Safety precautions Safety precautions and industrial sanitation is a complex of scientific, production, technical and organizational measures carried out. Presentation on the topic "safety" Download presentation on the topic of safety
RULES OF CONDUCT AND SAFETY WHEN WORKING IN THE COMPUTER CLASS
Questions:
- Why is it necessary to know TB when working with a PC?
General provisions
- Persons who are familiar with the safety instructions and the rules of conduct are allowed to work in the computer class.
- In case of violation of the instructions, the student is suspended from work and is allowed to study only on written permission teacher.
- Work of students in a computer class is allowed only in the presence of a teacher (engineer, laboratory assistant).
- Remember that each student is responsible for the condition of his workplace and the safety of the equipment placed on it.
Before starting work, you must:
- To enter the computer science classroom only with the permission of the teacher. Move around in the office calmly, without rushing.
- Do not enter the office in outerwear, hats, dirty shoes, with bulky items.
- It is allowed to work only on the computer that is allocated for this lesson.
- Before starting work, make sure that there is no visible damage to the equipment in the workplace.
- Place notebooks on the table study guides so that they do not interfere with the work on the computer;
- Remember that the voltage in the office network is turned on and off only by the teacher.
- Turn computers on and off by yourself.
- Be located on the side or behind the monitor when it is on;
- Move computers and monitors;
- Hit the keyboard, press the keys aimlessly;
- Delete and move other people's files;
- Block the ventilation holes on the system unit and monitor;
- Put clothes and bags on tables; books, notebooks and other things on the keyboard, monitor and system unit;
- Be in the office with drinks and food, chewing gum;
When working in a computer class, it is prohibited:
The main threat to human health when working with a PC is risk of electric shock. Therefore, it is prohibited:
- Work on equipment that has visible defects. Open the system block.
- Connect or disconnect cables, touch the connectors of connecting cables, wires and sockets, grounding devices.
- Touch the screen and the back of the monitor, keyboard.
- Attempt to troubleshoot the equipment yourself.
- Work with wet clothes and wet hands.
Being in a computer class, students need to:
- Fulfill the requirements of the teacher; Maintain silence and order;
- While online, work only under your username and password;
- Observe the mode of operation;
- The beginning and end of work to produce only with the permission of the teacher.
- In case of a sharp deterioration in well-being (the appearance of pain in the eyes, a sharp deterioration in visibility, the inability to focus the gaze, the appearance of pain in the fingers and hands, an increase in the heartbeat), leave immediately workplace, report the incident to the teacher and consult a doctor;
- Keep the workplace clean.
Upon completion of work, you must:
- Completion of work to be done with the permission of the teacher.
- Submit completed work.
- Quit all active programs and gracefully shut down the computer.
- Tidy up your workspace.
Safety requirements in emergency situations:
- If software errors or equipment failures occur, the student should immediately contact the teacher (laboratory assistant).
- If an unusual sound or smell appears, stop work and inform the teacher (laboratory assistant).
Workplace organization
- For comfortable work, it is necessary to be able to properly organize your workplace and the mode of work and rest.
- The correct working posture allows you to avoid muscle strain, promotes better blood flow and respiration, and, consequently, productive activity.
- It is necessary to observe the regime of work and rest: every 30-40 minutes of work at the PC it is recommended to change the type of activity.
Landing requirements:
- The distance from the screen to the eyes is 70 - 80 cm (arm's length);
- Vertically straight back;
- Shoulders dropped and relaxed;
- Feet on the floor and not crossed;
- Elbows, wrists and hands at the same level;
- Elbow, hip, knee, ankle joints at a right angle.
Sanitary and hygienic standards
There is a SanPin document " Hygiene requirements to video display terminals, personal computers and organization of work”, which defines a number of requirements for the organization of work on a PC.
The list of the most important requirements is as follows:
- natural and artificial illumination - 300...500 lux;
- noise level - no more than 65 dB;
- area per PC - not less than 6 m2; volume per PC - not less than 20 m 3;
- armchairs - lifting and swivel with adjustable height and tilt of the back;
- air exchange - normal;
- microclimate: humidity 40...60 %, air temperature in winter - 18...21°С, in summer - 23...25°С;
- continuous work time at the PC - no more than two hours, mandatory breaks;
- special measures - complex exercises for the muscles of the body and eyes, psychological relief
Approximate set of exercises for eyes
- Close your eyes, strongly straining the eye muscles, at the expense of 1-4, then open your eyes, relax the muscles of the eyes, look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
- Look at the bridge of your nose and hold your eyes on the count of 1-4. Do not bring your eyes to fatigue. Then open your eyes, look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
- Without turning your head, look to the right and fix your eyes on the score 1-4. Then look into the distance directly at the score 1-6. Exercises are carried out similarly, but with fixation of the gaze to the left, up, down. Repeat 3-4 times.
