fatty acids, have a low viscosity, which contributes to obtaining soap base with good plastic properties. In addition, it improves the performance of the plant.

Fatty waste. In the process of obtaining and processing fats and oils, a variety of fat-containing wastes are formed - soap stocks, fuses, spent bleaching earths, trap fat and others used in soap making. In addition to fats, they contain a large number of various impurities, usually dark in color. Many of them have an unpleasant smell. Laundry soap, brewed from such waste, turns out to be dark in color with an unpleasant odor. Therefore, fat-containing waste must be cleaned - to remove impurities. Most effective method purification is the selection and subsequent distillation of the fatty acids contained in them.

Soap stock is a waste product obtained from the purification of oils and fats with alkali solutions. It contains soap, neutral fat and water. In addition, a variety of mucus, proteins, salts, coloring and other substances pass into the soap stocks from the purified fats. The composition of soap stocks is not constant, therefore, before processing the soap stock, it is necessary to have data on the substances included in it and their quantity.

Fuzes are flocculent sediment formed during storage of raw (unrefined) vegetable oils in tanks or separated on filter presses and centrifuges during primary oil purification. This sediment contains from 65 to 85% fat, the rest falls on various impurities: fragments of plant cells, phospholipids, protein, resinous and mucous substances, water, etc.

Fuzes have a dark color and an unpleasant odor, which increases during storage due to the decomposition of protein substances.

When using fats contained in fuses in soap making, they must be thoroughly cleaned and freed from impurities.

Spent bleaching earths, in addition to coloring substances, also absorb a significant amount of fats, which depends on the oil absorption of this adsorbent.

Fat, previously extracted from spent bleaching clays, is sent to soap production.

The fat from the traps and other fatty waste also goes to the soap factories. They contain various amounts of impurities, so when using this fat to make soaps, it must be thoroughly cleaned.

Natural fat substitutes. Natural fat substitutes used in soap making include rosin, tall oil and petroleum acids. Due to limited resources, as well as due to the emergence of FFAs, the importance of natural fat substitutes has decreased. However, they are still used in the preparation of some types of laundry soap.

Rosin is a solid, resinous mass, from light yellow to dark brown. It consists of a mixture of resinous unsaturated acids, the main of which is abietic. Extraction rosin also contains 5-10% fatty acids.

Rosin as a substitute for natural fats can be used in the preparation of laundry soaps in the amount of 10-15% of the fat mixture. In the manufacture of lower grades of toilet soap, 3-5% of light grades of rosin are sometimes used.

Tall oil is a waste product from pulp production. Because of its dark color and strong unpleasant smell, crude tall oil is an undesirable ingredient in soaps. When it is distilled with water vapor under vacuum, a light yellow oily liquid is obtained - distilled tall oil, which is used in the production of liquid and solid laundry soap.

Petroleum (naphthenic) acids are contained in some petroleum products - kerosene, solar oil, etc. When these products are treated with a solution of sodium alkali, it binds petroleum acids and forms a specific product called soap naphtha. Together with petroleum soaps, a certain amount of petroleum products enters the mass, which impart a specific smell and dark color to soap oil.

Caustic alkalis, when interacting with neutral fats, saponify triglycerides and bind the fatty acids released in this case, forming the corresponding soaps.

Caustic soda (trade name caustic soda). It is used in the production of all types of solid soaps. It is produced in several brands and grades in solid and liquid form.

Solid caustic soda, depending on the variety, contains from 92 to 95% NaOH, and liquid - 42-43%. Of the impurities, it contains sodium carbonate (2-3%) and table salt (from 1 to 2.5%).

Enterprises are preparing water solution caustic soda of the desired concentration by stirring at 50-60°C, followed by filtration of the resulting solution.

Caustic potash is used in the production of liquid, ointment and some special soaps. Caustic potash is produced in solid and liquid form of several grades (from A to G). The solid product is an opaque mass. Liquid product - concentrated solution up to 55%. The content of caustic alkalis in a solid product, depending on the brand, is 93-95%, in liquid - 50-52%.

carbonic salts. Compared with caustic alkalis, carbonic salts are less reactive. They do not saponify neutral fats under normal cooking conditions. They react well and fairly quickly with fatty acids, forming the corresponding salts (soaps).

