Analysis of the content of the range of drugs in the table. Analysis of the range of drugs sold for rhinitis of various etiologies
Defined specific gravity pharmacological groups in total medicines(drugs) used in detoxification therapy in narcology, according to the number of international non-proprietary names (INN). As a result of the research, it was found that 55 INNs are presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market under 453 trade names (TN). The group of rehydrating drugs predominates in terms of the amount of TN, which indicates their great diversity. This is followed by a group of vitamins, which is slightly inferior to the leading group. The smallest amount of TN is represented by a group of antipsychotic drugs. Drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology are supplied to the Russian market by 72 manufacturers from 22 countries. The structure of the assortment is dominated by drugs of domestic production - 337 TN (74.4%). The rest of the assortment falls on foreign manufacturers - 116 TN (25.6%). Among them, the leading place is occupied by Germany - 23 TN (5.1%), followed by Ukraine and Belarus - 20 TN each (4.4%). A small share in the assortment is represented by products foreign countries such as Hungary, Serbia, Belgium, Poland, India, etc. In detoxification therapy in narcology, most drugs are represented by solutions, since dosage forms for parenteral administration are more in demand, which is explained by the need for a quick onset of the effect and exit from the state of intoxication. Among the solutions, depending on the method of administration, solutions for infusion predominate. The fifth part falls on solutions for intramuscular injection. This is followed by solutions for intravenous administration. For the purpose of studying retail market Drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, indicators of the assortment of the pharmacy organization GAUZ RND MOH RT were calculated: the breadth, completeness and depth of the assortment. The breadth factor of the range of 0.76 indicates a wide range of drugs. The completeness coefficient shows a sufficient number of names of dosage forms of one pharmacological group available in the pharmacy organization. low value depth coefficient indicates a small variety of drugs for detoxification therapy, presented in the RND pharmacy organization. The range of medicines used in detoxification therapy in narcology, which is presented on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, has been studied and analyzed. wholesale suppliers. Using the price lists of regional distributors, a number of indicators were compiled in the form of an update index. Bronchodilators have the highest renewal index, followed by a group of detoxifying drugs. Antispasmodics and carbohydrate nutrition have the lowest renewal index. When determining the degree of renewal, it was calculated that a group of rehydrating agents has a high renewal index. The analeptic group has the most significant update index.
medicines
used in detoxification therapy in narcology
range
structural analysis
1. Valentik Yu.V. Medico-social work in narcology / Yu.V. Valentik, O.V. Zykov, M.G. Tsetlin. - Arkhangelsk: ed. Arkhangelsk State Medical Academy, 2007. - 301 p.
2. Ivanets N.N. Lectures on narcology - M.: Medpraktika, 2001. - S. 223-229.
3. Koshkina, E.A. Features of the use of surfactants among the population of certain regions of Russia / E. A. Koshkina, K.V. Vyshinsky // Narcology. - 2010. - No. 4. - P. 16–24.
4. Kuzminov V.N. Drug addiction, substance abuse: pharmacotherapy of narcological diseases / V.N. Kuzminov, A.S. Abrosimov // Medicines in narcopsychopharmacology. - Kharkov: Prapor, 2002. - S. 68-107.
5. List of medicines registered, included in the state register of medicines and approved for medical use in the Russian Federation (as of April 2012 according to electronic database state register of medicines).
6. Sagittarius, N.V. Emergency conditions in chronic alcoholism / N.V. Sagittarius, S.I. Utkin // Psychiatry and psychopharmacotherapy. - 2001. - V. 3, No. 3. - S. 83–88.
7. Fattakhov F.Z. Analysis of the activity of narcological institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2009–2011 / F.Z. Fattakhov, G.G. Tukhvatullin, I.V. Tazetdinov. - Kazan: Republican Narcological Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, 2011. - 150 p.
The abuse of alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances (PS) by the end of the twentieth century swept the whole world and took on the character of a pandemic. According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), only the number of patients with diseases associated with substance dependence is today about 500 million people.
At the regional level, including in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) (according to the data of the Republican Narcological Dispensary (RND) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan), alcoholic pathologies also have high rates.
Currently, there are nine groups of emergency conditions in narcology. Appropriate approaches to intensive therapy are proposed for each group and treatment regimens are developed.
The methods of intensive care currently used in narcology remain insufficiently effective, because. indications for their use have not been developed and there are no clearly justified comprehensive programs. One of the main methods is detoxification. The patient is given infusion therapy in a volume of 40-50 ml/kg under the control of central venous pressure, blood plasma osmolarity, average erythrocyte diameter, water and electrolyte balance, acid-base status and diuresis. If necessary, diuresis can be stimulated with diuretics or an appropriate selection of the volume of infusion therapy. The specific choice of drugs and solutions for infusion therapy should be based on the existing violations in this case. So, it is necessary to replenish water losses, replenish electrolyte losses, improve the rheological properties of blood, i.e. an increase in its suspension properties, a decrease in the viscosity and aggregation of formed elements, an increase in the osmolarity of the fluid in the vascular bed, the actual detoxification, which is carried out by transfusion of Hemodez or Neocompensan solutions, vitamin therapy, electrochemical methods of detoxification, especially one of its variants - the method of indirect electrochemical blood oxidation, in which the blood does not directly come into contact with the electrodes, and physiological saline (0.89%) is subjected to electrolysis, as a result of which atomic oxygen is formed on the anodes as part of sodium hypochlorite. The volume of infusion averages 400-600 ml per day.
The basic principles of emergency pharmacotherapy should include a syndromic approach. The most common complications in chronic intoxication are liver damage (prescribe hepatoprotectors), vegetative disorders (use benzodiazepine tranquilizers), neurological disorders (prescribe agents that improve cerebral circulation, metabolism, anticonvulsants, dehydration therapy, and vitamin therapy).
Against the backdrop of a tense situation with narcological diseases, rejuvenation of the contingent of patients, a growing range of medicines (drugs), it is necessary to develop marketing strategies institutional consumers.
The purpose of this research is to determine the structure of the range of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, using marketing analysis methods.
Materials and methods of research
Economic and statistical (comparison, grouping, ranking), marketing methods of analysis.
Research results and discussion
Using federal standards treatment of narcological patients, 55 international non-proprietary names (INN) of medicinal substances used in detoxification therapy were identified. For the structural analysis of the assortment, drugs registered in State Register LS RF.
Drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology belong to 25 pharmacological groups. According to the largest number of INNs, the group of hepatoprotectors prevails - 16.0%. This is followed by a group of vitamins - 10.0%. The group of hypoglycemic drugs makes up 8.0% of the total volume of drugs (Fig. 1).
As a result of the research, it was found that 55 INNs are presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market under 453 trade names (TN). In terms of the number of TN, the group of rehydrating drugs prevails (47 TN), which indicates their great diversity. This is followed by a group of vitamins (46 TH), which is slightly inferior to the leading group. The smallest amount of TN (2 TN) is represented by a group of antipsychotic drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology.
Drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology are supplied to the Russian market by 72 manufacturers from 22 countries (Fig. 2).
Rice. 1. The share of pharmacological groups in the total volume of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, by the number of INNs
Rice. 2. Assortment contour of the segment Russian market Drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology
It should be noted that drugs of domestic production predominate in the assortment structure - 337 TN (74.4%). The rest of the assortment falls on foreign manufacturers - 116 TN (25.6%). Among them, the leading place is occupied by Germany 23 TN (5.1%), followed by Ukraine and Belarus - 20 TN each (4.4%). A small share in the assortment is represented by products from foreign countries, such as Hungary, Serbia, Belgium, Poland, India, etc.
An important component of the therapeutic effect in the treatment of most diseases is the correct choice of dosage form. In detoxification therapy in narcology, most drugs are represented by solutions (79.82%), since dosage forms for parenteral administration are more in demand, which is explained by the need for a quick onset of the effect and exit from the state of intoxication (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. The structure of the range of drugs used in AI by dosage forms
Among the solutions, depending on the method of administration, solutions for infusion prevail (45.40%). The fifth part falls on solutions for intramuscular injection (18.0%). This is followed by solutions for intravenous and intramuscular administration (12.60%) (Fig. 4).
We also studied and analyzed the range of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, represented in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan by the following wholesale suppliers: Medif, Kazan-Pharm, SIA-International, Protek, Katren, Baltimore ”, “Apteka-holding”, etc. With the help of price lists of regional distributors, a number of indicators were compiled in the form of an update index (Fig. 5).