- Move your eyes quickly diagonally: up to the right - down to the left, then straight into the distance at the expense of 1-6; then left up - right down and look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
Questions:
- Why is it necessary to know the safety rules when working with a PC?
- What negative impact can work on a PC have on a person?
- How to avoid negative impact?
- What are the landing requirements when working with a PC?
- How to properly organize the regime of work and rest when working with a PC?
- What is not recommended to do in the computer room?
- How to start and end work in a computer class?
- Under what conditions can a person be allowed to work on a PC?
GBU KO POO "KITiS" AT quiz dedicated to the "Day of labor protection"
Teachers-Popovich A.A.
Kazakova N.N.
The purpose and objectives of the quiz
Purpose: repetition and consolidation of knowledge on labor protection, industrial and fire safety acquired at the lessons of electrical engineering, special disciplines.
educational: to enable students to update previously acquired knowledge in a variety of gaming activities.
Educational: contribute to the education of students' will to win, a sense of patriotism.
Educational: activate the development of memory, attention, thinking, the ability to navigate in various situations.
Teaching methods . Search, research methods, " brainstorm” are combined in this lesson with methods such as video lecture, slide show, conversation, storytelling, briefing, demonstration. Work forms. Frontal, group and individual. Equipment - interactive board, a computer . Didactic materials to the lesson. Technological cards, task cards and cards with safety instructions, supporting notes, control sheets.
І stage. Quiz "Fire safety". Questions and answers are given on the slides. II stage. Quiz "Electrical safety". Stage III. “Find violations” Photo. IV stage . Practical lesson: "First aid for bleeding"
Stage V. Interesting to know: Labor Code 1940".
Stage 1. " Fire safety"
1. A fire has started. What are your initial steps?
1) Run away;
2) Call 01 and tell the elders;
3) Extinguish yourself.
2. In order not to get poisoned by carbon monoxide, it is necessary ...
1) Take deep breaths;
2) Breathe through a damp cloth and leave the room immediately;
3) Cover your mouth and nose with your hands.
3. The source of ignition cannot be ...
1) Sparks from electrical equipment;
2) Careless handling of fire;
3) Violations of the rules and regulations for the storage of flammable materials;
4) Storage of green spaces;
5) Smoking in prohibited places.
4. If the microwave caught fire… what to do…
1) Throw it in the garbage chute;
2) Fill with water;
3) Disconnect from the mains and cover with a dense material.
5. What fire safety briefing does not exist?
1) Introductory;
2) Primary;
3) Secondary;
4) Repeated;
5) Current.
6. What is the telephone number of the fire department ...
- Question 1. Why is electricity considered one of the most dangerous production factors? (it is odorless, tasteless, colorless, invisible)
- Question 2. How many electrical safety tolerance groups do you know? (5 groups.)
- Question 3. What is the value of the electric current called not releasing? (0.01 Ampere)
- Question 4 . What factors affect the degree of electric shock to a person?(voltage magnitude, current strength, duration of flow, current flow paths, frequency and type of current, skin conditions at the point of contact, degree of fatigue and nervous tension, degree of intoxication, environment)
- Question 5. What methods of protection against electric shock do you know?(insulation and fencing of current-carrying parts, safety signs and posters, use of personal protective equipment, use of low voltages, protective grounding, protective shutdown, warning signaling and blocking.)
- Question 6. What is the course of action in case of electric shock?(Release the victim from the effects of electricity, put on a hard place, rub the body, give ammonia a sniff, when breathing stops, do artificial respiration and heart massage, call an ambulance.)
- 1.Construction site, after planning should be? (Fenced and lit)
- 2.Main causes of injury? (Non-compliance with T/B)
- 3. What are the types of briefings? (Introductory, in the workplace...)
- 4. What current strength is dangerous? (0.05 A)
- 5What is the cause of the fire? (Negligence...)