Sodium carbonate (soda carbonate, sodium carbonate), trade name - soda ash. is a white, fine crystalline powder.

Sodium carbonate is used in the production of solid soaps from split fats, fatty and petroleum acids, and rosin. It is introduced into some types of soaps to increase the hardness of the bar or the mobility of the molten soap. Sodium carbonate is produced in several types and grades. Depending on the type and brand, the commercial product contains from 91 to 99% sodium carbonate.

At soap factories, a solution of sodium carbonate with a concentration of 32-33% is prepared by dissolving in water at 80 ° C in containers with mixers.

Potassium carbonate (potassium carbonate), trade name - potash. The product is produced in the form of small white granules, two grades (calcined and one and a half water) and two grades. Depending on the type and variety, the commercial product contains 92.5-98% potassium carbonate. It is used to produce liquid, ointment-like and special soaps from split fats and fatty acids, as well as a technological additive to increase the mobility of molten soap.

phosphate salts. Sodium and potassium salts of phosphoric acid produce a different chemical composition and, accordingly, they have different properties.

The main phosphate salts used in the soap industry are sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. They are added to laundry detergents and some types of hard soaps to increase the washing effect.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) is a white powder. It is added to some varieties of solid laundry soap in the amount of 4-6%.

Sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6 is a hard, glassy, ​​slightly colored mass. It dissolves well in water, especially when heated, forming solutions with a concentration of up to 70%.

Aqueous solutions of sodium hexametaphosphate are acidic, therefore, in the soap industry, it can also be used to bind an excess of free caustic alkali, if there is more se in the soap mass than allowed specifications. It is also added to toilet soap in an amount of up to 5% to prevent the formation of calcium and magnesium insoluble soaps when using the product.

Salts of silicic acid (sodium silicates) are a product of variable chemical composition Na2O*nSiO2. Soap factories use sodium silicate, in which the weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O ranges from 2.6 to 3.4.

Sodium silicate is produced in two types - soda and soda-sulfate. Soda sodium silicate has more high quality, it contains fewer impurities.

Sodium silicate has a significant detergency and is therefore a desirable ingredient. Also, this salt increases the hardness of the soap, reduces its stickiness, and prevents the appearance of soda crystals on its surface. The addition of sodium silicate in a small amount (0.1-0.5%) to toilet and laundry soap slows down the darkening and rancidity of the product. Sodium silicate enhances the action of antioxidants added to soap.

A home business has many benefits. There is a huge amount of information about this. You need to have the right space to start your own business. And also it is worth considering that the initial investment should not be high. An excellent example of a small home business can be called the production of useful and beautiful, with a special uniqueness, soap on your own. All the funds that you initially invest in this business will pay for themselves after six months. The profitability of such production is 50%. But such results can only be achieved through the right organized business, well-established sales and the presence of creativity in a person who makes soap.

There are very few offers for soap sales in Russia homemade. People are more accustomed to using soap for their needs, which is made in factories. Author's soap in the markets costs about 120 rubles, and soap delivered from abroad costs up to 210 rubles. For example, in Moscow, such a market has already reached a huge amount - $ 1 million. It grows annually by 22%. This suggests that the demand for these products is now, and in the future it will only increase. Therefore, opening your own soap factory will justify itself. There is a buyer for a beautiful, useful and unique soap.

Production technology

The process of manufacturing any product necessarily begins with the fact that it is necessary to purchase material. Without what it will not be possible to make fragrant soap? Of course, without soap base. The main investment will be made for the purchase of this material. 1 ton of soap base has a cost of 160 thousand rubles. Do not think that you will not need such a quantity of raw materials. If initially this is true, then it is worth remembering that everything is calculated in proportions. From 1 ton of soap base, as many as 600 kilograms of finished soap are obtained.