In addition, we also calculated the renewal index by pharmacological groups (table).
Rice. 4. Methods of administration of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology
Rice. 5. Index of renewal of the range of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology of regional distributors
Index of updating the assortment of regional distributors by pharmacological groups
|
Pharmacotherapeutic group |
Update Index |
|
|
Analeptics |
||
|
cardiac glycosides |
||
|
vitamins |
||
|
Nootropics |
||
|
Hepatoprotectors |
||
|
Means of carbohydrate nutrition |
||
|
Anxiolytics |
||
|
Phosphorus-calcium metabolism regulators |
||
|
Vasodilators |
||
|
Rehydrating agents |
||
|
Means that restore electrolyte balance |
||
|
Antispasmodics |
||
|
Detoxification agents |
||
|
Bronchodilators |
||
|
ACE inhibitors |
||
|
Blockers of slow calcium channels |
||
Thus, it was found that among the drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, the highest renewal index for bronchodilators (0.66), followed by a group of detoxification drugs - 0.37. The smallest renewal index for antispasmodics and carbohydrate nutrition products is 0.06 each. When determining the degree of renewal, it was calculated that a group of rehydrating agents has a high renewal index (0.70). The group of analeptics have the highest renewal index - 0.80. The lowest renewal index is 0.05 for vitamins.
In order to study the retail market of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, the indicators of the assortment of the pharmacy organization RND were calculated: the breadth, completeness and depth of the assortment. Considering that the number of assortment subgroups in the pharmacy organization is 19, and the number of groups allowed and presented in the State Register is 25, then the assortment breadth coefficient was: 19/25 = 0.76. In the pharmacy of the RND of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, drugs of all dosage forms are presented, with the exception of suspensions. The completeness ratio of the assortment was: 5/6 = 0.83. Understanding the variety of drugs as the final form of release, taking into account the indicators: size, volume, concentration, type and form of packaging, the depth of the assortment was calculated: 47/563 = 0.083. The assortment breadth factor is closer to 1.0, which indicates a wide range of drugs presented in the RND pharmacy organization.
The completeness coefficient (0.83) shows a sufficient number of names of dosage forms of one drug or one pharmacological group available in the pharmacy organization. The low value of the depth coefficient (0.083) indicates a small variety of drugs for detoxification therapy.
Our results allow us to draw the following conclusions:
- the range of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology is represented by 453 trade names for 55 international generic names from 25 pharmacotherapeutic groups, while a significant part of the range falls on domestic manufacturers (71.2%), and solutions prevail in dosage forms (78, 9%) administered as infusions (45.4%);
- Among the groups of drugs used in detoxification therapy in narcology, bronchodilators have the highest renewal index, followed by a group of detoxification drugs. Antispasmodics and carbohydrate nutrition have the lowest renewal index. When determining the degree, it was found that a group of rehydrating agents has a high renewal index. The analeptic group has the highest renewal index. Vitamins have the lowest renewal index;
- The pharmacy organization GAUZ RND MOH RT offers a wide range of drugs, a sufficient number of dosage forms of one drug or one pharmacological group and a small variety of drugs for detoxification therapy.
Reviewers:
Tukhbatullina R.G., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, GBOU VPO KazSMU, Kazan;
Nasybullina N.M., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, KazSMU, Kazan.
The work was received by the editors on December 19, 2013.
Bibliographic link
Sidullin A.Yu. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE RANGE OF DRUGS USED IN DETOXICATION THERAPY IN NARCOLOGY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN) // Basic Research. - 2013. - No. 11-5. – P. 964-969;URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=33234 (date of access: 01/04/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"
Department of Health of the Tyumen Region
State Autonomous Vocational Educational Institution of the Tyumen Region
"Tyumen Medical College"
Course work
Analysis of the range of intranasal drugs in a pharmacy
Specialty - 33.02.01 Pharmacy
PM 01. Sale of medicines and pharmacy products
Completed by: student in the specialty
"Pharmacy", course 3, group 340,
full-time education Ryavkina Yu.R.
supervisor
Kireeva T.V.
Tyumen 2016
INTRODUCTION
Relevance of the study: one of the important problems of modern pharmacy is the creation of new, more effective than the currently used drugs for the treatment of rhinitis. Despite the successes achieved in the field of drug development, the further development of methods for isolating and studying active substances from medicinal raw materials continues to attract specialists in the field of pharmacy. However, in the Russian pharmaceutical market there are practically no effective drops of domestic production for the treatment of rhinitis. Therefore, the actual topic today is the creation of a cheaper and more effective drug (domestic production) for the treatment of rhinitis. The aim of the work is to study the range of intranasal drugs in the pharmacy of A.
Research objectives:
1) Study the scientific literature;
2) Examine the range of intranasal drugs in the pharmacy;
3) Take stock.
Hypothesis: the largest range of intranasal drugs in the pharmacy is occupied by spirea. Subject of study: the range of intranasal drugs in the pharmacy A. The object of the study are intranasal drugs.
Research methods:
1) analytical,
2) graphic,
3) comparative.
Practical significance of the research: I use the results of theoretical analysis and practical research for my own purposes for general development.
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRANASAL DRUGS
1.1 Classification and characterization of intranasal medicinal products
For introduction into the nasal cavity, a fairly limited number of pharmacological forms are used.
First of all, it is, of course, nose drops. It is possible to inhale powders with a fine structure. Used laying ointments. Various solutions or decoctions of herbs for washing the nasal cavities do not belong to this group due to the short exposure to the mucous membrane when they are used.
The main form of release of intranasal drugs with a systemic effect are nasal sprays.
They are available in the form of compressed air dispensers or with an active spray pump. Due to the specific volume of spray ejected with a single press, there is the possibility of a relatively controlled dosage of the drug.
Intranasal administration is possible for:
H1-antihistamine (antiallergic);
a-adrenomimetics (vasoconstrictor);
Mast cell membrane stabilizers
serotonergic (having various effects - from vasoconstriction to anti-allergic);
hormonal and antihormonal;
narcotic analgesics;
Immunomodulators;
correctors of cartilage and bone tissue metabolism;
psychostimulants and nootropics.
ADRIANOL
Release form: nasal drops for adults and children in bottles of 10 ml.
Active ingredients: phenylephrine chloride and tramazolin chloride
Therapeutic action: decongestant.
Indications: rhinitis, allergic rhinitis
Producer: ZDRAVLE, AT, Serbia.
ALLERGODIL
Presentation: dosed nasal spray 1 mg/ml vial 10 ml, with a screw-on sprayer, No. 1.
Active ingredient: azepastine hydrochloride (1 dose - 0.14 mg)
Therapeutic action: antiallergic. It blocks 1-11 - histamine receptors, inhibits the degranulation of mast cells and the release of inflammatory mediators from them.
Indications: seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis.
Producer: Meda MenufekcheringGmbH, Germany.
BECLAZON
Release form: dosed aerosol for inhalation 50; 100 and 250 mcg/dose in vials of 200 doses.
Active ingredient: beclomethasone dipropionate.
Therapeutic action: anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-exudate.
Indications: treatment of bronchial asthma with insufficient effectiveness of bronchodilators and / or sodium cromoglycate, severe hormone-dependent asthma in adults and children.
Manufacturer: IVEX Pharmaceuticals s. R. o., Czech Republic.
VIBROCIL
Release form: nasal drops in dropper bottles of 15 ml; nasal spray 10 ml; gel for intranasal use in tubes of 12 g.
Active ingredient: phenylephrine and dimethindenemaleate (0.25 and 0.025%, respectively).
Therapeutic action: vasoconstrictor, anti-edematous, anti-allergic.
Indications: symptomatic treatment of acute rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute otitis media.
Manufacturer: NovartisConsumerHealth S.A., Switzerland.
GALAZOLIN
Release form: nasal drops 0.05% and 0.1% in 10 ml vials.
Active ingredient: xylometazoline hydrochloride.
Therapeutic action: decongestant, alpha - and adrenomimetic, peripheral vasoconstrictor.
Indications: acute allergic rhinitis, hay runny nose, inflammatory conditions of the nasopharynx.
Producer: Polfa AT, Warsaw Pharmaceutical Plant.
Release form: solution for intranasal use 0.05 and 0.1% in 10 ml vials.
