What is the utility fee for. Find out more about what is included in the housing and communal services

Housing and communal services provide residents with 2 types of services- communal and residential, which are designed to increase comfort in multi-apartment and private premises, where appropriate communications are carried out. In turn, these services are required to continuously provide amenities for the comfort of customers, and users - to pay for the benefit received.

Utilities:

The set of energy resources provided to the consumer depends on the degree of well-being of the residential premises and the connected engineering and communication systems.

What is included here:

1. Water supply: cold and hot water, as well as drainage.
2. Heating- provided during the cold season and has standards for the period of heat supply, depending on the weather conditions in a particular area.
3. Power supply- corresponding to requirements of standards in the Russian Federation (220V).
4. Gas supply- can serve as a fuel for heating the room, and a source of fire for the operation of gas stoves.

Note: according to the Rosstat system, in public utilities also includes the maintenance of meters and operational networks for the uninterrupted supply of resources to the client.

Housing:

As a rule, residents do not separate the concepts of communal and housing (maintenance of common property) services, classifying them as one type, which is understandable - the consumer has to pay for everything according to receipts that do not distinguish between suppliers.

What is included in this service:

1. Identification of nonconformity maintenance of common property to the standards of the Russian Federation, threats to the health and safety of residents.
2. Providing lighting in public places.
3. Compliance in common areas temperature regime and humidity.
4. Observation to maintain standards fire safety both indoors and during renovations.
5. Waste removal, both liquid (wastewater) and solid (garbage). Cleaning the garbage chute, premises and adjacent territories from waste and compliance with sanitary standards in public places.
6. landscaping adjacent territories, landscaping, cleaning.
7. Training living quarters for the heating season, repair of communications.
8. Overhaul premises, cleaning in entrances and yards, repair of elevators.

All owners apartment buildings are obliged to bear financial responsibility for the maintenance of public places, regularly pay the bills provided and require the appropriate performance of housing and communal services duties.

Short reference: in terms of inefficiency and quality of service, housing and communal services occupy one of the first places in the world. Losses during transportation, according to international agencies, are:

• energy resources - about 2 trillion kW/h annually;
• drinking water - 45 million m 3;

Payment for comm. rental services

When renting a dwelling, an agreement is drawn up between the owner and the tenant of the apartment. It must specify in what way and who will pay utility bills.

If this procedure is not included in the agreement, then all bills from the housing and communal services will come in the name of the one who rents the premises, i.e., the rightful owner.

Therefore, no matter how you agree among yourself on the method of paying bills - fix everything in detail in the contract. By this, the landlord will protect himself from an unscrupulous tenant of the apartment.

There are several payment methods:

1. Option 1. The landlord includes the cost of utility bills in the amount of the rent. The tenant pays only the landlord a fixed rate for living, and he, in turn, pays the bills. Note: this method is rather trustworthy, since it assumes the decency of both the landlord and the tenant.
2. Option 2. The tenant independently enters into contracts with suppliers and pays only the amounts that the housing and communal services bill him. For the tenant, this method is good because there is no overpayment, which is possible in the first case. For the owner, this method is better because there is no need to deal with payment issues and relieve yourself of responsibility in case of non-payment by the employer. Note: for long lease terms, this method is the most convenient for both parties.
3. Option 3. The tenant pays for utilities, but does not conclude a contract, but pays the bills on behalf of the landlord. This method must be described in detail in the agreement - who pays for what. Which resources are used by the employer and which are not. Note: the owner will be faced with the task of monitoring timely payment, which in our time is not difficult to do online, without disturbing the tenants.

What if one of the services was disabled for a long time?

The tightening of rules for the use of energy resources and rising prices are becoming a problem for many citizens. Worst of all, when the apartment is disconnected from the supply of some kind of necessary resource, or almost all. What to do in such a case?

To understand, consider situations when a provider can stop providing a service. Let's skip the emergency and repair work of the supply services and move on to those caused by the owner of the home.

Legitimate reasons for disconnection:

1. When the user did not pay for at least one service within 2 months (housing maintenance is not included here). The contractor is obliged to notify the tenant in writing about the disconnection and indicate what resource he may lose after 30 days. They do not have the right to shut off cold water, drainage and heating.
2. If the owner of the apartment connected to the supply systems arbitrarily, without having permission to conduct such an operation. This is especially dangerous when installing new gas equipment. In addition, such amateur activity can pose a threat of damage to the property of other residents in an apartment building.
3. If the landlord violates the established norms for the use of energy resources and uses the connection of devices whose power exceeds specifications engineering systems in home.
4. When supply systems are in poor condition located in the apartment, violating the norms of operation and being a source of threat to citizens living in neighboring premises.