A variety of flavors, as well as essential oils, without which it is impossible to make good soap, must be bought in bulk. 5 kg of such materials have a price of 60 thousand rubles.

A variety of additives in the form of acids, vitamins, fats will also cost you 60 thousand rubles.

You will spend all this raw material no less than after 4 months of constant work. Soap base is enough for you only for 2 months.

This cost calculation perfectly coordinates start-up entrepreneurs and shows how it will be better to plan their production.

How to make soap at home

There are several methods for making soap at home. You can initially use the most popular and proven.

1. It is necessary to melt the soap base. This is easy to do with common household appliances. For example, a microwave oven. A water bath is also great. 250 grams of soap base can be melted using a 400W microwave oven. This will only take 2 minutes. If you need to melt a large amount of raw materials, then simply increase the power and operating time.
2. A variety of additives and essential oils must be added to the base heated to a liquid state. To stir thoroughly.
3. Pour the resulting mixture into soap molds and wait until it completely hardens.

Important to remember. That the soap base is strictly forbidden to boil. That is why it is not recommended to warm it up with an open flame. If it is heated for a long time, then the constituent component of the base, namely glycerin, may begin to burn. This will result in a dark base color and an unpleasant smell. Such soap can be suitable only for household needs.

For 200 grams of soap base you need:

• essential oil - 6 - 8 drops;
• oils - 0.5 teaspoon;
• flavors - 6 - 14 drops;
• dye in liquid form - 2 - 14 drops;
• pigment - 1/3 teaspoon;
• titanium dioxide - 2 - 6 teaspoons;
• cosmetic clay - 2 - 6 teaspoons;
• ground oats - 4 - 8 teaspoons;
• additives, such as honey - 2 - 6 teaspoons

A good craftsman should know about 25 recipes that can be used to make soap. The result should always be beautiful in appearance, with useful properties and pleasant fragrance soap.

1. Now the soap can be packaged. This is the last step in the whole process. Author's soap is usually bought not for daily use, but as original gift. This is always worth remembering. Soaps prepared according to different recipes should have separately designed packaging.

Thus, buyers will always be able to recognize it, and it will not get lost on store shelves. Packaging can be both cardboard and plastic. On it you can write the composition of the soap, its original name. If you produce 500 kg of soap per month, then the packaging material will cost you 45 thousand rubles.

How to organize mass production homemade soap?

To start the production of soap, you need a room of 45 square meters. meters. In one half of it, all the equipment for manufacturing should be located, and in the other - tables so that the soap freezes there. This takes about 3 hours. The room must be equipped with all communications. Some special requirements no to him.

At first, soap making can be carried out by one person. If sales volumes increase, you need to think about hiring a few people. It takes 5 workers to make and pack 500 kg of soap. For. In order for the packaging to have a unique beautiful design, you need to use the services of a professional designer. Each holiday should have its own line of author's soap. If you constantly update your product range, then customers will always be interested in buying something new.

Soap made from scratch

The organization of sales is no less responsible work than the production of soap itself. Sales points are everywhere. These include shops selling cosmetics, gifts, household goods. You can take part in various fairs, or offer soap in the market. It will not be superfluous to create your own online store.

You can sell soap sets for the holidays

If you can produce 500 kg of soap, then the net profit will be 490 thousand rubles a month. This is the case when the price of one product is somewhere around 95 rubles. If you can increase production volumes and sell all the goods on time, then your income will only grow.

The production of laundry soap involves 2 stages: soap making and processing of the soap mixture into a finished product. Due to the naturalness of the products used in the manufacture of laundry soap, it is environmentally friendly.

The production process may include the use of not only fats and oils of animal and vegetable origin, but also acid, synthetic and industrial fats.

Product Feature

Starting such a business is easy due to the wide prevalence of these products in household and working conditions. Detergent features:

• High performance;
• Use at any temperature;
• No allergic reactions to the skin;
• Low cost and sales value;
• Completeness of decomposition into biological components;
• Fire safety and non-toxic;
• Storage duration.

