Summary sheet for calculating time standards and service standards.
Continuation of the table. 4.5
The worker’s employment on each of the machines included in the workplace is determined (Table 4.5, group 12):
Tv.n - auxiliary non-overlapping time;
T v.p - auxiliary overlapped time;
T a.n - time of active monitoring of the operation of the machine;
T per - time of transition from machine to machine.
Time of active monitoring of the operation of the machine included in workplace, depending on the sum of machine-automatic time of all operations at the workplace is determined according to table. 4.6.
The time for automatic tool advance is set (group 14 of table 4.5). It is taken from technical standardization cards for operations. Machine-automatic time is taken into account when its duration does not exceed the time spent by the worker on moving to the next machine.
Table 4.6
Time standards for active observation in multi-machine service conditions
|
The sum of machine-automatic time of all operations included in the workplace |
Time for active monitoring of machine operation, min. |
|||
|
10 or more | ||||
The reduced employment of a worker in the manufacture of one part per operation is calculated. In this case, there are several options (Table 4.5, group 15):
1) when servicing one or more backup machineswith the same operating time:
2) when servicing several backup machines with differentoperational time:
3) when processing parts of two or more names at the workplaceprograms with different programs:
The reduced time for a worker’s transition (Table 4.5, group 16) from one machine to another (within his workplace) is calculated, which, depending on the actual distance of transitions (L), is set at the rate of 0.015 minutes. at 1 m of transition:
The total employment of a worker at a workplace is determined as the sum of the time spent on all operations included in a given workplace, and the time for transitions from machine to machine (Table 4.5, group 17). The worker's employment at the workplace as a percentage of the cycle time (Table 4.5, group 18) is calculated as the ratio of the worker's employment time at the workplace in minutes to the given cycle time at the workplace, and the result is multiplied by 100.
The reduced cycle time at the workplace is found (T c.p). It is established by choosing the largest of two values: the time a worker is occupied at the workplace and the longest operational time of operation of a given workplace (Table 4.5, group 19).
Time is calculated for Maintenance. It is taken from the operational normalization cards. If several machines are occupied in an operation, the maintenance time for the operation is determined as the arithmetic mean time for servicing all machines (Table 4.5, group 20).
The time for organizational maintenance of a workplace is found (as a percentage of the given cycle time) using the appropriate standards.
According to the standards, time for rest and personal needs is calculated (as a percentage of the given cycle time).
The piece time per workplace for one part is determined by the formula:
The standard time per workplace, accepted for payment in minutes per part, is set equal to the flow takt time.
The total time a worker is employed at the workplace is determined by the following amount: gr. 17 + gr. 20 + gr. 22.
MINISTRY OF LABOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
CENTRAL BUREAU OF LABOR STANDARDS
CROSS-INDUSTRY COMPREHENSIVE STANDARDS
TIME FOR WORK ON DOCUMENTATION
ENSURING MANAGEMENT
MOSCOW 1995
Time standards were developed by the Central Bureau of Labor Standards of the Ministry of Labor Russian Federation and the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Documentation and Archival Affairs of Roscomarchive.
Time standards help improve the organization of work of workers in services
Documentation support for management serves as the basis job descriptions, staffing tables.
The collection contains standards for all types of work related to documentation support of management using computerization tools, and is recommended for use in government bodies, enterprises (associations) regardless of ownership, in institutions and public organizations.
Integrated time standards for work on documentation support for management were approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 25, 1994 No. 72.
1. General part
1.1. Integrated time standards are intended for calculating time standards and organizing work in management documentation support services (DOU), determining the labor intensity of work, the number of employees, and are recommended for use in federal executive authorities, in enterprises (associations) regardless of their form of ownership, in institutions and public organizations.
1.2. The functions of the preschool educational institution service are defined by the Standard Instructions for Office Work in Ministries and Departments of the Russian Federation, Approximate position about the management documentation service.
1.3. The development of time standards is based on materials from studying the organization of labor and the best practices of employees of preschool educational institutions, photographs of the working day, self-photographs, operational accounting and reporting data, results expert assessments specialists from preschool education services of ministries and departments.
1.4. When preparing time standards, the following regulatory and methodological documents were used: Regulations on the organization of labor standards in the national economy. Approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated June 19, 1986 No. 226/P-6;
1.5. When standardizing the work of employees of the preschool educational institution service, it is necessary to use inter-industry standard and unified time standards: Standard time standards for work on copying and rapid reproduction of documents. - M., 1990; Unified standards of time (production) for typewritten work. - M., 1988; since the “Enlarged standards...” do not take into account the costs of typewriting, copying and reproduction.
1.6. The normative part of the collection contains the following sections: time spent on work on documentation support for management (drawing and maintaining case lists, processing, registration, accounting for the number of documents, work on monitoring the execution of documents, creating and maintaining card files, creating and processing files in structural divisions, examination scientific and practical value of documents, compilation of annual sections of case inventories, transfer of cases to the departmental archive); time spent on the work of the organization's archive (methodological and organizational support for the work, the creation of a scientific reference apparatus for the documents of the organization's archive, cataloging documents, the use of documents, information services for institutions and citizens, conducting a comprehensive (thematic) check of the condition and operation of the archive of a subordinate institution, monitoring organization of documents in the office work of structural units of the department (organization) and in institutions of the system, ensuring the safety of documents, accounting of documents, technical documentation of work).
1.7. The collection contains time standards in hours for the accepted unit of measurement of the amount of work.
1.8. The standards are calculated based on the results of measuring working time costs during a working day lasting 8 hours.
1.9. The standards provide for all work with documents to be performed in one language and apply to work with general office work documents.
1.10. The standards are designed for each job to be performed by one person.
1.11. The tables in the normative part of the collection show the name and content of the work performed and the time standards established for them.
1.12. Within the table, the standards are located in the logical sequence of work performed, but at the same time, work performed using automated technologies is located after similar work performed using traditional technology.
1.13. The composition of documents, the rules for their development, execution are established in accordance with the requirements of the State Documentation Management System, the Basic Rules for the Operation of Departmental Archives, Standard instructions on office management in ministries and departments of the Russian Federation (M., 1994).
1.14. The standard time for performing a unit of standardized work is calculated according to the operating time standard and is determined by the formula:
N vr = N K,
N - standard operational time for performing this work, established according to the collection, h;
K is a coefficient that takes into account the time spent on organizational and technical maintenance of the workplace, rest (including physical education breaks) and personal needs, % of operational time. Based on the results of the analysis of photographs and self-photographs of workers’ working time, K is taken equal to 1.1.
1.15. Work and rest schedule for operators of electronic computing and computers and other specialists who directly work with personal computers, depends on the nature of the work performed (data entry, text, editing, reading information from the screen). Continuous work duration should not exceed 4 hours, with a break of 5 - 10 minutes after each hour of work, and 15 minutes after 2 hours.
1.16. The unit of measurement “case” means a case in the volume of 150 sheets of size 210? 297 mm (A4 format). Cases containing more or less than 150 sheets are converted into one conditional case of 150 sheets.
