Mini equipment for the production of plastic cups. How to choose equipment for the production of disposable tableware: machine and thermoforming machine

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Russian factories of disposable tableware

— catalog for 2020. 50 enterprises provided goods. Factories disposable tableware:

• "Plastic DV"
• "Atlas".
• "Artplast".
• "Bulgari Green" and others.

Manufacturers have mastered the production of plastic and paper products. Plastic products occupied 80% of the market, paper 20%. The company offered a range of products: cups, containers, plates. The production also produces glasses for drink machines. Production equipment has been modernized. Companies have mastered sales through online stores.

Manufacturing organizations have launched the production of recycled plastic products. Food manufacturers and food companies use disposable utensils everywhere. The business introduced new packaging methods and used safe raw materials. Prices Russian products up to 70% more profitable than imported ones.

Transport organizations will help with delivery throughout Moscow and the Moscow region, to federal regions and abroad. Enterprises entered their addresses and telephone numbers in the “Contacts” tab on the exhibition website. Russian manufacturer looking for suppliers, wholesale buyers. A company employee will inform you how to buy goods in bulk, download the price list, and conclude a dealer agreement. The list is being updated.

In this article:

Disposable plastic tableware is no longer a new product. This is an affordable and convenient way to reduce cleaning time and the weight of luggage on vacation or during transportation. Despite the periodic noise in the press about the dangers of plastic containers, they are in wide and constant demand. Because this is comfort for little money, and the “danger” of plastic for food is easily neutralized by its correct use. This product will always have its buyer. But will its production be profitable? Let's look at it step by step.

Areas of application and possible sales

Plastic products on the disposable tableware market today: plates, cups, glasses, skewers, drink stirrers, spoons, knives, forks, trays and food storage containers various forms and sizes. Dishes are made from plain and foamed polystyrene (for cold foods) or polypropylene (for high temperatures, microwave ovens).

Areas of application plastic dishes:

• catering outlets operating on the principles of “fast food” (pancake houses, pizzerias, children’s cafes, canteens);
• enterprises that deliver ready-made meals to your home or office;
• grocery stores;
• food production enterprises;
• outlets with goods in bulk (confectionery, dairy products, ready-made salads).

A huge segment in the disposable tableware market is occupied by plastic cups - they are used almost everywhere: in offices, sanatoriums, children's and sports institutions(for coolers, in vending machines for hot and cold drinks, in the catering industry). Of course, the level of competition here is much higher than in the manufacture of other plastic tableware products.

To start production, you need to decide on the product range. To do this, you need to assess the presence of competing enterprises in the region, their range and pricing policy. Despite the large number of offers on the market for plastic products, there may not be any worthy competitors, since a huge amount of plastic tableware is imported from China, and, as practice shows, the buyer is more loyal to a domestic manufacturer, even if the price of its products is higher.

Organizational issues of registering a business producing plastic utensils

Choosing an organizational form for legal registration business depends on the size of the planned profit. This can be as an individual entrepreneur (for small enterprise), and LLC. For the latter, despite the larger amount of paperwork, it is much easier to agree on cooperation with large enterprises both when purchasing raw materials and when concluding supply contracts for finished products. Traditionally, there is more trust in a legal entity. And VAT reimbursement is important in the tax optimization procedure. Therefore, optimal organizational form to open production – LLC on common system taxation, including VAT.

The following code should be indicated as the main activity: 25.24.2 production of plastic tableware and kitchen utensils and toiletries

Activities for the production of plastic utensils are not licensed, but certificates and specifications for compliance will be required finished products SanPiN standards and GOST requirements.

Please note the following regulatory documents:

• GOST R 50962-96 – “Dishes and household products made of plastic. Are common technical specifications»;
• GOST 15820-82 - “Polystyrene and styrene copolymers”;
• GN 2.3.3.972-00 - instead of SanPiN No. 42-123-4240-86 “Permissible amounts of migration (APM) of chemical substances released from polymers and other materials in contact with food products and methods for their determination";
• SP 2.2.2.1327-03 – “Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and workplace";
• GN 2.2.4.1313-03 - “Maximum concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area.”