- 1. In the place of work of the crane, fences are installed, which are called? (danger zone)
- 2. What should be the fence construction site? (2m)
- 3. Is the current lethal? (0.01a)
- 4. Where is it allowed - to smoke at work? (Special place...)
- 5. How are they notified in case of fire? (sound signal, light.)
Stage 5 Practical task: "First aid for bleeding."
The accident happened all of a sudden
Burn, bruise or wound, God forbid.
And there is no doctor nearby...
Then you will remember today's lesson
We offer four situations:
The victim has dangerous bleeding from the wound of the arm; open fracture of the leg;
The victim is bleeding dangerously from a neck wound; open fracture of the forearm.
Careless Nicodemus I’ll tell you, my friend, I’ll tell you a poem about TB, so that neither accidents nor emergencies happen to you. There lived a lazy Nicodemus, a negligent Nicodemus, he was terribly disliked by safety briefings. He wouldn’t go to safety classes at all, he was tired from the lesson and after a little sleep he set to work, Violating that charter he violated and violated - he amused his pride, they say, someone very smart wrote something there. Nicodemus once, shavings flew into his eye before starting work - you protect your eye! The drill shattered, the guy was very “lucky”, you need to put on glasses - the pupils will be intact! Soon, standing at the machine, he played the fool, but he did not try to check the grounding yet. It can be seen that a very strong current was provided by the machine, so suddenly it hit the ground - Nicodemus fell off his feet! The case was on top, the conditions there are not the same: he staggered, stumbled - there will certainly be trouble. The guy didn’t put on the belt - in general, complete chaos - and, as they just said from a height, he flew-e-e-ate ... And now he lies in a cast, drinks fizzy “Oops.” “Can I really not save myself from misfortunes? » So, suffering, he lies, a tear runs down his cheek and a compassionate comrade hurries to the guy with help: “I brought a collection of rules on safety to you here. All of us, you know, are not indifferent, Nicodemus to your fate, heal your body and teach instructions. The hype began: the entire limping floor, to the surprise of the doctors, was learning instruction in unison!
- Summing up the game
- Winner's reward ceremony
MKOU "Secondary school
with. Bijan"
TECHNIQUE INSTRUCTION
SECURITY
2017
Instruction No. 1
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING THE EXCURSIONS
1. To the museum, to the exhibition:
- Be calm, restrained.
- Look carefully, listen, do not run randomly from one to another.
- Don't touch anything without permission.
- Don't speak loudly.
- Don't forget to thank the tour guide.
2. To nature:
- Take clean water to drink and wash your hands.
- Do not drink raw water from natural reservoirs.
- Do not collect plants unknown to you, in no case take them into your mouth.
- Don't pollute nature.
- Don't light a fire.
- Don't break trees.
- After the event, go straight home.
- Obey the rules of the road.
one . Walk on the sidewalk only on the right side. If there is no sidewalk, walk on the left side of the road facing traffic.
2. Cross the road at the place where a footpath is indicated or a traffic light is installed. Cross the road at the green light.
3. When crossing the road, look first to the left, then to the right.
4. If there is no traffic light, cross the road at the crossroads. You need to cross the street straight, not obliquely.
5. Do not cross the road in front of nearby vehicles.
6. On the roadway, games are strictly prohibited.
7. Do not ride on the roadway on a bicycle.
Instruction number 3
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING LESSONS
TECHNOLOGY
- when working with a needle -
1. Keep the needle always in the needle case.
2. Do not leave the needle in the workplace without a thread.
3. Pass the needle in the needle case and with thread.
4. Do not put the needle in your mouth, do not play with it.
5. Do not stick the needle into clothing.
6. Before and after work, check the number of needles.
7. Keep the needle bar always in one place.
8. Do not be distracted while working with the needle.
- when working with scissors -
9. Work with well-adjusted and sharpened scissors.
10. Scissors should have blunt, rounded ends.
11. Don't leave scissors open.
12. Pass the scissors rings forward.
13. Do not play with scissors, do not bring it to your face.
14. Use scissors only for their intended purpose.
Instruction number 4
BEHAVIOR RULES
IN PUBLIC PLACES
1. It is indecent to talk loudly, shout, laugh on the street.
2. You can not litter on the street: gnaw seeds, throw papers, candy wrappers, apple cores.
3. While visiting the cinema, do not make noise, run, start games.
4. While watching a movie, it is indecent to disturb the audience, slam chairs, whistle, stomp.
5. When entering the hall and when leaving, do not rush, push.
6. Be polite.
Instruction number 5
PRIVATE RULES
SAFETY ON THE STREET
1. If someone walks on the street and runs after you, but it’s far from home, run to the nearest crowded place: to the store, bus stop.