1.17. Work with machine diagrams in the office work service is standardized according to table 3.1.2. (standards 3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.2).
1.18. The unit of measurement of the volume of work - the author's sheet - is taken to be material containing 40 thousand printed characters, which is 16.7 typewritten pages, printed at 1.5 intervals, each containing 2450 characters.
1.19. The unit of measurement for the volume of work - a box - is a box containing 10 cases.
1.20. By certain species work as a unit of measurement is taken not 1, but 10, 100. This must be taken into account when calculating the amount of labor costs for the planned volumes of work.
1.21. In case of significant deviations in the content of work compared to this regulatory collection and the inexpediency of changing the existing work organization, local standards for a specific documentation service can be calculated.
1.22. Local standards for work not covered by this regulatory collection are established by the method of technical standardization.
1.23. Based on the Integrated Time Standards, the attendance number of documentation service employees is calculated.
1.23.1. For this purpose, the annual labor intensity of standardized work (Tn) in hours is determined, taking into account each type of work performed according to the formula:
TN = N time Vi,
where N time is the time spent on performing a specific standardized type of work, h;
Vi is the volume of a specific type of work performed per year.
1.23.2. The annual labor intensity of non-standardized work Tn.n in hours is determined by the method of expert assessments, taking into account the volume of work performed using the formula:
Тн.н = Тjн Vj,
where Tjnn is the annual labor intensity of non-standardized work of a particular type;
Vj is the annual volume of non-standardized types of work.
1.23.3. The total annual labor intensity of the work is calculated using the formula:
To = Tn + Tn.n,
1.23.4. The turnout number of Chiav workers is determined by the formula:
where Fp is the useful working time of one employee per year, h (assumed equal to 2006 person hours).
An example of calculating the number of documentation service employees is given in Appendix 2.
2. Labor organization
The documentation support service for the management of an institution, regardless of the form of ownership, can act as an independent structural unit or performed by one person.
The functions of employees of the preschool education service are determined by job descriptions drawn up in accordance with the “Tariff and qualification characteristics for general industry positions of employees”: (Approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation on November 10, 1992 No. 30 - M., 1992) and “Tariff and qualification characteristics for employee positions budgetary institutions and organizations of the state archival service system of the Russian Federation", Appendix 5 to the order of Roscomarchive dated 12/09/92. No. 226. The same documents determine the names of positions of employees of preschool educational institutions. The functions of the preschool educational institution service include:
organizational and methodological support for work with documents in the structural divisions of the organization and subordinate institutions;
introduction of standards for documentation support of management and other normative and methodological documents;
acceptance of documents;
document processing and accounting and reference work;
control over the execution of documents;
formation, storage of files and their use;
preparation and transfer of cases to the organization’s archive and others.
The functions of the organization's archive include:
completing documents for structural divisions of the organization;
accounting and ensuring the safety of documents accepted into the archive;
funding of documents accepted into the archive;
compiling a scientific reference apparatus for documents stored in the archive;
conducting an examination of the scientific and practical value of documents stored in the archive, providing methodological assistance in carrying out this work in the organization’s office work;
preparation and transfer of documents for state storage;
submission of statistical reporting forms to the state archive:
Form No. 5 “Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing management documentation subject to transfer to state storage on December 1, 19...,” form No. 6 “Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing scientific and technical documentation subject to transfer to state storage on December 1, 19.., Form No. 7 “Passport of the archive of an institution, organization and enterprise storing film, photo and sound documents subject to transfer to state storage on December 1, 19..”;
use of documents stored in the archive, checking the safety, correctness of the formation and execution of files in the organization’s office work;
participation in the development of normative and methodological documents (instructions, recommendations, regulations, etc.) on archival affairs and organization of documents in office work.
The organizational and technical conditions adopted in the collection provide for:
rational organization of workplaces;
timely receipt by workers of the necessary information, consultation, and instruction;
compliance with a rational work and rest regime;
ensuring established sanitary standards.
Workplaces for documentation service workers are equipped with a single-pedestal table (with an attachment), which provides convenient placement of office equipment and work items on it, and storage of relevant documents and office supplies in the desk drawers.
Desk drawers should be equipped with devices for convenient arrangement of folders. It is advisable that each box has a card with a list of the folders in it. There must be a cabinet for storing special, reference literature and documents.
Documentation service employees are provided with the necessary reference materials (including: instructions on record keeping and other normative and methodological documents, reference books on current legislation, reference books on administrative-territorial divisions, spelling and terminological dictionaries, reference books on spelling individual words, lists of organization employees and its structural divisions indicating telephone numbers and addresses, alphabetical books of addresses and telephone numbers of employees associated with the activities of this organization, card indexes to collections of resolutions and orders of a higher body and others).
In connection with the introduction of automated technologies into the activities of preschool educational institutions, the workplaces of specialists must be equipped with professional personal computers (PCs) of the IBM PC XT/AT type with the following basic parameters: RAM capacity of at least 640 KB and external memory capacity on the hard drive of at least 20 MB . The computer must be equipped with a wide-print printer.
The PC is equipped with a glass or plastic optical filter. The high-resolution screen reduces eye strain. The illumination of the screen should be equal to the illumination of the room. The computer screen is located at right angles to the workroom windows.
The work and rest schedule of workers involved in document support for management is established based on the daily routine, taking into account the regulation of all compulsory work and performing the most difficult of them in the first half of the day, when workers have a high stable ability to work. Along with this, it is necessary to carry out physical training breaks lasting 5 - 10 minutes. 1 - 1.5 hours before lunch and 1 - 1.5 hours before the end of work.
The work and rest regime of specialists working on PCs is determined by the “Temporary Sanitary Standards and Rules for Workers of Computer Centers”, approved by the Deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR, 03/2/1988, No. 4559-88.
3. REGULATORY PART
3.1. Time spent on management documentation support
3.1.1. Drawing up and maintaining lists of cases
Performers - head of the office, senior inspector, inspector, clerk, operator of electronic computers and computers, document specialist.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume measurement |
Time standard, hours |
|
| 1. Drawing up and maintaining a list of affairs of a structural unit |
Study of regulatory and methodological documents, the functions of a given structural unit, the features of its office work, the composition and content of documents, determination of their storage periods, compilation, systematization of case headings, approval by the head of the structural unit, control over the correct formation of files. |
|
|
| 2. Drawing up and maintaining a list of the organization’s affairs |
Study of normative and methodological documents, reference manuals, file nomenclatures of structural divisions, functions of the organization, features of office work, composition and content of documents, determination of their storage periods, development of a classification scheme for the file nomenclature, unification, general text editing of all sections of the file nomenclature, identification of documents, not included in the nomenclature of files of structural divisions, drawing up a nomenclature of files (with a table of contents, preface, list of abbreviations), coordination with the departmental archive, consideration at a meeting of the Central Expert Commission (CEC) (EC) of the organization, agreement with the archival institution (state archive), registration and approval of the list of cases; control over the correct formation of cases in throughout the year, making clarifications in the nomenclature of cases, drawing up a final entry for the nomenclature of cases, transferring final information to the information retrieval system and departmental archive in the prescribed form |
Number of items in the list of cases: |
|
| 3. Automated maintenance of the nomenclature of the organization’s affairs* |
Turning on the computer, displaying the format in accordance with the program, entering data on changes in the list of cases, turning off the computer |
Number of items in the list of cases: |
|
* Work to control the formation of cases in office work is carried out throughout the year.