Note: providers can only turn off the service for which you do not pay. The debt is accrued at the standard rates of expenditure of resources. For example, if in 2 months you have used less water, then you will not be sent a notification yet (provided that there is a meter).

Stop the supply of services should not "suddenly", but by warning you in writing. If after that, there will be no calculation, then within 3 days you can be periodically turned off and on, and at the end of the period - to stop the supply completely.

What to do?

The supplier, despite the termination of the service, does not terminate the previously concluded agreement and you are still its full client. The ability to restore the supply of the resource remains.

What can be done for this:

1. Get in touch with the supplier and agree on the installment plan. At your request and based on the current situation, draw up an agreement. After that, the supply of services will be resumed, and you will have to pay the current account and part of the debt.
2. When there is a difficult financial problem , then you can contact budget organization at the place of residence, where, with justified reasons for insolvency, you can receive a subsidy for paying utility bills.
3. If you are in a similar situation due to absence at the place of registration, it is necessary to submit documents confirming this fact. Ask to recalculate for this period and resume the supply of all services.

Short reference: losses of heat supply are catastrophic, the closer to the source, the lower the efficiency of energy conservation. So, efficiency:

• CHP- an average of 50%;
• offline source(boiler room) - 85%;
• in apartments - 93%;

What is the quality of the services provided?

To defend consumer rights, you need to know allowable norms supply of energy resources to judge the quality of work of suppliers.

The general rule for all utilities is:

1. In an uninterrupted supply.
2. In full(pressure of water, gas).
3. According with RF regulations.

Water- hot, should be ‒ 60 °С, if it is lower than ‒ 40 °С, then you have to pay as for cold. In turn, cold water must meet sanitary standards and comply with the standards of the Russian Federation, that is, it must be drinkable.

Gas- free of impurities, meeting quality standards and system pressure regulations (which usually complies with regulations, since it is an explosive fuel component).

Electricity- in addition to uninterrupted supply, it must be supplied in accordance with voltage standards - 220 V, without jumps and drops.

Temperature regime the premises should be as follows:

1. In living rooms– from 18 °С; in corners - 22 ° С.
2. The bathroom needs to warm up- up to 25 °С heat.
3. On the stairwell- 16 °C.

Exceptions are possible during planned repair work(obliged to warn), in the event of an accident, or to prevent the threat of damage or harm to property of citizens.

In case of inappropriate work of service delivery services, citizens have the right to apply for recalculation and not pay for services that are provided in violation of the rules.

Short reference: it is not necessary to wait for a high level of work of the housing and communal services, since the depreciation of the fixed assets belonging to it is 60%, and a quarter of them have long served their time. The restoration of infrastructure requires 3.5 trillion rubles, and according to other sources, from 9 to 10 trillion rubles.

In need of modernization and investment of funds are:

1. Power grids - 720 billion
2. Transformer substations - 300 billion rubles.
3. Boiler houses - 400 billion rubles.
4. Thermal networks - 500 billion rubles.
5. Treatment facilities - 200 billion rubles.
6. Sewer networks - 350 billion rubles.
7. Water supply - 650 billion rubles.

State investments in housing and communal services in 2013 amounted to a trillion rubles.

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They discuss all the nuances of making payments by residents and organizations for the provision of housing and communal services to the population.

In order to be able to fully use all the provided housing and communal services and in order to avoid disputes, the tenant must know their types. What is included in the utility services, for what services we pay, we will consider in the article.

What is included in the utility services?

The supply of the house with the necessary resources is carried out by companies (partnerships) that have licenses for this.

Housing and communal services - what is included in the maintenance of housing and what is it?