Active ingredient: Xylometazoline hydrochloride.
Therapeutic action: vasoconstrictor, reduction of swelling of the nasal mucosa.
Indications: runny nose, allergic rhinitis (including hay fever), sinusitis.
Manufacturer: NovartisConsumerHealth S.A., Switzerland.
CROMOHEXAL
Release form: dosed nasal spray 2%, bottles of 15 and 30 ml.
Active ingredient: cromoglycate disodium.
Therapeutic action: anti-allergic, antihistamine, blockade of the entry of calcium ions into the mast cell, prevention of its degranulation with the release of allergy and inflammation mediators.
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis.
Manufacturer: SalyutasPharmaGmbH, Germany.
Release form: Drops in a nose 0,01; 0.025 or 0.05% - 5 or 10 ml.
Therapeutic action: Vasoconstrictor, sympathomitic.
Indications: Acute rhinitis, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses; eustachitis; otitis media, allergic rhinitis.
Producer: Merck KGaA for "Nycomed", Germany/Austria.
Release form: Nasal spray 0.05% in bottles of 15 or 30 ml.
Active ingredient: Oxymetazoline hydrochloride.
Stimulates alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and narrows blood vessels at the application sites, reduces swelling of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.
Indications: Difficulty in nasal breathing with colds, inflammation of the sinuses, eustachitis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis.
Manufacturer: Instituto de Angeli (IDA) for Sagmel Inc., USA/Italy.
NAZONEX
Release form: Nasal spray 50 mcg/dose - 140 doses.
Active ingredient: Mometasone furoate.
Therapeutic action: Anti-inflammatory, anti-exudative, anti-allergic. Narrows blood vessels, stabilizes the structure of the vascular wall of cellular, including lysosomal membranes.
Indications: Allergic rhinitis (seasonal and year-round).
Manufacturer: Schering-PlauLabo N.V., Belgium.
NAPHTHIZIN
Release form: Nose drops 0.05%, 0.1% - 10 ml.
Active ingredient: naphthyzinum, boric acid.
Therapeutic action: Vasoconstrictor.
Producer: Russia, Novosibirsk.
DEZRINIT
Release form: spray
Active ingredient: mometasone furoate monohydrate;
Therapeutic action: antiallergic agent
Indications: - treatment of seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis in adults and children over 2 years of age;
Acute sinusitis or exacerbation of chronic sinusitis in adults (including the elderly) and children over 12 years of age - as an adjunct in antibiotic treatment;
Prevention of moderate and severe seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children over 12 years of age (recommended 4 weeks before the start of the dusting season);
Treatment of nasal polyposis in adults over 18 years of age.
Producer: Teva, Czech Enterprises.
Release form: nasal spray 0.05%, 0.1% - 10 ml.
Active ingredient: xylometazoline
Therapeutic action: Vasoconstrictor.
Indications: rhinitis, epistaxis, conjunctivitis.
Manufacturer: NorvatisConsumerHealth S.A. (Switzerland), Siba-Geigi (Switzerland).
Release form: nasal drops, cream, nasal spray
Active ingredient: Scots pine oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, thymol, guaizulene, alpha-tocopherol acetate.
Therapeutic action: antiseptic used in diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Indications: acute rhinitis, chronic atrophic rhinitis, acute and chronic diseases of the mucous membranes.
Manufacturer: Zentiva (Slovakia).
allergic rhinitis intranasal medicinal
1.2 Promising dosage forms for the treatment of rhinitis
Directions of symptomatic treatment of patients with rhinitis as a manifestation of acute respiratory infections.
The deterioration of the ecological situation, the increase in the number of respiratory viral infections and allergens contributes to the growth of rhinitis and sinusitis - inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. It is currently the leading pathology in otorhinolaryngology. Unsatisfactory results of treatment, the increasing proportion of chronic forms of diseases every year require the development of highly effective drugs for their early and accurate diagnosis and subsequent rational therapy.
The most common treatments for rhinitis are antihistamines, vasoconstrictors, and glucocorticoids. To influence the main cause of the disease - microorganisms and viruses, it is advisable to use antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory agents, including in combination with symptomatic ones. Promising phytopreparations that successfully combine high activity with a mild effect on the macroorganism.
The success of treatment depends not only on right choice medicinal substances, but also the dosage form, the route of its administration.
Enteral and parenteral administration is ineffective due to histohematic barriers that prevent the creation of the desired concentrations of the drug in the respiratory mucosa. Therefore, in clinical practice, the installation of aqueous and oily solutions of the drug into the nasal cavity is widely used. But nasal drops as a dosage form have not satisfied otorhinolaryngologists for a long time. Aqueous solutions of the drug only briefly contact the mucous membrane, sometimes "flooding" it, and quickly drain into the throat, causing an unpleasant sensation of bitterness in the mouth. They are used up to 5-6 times a day. When prescribing the drug to outpatients 3-4 times a day, only 60-70% of patients fully complied with the doctor's instructions, while with 1-2 times the appointment, the proportion of such patients increased to 80-90%. Therefore, it is more convenient to use prolonged-acting drugs that are administered no more than twice a day.
To solve the problem of uniform application of the drug on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and increase the effectiveness of treatment allows the use of the drug in the form of inhalations, aerosols.
A significant disadvantage of drops is the inability to accurately dose medicinal substances when they are used. The part of drugs that is absorbed and has a therapeutic effect cannot be counted. Solutions occupy a large volume, require the use of special packaging, dosing devices, and are inconvenient during transportation. In addition, solutions of many drugs are unstable: during storage and use, they change their concentration, therapeutic activity, and are easily exposed to microbial contamination.
However, multicomponent preparations are more rational, which include ingredients that act on the causative agent of infection, help eliminate inflammation and restore the function of the mucous membrane. Examples of such formulations are recommended for the treatment of acute infectious or allergic rhinitis spray "Polydex with phenylephrine" (manufacturer lab. Bouchard-Recordati, France).
Given the shortcomings associated with the short-term effect of aqueous solutions and side effects when swallowed, firms offer gels: Xylometazoline, Vibrocil, Fenistil, etc., which are used 1-3 times a day.
Assortment of nasal drops produced domestic industry, represented aqueous solutions naphthyzine and a solution of menthol in vaseline oil. In pharmacies, solutions of protargol, collargol, benzylpenicillin, ephedrine hydrochloride, mezaton, complex formulations are prepared, including furatsilin, soluble streptocide, sulfacyl sodium, diphenhydramine, ethacridinalactate, etc. in various combinations. A number of works by domestic scientists are devoted to the study of the compatibility and stability of extemporaneous nasal drops in order to transfer them to intra-pharmaceutical preparations and develop new original formulations.
Since the treatment of the inflammatory process requires the creation and maintenance of a constant concentration of drugs in a certain place (nasal cavity, maxillary and frontal sinuses) and minimizing its spread throughout the body, topical issue is the prolongation and deposition of the action of drugs.
The problem of prolongation in rhinology was tried to be solved by using oil solutions. However, the use of oils is undesirable due to the fact that vegetable oils inhibit the transport function of the ciliated epithelium, do not mix with mucus, and vaseline oil can cause the formation of paraffin and lipoid pneumonia. The oil base eliminates almost completely the transfer of certain medicinal substances to the mucous membrane.
CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF THE RANGE OF INTRANASAL DRUGS
For the study, the registry of intranasal drugs and the assortment of intranasal drugs of the pharmacy were studied. In the register for this moment registered intranasal preparations - 568; firms - 42.
There are 40 intranasal preparations in the pharmacy; firms-13. (Fig. 1).
Intranasal preparations are divided into: drops, sprays, ointments, aerosols. Based on this, they can be compared in terms of the release form.
Having counted the number of dosage forms, we saw (Fig. 2) that most of the intranasal drugs are sprays - 52%, drops - 20%, ointments - 15%, aerosols - 13%. (Fig. 2).
As we can see in the figure, the domestic manufacturer occupies 30%, which is 1/3 part, 2/3 foreign 68% (Fig. 3) .
We also analyzed this assortment of intranasal drugs by groups: vasoconstrictors; antihistamines; glucocorticosteroids; antiviral; immunomodulators.
In the figure (Fig. 4), you can see the following data: the most part is occupied by vasoconstrictor drugs, there are 18 of them, in second place are antihistamines - 6; in third place are antiviral and immunomodulators with 5 drugs each, there are 4 drugs for intranasal use containing glucocorticosteroids, and 2 drugs with antibiotics.