Nuances of choosing a production facility

If you plan to produce a full cycle with the operation of an extruder, the following requirements must be met:

• the height of the room is not lower than 4.5 m;
• floor – concrete or tiles;
• walls - 1.5-2 m from the floor surface are finished with non-combustible material;
• good ventilation; - ability to connect to a water supply system;
• connection to a 3-phase power supply.

If finished film is used as a raw material (in fact, the work is carried out on a heat press and packaging), the ceiling height is permissible lower, but not less than 3.5 m.

According to its functional purpose, the production premises should be divided into the following zones:

• Workshop for the production of plastic utensils;
• Administrative and amenity premises;
• Warehouse for storing raw materials;
• Warehouse for storing finished products;
• Changing rooms for staff;
• Bathroom.

Raw materials - choose quality

Technological process for the production of plastic tableware

Depending on the type of product, there are two technologies for producing plastic tableware: molding and casting. The injection molding method produces thick-walled tableware (cutlery, premium goods: shot glasses, wine glasses, glasses in individually made molds). The casting process is quite slow, production costs are high, since here the weight determines the quality and strength of the finished product. For example, the weight of a standard cup with a capacity of 200 ml is 3 g, made by injection molding - up to 10 g.

Making tableware using the molding method is more promising for mass consumption. The automated molding line can produce up to 30 million cups (13-18 million plates) per month.

Let us consider step by step the technology for manufacturing plastic utensils using this method:

1. Raw materials in the form of polyester residues ( recycling) or finished granules are fed into the extruder. If you plan to produce colored tableware, colored granules are added to the white ones.

2. In the extruder, the granules are heated to the melting point, the melt is constantly mixed using a screw press. Having reached the desired consistency, the mass passes through a press, forming a plastic sheet about 2 mm thick. Basic Requirement– uniform thickness of the resulting product.

3. Ready The film roll enters the thermoforming machine, where, depending on the type of product, molds of various configurations are used.

4. But before forming blanks for future dishes, the film needs to be heated. To do this, it is sent through a 3-meter furnace, which heats the material to a plastic state.

5. In a thermoforming machine, the web is sucked tightly into the molds.

Using a press, row after row is squeezed out finished goods(cups, plates, packaging).

7. The resulting film scraps are disposed of for further use. Thus, manufacturing process turns out to be waste-free.

8. The trimmer transfers the products to the machine, which stacks the products and transfers them to the conveyor belt.

9. The belt transfers the products to the packaging. Or for further modification (heating and rolling the top edge of the cups to form rounded rims; applying printed images and logos), and then onto the packaging.

We are drawing up a business plan for the production of plastic tableware

1. The enterprise LLC “X” plans to produce the following product

• cutlery (spoons, knives, forks);
• glasses (200 ml capacity);
• dishes.

2. Raw materials and supplies

• for the manufacture of cutlery and plates - polypropylene;
• for cups - polystyrene.

The products produced will be transparent (cups) and white (other products), since color additives contain harmful chemical dyes. The production is waste-free (remains of the film are melted in an extruder for further use).

3. Sales

• stationary catering outlets (50%);
• population and offices (20%) - seasonal outdoor retail outlets (20%);
• cafe (5%);
• lunch delivery, baking and confectionery (8%).

4. Room

Rented industrial premises - 500 m2 * 1400 rubles/m2. Rental cost - 700,000 rubles/month. (RUB 8,400,000/year)

5. Capital investments

A) Technological equipment(the price includes delivery of the line to manufacturing facility, installation, commissioning, personnel training):

• Extruder – RUB 1,048,950,
• Thermoforming machines – 2 pieces * 672,000 rubles = 1,344,000 rubles,
• Molds – 5 pieces * 241,710=RUB 1,208,550,
• Compressor – 600,600 rub.

B) Additional equipment:

• 2 computers and office equipment – ​​65,100 rubles,
• transport (Gazelle car) – 3 * 82,950 = 248,850 rubles.

Total – RUB 4,516,050.