* The standard is also applicable to determine the time spent on compiling and maintaining a list of affairs of a large structural unit (main department, department, etc.)
3.1.2. Processing, registration, accounting of the number of documents
Performers - the head of the office, the head of the expedition, the inspector, the secretary-typist, the forwarder, the clerk, the operator of electronic computers and computers, and the document specialist.
|
Job title |
Time standard, h |
||||
| 1. Processing of incoming documents |
Reception of correspondence, checking the integrity of the packaging and attachments, correctness of addressing, opening the envelope, systematizing documents into registered and non-registered, drawing up registration cards (RC), affixing, filling out registration stamps, distributing documents to be transferred to the head of the organization for consideration and resolution and subject to transfer for execution to structural units, transfer of documents for execution * |
10 documents |
|||
| 2. Processing of documents received by fax |
Signal reception. Receiving text, dividing into A4 sheets, drawing up registration cards (RC), affixing, filling out registration stamps, transferring documents for execution |
||||
| 3. Telegram processing |
Receiving the text from the teletype operator, drawing up the RC, affixing and filling out registration stamps, transmitting telegrams to management for the resolution, receiving the telegram, recording the text of the resolution in the RC, transmitting the telegram and RC to the executor |
1 telegram |
|||
| 4. Processing of incoming telephone messages |
Receiving a telephone message, registration, recording the text in a journal, informing (by telephone) the contractor about the contents of the received telephone message, monitoring compliance with the deadline |
1 telephone message |
|||
| 5. Processing of sent documents |
Receiving executed documents, checking the correctness of documents, the presence of attachments specified in the main document, registering documents in the RKF (case number in which the executed document is placed), sorting sent documents by address and type postal items, putting the address on the envelope, folding and inserting documents into envelopes, sealing envelopes, marking envelopes, compiling a register |
10 documents |
|||
| 6. Processing of documents sent by fax |
Receiving executed documents, checking the correctness of documents, the presence of attachments specified in the main document; registration of documents; turning on the fax, establishing a connection with the recipient, sending text, turning off the device |
||||
| 7. Processing of sent telephone messages |
Transmitting text, logging |
1 telephone message |
|||
| 8. Registration of travel certificates |
Registration of a certificate in the prescribed form, affixing and certification of a note on the arrival (departure) of the employee. |
1 travel certificate |
|||
| 9. Automated registration of incoming documents |
Turning on the computer, calling up the registration control form (RKF) format on the display, entering information about the type of document, its author, date and index assigned to the document by the author organization, the contents of the document (heading), applications, control details, number of sheets of the document, assigning the date of registration of the document according to the date of filling out the RKF, assigning registration number document; turning off the computer |
10 documents |
|||
| 10. Automated registration of documents created for internal use |
Turn on the computer, call up the format display (RKF), enter information into the RKF about the type of document, its author, text summary document (header) and annexes, the number of sheets of the document; assigning a registration date to a document based on the date of filling out the RKF; assigning a registration number to a document; entering information about the authors and contents of resolutions into the RKF, turning off the computer |
10 documents |
|||
| 11. Automated registration of sent internal documents |
Turning on the computer, calling up the RKF format on the display, selecting recipient codes (names), entering information about the number of copies sent to each address, summing up information about the number of copies sent to all addresses; turning off the computer |
10 documents |
|||
| 12. Automated registration of sent initiative documents |
Turning on the computer, calling up the RKF format on the display, entering into the RKF information about the document, a summary (title) of the document and applications, type of document, number of sheets; assigning the date of registration of the document according to the date of filling out the RKF; assigning a registration number to a document; selection of codes (names) of recipient organizations, entering information on the number of copies sent to each recipient, summing the total number of copies, recording in the RKF, printing out the RK ,
turning off the computer |
10 documents |
|||
| 13. Automated accounting of the number of documents created for internal use |
Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF using the specified details to obtain the desired modification of the output form; sorting RKF by specified details values, counting the number of RKF, turning off the computer |
100 documents |
|||
| 14. Automated accounting of the number of internal documents sent |
Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF using the specified details to obtain the desired modification of the output form; sorting RKF according to specified details values, counting the number of sent copies of documents; turning off the computer |
100 documents |
|||
| 15. Automated accounting of the number of incoming documents, response documents to incoming documents, sent initiative documents |
Turning on the computer, generating a request to search for RKF using the specified details to obtain the necessary modification of the output form; sorting RKF by specified details values, counting the number of RKF, turning off the computer |
100 documents |
|||
| 16. Automated accounting of the volume of document flow of an institution |
Turning on the computer, generating a request using the specified details, sorting the RKF by the given values of the details, counting the number of RKF and sent copies of documents, printing, turning off the computer |
100 documents |
|||
In the case of carrying out work to prepare for reproduction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and documents for executors, the standard increases by 0.45 hours for every 10 documents
3.1.3. Work on monitoring the execution of documents
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
standard time, h |
|
| 1. Control of document execution |
Drawing up the RC, if it is not transmitted from the registration service, putting the mark “K” (control) on the document and on the RC, placing the first copy of the RC in the file cabinet, sending the second copy of the RC together with the document to the structural unit of the executor, monitoring the execution of the document, reminding deadline, obtaining information about the results of execution, recording information in the Republic of Kazakhstan, informing managers about the status of execution, removing the document from control. Drawing up a summary of documents not executed on time, drawing up a summary of the execution of documents subject to control, summarizing the results of the execution of documents by structural divisions, analyzing the state of execution of documents in the organization |
10 documents |
|
| 2. Monitoring the execution of citizens’ applications |
Same |
10 documents |
|
| 3. Automated control of the execution of incoming documents |
Turning on the computer, viewing the document, calling up the RKF document on the display, entering the control details of the task (resolution) into the database, printing out the RKF, placing the RKF in the control and reference file cabinet, transferring the document to the RKF for execution, receiving the controlled document and RKF, monitoring the correctness execution and deadline for execution of the document, adjustment of the RKF; execution of the executed document; filling out the RKF based on the results of document execution; printout of the RKF, generation of a summary of the execution of controlled documents according to individual specified details or their combinations; conducting reference and information work, receiving output forms for accounting and control of documents, turning off the computer |
10 documents |
|
| 4. Automated control over the execution of citizens’ requests |
Same |
10 documents |
|
| 5. Automated control over the execution of documents created for internal use |
Same |
10 documents |
3.1.4. Creation and maintenance of card files
Performers - head of the office, senior inspector, inspector, clerk, secretary-typist, operator of electronic computers and computers, document specialist.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Compilation and maintenance of a control and reference file |
Systematization, arrangement of RCs in the card index in accordance with the classifiers or the scheme for constructing the card index; making changes to cards (recording information about the contractor, postponing the deadline, etc.); selection of cards for documents whose deadlines are expiring (to inform executors), rearrangement of the RC for executed documents into the appropriate section of the card index, selection of RC for documents with expiring deadlines (to inform management) |
10 registers |
|
| 2. Maintaining an automated database for monitoring the execution of documents |
Turning on the computer, calling up the document details on the screen, calling up the RKF format, filling out a card for a newly received document or making changes (additions) to the card, information about performers, deadlines (rescheduling); selection of cards within the system (cards for executed and unexecuted documents, for documents with expired execution dates) and by sections; printing cards for documents with expired deadlines to inform managers; printing cards; turning off the computer |
10 cards |
|
| 3. Compilation and maintenance of files on suggestions and complaints from citizens |
Filling out cards in the prescribed form, systematizing, arranging RCs in accordance with classifiers or a card index construction scheme, making changes to cards |
10 registers |
|
| 4. Drawing up and maintaining thematic cards for departmental standards, orders, decisions |
Filling out cards in the prescribed form, systematization, arranging thematic cards in accordance with classifiers or a card index construction scheme, arranging new cards, making changes to cards |
10 thematic cards |
3.1.5. Formation and registration of cases in structural divisions, examination of the scientific and practical value of documents, compilation of annual sections of case inventories, transfer of cases to the departmental archive.