To conduct the study, the literature, the registry of intranasal drugs, the range of intranasal drugs in the pharmacy were studied, and the results were summed up: most of the intranasal drugs are sprays - 52%, most of which are occupied by a foreign manufacturer.
CONCLUSION
In this work, we studied the literature on intranasal drugs, based on this, we conducted comparative characteristic intranasal drugs pharmacy. As we found out, intranasal preparations are divided into: drops, sprays, ointments, aerosols. Based on this, we compared them according to the form of release: sprays - 52%, drops - 20%, ointments - 15%, aerosols -13%.
For the study, the registry of intranasal drugs and the assortment of intranasal drugs of the pharmacy were also studied. Intranasal preparations are currently registered in the registry - 568; firms - 42. There are 40 intranasal preparations in the pharmacy; firms-13.
These pharmacy drugs can also be compared by manufacturer.
The domestic manufacturer occupies 30%, which is 1/3 part, 2/3 foreign 68% (Germany, Italy, Hungary, France).
We also analyzed this range of intranasal preparations by groups: vasoconstrictor; antihistamines; glucocorticosteroids; antiviral; immunomodulators.
Most of them are vasoconstrictor drugs, there are 18 of them, in second place are antihistamines - 6; in third place are antiviral and immunomodulators with 5 drugs each, there are 4 drugs for intranasal use containing glucocorticosteroids, and 2 drugs with antibiotics.
Despite the wide availability and easy tolerability of such drugs, it is important to remember that intranasal is, like any other, a drug that should be used exclusively as directed by a doctor, in the prescribed dosage, frequency and duration of administration.
Having completed the tasks, the goal of the course work was achieved, the results of theoretical analysis and practical research can be used for the rational formation of the pharmacy assortment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Ber Yu.B., Nose and its functions // Farmateka. -2016. -No. 1.-S. 21.
2. Belogorodova S. What does intranasal mean? Reference. -2014,-№2.-S. 24-26.
3. Vishnevskaya T.I. Drugs used in chronic rhinitis// 2014. No. 2. - S. 42-46.
4. Rubchinskaya Yu.A. How can we protect ourselves from rhinitis. M.: Nauka, 2015. - 25c.
5. Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines: 16th ed. - M .: OOO "Izd. New wave": Publisher S.B. Divov, 2016.
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Pharmaceutical technology and classification of dosage forms; improvement of their compositions and methods of manufacture. Quality control of eye drops and lotions for injections, suspensions and emulsions for internal and external use.
term paper, added 10/26/2011
Anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the nose. Drops in the nose, their characteristics and requirements for their quality. OTC drugs for the symptomatic treatment of rhinitis. Extemporaneous nasal drops prescription, dose check.
3.3. Marketing Analysis pharmacy assortment.
In the process of selling medicines, pharmacy organizations pay attention to the analysis of the range of drugs sold, carried out periodically, taking into account factors such as: profitability; seasonality; availability of goods in stock; speed of sales; other factors.
When analyzing the assortment, the ABC analysis method is used, in which the aggregates of goods according to the selected criteria (usually two) are classified into three groups - A, B and C. This allows you to highlight priority areas and medicines in the assortment, which should be addressed. special attention of sales staff. Evaluation criteria can be varied and depend on the goal that the pharmacy sets for itself.
The criteria for the analysis of the assortment can be:
the volume of sales of medicines, the amount of profit from the sale and the cost of promoting these drugs;
pharmacotherapeutic group of the drug.
ABC analysis is one of the variants of mathematical and statistical methods of analysis used to study the frequency of certain economic phenomena and facts. Its synonyms are initial analysis, the 80/20 rule, and the Pareto principle. With this method, the existing population is classified or distributed according to selected criteria into three groups, namely A, B and C. This classification simultaneously shows the rank and allows you to highlight the main points that are especially important for targeted management activities. Typically, two criteria are used. They can be different:
on the one hand, the number of positions of medicines, pharmacies, suppliers, etc.;
on the other hand, turnover, inventory value, drug consumption, costs, income, etc.
The development of ABC analysis is its combination with XYZ analysis, based on the same principles as ABC analysis. This takes into account three criteria, one of which in most cases is determined in terms of time.
As an example, it is necessary to find out which pharmacotherapeutic group of drugs provides the largest sales volume or profit. Based on the results of applying the ABC analysis method:
10% of all items in the assortment (group A) provide 80% of the turnover;
15% of the assortment (group B) give 15% of the turnover;
the remaining 75% of the range is only 5% of the total turnover;
25% of the company's assortment (group A and B) provide 95% of the company's turnover.
Thus, those positions in the assortment (pharmacotherapeutic groups and dosage forms) are determined, on which the main work should be concentrated and which are the main ones in the training of sales personnel (in addition, companies use the results of this analysis when planning production, determining the procurement strategy and optimal stocks of pharmaceutical products in the warehouse).
VEN-analysis, carried out in parallel with the ABC-analysis, allows you to determine the priority groups of drugs in accordance with the division into vital (Vital, V), necessary (Essential, E) and minor (Non-essential, N).
Vital (V) - drugs that are necessary to save the patient's life (for example, thrombolytic agents), constantly necessary to maintain life (insulin, glucocorticosteroids), and drugs that, after stopping which, a withdrawal syndrome develops.
Essential drugs (E) are used to treat patients with less life-threatening diseases, minor (N) - for the treatment of non-life threatening diseases, with undetermined effectiveness and used for symptomatic treatment.
Effective product portfolio management enables a pharmaceutical organization to:
reduce the number of sales lost due to lack of necessary goods;
accelerate the turnover;
reduce surpluses of goods (optimize inventory);
reduce the risk of write-off of goods due to the expiration date;
minimize the total costs associated with inventory.
In terms of logistics, management inventory is a process of balancing between two mutually exclusive trends: reducing the total cost of maintaining stocks, and ensuring the availability of stocks sufficient for trouble-free implementation. At the same time, an increase in inventory in terms of quality and quantity is advisable as long as the economic effect exceeds the costs of maintaining additional stocks and diverting working capital.
To implement the assortment policy, it is necessary to constantly monitor inventory. It consists in counting the reserves available in a particular location, as well as in tracking the process of their increase or decrease. Accounting and analysis can be carried out manually or using computer technology. The main difference is in speed, accuracy and cost.
In order to implement the desired stock management policy, control procedures need to be developed. They must determine the frequency of checks, inventory levels, and comparison with inventory parameters, which in turn will affect the time and volume of reorders.
The development of the national pharmaceutical market shows that most pharmacies, unlike wholesale pharmaceutical companies, do not implement automated accounting and activity analysis systems due to their relatively high cost. information technologies and computer technology, as well as the lack of motivation among the management and staff of pharmacies to use information systems.
The matrix projection of ABC and XYZ analyzes is nothing more than an analog model that allows you to make strategic decisions regarding the market policy of an enterprise from the "as is" state to the "how to be" state. At the same time, there is a cyclic relationship between these parameters (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. Strategic decision-making model based on integrated ABC and XYZ analysis
The application of ABC-analysis is based on the assumption that a small part of the product range is a significant part of the turnover. When conducting this analysis, the goods sold by the company for the year (or other period) are distributed in order of decreasing their cost and the specific weight of the sale of each assortment position is calculated.
At the same time, class A can make up about 20% of the total number of assortment positions, which account for 80% of the turnover. Class B is almost 30% of medicines providing almost 10% of the volume goods sold. The remaining units of items with low turnover form class C. It makes up at least 10% of the turnover and 50% of the aggregate of analyzed positions. A graphical interpretation of the ABC analysis is shown in fig. 8. It should be noted that the indicated order of classification is not a dogma. Depending on the situation, you can leave other criteria (for example, for class A, they can be as follows - 8/80, 15/80, 10/70).
Rice. 8. Graphical interpretation of the ABC analysis of the product range
Another technique can be recommended for ABC analysis. The turnover of a pharmaceutical enterprise is divided by the total number of assortment positions of the sold goods, as a result of which an indicator of the average turnover per one position is obtained. After that, ranked commodity items, the amount of turnover of which is six times greater than average, are assigned to group A, less than six and more than two times - to group B, and less than two - to group C. The mathematical and graphical implementation of this technique is as follows:
where Cav- the average cost of one position of the ranked set of medicines;
The turnover of the analyzed population;
n- the number of assortment positions;
VA, VB and VC- classes A, B and C, respectively.