6. Calculation of production capacity

M = production rate (according to technical data) * equipment operating time

It is planned to work in 2 shifts of 8 hours each with a lunch break (Saturday, Sunday, official holidays - weekends).

Predicted operating time of equipment = (calendar days - weekends - holidays) * number of working hours * number of shifts = 249 * 7 * 2 = 3486 hours / year

Less 60 hours/year of downtime for maintenance and renovation work– 3426 hours/year.
Production capacity = standard productivity * number of operating equipment * operating time of equipment

In accordance with the characteristics of the equipment, we will calculate the production capacity for each type of product:

M (glasses) = 20,000 pieces * 1 * 3426 h = 68,520,000 pieces/year

M (plates) = 18,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 61,668,000 pieces/year

M (knives) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces/year

M (forks) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces/year

M (spoons) = 21,000 pieces * 1* 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces/year

7. Calculation of material costs

Material costs for the production of 1 unit of production = quantity consumables* purchase price of the material.

Plates (0.005 kg x 61,668,000 pieces) x 40 rubles = 12,333,600 rubles.

Cups (0.004 kg x 68,520,000 pieces) x 36 rubles = 9,866,880 rubles.

Cutlery - (0.002 kg x 71,946,000 pieces x 3) x 40 rubles = 17,267,040 rubles.

Other material costs(packaging, fuel, etc.) – RUB 9,866,880.

Total material costs – 49,334,400 rubles/year.

8. Personnel and payroll

Number and total wage fund for the year (taking into account vacation pay and seasonal bonuses) to ensure 2-shift operation of the enterprise:

• Director – 435,600 rubles,
• Accountant – 382,800 rubles,
• Technologists (2*211,200 rubles) – 422,400 rubles,
• Equipment adjusters (2*204,600 rubles) - 409,200 rubles,
• Workers (20*198,000) – 3,960,000 rubles,
• Loaders (4*184,800) – 739,200 rubles,
• Drivers (4*171600) – 686,400 rubles,
• Cleaners (2*165,000) – RUB 330,000.

Total total wage fund – 7,365,600 rubles/year

Salary taxes (UST) will amount to RUB 1,915,056/year

During the high season (April-September) it is planned to create additional places and flexible work schedules for general workers (students).

9. Calculation of product costs

The cost per unit of production is calculated as the sum of material costs, costs of wages and social needs (UST), depreciation and other costs (rent + advertising).

Plates – 14,309,976 (material costs) + 1,473,120 (salary) + 383,011.2 (Unified Social Tax) + 1,578,821 (depreciation) + 1,741,000 (rent + advertising) = 19,485,928.20 rubles

Cost of 1 plate - 19,485,928.20 rubles / 61,668,000 pieces = 0.32 rubles

By analogy, we calculate the cost of other products:

• cups – 0.25 rub/piece,
• cutlery – 0.18 rub/piece

10. Determination of the selling wholesale price

Product unit price = Cost of 1 piece + Profit rate (according to standards - 25%)

We calculate the minimum selling price threshold for wholesale:

• plates – 0.32 + (0.32*25%) = 0.40 rub.
• glasses – 0.25 + (0.25*25%) = 0.31 rub.
• cutlery – 0.18 + (0.18*25%) = 0.23 rub.

11. Calculation of the production program

Sales revenue = number of product pieces/year * price per piece

Glasses – 68,520,000 pieces/year*0.31 rubles = 21,241,200 rubles/year

Plates - 61,668,000 pieces/year*0.40 rubles = 24,667,200 rubles/year

Knives - 71,946,000 pieces/year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles/year

Forks - 71,946,000 pieces/year*0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles/year

Spoons - 71,946,000 pieces/year*0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles/year

Total revenue for the year: 95,551,140 rubles/year.

12. Calculation of balance sheet and net profit

Based on the calculated data, we compose financial plan production of plastic tableware in value terms:

• Sales revenue – 95,551,140 rubles/year,
• The cost of dishes is 75,217,160 rubles/year,
• Profit from sales (balance sheet) – 20,333,980 rubles/year, (Revenue - Cost)
• Income tax (20%) – 4,066,796 rubles/year, Net profit = Balance sheet profit – Income tax = 16,267,184 rubles/year.