The full list of utilities is as follows:

1. Cold water supply. The main requirements for cold water are safety from pathogens and unacceptable chemical impurities. Water supply (both cold and hot) must be constant, a break of more than 8 hours per month is unacceptable, in case of accidents - more than 24 hours.
2. Hot water supply. In addition to the above requirements, there are also temperature standards - from 65 to 75 degrees Celsius () with slight possible deviations.
3. Water disposal (sewerage). Housing must have a sewage disposal system. Water supply and sanitation is regulated by Federal Law No. 416 of December 7, 2011 "On Water Supply and Sanitation".
4. Heat supply. This type of service is determined by the air temperature in the apartment or other premises. It should not fall below +18 degrees (+15 for entrances) for regular rooms and +20 for corner rooms. Permissible shutdown time (during the heating season) is 24 hours per month. Legal consolidation - Federal Law No. 190 of July 27, 2010 "On Heat Supply".
5. Gasification. Household gas is not connected in all houses and apartments, but if the housing is connected to unified system, then its payment is included in utilities, in accordance with the Federal Law of 03.03.99 No. 69 “On gas supply in the Russian Federation”.
6. Electricity. Power outages should not last more than 2 hours for two sources and 24 hours for one source.
7. Public area lighting.

List of municipal utilities and their features

Another kind of envisaged functions in the field housing– municipal services in the field of housing and communal services.

Such services are not associated with individual apartments or houses, but also provide a comfortable existence for the owners or owners of housing.

The main types of housing and communal services:

• home maintenance, repair duties. The purpose of the function is to maintain the health of the premises (legal support - and Government Decree of 13.08.06 No. 491);
• overhaul, unscheduled and current repairs;
• garbage disposal - waste, garbage chute, etc.;
• other provided and paid services. For example, housing and communal services are provided for cleaning of entrances, elevators and adjacent territory, round-the-clock security and secure parking, concierge, food delivery, help desk and much more.

  Such services do not have to be present in every house, but if they are, then the payment is made according to the established tariffs (usually all municipal benefits are calculated based on living space).

Utilities and rent

The rent is fixed in the law and an exhaustive list of payments included in it is indicated in article 154 Housing Code RF.
According to it, the owner (owner, tenant, if provided by the contract) is obliged to general conditions pay for the list of housing and communal services included in the rent:

• relevant contributions for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, common property of an apartment building;
• payment at tariffs for provided and used communal and municipal services (the list of housing and communal services is above).

You can pay the bill at the offices of the Russian Post, via the Internet, by bank transfer, or at electronic terminals with such functionality. The amount of the rent is formed separately for each position on the basis of agreements with the company (companies) providing services.

Operation of property and maintenance of housing

What is maintenance services in housing and communal services?

The lists of housing and communal services may also include paid maintenance services.

They are provided to persons living in residential premises, and payments are made for them.

The operated property, for the use of which the tariff price is determined, includes:

• fixed telephone connection;
• TV, Internet;
• common household property that needs maintenance;
• intercom;
• guard post and much more.

It should be noted that operational housing and communal services are paid only if they are available and used by residents, for example, in the absence of an intercom, no one has the right to demand money for it.

The list of services of the housing and communal services management company for the maintenance of housing services:

All disputes, inconsistencies and problems with poor-quality housing and communal services, contracts in the field of housing and communal services are resolved exclusively in the legal plane. Lawyers provide services in matters of:

• unlawful increase in tariffs, especially provided that the quality of services does not change;
• deterioration of living conditions;
• disconnection of utilities for periods exceeding those established by law, as well as non-compliance with standards (for example, hot water of insufficient temperature);
• failure of any of the parties to fulfill their obligations, or illegal excess of rights (infringement of the rights of others);
• any structures or systems in the apartment or house are malfunctioning;
• inaction of authorized persons and organizations.

Additional and imposed

In addition to the obligatory paid utility, municipal and other services, there are additional new paid housing and communal services options that are not included in the maintenance of the house.

The most common of them are additional protective systems, such as video surveillance, security, alarms, and more.

Many unscrupulous companies charge improper fees for various services. Most often illegally paid:

1. Additional services of the housing and communal services management company not included in the contract.
2. Mandatory services included in the contract, if a separate fee is charged for them in excess of the norm.
3. Fees for the activities of the organization (remuneration, commissions, etc.).

According to article 16 of the Consumer Protection Law, the performer is not entitled to impose his paid services not provided for in the contract.

In case of violation of the rights of tenants, they can resolve the dispute out of court, through a claim, apply to the housing inspectorate, the prosecutor's office or the court.

It is important for each owner (owner, tenant) of housing to know the list of payments that are mandatory and payments that are imposed illegally.

A citizen has the right to protect his rights by any in a legal way and protect yourself from illegal actions of service companies providing services in the housing and communal services sector.