In parallel with the ABC analysis, it is necessary to carry out an XYZ analysis, the essence of which is the structuring of the consumption of pharmaceutical products by the factor of consumption stability and the possibility of its foresight. At the same time, the consumption of medicines from group X is almost stable, the variability is random (up to 20% monthly), the weekly predictability of consumption of a certain product is over 95%. Group Y is characterized by certain consumption trends (for example, seasonality) or instability (variability of consumption varies between 20 and 50% monthly), weekly consumption predictability is at least 70%. Demand in the Z group is stochastic, consumption volatility reaches more than 50% monthly, weekly predictability is less than 70%.
The matrix image of the integrated ABC and XYZ analysis is presented in the table. Based on its data, the most important for the purchase are the composite cells with the parameters AX, AY, AZ, BX, BY and CX, since the annual or other period needs of most of them can be foreseen with statistical certainty. At the same time, the field AZ is included as an exception, due to its high cost, although it is characterized by stochastic consumption.
Table 7
Matrix projection of the integrated ABC and XYZ analysis of the turnover of a pharmaceutical enterprise
| AX | AY | AZ |
| BX | BY | BZ |
| CX | CY | cz |
A similar integrated analysis should be carried out for stocks according to the inventory. Periodic comparison of the results of ABC and XYZ analysis of turnover and inventory will enable the pharmaceutical company to optimize inventory in an amount sufficient for efficient implementation, prevent excessive inventory and increase the risk of "freezing" working capital, as well as writing off goods due to the expiration date.
The use of two methods of analysis allows the formulary and therapeutic commissions of health facilities to obtain the necessary data to make a decision on the exclusion of certain drugs from the hospital formulary and supplement it with others, as well as information on the underuse or overuse of certain drugs.
The use of these methods is promising for both pharmacies and medical institutions, because:
1. ABC-analysis allows you to revise the structure of procurement of drugs at the expense of the budget in the direction of increasing the share of vital and necessary. It should be emphasized that such an analysis does not require significant financial costs and allows medical institution rational use of available funds.
2. The results of the ABC analysis can be used both to determine the strategy for purchasing drugs and to form their optimal stocks in the warehouse. For example, for a group of drugs with a high stable sales rate, a high forecast accuracy is possible, which eliminates the need for large stocks in the warehouse. For a group of drugs, the sales rate of which varies depending on the season, it is advisable to periodically build stocks.
3. Firms engaged in small wholesale and retail trade, or wholesale companies, focused on this group of customers, should have a fairly wide range. It should include all pharmaceutical groups of drugs. The range of the company, focused on medium and large wholesale, is much narrower, so it is necessary to pay more attention to obtaining favorable conditions (discounts, deferred payments, etc.) from suppliers.
Expanding the range entails an increase in costs and, consequently, a decrease in profits. Therefore, the use in practice of such a tool as ABC analysis will allow you to choose from the whole variety of drugs only those that are necessary for your customers.
After choosing the assortment structure, product distribution channels and making a decision on the choice of the target customer, the company faces the task of building a product distribution system with which it will be possible to effectively deliver goods to consumers. Hence,
there is a problem effective management commodity stocks. To manage inventory using logistics parameters, one method of ABC analysis is not enough.
Analysis of the speed of implementation of drugs.
In the pharmacy assortment, the share of goods with different sales speeds fluctuates:
Group I - goods with a high speed of sale make up 12-35% (average 22%);
Group II - with a moderate implementation rate - 25-45%;
Group III - with a low and unpredictable implementation rate - 40%.
Group III goods will be sold only partially, and the remaining part must be paid for by the pharmacy's own reserves, if any. In the absence of financial reserves, payment for the unsold mass of goods becomes impossible, which can lead to an increase in debt and refusals from suppliers in the subsequent interest-free commodity credit. The lower efficiency of the pharmacy when selling goods purchased on a loan does not require special evidence. However, even when purchasing goods only on a prepaid basis, the pharmacy may not provide high efficiency use of own working capital.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider alternative technologies for the formation of inventories and management of the pharmacy assortment, which would provide a more cost-effective operation of the enterprise.
Many managers of pharmacies, especially municipal ones, explain their commitment to the formation of a pharmacy assortment on the terms of deferred payments by the deficit of their own working capital, which in some cases encourages them to resort to obtaining a bank loan in addition to a commodity loan, and this further complicates financial position enterprises.
The other side of the problem lies in understanding the deficit of own working capital. It is necessary to note the absoluteness and relativity of this concept.
Any organization can constantly refer to the lack of funds. The needs of the enterprise, as well as the needs of the individual, always outstrip its capabilities. If today the pharmacy has no debt to creditors, then it may experience a shortage of funds for the technical re-equipment of the enterprise (purchase new technology for the production department, office equipment for automated accounting, financial analysis economic activity, automated accounting for the movement of goods within the pharmacy, etc.) or further expansion of the range, services, etc.
This is the absoluteness of the concept of “deficit of working capital”. It is obvious that the economic entities of the market, just like people, lived, live and will always live in conditions of objectively limited opportunities, including financial ones. The absolute limitation (insufficiency) of resources for the simultaneous satisfaction of all the needs of the enterprise is constantly noted. At the same time, any enterprise also has certain opportunities, some greater, others less, allowing them to release or find funds (including on credit terms) for certain production, technological programs. It is important to make their involvement cost-effective and to obtain the greatest economic effect when using them. With limited financial resources especially acute is the problem of their effective use. Therefore, the concept and essence of the deficit of own working capital are relative, since resources may be sufficient to solve certain problems.
The main activity that generates income for a pharmacy is to provide the population and medical institutions with goods of a pharmacy assortment of their own manufacture or finished products. Due to the full satisfaction of the demand of the population and medical institutions with the pharmacy assortment, the social function of the pharmacy is realized, and making a profit that covers all costs and ensures its development (survivability) is a commercial task.
It is possible to single out the main components of the financial success of the pharmacy business:
Efficient use of own and borrowed working capital and increasing their turnover;
Increasing trade overlays while maintaining competitive prices;
Reducing the costs of the enterprise.
The revenue part of the pharmacy budget is almost entirely associated with the effective use of funds for the formation of a pharmacy assortment, inventory and the sale of goods.
On the other hand, minimizing the cost of maintaining inventory, eliminating defects, increasing turnover and profitability of funds spent are the basis for the successful operation of a pharmacy enterprise.
It is impossible to significantly increase the turnover of funds invested in the entire commodity mass of the pharmacy. However, it is possible to increase the turnover of funds invested in fast-selling goods, while reasonably reducing inventory. At the same time, it is impossible to speed up the turnover of funds when selling pharmacy assortment items sold in the amount of 1–3 packs per month. But this does not mean that they should not be included in the assortment, since the sale of even one package of expensive drugs can significantly affect the turnover and profit of a pharmacy.
For the effective use of own and borrowed working capital, a differentiated approach to the management of the pharmacy assortment and the rationing of commodity stocks is required, as well as a clear understanding of what product or service they are invested in and what return they give. Why is it necessary to structure the pharmacy assortment, and invest in those of its names that provide the greatest benefit.
Structuring of the pharmacy assortment.
ABC-analysis allows each pharmacy organization to identify the names of goods, on the sale of which the turnover is most dependent and, accordingly gross profit. So, on the example of the activities of 14 pharmacies in Kursk and Belgorod, it was found that 23% of the total number of items account for 75% of the turnover, but if this mass is divided into 3 equal parts according to the impact on the turnover, then the first 23% of the turnover (group A1 ) provide 1.5–2% of the pharmacy assortment, the second 25% of the turnover already provides 6–8% and the third - 15–18% of the pharmacy assortment (NAA).
Group B, which also consists of 23% NAA, provides 15% of the turnover, and group C, which includes up to 50% NAA, only 10% of the turnover.
Thus, it is necessary to single out the names of the pharmacy assortment that have the greatest impact on the turnover. The attention of managers should be directed to the effective maintenance, first of all, of the names of groups A1, A2 and A3, since their absence can significantly affect the turnover, gross profit and final indicators of financial and economic activity.
ABC-analysis also allows a differentiated approach to pricing, since the gross profit and financial success of a pharmacy largely depend on trade overlays for group A drugs. A reduction in marketing overlays for Group A drugs would result in a significant reduction in gross margins.