13. Calculation of profitability

Product profitability is calculated using the formula: P = (Book profit: Cost) x 100%P = 20,333,980: 75,217,160 * 100% = 27%

Conclusion: the business of producing plastic tableware is profitable with large scale sales. Subject to the estimated capacity utilization, the initial investment in a business project can pay off within 2-3 months.

Production of disposable tableware: market analysis + how to register an enterprise + technological features of the production of disposable tableware + raw materials for polystyrene tableware + where to rent premises + personnel search + what profit will the production of disposable tableware bring.

In the 20th century, they could not even imagine that there would be an alternative to heavy ceramic and clay cups and plates. The production of disposable tableware was a breakthrough and a world discovery.

Plates and glasses made of plastic or paper are lightweight, you can take them with you on the road, or use them on trips to nature. The price for such a product is low, so disposable tableware is thrown away after a feast without a single regret.

There is a demand for the product all year round, especially in the summer when people go on picnics, so it can become great business an initiative for Russian entrepreneurs.

We analyze the sales market

In the 20th century, plastic utensils were imported only from abroad, so the price for such goods was too high and there was little demand. In the 21st century, a ban was imposed on the import of polystyrene products into Russia. Many businessmen took advantage of this and began to open their own production of disposable tableware.

Every year, demand from the population has only increased, and this trend - growing popularity - continues to persist.

We can conclude: a novice entrepreneur has every chance to find his niche in the production of disposable tableware.

Who is the wholesale buyer of disposable tableware:

1. Public catering points.
2. Street stalls selling fast food and hot drinks.
3. Outdoor cafes and bars.
4. Organizations engaged in catering (food delivery and organizing lunches).
5. Points selling drinks from vending machines.

Supermarkets also buy disposable tableware, which then sell glasses, plates, and cutlery at retail.

Today people have learned to use polystyrene dishes not only for their intended purpose, but also to create unique products with their own hands. This allows us to reduce the harmful impact on the environment, because the product gets a second life.

As you can see, opening your own production of plastic tableware is a profitable endeavor, especially if no one is doing this in your region yet. You will be able to cover the entire region and even neighboring areas by offering them favorable prices for goods.

How to register a business producing disposable tableware?

What to choose - LLC or individual entrepreneur? Much depends on the volume of goods you plan to enter the market with.

If an enterprise aims to fill the market of one city, then it is enough. This is easy to do by collecting a minimum package of documents.

Documents for registration of individual entrepreneur:

1. Application form No. Р21001 (you can download the example from the link - https://www.nalog.ru/cdn/form/4162994.zip)
2. When you meet with the tax inspector, you need to have your passport and TIN code with you.
3. Pay the state fee (800 rubles) You can do it online through special service: https://service.nalog.ru/gp2.do
4. Submit an application to pay taxes according to the simplified tax system or another form of taxation at your discretion.

Do not forget to indicate in your application the activity code 25.24.2 “Production of plastic tableware, kitchen utensils, and toiletries.”

You do not need to obtain a license to organize production. However, you will be subject to inspections from the Fire Inspectorate, SES, and Rospotrebnadzor, from which you must receive a certificate of product quality and compliance with GOSTs. It is prohibited to start production without permission from supervisory authorities.

The production must have the following documents that confirm the quality of the products:

Payments to clients are carried out, in our time, most often by bank transfer, so it is worth opening a bank account and ordering a stamp in your name.

Disposable tableware production technology

Thanks to modern equipment, the production process itself is reduced to minimal human effort. Most the work is performed by conveyors and presses.

Let us describe the technology for producing disposable tableware in stages:

1. Raw materials are brought to production in polystyrene granules or other substances intended for the production of disposable plastic tableware. It enters a flat-slot extruder, where the process of mixing polystyrene granules with water under the influence of heat occurs to obtain a special melt.
2. The finished mixture is squeezed out through a flat slot. The shafts are made from the mass into sheets several millimeters thick.
3. The sheet must enter the vacuum forming machine. It is at this stage that the material takes the form of utensils - glass, plate, fork, spoon.
4. Then special equipment recalculates the amount of dishes and then packs them.