It is difficult to imagine modern life without the many benefits of civilization. Let them not always be at the level we would like them to be, but many have them. And one of them is utilities. What is included in them? How important are they to maintaining a standard of living? And for hygiene and from a medical point of view? We will talk about this in the framework of this article.

general information

So, utilities - what is it? Does this include everything that is referred to as “default”, or are there specific points? For the majority of citizens of the Russian Federation housing and communal services is a dark forest. This is sad. After all, not all employees of the relevant structures are distinguished by honesty and conscientiousness, and as a result, the citizens themselves suffer from their own legal illiteracy. Alas, the law Russian Federation designed in such a way that in order to use your own rights, you should know about them, as well as enforce them. Therefore, it often happens that quite legitimate requirements are not met due to ignorance. As a result, you have to pay for public services or not receive the benefits.

The only way out this moment- is to improve their own legal education. For many, this state of affairs may seem rather complicated, but once you want to figure it out, you will see that this is not the case. After all, there are many pleasant moments here. But let's see what it is - utilities. Do they include everything we think?

What does not suit?

One has only to mention the housing and communal services, as many are already beginning to distort. Someone remembers long queues (fortunately, this problem is significantly solved thanks to the virtualization of the payment process and ecommerce), others - about a significant deception. Many are faced with bills that are several times larger than necessary. This happens due to the fact that housing and communal services employees, making mistakes or counting on our inattention, issue invoices for services that are not used. Therefore, after reading this article, you will be able to:

1. Justify the recalculation of payment for services rendered.
2. Competently draw up a plan of a private house in the conduct of individual housing construction.
3. Receive subsidies and benefits to improve living conditions.

What are public services?

What's this? Included in this concept is the provision of citizens with the elementary benefits necessary for comfortable living. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides that they should be in every house and apartment. What is included in utilities? The list is attached:

1. Bathroom or shower, as well as a sink or sink with a working faucet.
2. Electricity and sockets according to established standards.
3. Sewerage.
4. Heating system that works flawlessly. And it does not include heating appliances. That is, if there is no battery and a portable heater is used, then you can apply for a subsidy.

Speaking in competent legal language, these were the means of providing services. What's the difference here? Well, let's find out. Not all services are required. Some of them are optional. What is included in utilities? Optional list attached:

1. Gas supply.
2. Hot water supply.

The right to choose one of the two or both at once is provided. Consider three small examples:

1. Gas supply should be issued in cases where there is equipment that runs on gas fuel. After all, if the stove runs on electricity, then why is it?
2. Those people who have a gas burner installed in the bathroom can refuse hot water supply. This device allows you to quickly and easily heat water to the desired temperature. As you might guess, it runs on gas. At the same time, it should be noted high speed heating.
3. If there is a gas stove, but no burner, then both services should be connected. But this is an extremely disadvantageous option. Although it is quite common.

Mandatory services. What to do if they are disabled?

Earlier we talked about funds. What is included in utilities? Their list looks like this:

1. Heating system.
2. Cold water supply.
3. Electricity.
4. Sewerage.

If the house does not have one of these amenities, then citizens have the right to write to the prosecutor's office and apply for damages. To receive services from the above lists is legal right each person. But you should pay attention: if you do not pay for utility services for a long time (usually this means a period of six months), then you will be deprived of the right to receive them. Such sanctions can be imposed in relation to both individual apartments and entire houses.

But what if there is a payment, and one of the mandatory services was disabled without explanation for a significant period? In such a case, a person can claim a refund of part of the money that was paid. To do this, you need to make a recalculation. In fact, it represents a compensation for funds not provided for services, if planned work was not announced. Let's take a small example. In winter, we are heated by a heating system without a meter (that is, payment is according to the tariff). There was no heating from January 26 to February 4. But the bill will come in full, as if there was no break. In this case, a citizen should contact the housing and communal services office, which owns the house, and write an application for recalculation. And next month there will be a reduced heating bill as compensation for the inconvenience. So we examined what is included in the payment of utilities from the point of view of legislation.

What is fixed at the national level?

Initially, it should be noted that from the point of view of legislation, housing and communal services are divided in their own way:

1. Procedure for approving tariffs/prices.
2. Functional purpose.

In the first case, there are three groups:

1. First. This includes housing and communal services, tariffs/prices for which are approved by authorized central executive authorities.
2. Second group. This includes housing and communal services, tariffs / prices for which are approved by authorized local governments within the territory under their jurisdiction.
3. Third group. This includes housing and communal services, tariffs/prices for which are approved exclusively within the framework of agreements concluded between the parties.