Among the drugs of group A have:
The speed of implementation is high - 25-30%;
Moderate - 40-50%;
Slow and unpredictable - 25-35%.
In group B, only 2% of items have a high and 30-40% moderate speed of implementation.
For group C, high and moderate sales rates are typical for 2–3% and 15–25% of NAA, respectively, and the vast majority of goods (75%) have a slow and unpredictable sales rate.
The efficiency of the use of working capital (EIOS) also depends on the amount of inventory for individual items, since an increase in inventory leads to an increase in funds excluded from circulation, and a decrease in inventory naturally increases their turnover and contributes to the savings of funds invested in them.
Data on the influence of the structure of the NAA on the turnover and their speed of implementation can contribute to the targeted and efficient use of own and borrowed working capital.
* Prices are taken according to the Protek price list. Let's analyze the assortment using the example of five positions from the assortment that have different prices, share in turnover, different sales speeds, elasticity of demand and, therefore, marketing potential:
But - shpa;
Mezim forte;
Suprastin.
Which of these positions can give a greater return on investment and what possible losses will the pharmacy have in the event of a temporary or long-term absence of them in the assortment?
Under the formula for the formation of commodity stocks, we understand how many days the stock is formed and with what reserve. For example, with the formula 2 + 1 or 3 + 1, stocks are formed for 3 and 4 days, with a reserve for one day and with replenishment of stocks every 2 or 3 days.
To assess the possible (estimated) financial result From the investment of working capital, the coefficient of efficiency in the use of working capital (Keios) can be used, which is calculated by dividing the gross profit received from the sale of specific items to the amount of working capital attracted for its purchase (the cost of inventories).
Consider on specific example.
No-shpa - the share in the turnover is 1.2%, i.e., according to the impact on the turnover, it belongs to the A1 group; implementation speed - 0.18 (sold at a moderate speed - more than one package per week). At the same time, this name may be sold in quantities of one to three packs per day, and then may be unclaimed for one to two weeks or more. This name should be characterized as a name with a highly predictable demand (having a high elasticity of demand). Considering a significant share in the sales volume, the absence of this drug can significantly affect the turnover of the pharmacy, so it is advisable to form the stock according to the formula 6 + 6, i.e. 0.18 packs / day 6 days = 1.08 packs.
The stock should be at least two packs to minimize rejections and loss of sales. Based on the sales speed (0.18 packs/day), we can expect that the pharmacy will sell 5.4 packs per month on average. Mezim forte (tb. No. 20) - the share in the turnover is 0.61%, the speed of implementation is 7.54 packs / day. Thus, the drug mezim forte is included in group A1 in terms of its effect on turnover and belongs to group I in terms of sales speed, has a stable high demand(low elasticity of demand). When forming inventory, you can use the formula 2 + 1 or 3 + 1, then 662 rubles will be required to purchase mezim forte for 3 days. With a markup of 25% from the sale of each package, the pharmacy will receive a gross profit of 7.31 rubles, and for the month - 1654 rubles. (7.54 pack x 30 days x 7.31 rubles).
In this case, Kaios will be 2.49 (1653: 662 rubles). On the example of mezim forte, we will present the efficiency of the use of working capital, depending on the formula for the formation of reserves.
When inventory is formed according to the 3 + 1 formula, this coefficient will be lower, since 882 rubles will already be required to purchase the drug for 4 days, and the gross profit will remain the same. When dividing the gross profit from the sale of mezim forte per month - 1653 rubles. for the initially attracted amount - we get a coefficient of 1.87 (1653: 882). It will be even lower when inventory is formed according to the formulas 7 + 1 and 14 + 2 (1764 rubles - the amount needed to purchase the drug for 8 days (7 days plus a reserve stock for one day), Keios = 1653: 1764 = 0, 94. When inventory is formed for 2 weeks and plus a reserve stock for 2 days, the gross profit remains the same, but 3528 rubles will be required for the purchase, and Kaios with this formula will be equal to 0.47, i.e., half as much as with the formula 7 + 1, and, respectively, 4 and 5.3 times lower than with the formulas 3 + 1 and 2 + 1. It follows that the reduction in stocks can significantly reduce the funds spent on the formation of the commodity mass, and significantly increase the efficiency use of working capital.
Enap - the share in the turnover is 0.04%, the sales speed is 1.93, therefore, in terms of the impact on the turnover, the drug belongs to group A3, and in terms of sales speed - to group I ( high speed implementation).
Cases of defect formation
Let's try to calculate the lost turnover and profit in cases of defects in the analyzed positions. It has been established that from the moment the defect is discovered to the moment the goods are received and delivered to the sales department, on average, it takes about a day. Therefore, we calculate the losses associated with defects by multiplying the number of packages sold per day by their price. If an item sells less than one pack per day, we consider that the loss is due to the failure of only one pack. If, due to absence, we refused the buyer to purchase one package of the six super-system, then, accordingly, we lost 2419 rubles. in trade and 484 rubles. in profit (with a 25% margin).
If there is a defect in Mezim Forte preparations, it is possible to close it within a day; in this case, the turnover may be lost, respectively, in the amount of 276; 17
Thus, losses in turnover and profits associated with failures are not comparable when selling these drugs. If we also calculate the operating costs associated with the acceptance of goods, pricing operations, accounting in accounting entries, placement of goods and their release, then the advantages of selling these drugs are obvious.
However, when attributing the profit received to the initially spent funds, the advantages of fast-selling goods are obvious. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the defect-free sale of expensive pharmaceutical products, but with a shortage of working capital, it is desirable to receive them in the form of a commodity loan for a period close to the average sales speed.
The use for assessing the possible financial result from investing in a certain group or a separate name of goods from the Kenos pharmacy assortment, which largely depends on the speed of implementation and, in this regard, on the formula for the formation of inventory and with a markup on the goods, allows us to give some recommendations on the formation pharmacy inventory. It should be considered inappropriate to order goods to a wholesaler:
All on the terms of a trade credit or all on the terms of an advance payment;
For the same period (3, 7, 14 days, etc.)
Receipt of goods on the terms of a commodity loan makes the pharmacy dependent on creditors. The purchase of all goods on a prepaid basis does not allow you to get the greatest return on invested funds, to ensure their highest turnover.
It is necessary to order and receive goods from the supplier in a differentiated way: fast-selling items - for 2, 3, 4 days, replenishing stocks daily, every other day or every 3 days.
It is advisable to order a product that has a moderate sales speed (group II) according to the formula 7 + 1 (7 + 2), i.e., order initially for 8–9 days, replenishing them weekly. Slowly sold goods, as well as sold unpredictably (group III) should be ordered for 2-4 weeks. When moving to such technologies, it is necessary to change the stereotypes of working with suppliers, which requires separate consideration.
Thus, the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of working capital invested in various NAAs indicates significant differences in the final results. The pharmacy can get the highest return on investment from fast-selling goods if inventory is reduced to 2-3 days and the maximum possible sales overlays. When selling items that have a significant impact on turnover, but have unpredictable demand (high elasticity), the return on investment is much less than that obtained from fast-selling items.
Pharmacy assortment analysis
The formation of the assortment is one of the most important and difficult tasks facing every pharmacy enterprise. A properly selected assortment does not solve everything, but almost everything - it most fully satisfies consumer demand, minimizes lost profits, and inclines a buyer who comes for any particular drug to unplanned purchases. If large pharmacy chains can maintain their own marketing departments, analyze the market, take risks on the purchase of “not promoted” brands, then individual pharmacies form an assortment guided by the analysis own sales, defects, proposals from medical representatives and, finally, a recent television advertising campaign.
The assortment should include 1-1.5 thousand items of bestsellers. In fact, the range should be much wider. As experience shows, if the number of trade names in a pharmacy starts to fall below 2-2.5 thousand items, then problems begin in the organization. Of course, the assortment constantly fluctuates under the influence of seasonal factors, advertising and general market competition. The main criterion in the formation of the range, no matter how prosaic it may sound, is profit. Pharmacy is also trade Organization, one of the functions of which is the turnover and income generation. According to some reports, pharmacies lose from 5 to 10% of their profits due to the fact that they do not support their assortment well. It must be said that in each individual case, the pharmacy must individually decide which product will be more in demand here.
One of the tools that is designed to help systematize and optimize inventory management is ABC analysis.