Each equipment and the tableware material itself has its own specific requirements for temperature during production, shaft power, etc. The technologist must take such details into account in order to obtain as few defective products as possible.

We will also describe in addition the technology for producing paper tableware.

Let’s make a reservation right away that disposable paper cups or plates are environmentally friendly, and also not so harmful to people’s health. Unfortunately, their production is much more expensive than making tableware from plastic.

This is due to the high cost of the final product, and, as a rule, our people are accustomed to choosing cheaper goods. This is why disposable cups and plates are not as popular as .

Technology for the production of disposable paper tableware:

1. A design is applied to special laminated paper (material density 120-128 g/m2), and then divided into small sheets. Their size should approximately correspond to the circumference and height of the future dishes.
2. The finished sheet is wrapped around a given shape, and the seam is welded using a special machine.
3. The half-finished item is removed from the mold. If it is a glass, the bottom is inserted into it and sealed in the same way.

Although the technology for producing paper tableware is much simpler than that of plastic items, the material is expensive. As a rule, paper is imported from abroad, although recently domestic manufacturers have also been trying to provide raw materials for the production of disposable paper tableware.

Purchase of raw materials for the production of disposable tableware

Granulated polystyrene is the basis for the production of plastic tableware. Outwardly, it looks like small white balls. This material is used in the full cycle of tableware production, including the stage of melting granules.

The average price of granulated polystyrene is 50,000 rubles per ton.

There is also a ready-made film made of polystyrene or polypropylene. All that is needed to make dishes from it is to shape the final product.

The price of half-finished raw materials, of course, will be higher than for just polystyrene granules. But, using film, you can save on the purchase of equipment by purchasing only a dish mold and a packaging machine.

The price of polystyrene film is about 120,000 rubles per ton.

Necessary equipment for the production of disposable tableware

The production of disposable tableware is divided into two cycles - full(when purchasing polystyrene granules) and incomplete(when purchasing ready-made film for forming dishes).

We invite you to consider how much equipment for the production of disposable tableware costs at full cycle.

The line for the production of disposable tableware consists of the following equipment:

1. Mixer for mixing granules.
2. Sheet extruder.
3. Molding machine.
4. Forming press.
5. Dish stacker.
6. Machine for counting dishes.
7. Chiller.
8. Compressor.
9. Crusher for processing sheets or scrap, i.e. for a waste-free production process.

The price of such a kit varies between 6-8 million rubles. You can buy it in Russia or order it from foreign partners. To save money, you can purchase a used line, but in this case you will not have a guarantee for servicing the equipment.

If you want to produce glasses and plates using an incomplete cycle, you only need a forming line and a machine for packaging dishes. In this case, the purchase of equipment will cost 1-2 million rubles.

At the same time, in 1 hour of operation the machine will be able to produce up to 150,000 glasses, but, unfortunately, the strength of such dishes will be far from top level. But in 1 hour of operation, the equipped equipment can produce 30 thousand glasses and approximately the same number of plates, spoons, and forks.

Don’t forget to add comfort to production - buy furniture for the staff, arrange an office for the technologist and accountant. All working personnel must be in uniform, have respirators, and goggles so that harmful substances do not spoil their health.

This expense item will amount to approximately another 150,000 rubles, but you should not save on the comfort of your subordinates.

Finding a suitable workshop

It is best to locate a workshop for the production of plastic tableware outside the city. Firstly, because the rent or purchase price of a building there will be significantly lower than in the urban area. Secondly, the production of plastic utensils is a hazardous industry; residents of nearby houses can file a complaint and complicate your work, or even prevent you from opening a workshop.

The working area should be approximately 100-150 m2. When choosing a premises, a lot depends on the volume of products produced, so take this fact into account before you start searching for the right workshop.

The production facility should consist of the following rooms:

• Workshop with equipment.
• Finished goods warehouse.
• Warehouse for raw materials.
• Staff room.
• Toilet.
• Office for administrative staff.