Performers - head of the office, senior inspector, clerk, secretary-typist, operator of electronic computers and computers, document specialist.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Formation of files for permanent storage, compilation of headings, registration of files (management documentation) |
Grouping executed documents into cases, checking the compliance of the contents of documents with case headings according to the nomenclature of cases, correctness of execution and completeness (completeness) of documents, numbering sheets in a case, drawing up an internal inventory of case documents and certification notes, compiling and clarifying case headings, describing cases on the covers |
||
| 2. Formation of files according to the personnel of the organization, compilation of headings, registration of files |
Same |
||
| 3. Formation of files for temporary (over 10 years) storage, compilation of headings, registration of files |
Same |
||
| 4. Formation of files for temporary (up to 10 years) storage, compilation of headings, registration of files (administrative documentation) |
Grouping executed documents into cases, checking the compliance of the contents of documents with case titles according to the nomenclature of cases, correctness of execution and completeness (completeness) of documents, drawing up and clarification of case titles, description of cases on the covers |
||
| 5. Conducting an examination of the scientific and practical value of documents and drawing up an act on the allocation for destruction of documents and files that are not subject to storage |
Studying the composition and content of documents, determining their scientific, historical and practical significance, page by page review of files, selection of documents for permanent and temporary storage for destruction, drawing up an act on the allocation for destruction of documents that are not subject to storage, consideration of the act at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (EC), approval of the act |
||
| 6. Drawing up annual sections of inventories of permanent and temporary (over 10 years) storage cases to be transferred to the organization’s archives |
Drawing up an annual section of the inventory for cases that have passed the examination of value, consideration of the prepared section at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (EC), revision based on comments, registration, approval in in the prescribed manner, checking the quality of formation and execution of cases, compliance of the number of cases included in the inventory with the number of opened cases according to the nomenclature of cases; putting temporary codes (in pencil) on the covers of cases |
10 descriptive inventory items |
|
| 7. Automated compilation of annual sections of inventories of permanent and temporary (over 10 years) storage, subject to transfer to the organization’s archive |
Turn on the computer, call up the inventory format on the display, enter data on cases that have passed the examination of value; reading the compiled inventory, editing; printout; consideration of the annual section of the inventory at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (EC); making changes to the inventory in accordance with the comments made; printing out the inventory section after revision, turning off the computer |
10 descriptive inventory items |
|
| 8. Transfer of files to the organization’s archive from a structural unit |
Transfer of cases one by one according to inventories and nomenclatures of cases, transfer of copies of inventories, nomenclatures of cases, control and reference and thematic files according to the schedule, execution of the transfer in the prescribed form |
3.2. Time spent on the organization's archive work
3.2.1. Methodological and organizational support of work.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Development of regulatory methodological manuals(instructions, recommendations, regulations) |
Compilation of a bibliography, study of scientific and methodological literature and documents on the topic, identification and collection of materials, their analysis, drawing up a plan and diagram of the manual, systematization of information, writing text, editing, discussion, revision based on comments |
3.2.2. Creation of a scientific reference apparatus for the documents of the organization’s archive
Performers - archive manager, category 1 archivist, category 2 archivist, archivist.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Drawing up annual sections of consolidated inventories of permanent storage files |
Writing, execution of the inventory (annual section of the consolidated inventory) in the prescribed form, consideration at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (EC), submission of the inventory for approval by the EPC of the state archive, discussion, revision based on comments, approval by the head of the organization |
10 descriptive inventory items |
|
| 2. Drawing up summary lists of cases for personnel |
Writing, execution of the inventory (annual section of the consolidated inventory) in the prescribed form, consideration at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (EC), submission of the inventory for approval by the EPC of the state archive, discussion, revision based on comments, approval by the head of the organization |
10 descriptive inventory items |
|
| 3. Drawing up prefaces to inventories of archival funds |
Studying legislative and scientific reference literature, the history of the fund and its documents in order to determine the dates of formation, reorganization, renaming, and liquidation of the fund founder. clarification of its jurisdiction, functions, structure, study of the record keeping system, the nature and condition of documents, collection and analysis of information about the presence and composition of the scientific reference apparatus (SRA) to the fund, about the features of processing and systematization of documents, writing the text of the preface, discussion, revision of comments |
||
| 4. Compilation of historical information on archival records organization funds, institutions and enterprises |
Collection of data on the history of the fund founder based on information identified during the preparation of prefaces to the inventories of affairs for this period, writing the text of the reference, discussion, revision based on comments |
||
| 5. Compilation of subject, geographical, name indexes for completed case inventories |
Reviewing the inventory, identifying data, writing cards (with one concept on each card), compiling an index |
10 index cards |
3.2.3. Cataloging of documents
Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist, operator of electronic computers and computers.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Compiling cards and maintaining a subject (subject-thematic) card index |
Studying the inventory in order to select cases for document cataloging, page by page viewing of cases, identifying documents to be catalogued, annotating the contents of identified documents, writing cards in the prescribed form, affixing a cataloging stamp on the covers of cases; grouping cards according to the alphabet of subject concepts, then according to the scheme adopted for this card index; arrangement of cards in the file cabinet in accordance with the accepted systematization scheme |
10 cards |
|
| 2. Creation of an automated database of archive documents |
Studying the inventory, selecting cases, viewing cases page by page, identifying documents, turning on the computer, calling up the card format on the display, filling it out, systematizing cards in accordance with established indexes according to the accepted scheme; turning off the computer; affixing a cataloging stamp on the cover of the file |
||
| - with printed cards |
Same |
10 cards |
|
| - without printing cards |
Same |
10 cards |
|
| - on government, public, and creative figures |
Same |
10 cards |
|
| - by personnel |
Same |
10 cards |
|
| 3. Compiling cards and maintaining a personal file index (for government, public, creative figures) |
Studying the inventory, selecting cases for document cataloging, page-by-page viewing of cases, identifying documents to be catalogued, studying the contents of identified documents, writing cards in the prescribed form, grouping cards by last name, first name and patronymic in alphabetical order, then according to the scheme adopted for this card index ; arrangement of cards in the file cabinet in accordance with the accepted systematization scheme |
10 cards |
|
| 4. Drawing up cards and maintaining a file cabinet of the organization’s personnel |
Same |
10 cards |
3.2.4. Use of documents. Information services for institutions and citizens
Performers - archive manager, category 1 archivist, category 2 archivist, archivist, archivist.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Execution of thematic queries |
Familiarization with the request, studying the scientific reference apparatus of archive documents, identifying information on the topic of the request, writing the text of the response |
||
| 2. Thematic identification and preparation of information document |
Reviewing cases, identifying information on the topic, composing the text of an information document (topic list, information letter) |
1 printed sheet |
|
| 3. Issuance of cases for temporary use |
Familiarization with the request, determining the location of cases using topographical indicators, seizing files, placing substitute cards, checking the correspondence of the code and heading on the cover of the case and in the inventory (list of files), checking the numbering of sheets and the physical condition of the files, drawing up an act on the temporary release of cases use, issue of cases |
||
| 4. Reception of visitors for the purpose of consultation |
Advising on the composition and content of documents on the topic of the request, informing about the availability of documents in the archive for obtaining a certificate of work, service, study |
1 visitor |
|
| 5. Fulfillment of requests of a social and legal nature |
Familiarization with the request (application), studying the scientific reference apparatus and archive documents, identifying biographical information, writing the text of the archival certificate * |
||
| 6. Reception and issuance of unclaimed work books |
Reception of work books for storage, registration of reception, placement of work books in a file cabinet in alphabetical order, issuance of work books to owners |