In essence, the ABC analysis of the pharmacy assortment is an analysis of the contribution of individual items to the turnover, and on this basis the differentiation of goods into groups: the contribution of group A - to the turnover forms 75%, group B - 15% and group C -10%.
Thus, it is necessary to single out the names of the pharmacy range, to the greatest extent, affecting the turnover and, accordingly, gross profit.
As a result of the ABC analysis of 7 pharmacies of Saf LLC, the dependence of turnover on the number of certain items of the pharmacy assortment was established (table 3.13).
Table 3.13
The number of items that form the ABC of the pharmacy assortment group in absolute and percentage terms
|
Total number of titles |
(75% of turnover) |
(15% of turnover) |
(10% of turnover) |
||||
|
number of titles |
number of titles |
% to the total number of items |
number of titles |
% to the total number of items |
|||
|
Mean |
Attention is drawn to the large differences in the number of items in the pharmacy assortment, which form group A and especially B and C. Thus, group A is provided by the sale of an average of 1248 items (this number in various pharmacies ranges from 947 to 1587), which is 26.58% of the total number of items in the pharmacy assortment. The next 15% of the turnover (group B) and 10% of the turnover (group C) are formed by 23.81% and 49.56%, respectively. The contrast is obvious - group A is provided with a little more than ¼ of the product range, group B is also formed by almost ¼ of the assortment, and group C, which makes up only 10% of the turnover, is provided by half of the pharmacy assortment.
Comparative analysis selected 20 items from group A in general for Saf LLC, was carried out on the basis of 7 pharmacies (Appendix 8). From Appendix No. 7 it can be seen that the influence of the selected names of the pharmacy assortment on the formation of turnover in the pharmacies of Saf LLC is different.
The analysis of the pharmacy assortment emphasizes that the formation of a product range is an individual process for each organization and is determined by many factors, for example, the location of pharmacies. Thus, Pharmacy 17A/1 is located in the complex, which built a cardboard and paper mill for its employees. Due to the fact that the complex is new, the age group is diverse, but mostly they are middle-class people, as a result, the 17A/1 pharmacy has a wide range of products. In the management of the pharmacy assortment and, especially, commodity stocks, information about the speed of implementation of individual items in a given pharmacy is of great importance. This information is basic in inventory management.
To reflect the implementation rate, the implementation rate coefficient is used according to the formula:
O H and O To- the balance of goods at the beginning and end of the analyzed inter-inventory period;
With P- the number of units of goods written off for a given period;
P- the number of units of goods received during the analyzed period;
D- inter-inventory period in days.
We divide the pharmacy assortment according to the speed of implementation into 4 groups:
Group I - items sold at a rate of 1 package or more per day for 100 thousand rubles. turnover, that is, in high demand;
Group II is a product sold from 0.14 to 1 pack per day per 100 thousand rubles. turnover, that is, in moderate demand;
Group III - the product is characterized by low demand and is sold at a rate of 0.07 to 0.14 packs per day.
Group IV - items with unpredictable demand, the sale of which may be less than 0.07 per day.
In this paper, we analyzed the speed of implementation for the entire range, by positions, depending on their cost and the impact of individual items on the turnover.
Items in high demand, according to 7 pharmacies with different turnover, account for only 9.92% of the total number of items, with moderate demand - 27.34%, with low and unpredictable - 13.31% and 49.43%, respectively.
The high proportion (almost half) of items with unpredictable demand attracts attention.
Figure 3.4.
Table 3.14.
|
Total number of titles |
Turnover (thousand rubles) |
III group |
||||||||
|
number of titles |
number of titles |
of the total number of items |
number of titles |
of the total number of items |
number of titles |
of the total number of items |
||||
|
Mean |
However, in pharmacies with a large turnover, the number of items with high and increased demand is greater than in pharmacies with a low turnover (Figure 3.5.). For example, in pharmacies 17A / 1 and 49/15, the turnover of which is 1391.43 thousand rubles. and 1380.67 thousand rubles. accordingly, goods with a fast and moderate speed of sale (groups I and II) total 51.85% and 51.52%. The situation of pharmacies on 15/15 and 43/11 is interesting: having a turnover of 616.2 thousand rubles. with an assortment of 4577 items, pharmacy 15/15 has a share of slowly sold goods of 78.78%, while pharmacy 43/11 with a turnover of 840.20 thousand rubles. and an assortment of 4518 items has a share of slowly sold goods by 15.37% less (63.41%). In the ABC analysis, group A, which forms 75% of the turnover, is 28.74% for the 15/15 pharmacy, and 23.59% for the 43/15 pharmacy. Having such a positive factor as the presence of a more advantageous, but not overpriced assortment, the 15/15 pharmacy has a large share of slowly sold goods, therefore, we can conclude that in the 15/15 pharmacy a number of negative factors affect the turnover, such as inflated prices for goods , low quality of service, etc.
Figure 3.5.
The speed of implementation is a variable value and is determined by many factors, among which the most important are: the location of the pharmacy, turnover, demand, pricing policy, seasonality, services, advertising.
All these factors can sometimes determine significant differences in the sale of individual items in different pharmacies.
It should be recognized that the speed of implementation is an integrative indicator that combines demand, purchasing power, physician preferences, pharmacist and consumer preferences for prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
Thus, complex analysis pharmacy assortment in terms of the influence of individual items on turnover, in terms of sales speed and marketing potential, allows you to effectively manage the pharmacy assortment, inventory, and more successfully use your own working capital.
So, carried out on the basis of accounting data, the analysis of the retail turnover of Saf LLC allows us to draw the following conclusions:
the retail turnover of the organization is increasing from year to year, the growth rate is stable, high;
the increase in trade turnover was mainly achieved through the efficient use of all types of resources.
At the same time, Saf LLC, with a constantly increasing turnover, did not use all the opportunities for its growth. The development of trade was influenced by the unsatisfactory organization of work in terms of:
1) seasonality is taken into account to a small extent; 2) the fight against overestimated commodity stocks is poorly conducted; 3) expiration dates are poorly tracked, as evidenced by the increasing markdown of goods; 4) not all structural divisions have debugged work with the pharmacy assortment.
Kulik V.V. 1 , Kovaleva T.G. 2 , Emanova A.M. 3 , Kleychuk E.V. 4, Ivchenko O.G. 5
1 ORCID: 0000-0003-1829-4003, PhD,
2 ORCID: 0000-0003-3507-8409, PhD,
3 ORCID: 0000-0001-5919-5453, PhD,
4 ORCID: 0000-0002-1618-4196, 5 ORCID: 0000-0002-2793-9697 PhD,
Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - a branch of the Volg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
MARKETING RESEARCH OF THE RANGE OF OTC ANTACID DRUGS IN PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS
annotation
Comparative marketing research groups of antacid OTC drugs in two pharmacy organizations. The main marketing parameters of this market sector have been established: the list and structure of the segment of antacid drugs by dosage forms, manufacturing countries, pharmaceutical distributors, sources of origin, belonging to the Vital and Essential Drugs list. An analysis of the drugs in this group was carried out in terms of cost, amount and level of income received by pharmacies.
Keywords: acid-dependent diseases, antacids, OTC, pharmacy organization, marketing research.
Kulik V. V. 1 , Kovaleva T. G. 2 , Emanova A. M. 3 , Kleichyuk E. V. 4 , Ivchenko O. G. 5
1 ORCID: 0000-0003-1829-4003, PhD in Pharmaceutics, 2 ORCID: 0000-0003-3507-8409, PhD in Pharmaceutics,
3 ORCID: 0000-0001-5919-5453, PhD in Pharmaceutics,
4 ORCID: 0000-0002-1618-4196, 5 ORCID: 0000-0002-2793-9697, PhD in Pharmaceutics,
Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute –a Branch of FSBEI VolgSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia,
MARKETING RESEARCH OF ASSORTMENT OF ANTACID MEDICINES OF OVER-THE-COUNTER LEAVE IN PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract
Comparative marketing researches of the group of antacid medicines of over-the-counter leave in two pharmacy organizations were conducted. The main marketing parameters of this sector of the market are established: List and structure of antacid medicinal products segment for medicinal forms, manufacturing countries, pharmaceutical distributors, sources of origin as well as the list of vital and essential drugs. The analysis of drugs of this group was carried out according to the cost, amount and level of income received by pharmacies.
keywords: acid-dependent diseases, antacid medicines, over-the-counter leave, pharmacy organization, marketing research.