Manufacturing equipment consumes a lot of electricity, so be sure to electrical network was three-phase
and not less than 380 V.

In addition, the workshop must meet the following standards:

1. The floor is concrete or tiled.
2. 1.5 meters of walls from the floor level must be tiled or covered with other material that is considered fireproof.
3. Due to the massive equipment, ceilings must be at least 4.5 meters high.
4. Be sure to install powerful ventilation, supply water and adjust the gas supply to heat the room.

You will have to pay about 80,000 rubles for rent every month. The price is average; much of its determination depends on the renovation, region, distance from the city, availability of communications, etc.

You will also pay about 50,000 rubles for Communal expenses– electricity, gas, water, garbage removal.

Personnel for the production of disposable tableware

During the first months of the company's activity, the production director can take responsibility for product sales and accounting. This way you will save on wages for two positions at once. If the founder cannot cope with all the responsibilities, then it is worth hiring an assistant or specialist.

As for the line workers, they will have to be trained independently, because there is no such specialty. Equipment suppliers can provide you with training. Therefore, it is best to hire people in advance so that by the time the line is installed they are already on staff and everyone can learn how to use the equipment.

You can’t do production without a technologist. He must control the entire production process, purchase raw materials, monitor the supply of materials to the compress, etc. In addition, hire those who will take care of accounting at the warehouse of goods and raw materials.

№.	Staff member	Number of staff	Salary (RUB/month)
TOTAL:			173,000 rubles/month
1.	Technologist	1	25 000
2.	Accountant	1	15 000
3.	Accountant	2	24 000
4.	Line Operator	6	60 000
5.	Loader	1	9 000
6.	Driver	1	9 000
7.	Cleaning woman	1	6 000
8.	Equipment adjuster	1	25 000

Depending on the scale of production, the number of personnel may vary.

Production of disposable tableware.

What equipment is used? Technology
production process.

Calculating the profitability of disposable tableware production

We invite you to pay your attention full cycle production of tableware from granulated polystyrene. Creating such a business will not be easy from a financial point of view, because you will have to make a lot of capital investments. But the profitability of this business will be much higher.

Capital investments		Monthly expenses
TOTAL: 7,460,000 rubles		TOTAL: 8,229,080 rubles
Equipment purchase	7 000 000	Renting premises	80 000
Workshop setup	150 000	Staff salaries	173 000
Opening an individual entrepreneur and preparing documentation	From 10 000	Purchase of raw materials (granulated polystyrene)	5 000 000
Buying a gazelle for transporting goods	300 000	Public utilities	50 000
		Payment of taxes	2 926 080

Now let’s calculate how many products the production can produce in 1 month of work (24 shifts) with an 8-hour work schedule:

Calculation of the cost of disposable tableware:

1. To produce 1 million pieces. utensils (glasses, spoons, plates, forks are taken into account) made of polystyrene, you will need approximately 4 tons of granular material. As a rule, half of the neglected raw materials are waste; they are ultimately needed again for secondary products, so for 1 million products it is worth purchasing 8 tons of polystyrene.
2. To ensure production operation for 1 month, you need to purchase approximately 200 tons of polystyrene. The purchase of raw materials will cost about 10 million rubles.
3. The price of a glass (200 ml) and a flat plate is about 1.2 rubles. The price of a spoon and fork is about 50 kopecks.
4. If the goods are fully sold, production revenue will be 19,507,200 rubles.
5. Net profit will be 1.2 million rubles.
6. To cover all the costs of purchasing equipment, you need to work for 9-12 months. Only then can we talk about making a net profit.

All calculations are approximate, because no attention was taken to the fact that the products would not be completely sold on the market. However, if you properly organize the production of disposable tableware, then success will come, and with it prosperity.

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The production of disposable tableware is becoming increasingly important in the world. And although buying equipment is an expensive undertaking, and when drawing up a business plan you need to carefully analyze the market, it is still promising project, which is worth paying attention to.

It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the nuances of the work of such a workshop in practice. A novice entrepreneur without basic skills will make too many mistakes that will ruin the project at the start. But having enough experience, you can open a mini-factory for the production of plastic cups, and then gradually expand the range.