2. If unfamiliar adults try to take you away by force, resist, scream, call for help: "Help! A stranger is taking me away!"
3. Do not agree to any proposals of unfamiliar adults.
4. Do not go anywhere with unfamiliar adults and do not get into a car with them.
5. Never boast that your adults have a lot of money.
6. Do not invite strangers home if there are no adults at home.
5. 7. Don't play after dark.
Instruction No. 6
FIRE RULES
SAFETY AND HANDLING
WITH ELECTRIC APPLIANCES
It is forbidden:
1. Throw burning matches, cigarette butts indoors.
2. Carelessly, carelessly handle fire.
3. Dispose of burning ashes near buildings.
4. Leave open the doors of stoves, fireplaces.
5. Connect a large number of current consumers to one outlet.
6. Use faulty equipment and devices.
7. Use damaged outlets. Use electric irons, stoves, kettles without stands made of fireproof materials.
8. Use electrical cords and wires with broken insulation.
9. Leave heating stoves unattended.
10. Do not pick the socket with your finger or other objects.
11. Repair and disassemble electrical appliances ourselves.
Permitted:
1. Protect the house from fire.
2. In the event of a fire, call the fire brigade.
3. Use all available means to extinguish the fire.
4. Sound an alarm.
5. Meet firefighters and inform them about the fire.
6. Know the evacuation plan in case of fire.
7. Shout and call for help from adults.
8. Move crawling or crouching if the room is heavily smoky.
9. Remove people and children from the burning room.
10. Throw a blanket over the victim.
Instruction number 7
SAFETY REGULATIONS
ON ICE
- Before moving on the ice, you need to make sure of its strength, tested by adults.
2. You should follow the already laid path.
3. You should not go skiing and sledding in an unfamiliar place with a cliff.
4. You should be especially careful near bushes and grass protruding to the surface; in places where there is a fast current, where sewage from industrial enterprises flows.
5. Do not forget in autumn and spring the ice is thin.
Instruction number 8
SAFETY RULES
BEHAVIOR ON THE WATER IN SUMMER
1. You can swim only in places permitted and in the presence of adults.
2. You can not dive in unfamiliar places - at the bottom there may be sunk logs, stones, driftwood.
3. You should not swim in wetlands and where there is algae and mud.
4. You should not start a game where you have to "drown" each arc as a joke.
5. Do not raise false alarms.
Instruction number 9
SAFETY REGULATIONS
INTERACTION WITH ANIMALS
2. Do not stare into the dog's eyes and smile. Translated from "dog" it means "show teeth", or say that you are stronger.
3. You can not show your fear and excitement. The dog can sense this and act aggressively.
4. You can not run away from the dog. By this you invite the dog to hunt for the fleeing game.
5. Do not feed other people's dogs and do not touch the dog while eating or sleeping.
6. Avoid getting close to large guard dogs. Some of them are trained to rush at people approaching a certain distance.
7. Do not make sudden movements when handling the dog or the owner of the dog. She may think that you are threatening him.
8. Don't touch puppies or take anything your dog plays with.
9. If in bottleneck(for example, at the entrance) the dog walks towards you on a leash, it is better to stop and let its owner pass.
10. Animals can spread diseases such as rabies, lichen, plague, typhoid, etc.
Instruction number 10
BEHAVIOR RULES,
WHEN YOU ARE ALONE AT HOME
- You can open the door only to a well-known person.
2. Do not leave the key to the apartment in a "safe place"
3. Do not hang the key on a string around your neck.
4. If you have lost your key, tell your parents immediately.
Instruction No. 11
REGULATIONS
COMMUNICATION BY PHONE
- Do not give an address or apartment number.