Hard varieties are distinguished by their purity of environmental friendliness and first-class quality, corresponding to GOST 30266-95. The soap raw material composition does not include surrogate materials and substances. Products are manufactured that have an antibacterial effect and without preservatives, using modern technologies.

Application of the soap product

Laundry soap is used for cleaning and washing heavy dirt and hands. To do this on wet skin a small amount of the product is rubbed and lathered to remove contamination, after which the foam is washed off with water.

This soap is recommended for washing fabrics made of pure cotton, cotton and wool blend products. In this way, you can wash and disinfect baby clothes. Dosage for hand or machine wash - for 1 kg of laundry is 20 g of the product and 6 liters of water. Fruit stains are removed by adding 12-18 g of soda ash to the indicated dosage.

As a plasticizing additive, laundry soap is used in the preparation of oil-adhesive, PVA-based and acrylic putties. For the manufacture of a plasticizer, 5-9% of the product is used for the entire weight of the putty.

This tool is preferred to clean parts in certain areas of the industry related to technology. Soap finds its application in both farming and agricultural industries.

Ensuring the safety of soap products

It is not enough to learn how to produce laundry soap, one must be able to and ensure its safety. Recommended storage temperature for environment must be at least 0°C in the original packaging, which must not be aluminum or galvanized. The storage area must be well ventilated.

It is acceptable to stack products in stacks up to 2.6 m in height and with a distance between them of 0.6 m. The humidity level in the warehouse should not be high. The semi-finished product is stored temporarily for the period of stopping soap production.

In the absence of cooking production, soap layers of soap are transported to other regions for their further processing into finished goods.

Range

The variety of laundry soap rolls over. Traditionally, this product is classified according to the following criteria:

• Appointment;
• Consistency (solid, liquid, ointment and powder);
• The volume of acidic fats (1, 2 and 3 groups);
• Preparation method: sawn, sound or glue production;
• Color: normal or brightened;
• Fillers: aromatic, coloring, abrasive or antibacterial additives;
• Shape: rectangular or complex.

The production of laundry soap, as well as its testing and acceptance, must comply with state standards. This is a universal product that is in great demand, despite the wide selection of detergents on the market.

This product is purchased by individuals, and almost all enterprises. Such demand will not slow down the search for its consumer, which makes this business beneficial.

The quantity and complexity depends on the range of soap produced. technical equipment. Therefore, the first decision is made on the type of soap being created, which will have its end users.

Equipment for the production of

In order to save money, organizing such a business does not require a large amount of equipment.

A line of 50 kg per hour is enough, consisting of: 2 digesters, a melting vessel, a mixer, a 2-stage screw press for sawing, cutting and marking equipment, stamping molds and a compressor.

To accommodate necessary equipment, which will be served by one person, it will be necessary to rent a room of 16 sq. m. Initial investment - up to half a million rubles. Later the line can be completed with accessories. The profitability of such production is about 50%.

direct production

For the manufacture will require raw materials - animal and vegetable fats and oils or their mixtures and waste. The highest fatty acids are washed with caustic alkalis, obtaining solid, soft or liquid soaps.

It is possible to use fat substitutes and fillers to reduce fat consumption and make the material plasticity and foaminess.

Melting in boilers, a solution of caustic soda is added to the fat in a thin stream, continuously stirring the constantly boiling raw materials. They start with a weak solution - in 8-10%, then in 18-20% and finally 32-33%.

Adding small portions of water to the boiler will ensure the liquid state of the raw material. By adding alkali, it will become dark and uniform. The finished mass is checked for fluidity with a wooden spatula and should look like long transparent threads of soapy bone boiled glue.

Having settled, the mass is poured into molds and allowed to cool under natural conditions for 24 hours. Bars or layers are cut with a mass of 400 g and a stamp is applied to them. Packing is made in wooden boxes.

Soap making equipment is now very popular, as soap making handmade- profitable and very fast payback type of business. How much money will be needed to start working in this area and what secrets will bring success in the market - read in our article.