Business relevance

According to statistics, there has been an increase in demand for disposable tableware around the world within 10-15% annually. This suggests that people often prefer it. The advantages are obvious:

• Can be used once and then thrown away.
• Low price.
• With the help of multi-colored elements it is possible to create a festive atmosphere in any conditions.
• Such dishes are light and do not take up much space if you have to take them with you outdoors.
• Convenient to use for any purpose.

True, an increasing variety of such products is appearing on the market and competition among entrepreneurs is growing. On the one hand, these are Chinese suppliers of plastic tableware, the cost of which is very low. On the other hand, there is the emergence of more environmentally friendly varieties, for example, paper cups. But if you organize the production of safe and cheap products, you can conquer your niche.

First you need to decide on your main competitors, study their strengths and weak sides. Also take into account imported plastic utensils that are still in use. in great demand. Draw up a competent business plan and think over the range of products offered. For example, disposable cups of different sizes and volumes are rightfully considered the most common. Only after this proceed to the organizational part.

Paperwork

To open a mini-workshop, you must first register as entity. The advantages of an LLC over an individual entrepreneur are significant:

1. Such a company inspires more confidence both among suppliers of raw materials and equipment, and among wholesale buyers.
2. It is possible to recover VAT on purchases.
3. If it fails, the company risks only its authorized capital.
4. It's easier to get a loan from a bank.

When registering, indicate OKVED code 25.24.2. Various licenses are not required for activities, but the premises itself and the quality of the products produced must comply with GOSTs and the standards prescribed in SanPiN. Before starting a disposable tableware business, be sure to study the following documents:

• GOST R 50962-96 – general technical conditions for the production of plastic products.
• GOST 15820-82 – clarifying the quality standards of copolymers of styrene and polystyrene, on the basis of which plastic tableware is created.
• GN 2.3.3.972-00 - adopted instead of SanPiN 42-123-4240-86, which establishes requirements and indicators for the amount of chemicals in such materials.
• SP 2.2.2.1327-03 – describes technological process and hygienic requirements for the operation and condition of equipment.
• GN 2.2.4.1313-03 – which talks about harmful substances in the air in the workplace.

To obtain permissions for production activities from the SES, fire inspectorate and Rospotrebnadzor, you need to prepare the premises accordingly, purchase equipment and release the first batch of goods, which must undergo thorough quality control. Only after this can you begin to implement the idea in practice.

Workshop setup

When installing all the equipment necessary for the production of disposable tableware, you need to select and prepare the room in a certain way. It is important to consider the following requirements:

1. The ceiling height should be at least 4.5 meters, and only in the absence of an extruder and granulator can you get by with 3.5 m.
2. The floor must be poured with concrete or laid with durable tiles.
3. The walls are covered with fire-resistant material that can be easily washed.
4. Be sure to install good ventilation.
5. The electrical network must be three-phase and can withstand the high loads of all equipment.
6. Don't forget about water supply, heating and other communications.

The entire building is divided into separate zones:

• working;
• administrative;
• bathroom and shower for staff;
• wardrobe;
• warehouses for raw materials and finished products.

Make sure that the workshop has convenient access roads for unloading goods. It is better to rent or purchase such premises outside the city or in its industrial part. total area should be about 500 sq. m.

Equipment selection

A full-fledged automated line for the production of disposable tableware consists of the following elements:

1. Granulator.
2. Extruder.
3. Crushers.
4. Thermoforming press.
5. Automatic product stacking machine.
6. Conveyor.
7. A machine for bending the top edge of a glass.
8. Printer for applying an image.
9. Compressor.
10. Self-filling molds for cutlery.

It is not necessary to purchase all of their varieties at once. You can build a line gradually, adding individual elements as your business develops and the initial investment returns. You can only start with an automatic product stacking and packaging machine and a thermoforming line. By purchasing ready-made rolls of thin film, you will do without installing other elements.

Please note that equipment manufacturers offer different models, capacities, and a variety of shapes, and this, in turn, significantly affects the cost. Depending on your financial capabilities and the desired volume of production of disposable tableware, you need to make a choice.