2. Never give your phone number (you can only answer "yes" or "no")
3. Don't get into conversations with strangers.
Instruction No. 12
BEHAVIOR RULES
IN THE DINING ROOM
1. The attendants go to the dining room 10 minutes earlier for table setting.
2. Walk only in formation.
3. Be sure to wash and dry your hands before eating.
4. Take your seat.
5. Don't talk while eating.
6. Keep cleanliness and order on the table.
7. After eating, clean up your dishes.
8. I ate before - wait for your comrades.
9. Return to class in the ranks.
Instruction No. 13
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING THE WALK
1. Go for a walk in the ranks.
2. Play on the sports ground.
3. Do not play with piercing, massive objects.
4. Do not push, do not put steps.
5. Do not throw snowballs, stones, various objects.
6. Go to the toilet only with the permission of the teacher, educator.
7. From the street, come in line.
Instruction No. 14
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING AUTUMN HOLIDAYS
1. Follow the traffic rules (No. 2)
5. Observe the rules of behavior near water bodies during their pre-winter freezing, ice safety rules (No. 7).
10. Beware of ice to avoid falls and injury
Instruction No. 15
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING WINTER HOLIDAYS
one . Follow the rules of traffic rules (№2)
2. Follow the rules of fire safety and handling of electrical appliances (No. 6).
3. Follow the rules of behavior in public places (No. 4).
4. Follow the rules of personal safety on the street (#5).
6. Follow the rules of conduct when you are alone at home (#10).
7. Follow animal safety rules (No. 9).
8. Do not play with sharp, piercing and cutting, flammable and explosive objects, firearms and edged weapons, ammunition.
9. Don't drink medications without a doctor's prescription, drugs, alcohol, do not smoke or sniff toxic substances.
Instruction No. 16
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING SPRING HOLIDAYS
1. Follow the traffic rules (No. 2)
2. Follow the rules of fire safety and handling of electrical appliances (No. 6).
3. Follow the rules of behavior in public places (No. 4).
4. Follow the rules of personal safety on the street (#5).
5. Follow the safety rules on the ice (No. 7).
6. Follow the rules of conduct when you are alone at home (#10).
7. Follow animal safety rules (No. 9).
8. Do not play with sharp, piercing and cutting, flammable and explosive objects, firearms and edged weapons, ammunition.
9. Do not use drugs without a doctor's prescription, drugs, alcohol, do not smoke or sniff toxic substances.
10. Beware of ice to avoid falls and injury.
11. Do not play near buildings with snow and ice hanging from the roofs.
Instruction No. 17
BEHAVIOR RULES
DURING SUMMER HOLIDAYS
1. Follow the traffic rules (No. 2)
2. Follow the rules of fire safety and handling of electrical appliances (No. 6).
3. Follow the rules of behavior in public places (No. 4).
4. Follow the rules of personal safety on the street (#5).
5. Follow the rules safe behavior on the water in summer (No. 8).
6. Follow the rules of conduct when you are alone at home (#10).
7. Follow animal safety rules (No. 9).
8. Do not play with sharp, piercing and cutting, flammable and explosive objects, firearms and edged weapons, ammunition.
9. Do not use drugs without a doctor's prescription, drugs, alcohol, do not smoke or sniff toxic substances.
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Slides captions:
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF SAFE OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS. Compiled by Karpova I.I. Labor protection teacher
For the first group, persons who do not have a special electrical training, but having a clear understanding of the danger of electric current and safety measures when working on the serviced area, electrical equipment, electrical installation. Applicants must have practical knowledge of the rules of first aid.
Electrical safety is understood as a system of organizational and technical measures to protect a person from the action of damaging factors of electric current. Electrical injury is the result of exposure to an electric current and an electric arc.
Electric current, passing through a living organism, produces: thermal (thermal) effect, which is expressed in burns of individual parts of the body, heating of blood vessels, blood, nerve fibers, etc.; electrolytic (biochemical) action - expressed in the decomposition of blood and other organic fluids, causing significant violations of their physico-chemical compositions; biological (mechanical) action - expressed in irritation and excitation of living tissues of the body, accompanied by involuntary convulsive contraction of muscles (including the heart, lungs).
Electrical injuries include: electrical burns (current, contact arc, as well as combined); electric signs ("tags"), skin metallization; mechanical damage; electrophthalmia; electric shock (electric shock).
The main factors determining the outcome of the lesion are: the magnitude of the current and voltage; duration of current exposure; body resistance; loop ("path") of current; psychological readiness to the blow.
According to the degree of physiological impact, the following damaging currents can be distinguished: 0.8 - 1.2 mA - threshold perceptible current (that is, the lowest value of the current that a person begins to feel); 10 - 16 mA - threshold non-letting (chaining) current, when, due to convulsive contraction of the hands, a person cannot independently free himself from current-carrying parts; 100 mA - threshold fibrillation current; it is the estimated shock current. In this case, it must be borne in mind that the probability of being struck by such a current is 50% with a duration of its impact of at least 0.5 seconds.