Depending on the functional purpose, the legislation divides into:

1. Public utilities. This includes centralized hot and cold water supply, drainage, electricity and gas supply, heating, and household waste disposal.
2. Services for the maintenance of houses, structures and adjacent territories. This is understood as cleaning the premises and the area, maintaining the health of networks, elevators, lighting, current repairs and sanitary maintenance.
3. Services for the management of a building, a house or a group of them. This includes balance sheet, conclusion of contracts and control over their execution.
4. Services for the repair of premises, structures and houses. This refers to the replacement, strengthening or reconstruction of networks and individual elements, the renewal of the bearing capacity.

Here's what's included in the utility bill. Of course, this is not all legal information. It also specifies access. responsible persons in the event of an accident or emergency, and the same minimum standards, as well as the procedure for the provision of public services.

small digression

So, the maintenance of housing is included in utilities. Moreover, this means not just the fulfillment of duties for show, but the high-quality provision of comfortable living conditions. Knowing what is included in the concept of "utilities", it is much easier to be aware of what the payment orders that come to us every month should be. But at the same time, there are a fairly large number of specific points.

About rent

Now every young family or promising specialist is not allocated housing. Therefore, the question of what is included in the utilities for rent is becoming more and more relevant. In a standard situation, if an agreement is concluded between the owner and the guest, it is stipulated that all bills received will be paid by the second. Further, the situation will be considered from the position that the interaction is carried out in the legal field. In other words, an agreement was concluded and the relevant authorities were informed about it.

In this case, the tenant may demand that the utilities fulfill their obligations, which they must fulfill, in full. That is, if there is a break in heating in winter, despite the fact that the “tariff” interaction scheme is in effect, a person has full right contact the housing and communal services department with a claim for compensation. As a confirmation of your rights, you can use the concluded contract. Otherwise, housing and communal services employees may ask on what basis he requires it. And even call the police, who will record the conduct of an unregistered entrepreneurial activity- delivery of property - with all the ensuing consequences. To avoid such moments, in the absence of contracts, you can agree with the owner that utilities are included in the rent, and he is independently involved in their provision and payment.

Making claims

Let's look at how the interaction with representatives of the housing and communal services is conducted. In the event of violations of the agreed terms of the contract, the consumer can apply to the structure to draw up a claim act, which indicates the terms, indicators, types of deviations. Theoretically, you can call a representative of the housing and communal services, if it is provided for by the contract. And he will have to appear on time, which is provided for by this document. After that, the claim act is jointly drawn up and confirmed by signatures. If the representative of the performer refuses to put his autograph on the document, then it is necessary that at least two consumers confirm its veracity. Otherwise, it will be declared invalid.

After that, the act-claim is transferred to the contractor. And he must decide within three days whether to recalculate payments or issue a written refusal to the consumer, which will contain justifications for not satisfying his claims. In the latter case, you can try to solve the problem through the court. At the same time, the possibility of a pre-trial settlement of the dispute remains open. In the event of a decision that the contractor performed his tasks poorly, evaded direct duties, although the maintenance of housing is included in utilities, he will have to fix everything. In such cases, you can also claim some compensation. In this case, the verification of indicators of expenses, quality of services, etc. is used, depending on the object of the claim.

The control

It is not enough to know what is included in housing and communal services. It is also necessary to control the work of housing and communal services. In general, there are good opportunities for this in the Russian Federation. But again, you need to be aware of this. Every citizen has the right to be aware of what services are included in public services, what is provided to him, what money is spent on, and in what volume. Having data, he can compare with offers on the market, analyze the work of various departments of the housing and communal services, in which case, to fix violations or simply suspicious deviations. If they are identified, having information documents in hand, you can contact the prosecutor's office to investigate possible abuse. In general, to maintain the situation at a more or less decent level, it is enough for one person out of several hundred to be active. But in order to bring the situation to a high level, everyone should take care of where the funds are spent, what we pay.

Conclusion

Here we have considered the topic of the article. Now everyone knows that water supply, heating, sewerage and electricity are included in utilities. No wonder they say that knowledge is power. For indeed they provide substantial opportunities for the protection of their rights. This article is likely to serve as a start for a new person. For knowing what you can claim, you begin to act. Those who understand what is rightfully theirs can fight to have it implemented or even further expanded. And along with this, the level of comfort of life will grow, which will have a good effect on each of us. You should not deviate from the opportunities provided, this good start a better life.