It is believed that German and Austrian devices are the most powerful and are the ones worth purchasing when creating a productive automated line that produces several million products per month. But to start, you can spend 3-4 times less and opt for Korean or domestic cars. Then production volumes will be lower, but equipment costs will also be affordable.

Raw material base

Plastic disposable tableware is made from two main components:

• Polypropylene is resistant to fats, oils, alcohol, products made from it can be placed in a microwave oven, and they are also allowed to be used for baby products. But when working with this material, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technology parameters so that its quality characteristics do not deteriorate.
• Polystyrene - it is much easier to work with, but has lower performance during operation.

Individual entrepreneurs began to produce, but the cost of laminated cardboard and products made from it is quite high. Therefore, such a business is still losing in competition.

When searching for suppliers of polystyrene and polypropylene, you can contact several existing large enterprises who are engaged in their production. But there are certain disadvantages. With larger orders, small customers will have to wait too long for the material, which threatens frequent workshop downtime.

Therefore, it is worth establishing other delivery channels. For example, pay attention to factories that collect recyclable materials and process them. And although the quality of such material is significantly lower, this can be a way out in finding a permanent and reliable supplier. Or find a foreign manufacturer who is ready to offer material according to affordable price. It is important to control the quality of the original raw materials. It must comply with GOST 10354-82.

Technological process

When creating plastic utensils, the material goes through the following stages:

1. Polyester in the form of granules is fed into the extruder. If you want to diversify color scheme product, you can add different shades.
2. The raw material is heated to high temperatures, at which it begins to melt, and mixed, achieving a homogeneous mass.
3. Then it is passed through a press, which ensures the thickness of the finished film is 2 mm. It is very important to ensure that the machine always produces a uniform web.
4. Such a roll is sent to a thermoforming machine, which involves the creation of one or another product (glasses, plates, etc.).
5. Here the material lends itself again high temperatures and due to vacuum action it acquires the desired shape.
6. Next, the workpieces go to the trimmer, where they are cut to size.
7. Using a conveyor, they move to a packaging machine or printer to apply a logo, design, advertising, etc.
8. For glasses and plates, you need to additionally pass the products through a machine that bends the edges.
9. At the end, the goods are packed into large bags.

Staff

Due to the fact that the line is fully automated, there is no need to hire a large number of people to monitor its operation. Depending on the volume of production, a different number of employees is needed. For a medium-sized workshop it is enough to have on staff:

• Technologist - specialist with higher education and experience in this field, it is quite difficult to find such a person, but its presence is mandatory to maintain product quality.
• Equipment adjusters should also be trained additionally or find professional technicians.
• Ancillary workers.
• The cleaning lady.
• Accountant.
• Client Relationship Manager.

To deliver goods to customers yourself, it is also advisable to hire a loader and driver. To save costs, you can perform some functions, for example, accounting, management, product sales, yourself.

We are looking for buyers

It’s not enough to just produce quality goods. We still need to find through which channels to sell disposable tableware. From advertising, you can use all available resources - media, Internet, advertisements. But it’s better to establish personal contacts with the owners:

1. Catering establishments.
2. Supermarkets.
3. Specialized stores selling relevant products.
4. Wholesale bases.
5. Companies involved in food preparation and delivery.
6. Vending machines.
7. Larkov.
8. Offices.
9. Educational and other government institutions.
10. Confectionery companies.
11. Organizations for organizing holidays and corporate events.
12. Catering agencies, etc.

It makes sense to hire a marketing and sales specialist, then the activities of your company will quickly pay off due to large wholesale orders and sales of finished products.

Download for free as a sample.

Financial part

Opening a mini-workshop for the production of disposable tableware will require large investments. Let's list the main expense items.

The cost of one unit of product is on average 0.25 rubles. If you sell disposable tableware for 0.35 rubles, then with a production volume of 10 million units per month, you can achieve a net profit of 1,000,000. Even taking into account regular deductions, after 3-4 months you can achieve full payback for the project.

Video: production of disposable tableware.