* Information is revealed for a period of no more than 5 years
3.2.5. Conducting a comprehensive (thematic) inspection of the condition and operation of the archive of a subordinate institution
Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Standard time, h |
|
| 1. Conducting a comprehensive (thematic) inspection of the condition and operation of the archive of a subordinate institution (participation in the inspection together with employees of the state archive) |
Studying the conditions for storing files, the state of accounting and scientific reference apparatus, the efficiency of using documents, checking the readiness of documents for transfer to state departmental storage, the correctness of the examination of value, registration of files, informing the management of the organization about the results of the audit, discussing the results of the audit in the archive of the subordinate institution, drawing up a certificate based on the results of the inspection |
1 complex |
3.2.6. Control over the organization of documents in the office work of the structural divisions of the department (organization) and in the institutions of the system.
Performers - head of the office, head of the expedition, senior inspector, inspector, head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category.
|
Job title |
Unit of work volume |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Conducting an audit of the organization of work with documents in the structural divisions of the department and in institutions of its system |
Studying the main tasks and functions of the institution as a whole and its structural divisions, drawing up an inspection plan, studying the work with documents at the site being inspected (together with employees of the clerical service), informing the management of the institution (structural unit) about the results of the inspection, discussing the results of the inspection at the site, drawing up certificates based on the results of the inspection |
1 inspection of one structural unit (institution), the range of cases of which includes up to 100 items |
|
| 2. Control over the organization of work with documents in the office work of structural divisions of the institution |
Checking (together with employees of the clerical service) the correctness of the formation and description of cases, ensuring the safety of documents in the clerical work of drawing up inventories, preparing cases for transfer to the departmental archive; preparation of proposals for improving work with documents |
1 check of work with documents of one structural unit, the nomenclature of which includes up to 100 positions |
|
| 3. Oral consultation of employees of the organization |
Consulting on the formation of cases, drawing up nomenclatures of cases, inventories, conducting an examination of value, selecting documents for state storage, practical application methodological manuals |
1 consultation |
|
|
4.
Registration of consultations in writing |
Preparing a response to the organization’s employees on the issues of forming files, drawing up nomenclatures of case inventories, conducting an examination of value, selecting documents for state storage, and practical application of methodological manuals |
1 service letter volume of 1 typewritten sheet |
3. 2.7. Ensuring the safety of documents
Performers - head of the archive, archivist of the 1st category, archivist of the 2nd category, archivist, senior custodian of funds, custodian of funds, archivist
|
Job title |
Unit work volume measurements |
Time standard, h |
|
| 1. Reception of cases into the archive from a structural unit |
Familiarization with the state of affairs, checking the correctness of registration of cases, receiving cases according to the inventory (one by one), receiving a control and reference card index for documents in this annual section of the inventory, recording (in two copies of the inventory) information about the number of actually accepted cases, numbers of missing cases; placement of files at the storage location, marking in topographical indexes about the placement of files, entry in the book of receipt and disposal of documents |
||
| 2. Selection, preparation and transfer of documents for disinfection, disinfestation, restoration and binding |
Selection of cases based on availability check reports, card index (journal) recording the physical condition of documents, registration in the book of issue of cases from the archive, placing an order in the prescribed form, transferring cases to the laboratory |
||
| 3. Issuance (reception) of cases |
Issuance of cases: familiarization with the order, determination of the location of cases using topographical indicators, seizure of cases, placement of substitute cards, determination of the correspondence of the code and heading on the cover of the case and in the inventory (nomenclature of cases), checking the numbering of sheets and the physical condition of the cases, marking in the issuance book files from the archives. Reception of cases: visual inspection of cases, checking the numbering of sheets and the physical condition of cases, marking the return of cases in the issuance book, removing deputies’ cards, placing cases in storage places |
10 cases issued or accepted into the archive |
|
| 4. Cardboarding cases |
Placing things in the box in numerical order, writing a label, sticking it on the box |
||
| 5. Formation of bundles of cases to be stored |
Grouping things in numerical order, writing a label, attaching a label to twine, tying things up |
||
| 6. Compilation of topographical indexes |
Filling out the columns of the index card according to the established form, grouping the cards in the sequence of shelving locations and fund numbers |
10 cards |
|
| 7. Automated maintenance of topographic signs |
Turn on the computer, call to the format display; filling out columns (clarification of data in columns) of index cards, grouping cards in the established sequence of arrangement; printout; turning off the computer |
10 cards |
|
| 8. Checking the availability and condition of documents |
Reconciliation of the actual availability of files at storage locations and according to the inventory (list of files), the descriptive article of the inventory (list of files) with the description on the cover of the file, checking the physical condition and technical design of the files, filling out the availability check sheet indicating the physical state of the files, drawing up an act checking the availability and state of affairs in the fund |
at workstations of the production line (part 70-1601021)
Table 4.5
| Shop | MC-4 | Detail | 70-1601021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plot | Gears | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workplace no. | The name of the operation | Machine | Operational time calculation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main time | Auxiliary time | Operating time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| machine | machine-manual and manual | Non-overlapping | overlapped | Operating time for producing one part on each machine | Number of parts processed in maximum operating time | The given operational time for manufacturing a part in one operation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 05 turning 08 turning 10 turning 15 turning | 0,71 1,25 0,78 1,27 | - - - - | 0,223 0,223 0,208 0,223 | 0,208 0,245 0,133 0,108 | 0,933 1,437 0,988 1,493 | 0,933 1,473 0,988 1,493 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed by | Signature | date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Labor standards engineer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Process engineer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual program | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cycle time calculation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Worker's employment in the cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employment of a worker in the production of one part on each machine | Time costs associated with active monitoring of machine operations | Automatic tool supply and machine-automatic time (if its duration does not exceed the worker’s transition to the next machine), reduced to one part | Reduced employment of a worker in the manufacture of a part in an operation | The given time for the worker to move to the starting position at the end of the working cycle | Total worker employment in the cycle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minutes per part | As a percentage of cycle time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0,431 0,408 0,341 0,331 | - - - - | - - - - | 0,431 0,408 0,341 0,331 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0,24 | 1,811 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agreed | Signature | date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head of BTZ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head of technical bureau | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOT Engineer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shift work | Tact, min. | 2,19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rhythm, min. | 2,19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Work place no. | Reduced cycle time at work place | Calculation of the norm of piece time | Total worker employment at the workplace in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workplace maintenance costs | Expenses for vacation and personal needs | Standard time at work | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical for one part | Organizational | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In minutes per part | In percent by cycle time | In minutes for one detail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calculated in minutes per part | Accepted for payment in minutes per item | In mi-nu-tah | In pro-cents by time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,811 | 0,116 | 3,2 | 0,058 | 0,109 | 2,094 | 2,19 | 2,009 | 94,5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approved | Signature | date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head of OTOiZ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head of Maintenance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The worker’s employment on each of the machines included in the workplace is determined (Table 4.5, group 12):
Tv.n - auxiliary non-overlapping time;
T v.p - auxiliary overlapped time;
T a.n - time of active monitoring of the operation of the machine;
T per - time of transition from machine to machine.