Work on live parts without the use of protective equipment is possible only when the voltage is completely removed!
The factors of a person's condition that significantly increase the likelihood of a fatal electric shock to a person should include: everything that increases the rate of the heart - fatigue, agitation, taking alcohol, drugs, certain drugs, smoking, illness; anything that reduces skin resistance - sweating, cuts, drinking alcohol.
The path ("loop") of current through the human body. When investigating accidents associated with the impact of electric current, first of all it turns out which way the current flowed. A person can touch current-carrying parts (or non-current-carrying metal parts that may be energized) with a variety of parts of the body. Hence the variety possible ways current. The following are recognized as the most probable: "right arm - legs" (20% of cases of defeat); "left arm - legs" (17%); "both arms - legs" (12%); "head - legs" (5%); "hand - hand" (40%); "leg - leg" (6%).
Stepping is the voltage between two points of the earth, due to the spreading of current in the earth, while simultaneously touching them with the feet of a person. Moreover, the wider the step, the more current flows through the legs. To protect against step voltage, additional means of protection are used - dielectric boots, dielectric mats. In the case when the use of these means is not possible, it is necessary to leave the spreading zone so that the distance between the feet standing on the ground is minimal - in short steps. It is also safe to move on a dry board and other dry, non-conductive objects.
Precautions when using electrical appliances and networks To do this, it is necessary: to maintain the electrical network and electrical appliances connected to it in good condition; know and always comply with the basic requirements for the installation of electrical installations, and precautions when using them; having felt the action of electric current when touching metal structures - immediately take measures to prevent people from entering the dangerous place and report this to the manager.
Wire protection It is impossible to use any kind of surrogates in the form of a bundle of wire (the so-called "bugs") and the like instead of cork fuses! It is impossible to exclude automatic releases (“automatic devices”) and RCDs from the circuit, even if they are constantly “knocked out”! In the event of a blown fuse, as well as an automatic release, it must be replaced with a new one of the SAME RATE (CURRENT).
Insulation serviceability It must always be remembered that touching bare current-carrying wires, as well as faulty and damaged devices, appliances, electrical fittings, is a great danger to life. Repair of electrical wiring should be carried out only by qualified workers with a complete shutdown of the repaired section of the wiring.
Safety precautions Safety precautions and industrial sanitation is a complex of scientific, industrial, technical and organizational measures taken to create healthy and safe working conditions. Safety engineering develops rules for safe work, a system of briefings and monitors their timely implementation; the need and conditions for the use of means general protection list of personal protective equipment and methods of their application system of compensation for occupational hazards
Hazards and hazards arising from the production process Hazards and hazardsProtection Elevated temperature(thermal burns, heat strokes) Ventilation, overalls, oxygen cocktails Low temperature (hypothermia or frostbite) Arrangement of vestibules, air heaters, overalls Low illumination Replacing incandescent lamps with fluorescent lamps, local lighting NoiseHeadphones, noise curtains. VibrationInstallation of mechanisms on special foundations, anti-vibration shoes High voltage of the mains Fencing, voltage reduction static electricity Humidification, equipment grounding
Hazards and hazardsProtection Possibility of receiving mechanical damage from operating mechanisms Fencing, blocking, automation During transportationKnowledge of work rules Penetration of harmful substances into the air of the working area Ventilation, non-waste production, knowledge of MPC Burns (chemical)Personal protective equipment, knowledge of TB rules tract Proper storage and handling of reagents Irritation of the mucous membrane of the eyes Personal protective equipment, ventilation Explosions, fires Compliance with the rules for working with flammable liquids, combustible liquids, etc., timely preventive measures
Accidents and occupational diseases harmful factor, what happened: in case of non-compliance with the rules of safety by workers; in case of non-compliance with measures by the administration of the enterprise; from faulty equipment; unexpected violation technological process. Classification of accidents according to the force of impact: minor injury (no disability); injury with loss of ability to work from 1 to 3 working days; injury with loss of working capacity for more than 3 days; disability; fatal accident (the last three are necessarily investigated by the commission).