The homemade soap making mini business is popular among entrepreneurs. Its important advantage is a relatively small initial financial investment, high profitability and quick payback. Consumers find handmade soap more natural and healthier, and also often get it as a gift as a beautiful souvenir.

The demand for this product continues to grow. According to experts, Russian market soap making is covered by less than half- that is, new manufacturers have every chance to occupy their niche without high competition.

How soap is made

The technology for making soap at home from scratch is not so complicated like other types of production. It can be mastered in a few weeks and improved in the future. In a simplified form, the technology for making soap looks like this: a soap base is poured into metal pans, boiled with the addition of various ingredients, and then poured into molds or cut into rectangular pieces. After that, the soap hardens and cools at room temperature for 3 days.

The quality of the product largely depends on the quality of the soap base, but the recipe also plays an important role. It is better to learn several ways to cook ordinary and liquid soaps and detergents. You can find them on the Internet in the public domain, and for rarer ones, you should contact experts or take training in special courses.

Consumers find handmade soap more natural and healthier

What you need to get started

A sample soap business plan includes several points. Attention should be focused on costs and revenues, equipment acquisition and product distribution channels. advantage home production soaps are relatively low cost and no need to hire a large staff. Often one person does the job.

Expenses

• 1. room. Some entrepreneurs organize the production of soap on own kitchen, but in this case we can only talk about small parties and a modest income. It is better to equip a separate room with an area of ​​at least 40 square meters, which makes it possible to organize a production area and a storage area. The rent of such an area in the regions of Russia is approximately 30-50 thousand rubles.
  2. Equipment. Soap factories buy a large number of different equipment, but a mini-enterprise can get by with a much smaller list, namely: an electric or gas stove, metal pans, wooden molds, a large knife for cutting soap - about 25-30 thousand rubles.
  3. Raw materials. It is more profitable to buy a soap base in large volumes, tens or even hundreds of kilograms. On average, 1 ton of base is used for 600 kilograms of finished soap. It is necessary to study the offers of different suppliers. In addition to the price, you need to consider the quality and reliability of the manufacturer. On average, 10 kilograms of soap base can be bought for 2 thousand rubles.
  4. Additional Ingredients. To produce a soap that is unique and interesting to buyers, it is necessary to add a variety of oils, vitamins and herbs. Most often used in soap making:
     • essential oils (the more aromas, the better);
     • perfume compositions;
     • vitamins;
     • sea ​​salt;
     • coconut flakes;
     • coffee;
     • fruit acids, herbs and flowers.

     For all supplements, you will have to pay about 10-15 thousand rubles. Also, whole flower buds, paper, napkins are sometimes used to decorate soap. They do not affect the quality of the product in any way, but simply attract the buyer, giving the soap a marketable appearance.

  5. Package. You can try to find a suitable one on the Internet, but most likely you will have to order it yourself. Most often, soap is packaged in transparent polyethylene (does not hide the beauty of the soap bar from the buyer) or in paper (a more environmentally friendly, but expensive way). For packaging for the first six months of work, it is necessary to plan about 20-30 thousand rubles in the budget. You may also have to spend money on label design and company logo.

Soap workshops are very cost-effective

Thus, to start a business in the field of soap making, about 300-400 thousand rubles are required. This is a very small amount compared to the initial capital in other directions.

Income

Soap workshops are very profitable. On average, entrepreneurs manage to recoup their initial investment in 4-5 months, which is much less than the payback of other business lines. This is due not only to small investments, but also to low costs at all subsequent stages, as well as savings on wages.

On average, a piece of handmade soap in Russia is sold for 100-200 rubles. The profit depends entirely on the margin and the quantity of goods sold. Productive mini-soap factories manage to earn up to 100 thousand rubles a month. However, this amount of work cannot be done by one person.

Employees

If an entrepreneur plans volume production, it will not be possible to cope solely on their own, they will have to hire workers. Most often, in such cases, piecework wages are used - the employee's salary depends on the amount of brewed or packaged soap. The list usually includes:

• soap maker;
• soap maker assistant (optional);
• packer.