The time for active monitoring of the operation of a machine included in the workplace, depending on the sum of the machine-automatic time of all operations at the workplace, is determined according to table. 4.6.
The time for automatic tool advance is set (group 14 of table 4.5). It is taken from technical standardization cards for operations. Machine-automatic time is taken into account when its duration does not exceed the time spent by the worker on moving to the next machine.
Labor standards for workers are carried out using the following types of labor standards: time standards, production standards, number standards, service standards, as well as standardized tasks.
Standard time- this is a given amount of time required to produce a unit of product (unit of work) by one worker or group of workers of a certain qualification in the appropriate organizational and technical conditions.
Production rate- this is a given number of units of products (scope of work) that an employee or group of workers of a certain qualification must produce per unit of working time in the appropriate organizational and technical conditions.
Number of people- this is a given number of workers of the relevant profession and qualifications, which is established as necessary to perform the necessary work tasks (functions or scope of work) in certain organizational and technical conditions.
Standard of service- this is a given number of units of means of production (equipment, devices, workplaces, etc.) that an employee or group of employees of a certain profession and qualification must service during a unit of working time in the appropriate organizational and technical conditions.
Standardized task- this is a specified amount of work that an employee or group of employees must complete during a work shift or for another unit of working time.
There are also standard labor standards. These include intersectoral, sectoral and professional standards labor. Intersectoral labor standards are unified in nature and developed taking into account uniform organizational and technical conditions at enterprises in various industries. Industry labor standards are labor standards established for work specific to a particular industry. Their development is carried out through research at enterprises in a specific industry. Professional labor standards are developed for specific types works in standard organizational and technical conditions. Local labor standards are labor standards developed directly at the enterprise itself for work that is specific to the organization and there are no standard intersectoral, sectoral, professional labor standards. The experience of Russian enterprises with examples and figures can be found in section Labor rationing portal libraries.
The establishment of standardized tasks for workers has become widespread in the last few decades to stimulate the productivity of hourly paid workers in the context of the transition from mass and large-scale production to the production of a wide range of products in small series. As a rule, standardized tasks are set by workers with time-based payment labor. For example, in the main production - workers employed on conveyor lines, automatic line operators, electric and gas welders, in production service departments - machine operators in repair and transport areas, machine operators in experimental and tool areas. Standardized tasks are developed on the basis of time standards (production) and are established in labor (standard hour) or in physical terms(tons, meters, units of repair complexity, etc.) within labor standardization in production.
The time rate (Nvr) and the production rate (Nvir) are in an inverse relationship, which is determined by the equations:
N vr = 1/N exp; N vr = 1/N vr
Based on the standard time per unit of production (work) and the estimated number of working hours in the time period, the standard output of the worker is determined.
Example . A worker produces part M-1 in a 5-day work week of 40 hours. The estimated average monthly working time is 168 hours. The standard time for manufacturing a part is 0.33 standard hours. Production rates for time periods are characterized by the data in Scheme 1.
Application of the time standard for calculating standard production
|
Name of time period |
Estimated standard working time, hour |
Standard time per unit of production, standard hour |
Standard output for the time period, pieces |
|
511 (168,6/0,33) |
|||
|
6130 (2023/0,33) |
Time standards and production standards are used in determining prices for the piecework principle of remuneration. The piece rate is determined by dividing the hourly tariff rate (C) corresponding to the category of work performed by the hourly production rate (N exp) or by multiplying the hourly tariff rate by the established time standard (N exp) in hours.
P = C/H exp or
P = C x N time
Example. Based on the example data, the standard time for manufacturing a part is 0.33 standard hours, the hourly production rate is 3.03 units. The work is charged 5th category. Hourly tariff rate of the 5th category is 16,000 rubles. Let us determine the piece rate in Scheme 2.
Piece rate calculation
Example of piecework calculation wages a product assembler performing various work tasks looks like this (see Diagram 3).
Sheet for calculating piecework wages for a product assembler for the month
|
Process number |
Tariff rate, rub |
Production rate |
Price per unit of work, rub |
Number of units produced |
Amount of piecework payment, rub. |
|
|
Total piecework wages for manufactured products |
||||||
Practical examples of standardization at Russian and global enterprises can be found in Almanac "Production Management"
To establish time standards, timing is widely used, which is simple, understandable and convenient, and gives fairly accurate results. Time norms are the most common type of norms, so it would seem that timing should be the most popular type of observation.
However, this is not so: it is much more often mentioned and used in practice working time photograph (FW)- a type of monitoring of the work process, designed to study the structure of costs and losses of working time, as well as determine their quantitative relationship. Like timing, it is convenient, simple and gives quite reliable results. At the same time, attention is paid to the entire working time, and not just to individual operations or techniques.
FVR results can be used for:
- increasing labor productivity by eliminating identified losses and waste of working time;
- establishing the reasons for non-compliance with labor standards and production targets;
- rationing the time for servicing the workplace, rest and personal needs, as well as preparatory and final time;
- indirect determination of staffing and service standards (through assessment of workload during a shift).