Classification of injuries according to the place of injury and impact factor Burns 1. Burns: thermal; chemical. Mechanical injuries 2. Mechanical injuries: cuts; bruises; fractures. Electrical injury 3. Electrical injury: electrical burns; paralysis of arms, legs, respiratory organs; fatal outcome. Acute poisoning 4. Acute poisoning: through the gastrointestinal tract; through the respiratory tract; through the capillary system of the skin
Rules of Conduct in the Department of Profile Education (OPO) STRICTLY PROHIBITED: Independently turn on and off muffle furnaces and drying cabinets, switch the temperature controller, turn electrical appliances on and off. Use a business phone without the permission of the PBO employees. Leave the HIF without the permission of the teacher or laboratory assistant. Do work that is not related to the task. Bring things that are not related to work (bags, briefcases, etc.) to the laboratory room. To be in the premises of the OPO during non-working hours. Move from one laboratory to another without the permission of employees. To be in the laboratories in the absence of employees of the public health facility. Be in the laboratory alone working.
Responsibilities of students Comply with the work schedule; have a diary and, in case of missing classes, have a corroborating document, the absence of which leads to suspension from classes; notify HIF employees of any emergency (injury, equipment malfunction, spill of acids or alkalis, occurrence of a fire); know your workplace and keep it clean; keep the entire territory of the HIF clean; properly organize your workplace, avoid cluttering it with unnecessary utensils and reagents; keep common chemical utensils clean; keep in order cupboards with utensils for common use; to be in the laboratory only in a dressing gown and removable shoes that meet the requirements of hygiene and safety;
Conscientiously prepare for classes and strictly fulfill all the requirements of the employees of the public educational institution; all conversations related to work should be conducted in an undertone, extraneous conversations are prohibited; comply with safety regulations, fire safety and industrial sanitation and, if necessary, use personal protective equipment; be able to behave emergency know the location of fire exits and evacuation routes in the event of a fire; know the purpose and use of medicines in the medicine cabinet.
Duties of the attendants Prepare the laboratory room for work (ventilate, prepare markers, a board, a rag); make sure that during breaks students are not in the laboratory, and the laboratory room is ventilated; monitor the discipline of students in the OPO corridor; to clean the laboratory room in accordance with the current "Memo to the duty officer".
Rules for the use of water supply and sewerage Water is supplied to the laboratory premises from the city water supply and is used only for washing dishes and cleaning the premises. Drinking it is strictly prohibited. At the end of using tap water, be sure to close the taps, clean the mesh in the sink from debris and wipe the tables and the floor near the sink. To avoid clogging and corrosion of sewer pipes, it is prohibited to: throw paper, filters, etc. into sinks; pour out the chromium mixture, waste chemical reagents (acids and alkalis, flammable liquids and combustible liquids, oxidizing and reducing agents).
The device of the ventilation system in HIFs and the rules for its operation Ventilation is a complex of processes designed to remove polluted air from the premises and supply clean air. Ventilation Supply Artificial Natural Supply and exhaust Exhaust
Electrical safety Electrical equipment used in HIF laboratories includes: electric stoves, drying and muffle cabinets, electrical measuring instruments. Electric shock hazard Electric current is increased danger, because: is invisible; failure occurs suddenly. Factors affecting the degree of electric shock: type of voltage and current strength (constant or variable); safe voltage 36 V; current I \u003d 0.01 A (alternating current), I \u003d 0.5A ( D.C.). Data established experimentally; the time of exposure to the current passing through the human body;
Current frequency (the most dangerous current is the maximum frequency in the Hz network); contact surface size and contact density; conditions external environment(humidity, temperature); individual properties of the body: individual properties of the body: the condition of the skin (moisture, the presence of abrasions, scratches on the hands); degree of fatigue; Attention; the gender of the person; human temperature
Basic protection measures Ensuring the inaccessibility of current-carrying parts for accidental contact (fencing them, isolation and placement at a height). There are no open current-carrying parts of the equipment in the HIF. Application of protective grounding and grounding of electrical installations. Application of protective shutdown. The use of low voltages, which is associated with technological difficulties. Application individual means protection. Protective grounding is an effective and simple measure of protection against electric shock - a deliberate connection to the ground of non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment that may become energized if the electrical insulation is broken (muffle furnaces, drying cabinets). Protective grounding - grounding system with a neutral grounded wire - connection of non-current-carrying parts of electrical installations that may accidentally become energized with a repeatedly grounded neutral wire