All employees must receive appropriate training. It doesn't have to be professional courses, although, of course, they guarantee the professionalism of workers. On the other hand, now there are a lot of videos and information on the Internet that allow you to master this craft on your own.

If you need the services of a designer, it is better to hire freelancers. The presence of a full-time designer is not necessary for a soap shop and may result in loss. It is desirable that the entrepreneur himself also takes an active part in the work of the workshop.

Must have the simplest soap without fragrance

Why is it important to create a wide range of products

For good sales it is better to initially cook several types of soap. The choice of cosmetics is now very wide, so it is better to immediately offer customers different flavors of soap. In assortment the presence of the simplest soap without fragrances is required- it will interest people with allergies, parents of small children and just lovers of everything more natural.

Baby soap should not contain any aromatic additives, let alone scrubs, with the exception of vitamins. Soap for children is best poured into special forms in the form of animals, flowers and toys. Buyers of baby soap are primarily interested in the safety of cosmetics, and secondly - the opportunity to involve children in hygiene through entertainment.

The production of laundry soap can also bring a good income. It is brewed from sodium or potassium salt and fatty acids, without the use of cosmetic fragrances. This is a very inexpensive production. Many people still use laundry soap in everyday life, replacing dozens of cosmetic products with it. On the Internet, you can find a lot of recommendations about the benefits of using such soap for hair, face, against microbes during periods of influenza epidemics, and even as a prevention of infectious and viral diseases. Experts disagree on whether this is true, but this information helps producers to earn a stable income.

Shaving soap Russian production often causes dissatisfaction among consumers, as it is no different from toilet. According to experts, such a soap must meet several requirements at once: do not cause irritation and dryness, provide a smooth and safe shave, moisturize and heal the skin. Therefore, the ingredients in such a product must be tested and hypoallergenic. For example, shaving soaps should not contain lime or other citrus fruits- they provoke irritation.

Among the components good soap for shaving are often found: coconut oil, light rosin, stearin, beef fat. Potato or maize starch is added to such soap - it contributes to the formation of a thick soapy foam, which makes shaving easier. If an entrepreneur finds reliable suppliers of such raw materials and masters the recipe for making special shaving soap, he will definitely attract customers, including wholesalers. They will be the growing popularity of men's hairdressers.

Selling over the Internet is the most profitable

Who sell handmade soap

It is important not only to brew a quality product, but also to find good distribution channels. Some entrepreneurs open their own stores, rent premises in shopping malls etc. However, this is costly because it requires additional costs, hiring additional staff, and the profitability of such a store is unlikely to be high.

Quite good option will be the delivery of products to cosmetics stores, gifts or souvenirs. The disadvantage of this method of marketing is the intermediary markup - the product will cost more, which will scare away some buyers. However, you should definitely try this option.

Selling over the Internet is the most profitable, since there are no extra charges for renting space and remuneration of employees. The downside is the need to invest in creating an online store and advertising your site. In addition, it is important for some buyers to see the product with their own eyes (high-quality photos will partially help out here).

How to advertise and sell your products

Despite so far low competition in the soap industry, an entrepreneur, entering the market, it is necessary to widely inform potential buyers about their products. This can be done by publishing and distributing special catalogs and leaflets.

Internet advertising is of great importance. Groups should be created and maintained regularly. social networks(Vkontakte and Instagram are best suited for sales). Take a good photo of your product and post daily beautiful pictures with small signatures motivating to buy your product. For many buyers, it is important to know as much information as possible about the products they are purchasing - tell us how you make soap, why you add certain ingredients, why they are useful, and so on. This will make your page interesting and memorable.

If production begins to bring good profit, you should think about creating your own website and online store. For its development, you will have to pay about 10 thousand rubles, and subsequently regularly maintain, fill with content and update. However, these costs will pay off.

Conclusion

For an aspiring entrepreneur, working in the soap industry can be a source of good income. Making homemade soap requires small investments and pays for itself in just a few months. This is a promising industry with low competition. Natural cosmetic products are in stable demand, and competently approaching the organization of the workflow, the businessman will definitely take a leading position in the market.