When organizing observation, you should consider what the results will be used for:
- To study the cost structure, lost working time and develop measures to improve productivity. In this case, observations should be carried out under the conditions that actually existed at the given workplace. In this case, the object of observation is selected arbitrarily, without additional conditions.
- To determine the norms. With this option, as with timing, additional requirements must be met: a) the most highly productive employee cannot be selected as the object of observation (Article 85) and b) normal working conditions must be ensured during the observation period (Article 88 of the Labor Code of Ukraine).
Depending on the object of observation, there are different kinds FW: individual, group And brigade. In this case, observations can cover both the entire work shift (photograph of the working day) and part of it. Let us consider in more detail the features of each type of FRF.
Individual FW
In this case, the object of observation is work activity one employee. Individual PDF allows you to study with the maximum degree of detail work time (costs and losses). It is convenient to record the results of the PDF in pre-prepared observation sheets or photo cards (table 1).
Table 1. Observation sheet for conducting individual PDF (example)
|
Enterprise: LLC Robinson and Co. |
Photo card |
Workshop/department: mechanical |
||||||
|
Shift: first |
Date: 01.10.09 |
Position/profession: turner |
||||||
|
Full name: Mandzyuk S. M. |
||||||||
|
Costs/loss of working time |
Current time (h:min) |
Duration (min.) |
Overlaps |
Number of parts |
Index |
|||
|
Start of shift |
||||||||
|
Inspected the machine, test run |
||||||||
|
Master's instruction |
||||||||
|
I received a task, a drawing, a tech. map |
||||||||
|
Got a tool |
||||||||
|
Received blanks |
||||||||
|
Set operating modes on the machine |
||||||||
|
Installed and aligned a new cutter |
||||||||
|
Processed parts (shaft 134-656798/24) |
||||||||
|
Talked to a neighbor, didn't work |
||||||||
|
Went on break |
||||||||
|
Lunch break |
||||||||
|
Changed “bad” cutters in the storeroom |
||||||||
|
Installed and aligned a new cutter |
||||||||
|
Processed parts (shaft 134-656798/24) |
||||||||
|
went to the toilet |
||||||||
|
Replaced and installed a new cutter |
||||||||
|
The automatic switch was knocked out, I was waiting for an electrician |
||||||||
|
Processed parts (shaft 134-656798/24) |
||||||||
|
Handed over the parts to the quality control inspector |
||||||||
|
I removed the shavings and took them to a container |
||||||||
|
Cleaned the machine, cleaned the workplace |
||||||||
|
Left the workplace |
||||||||
|
End of shift |
||||||||
In the main part of the observation sheet, in the column “costs/loss of working time” (column 1), all actions of the employee that he performs during the observation period are recorded; in this case, the recording is carried out in any form.
Observation is carried out for a specified period of time continuously. An employee's actions/periods of inactivity follow one after another, so there is no need to record the start and end times of each.
In the “current time” column (column 2) it is recorded end time each action/period of inactivity, start time is the end time of the previous one. As a rule, recording is carried out with an accuracy of minutes, so the observer only needs to have an ordinary watch. In cases where a more accurate result is needed, more precise instruments (stopwatch) should be used.
In the “duration” column (column 3) the duration of each period is recorded, which is defined as the difference between the “current time” of a given element and the “current time” of the previous one. To avoid distracting the observer, this indicator is calculated after the observation is completed.
When carrying out FER machine-manual and automated labor processes operational time can “overlap” other types of working time costs (). In such cases, the corresponding entries are made in the “overlaps” column (column 4): the serial number of the operational time entry that overlaps is indicated this type working time costs. (Naturally, if there is no overlap, the column is not filled in.)
When an employee performs repetitive operations (processes the same parts, draws up the same documents, etc.), for more detailed control of output, workload of workers, and comparison of their individual productivity, the volume of work performed is recorded in the column “number of parts” (column 5). (The example shown shows the number of parts produced.)
Since the recording of observations (actions or inactions of an employee) is carried out in any form, when describing the same or similar actions, observers (even if they are the same person) may use different wording. To facilitate the analysis of the results of the PDF, the formulations need to be brought “to a common denominator” - as shown in the column “index” (column 6). In this case, a special indexing system; There is no single standard for it, but abbreviations are usually used (OP - operational time, OM - workplace maintenance, etc.). For a more detailed analysis, additional digital indices are used ( table 2).
Table 2. Typical indexation of costs and losses of working time when carrying out financial work on machine-building enterprise
|
Type of costs and lost working time |
Index |
|
I. Standardized time |
|
|
Preparatory and final time |
|
|
Familiarization with the work, drawing |
|
|
Production instruction |
|
|
Installation and removal of tools and devices to perform the scope of work (batch of parts) |
|
|
Equipment setup |
|
|
Delivery of finished products |
|
|
Operating time |
|
|
Basic (technological) time |
|
|
Auxiliary |
|
|
Workplace service time |
|
|
Organizational service time |
|
|
Lubrication and cleaning of equipment |
|
|
Transfer, acceptance of shifts |
|
|
Maintenance time |
|
|
Tool sharpening (editing) |
|
|
Tool adjustment |
|
|
Adjustment of equipment during operation |
|
|
Occasional work, work not according to assignment |
|
|
Personal needs |
|
|
II. Irregular time |
|
|
Wasting time on unproductive work |
|
|
Going for an outfit, drawing, materials |
|
|
Follow the foreman, contractor, controller |
|
|
Follow auxiliary workers |
|
|
Walking behind the tap |
|
|
Searching for pads, wedges, etc. |
|
|
Search for tools and devices |
|
|
Searches for materials, workpieces, etc. |
|
|
Repair of equipment |
|
|
Lost time due to organizational and technical reasons |
|
|
Waiting for work |
|
|
Waiting for drawings, instructions, orders |
|
|
Waiting for material, workpieces |
|
|
Waiting for crane, transport |
|
|
Waiting for tools and accessories |
|
|
Waiting for equipment setup |
|
|
Waiting for energy |
|
|
Waiting for repairs |
|
|
Loss of time due to the fault of the employee |
|
|
Late start time |
|
|
Absence from work |
|
|
Side conversations |
|
To process the observation results, a “List of the same working time costs” is compiled. (The statement for the above example of the PDF is given in table 3.)
Table 3. Statement of the same costs and losses of working time (example)
|
Enterprise: LLC Robinson and Co. |
||||||||
|
Workshop/department: mechanical |
||||||||
|
Shift: first |
Date: 01.10.09 |
Position/profession: turner |
||||||
|
FULL NAME. Mandzyuk S. M. |
Machine: 16D25, screw-cutting lathe |
|||||||
|
Index |
Repetitions |
Total duration, min. |
including overlaps, min. |
Average duration, min. |
||||
|
Preparing equipment and tools for work at the beginning of the shift and cleaning at the end |
||||||||
|
Inspection and testing of equipment |
||||||||
|
Cleaning the workplace at the end of the shift |
||||||||
|
Changing worn tools (remove and install) |
||||||||
|
Removing waste from the workplace |
||||||||
|
Operating time |
||||||||
|
Receipt and delivery of work orders and drawings |
||||||||
|
Receipt, inspection, checking and delivery of materials and workpieces |
||||||||
|
Receipt and delivery of tools and accessories |
||||||||
|
Production instruction |
||||||||
|
Equipment setup |
||||||||
|
Delivery of finished products |
||||||||
|
Time for breaks for rest and personal needs |
||||||||
|
Picking up tools and accessories |
||||||||
|
Repair of equipment |
||||||||
|
Premature termination of work |
||||||||
|
Side conversations |
||||||||
|
Check sum |
||||||||
Use accepted on this enterprise time indexing systems avoid subjectivity, since formalized results do not require additional explanations from observers. Costs of the same name and lost working time in the statement are grouped and summarized. The preparation of such documents allows you to combine, compare and contrast the data of the FRF conducted by different observers in different time. The data obtained give a fairly clear idea of the structure of working time costs and their quantitative characteristics.
Group FW
For all its advantages, conducting an individual FRF requires a significant investment of time.
To organize observations of a brigade (a group of workers associated with the implementation of a common production task), a methodology for conducting "team photograph of working hours". In essence, these are several individual FERs (according to the number of team members), which are carried out simultaneously. This is a very complex and cumbersome process that requires intense attention from a highly qualified observer. This technique has not received widespread practical use.
To monitor several workers simultaneously, a technique was developed to conduct “group photograph of working hours” (GFW). It can be used to monitor both teams and those workers who are not bound by a common production task.
The organization of observation during group and individual FRF differs significantly. When conducting SFRF:
- not continuous, but selective observation is used - at predetermined points in time (at regular intervals);
- Not all actions/inactions of the employee are recorded, but what he does at the exact moment of observation.
Before starting observation you must:
- determine the employees for whom the State Financial Review will be carried out;
- prepare an observation sheet/photo map form ( table 4);
- assign each employee a conditional serial number in accordance with which records will be kept;
- set the time interval after which the observation results will be recorded (usually from 1 to 3 minutes).
Table 4. Observation sheet for conducting GFRF (example)
|
Enterprise: PE "Kolyadka" |
Photo card |
Workshop/department: assembly Area: cabinet furniture |
||||||||
|
Shift: first |
Date: 01.10.09 |
|||||||||
|
Full name: 1 - Petrina M. S. 2 - Melnichuk Z. V. 3 - Strashko B. Yu. 4 - Zadirko V. V. 5 - Krizhuk M. M. 6 - Janissary D. D. |
||||||||||
|
Time |
Employee serial number |
|||||||||
|
Watch |
minutes |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
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The “time” column (schedule for making entries in the photo card form) is filled in in advance (imprinted). As a rule, inexperienced observers are afraid that they will not have time to record the results of observations in a timely manner, so they start with an interval of 3 minutes. Experience shows that the intensity of observations is distributed unevenly. At the same time, a trained observer can, without much effort, conduct a GFR for a group of six to ten workers with recording intervals of 1 minute. I recommend that you first prepare several forms of observation sheets - at different intervals, so that during the work you will be able to choose the optimal one.
Features of group observation. When the time comes to fill out the next line of the photo card, the actions/inactions of each employee should be recorded in the appropriate cells. For this purpose it is being developed simplified system of cost and time loss indexes, where those elements of costs and losses of working time that are of greatest interest when conducting this observation are used. (Using in this case an indexing system as detailed as when conducting an individual PDF may be too complex.)
To speed up the process of recording the results of GFRV observations, the observer should learn the notation used in advance. In the example under consideration, only 13 indexes were used:
IM - instructions from the master;
PZA - receiving a task;
PZG - receipt of blanks;
SGP - delivery of finished products;
OP - operational time;
OPU - packaging (part of operational time);
ORM - workplace maintenance;
OLN - rest and personal needs;
PNR - downtime through no fault of the worker;
PRA - downtime due to extraneous conversations;
BPR - causeless cessation of work;
OPO - late;
BRU - leaving the workplace for no reason.
When carrying out GERD, it is more convenient to use a watch with a digital display. The recording of employee actions should be carried out in the same order (for example, starting from the first), and each subsequent cycle should begin in the same way. The sequence of records does not change even in cases where people move around the site while working. Another important condition: the observer must simultaneously see all workers throughout the entire observation period. If this condition cannot be met, it is better to use the method of momentary observations (otherwise the observer will become very tired, since he will be forced to constantly move).
After completing the observations, a statement of the same costs and losses of working time is compiled ( table 5). Unlike the statement compiled when conducting an individual FRF, here not only the time is summed up by category for each of the workers individually, but the average value is also calculated for the entire group. At the same time, for each type of recorded costs and time losses, its duration in minutes and the share of the total observation time are indicated.
Table 5. Statement of the same costs and losses of working time for a group FW (example)
|
Enterprise: PE "Kolyadka" |
List of the same costs and losses of working time |
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|
Shift: first |
Date: 01.10.09 |
Workshop/department: Assembly area for cabinet furniture |
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|
Full name: 1 - Petrina M. S.; 2 - Melnichuk Z.V.; 3 - Strashko B. Yu.; 4 - Zadirko V.V.; 5 - Krizhuk M. M.; 6 - Janissary D. D. |
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|
Index |
Employee serial number |
Average |
|||||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
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|
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
min. |
% |
||
How is the duration determined, since the indicators of the current time are not recorded? To do this, the number of records with the same index is calculated, which is then multiplied by the value of the observation interval. For example: during the observation process, workers received workpieces 12 times, and the observation interval was 2 minutes. This means that the total time spent on this operation is 12 x 2 = 24 minutes. Obviously, the shorter the interval, the more accurate the observation results will be.
This is a long-known and very popular type of FRF, which attracts with its ease of implementation (prepared forms - distributed - explained how to fill out - collected), breadth of coverage and speed (in a few days you can “observe” the entire enterprise, even the directorate, if allowed).
What are the disadvantages of such “self-service”? Since the employee maintains records independently, time costs increase; he is distracted from work - the pace of work is lost and the likelihood of errors increases. To minimize negative effects, when taking self-photographs of working hours, only loss of working time. Indeed, since the employee is still idle, it means he has time to make an entry on the observation sheet ( table 6).
Table 6. Observation sheet for self-photography of working hours (example)
|
Enterprise: PJSC "Moda" |
Self-photograph of working hours |
Workshop/department: AUP |
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|
Date: 03/01/10 |
Position/profession: economist |
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|
Full name: Pushkareva E. V. |
Equipment: - |
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|
No. |
Reasons for lost working time |
Break times |
Duration, min. |
How common are lost working hours? |
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|
start, h.:min. |
end, h:min |
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|
Computer freezes |
Regularly |
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|
Waiting to see the manager |
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However, there are cases when an employee records all the costs and losses of his working time during the observation period: in fact, an individual FW is carried out, but the records are made by the “object of observation” himself. This is most often done when studying the work of employees.
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