In the Russian Federation, as in many countries of the world, the pathology of the digestive system occupies one of the leading positions (3rd place) in the structure of the general morbidity of the population, second only to cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
The most common acid-dependent diseases are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic gastritis (CG), gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU), and chronic pancreatitis (CP). In addition, pathologies during which the acid factor supports the course of the disease (NSAID-gastropathy, an ulcer in hyperthyroidism, reflux gastritis, intestinal disorders in patients with hyperproduction of hydrochloric acid (constipation, diarrhea, unstable stools) can be attributed to acid-dependent pathologies). caused a high rate of patients seeking qualified help not only in medical, but also in pharmacy organizations.
In the treatment of acid-dependent diseases, an effective counteraction to the acid factor is currently playing an important role. In the complex therapy of YABZH and CG, antacid drugs are widely used, since they are able to neutralize hydrochloric acid, adsorb pepsin, inhibit the retrodiffusion of water-soluble ions, and stop spasms,,.
According to previous studies, the domestic pharmaceutical market has more than 40 international generic names of drugs (or about 230 trade names) that are used to treat GU and CP.
Traditionally, all antacids are divided into absorbable and non-absorbable. The most preferred today are non-absorbable antacids (maalox, phosphalugel, almagel, etc.).
Non-absorbable antacids have the potential to exhibit certain side effects. So, aluminum preparations cause a slowdown in intestinal motility, and magnesium - acceleration. Therefore, modern antacid preparations often contain a balanced combination of magnesium and aluminum salts. Modern antacid preparations are characterized not only by their above-mentioned properties, but also by the ability to adsorb bile acids, lysolecithin; high buffering properties, fast onset and long duration of action, good organoleptic properties with minimal possibility of any side effects, no gas formation. In addition, almost all of them have a cytoprotective effect, and also stimulate the processes of cellular regeneration,.
Very often, antacid drugs are used in combination with H2-blockers, M-anticholinergics or proton pump blockers.
Due to their cytoprotective action by increasing the synthesis of prostaglandins and stimulating the protective properties of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, these drugs have a beneficial effect on the healing of ulcers and erosions.
Thus, medical practice notes the high effectiveness of antacids in the treatment of acid-related diseases. In modern clinical practice, with the availability of powerful antisecretory drugs, such as proton pump blockers, antacids have not lost their value. This is due to the fact that modern antacids have a protective effect. Therefore, antacids will take an increasing place in the treatment and prevention of peptic lesions of the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Table 1 - Data on the activities of pharmacy organizations
| Indicators | Pharmacy №1 | Pharmacy №2 |
| Type of property | private | private |
| Region | Moscow | Karachay-Cherkess Republic |
| Location | city | city |
| Area, m2 | 93,0 | 46,0 |
| Range | universal | universal |
| Number commodity items, units | 8023 | 4176 |
| Service Format | closed | closed |
| Method of accounting for the movement of goods | Automated based on barcode | |
| Production functions | missing | missing |
| Workload: - average daily income – average number of checks per day Average purchase price |
115 thousand rubles |
50 thousand rubles |
Considering the above facts and the urgency of the problem of improving drug supply for patients with acid-dependent diseases, we conducted marketing research on the range of OTC antacid drugs in two pharmacy organizations. In order to maintain confidentiality in our work, pharmacies are conditionally given the names "Pharmacy No. 1" and "Pharmacy No. 2". a brief description of studied pharmacy organizations is presented in table. one.
As follows from the data presented, the pharmacies on the basis of which the studies were conducted have much in common: type of ownership, functions performed, service format, method of accounting for goods, etc. At the same time, there are significant differences in the activities of pharmacies (on a territorial basis, volume of work, number of commodity items, average purchase price).
We carried out a comparative analysis of the range of OTC antacid drugs in the described pharmacy organizations. Data collection was carried out on the basis of indicators of automated accounting of goods.
It was established that in the assortment of Pharmacy No. 1 there are 33 names of antacid drugs that are allowed to be dispensed without a prescription. medical worker. Their complete list is contained in Table. 2.
This series of drugs was analyzed for belonging to the list of vital and essential drugs for medical use(PZHNVLP), approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that none of the drugs present in the pharmacy is vital or essential.
Analysis of the presented assortment showed that the vast majority of drugs in it are of synthetic origin (magnesium, aluminum, sodium bicarbonate, etc., in total 31 items, or about 94.0% of their total number). The exception is the complex preparations vikair and relzer. They contain components of both vegetable and synthetic origin.
Table 2 - List of OTC antacid drugs in Pharmacy No. 1
| № | Name | Dosage form | Producing country |
| 1 | Almagel 170ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 2 | Almagel A 170ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 3 | Almagel Neo 170ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 4 | Vikair | pills | Russia |
| 5 | Gastal tab. №30 | pills | Croatia |
| 6 | Gastal tab. №60 | pills | Croatia |
| 7 | Gastal tab. for resorption cherry №24 | pills | Croatia |
| 8 | Gastal tab. for resorption cherry №48 | pills | Croatia |
| 9 | Gastal tab. for sucking mint №24 | pills | Croatia |
| 10 | Gastal tab. for sucking mint №48 | pills | Croatia |
| 11 | Gastracid №12 | pills | Netherlands |
| 12 | Gaviscon tab. zhev. mint №16 | pills | UK |
| 13 | Gaviscon tab. zhev. mint №32 | pills | UK |
| 14 | Gaviscon 150ml | suspension | UK |
| 15 | Gaviscon 300ml | suspension | UK |
| 16 | Gaviscon forte mint 10ml №20 | suspension | UK |
| 17 | Gaviscon forte mint 150ml | suspension | UK |
| 18 | Rennie tab. zhev. with orange №12 | pills | France |
| 19 | Rennie tab. zhev. with orange №24 | pills | France |
| 20 | Rennie tab.zhev. without sugar mint №12 | pills | France |
| 21 | pills | France | |
| 22 | pills | France | |
| 23 | Rennie tab. zhev. menthol №12 | pills | France |
| 24 | Rennie tab. zhev. menthol №24 | pills | France |
| 25 | Relzer 180ml | suspension | India |
| 26 | Relzer №20 | pills | India |
| 27 | Maalox 15ml №30 | suspension | Italy |
| 28 | Maalox 250ml | suspension | Italy |
| 29 | Maalox mini 4.3ml №6 | suspension | Italy |
| 30 | Maalox tab. zhev. #20 | pills | Italy |
| 31 | Phosphalugel 16g №20 | suspension | Netherlands |
| 32 | Rutacid tab. zhev. 500mg #20 | pills | Slovenia |
| 33 | Rutacid tab. zhev. 500mg #60 | pills | France |
Vikair contains: calamus rhizomes, alder buckthorn bark, bismuth subnitrate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and relzer contains aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone and licorice root powder.
The assortment of analyzed drugs of Pharmacy No. 2 (Table 3) is significantly narrower in comparison with the assortment of Pharmacy No. 1 (20 items versus 33). As in Pharmacy No. 1, the main share falls on drugs obtained synthetically - 19 items, or 95%. Not a single drug was included in the Vital and Essential Drug List.
Table 3 - List of antacid drugs available in the assortment of Pharmacy No. 2
| № | Name | Dosage form | Producing country |
| 1 | Almagel 170 ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 2 | Almagel A 170 ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 3 | Almagel Neo 170 ml | suspension | Bulgaria |
| 4 | Rennie Zhev. tab. with menthol №12 | pills | France |
| 5 | Rennie Zhev. tab. with menthol №24 | pills | France |
| 6 | Rennie Zhev. tab. without sugar with mint №12 | pills | France |
| 7 | Rennie Zhev. tab. without sugar with mint №24 | pills | France |
| 8 | Rennie Zhev. tab. with orange №12 | pills | France |
| 9 | Rennie Zhev. tab. with orange №24 | pills | France |
| 10 | Maalox tab. zhev. #20 | pills | Italy |
| 11 | Maalox 250 ml | suspension | Italy |
| 12 | Gaviscon tab. zhev. mint №16 | pills | United Kingdom |
| 13 | Gaviscon tab. zhev. mint №32 | pills | United Kingdom |
| 14 | Gaviscon 150 ml | suspension | United Kingdom |
| 15 | Gastal №30 | pills | Croatia |
| 16 | Gastal №60 | pills | Croatia |
| 17 | Gastal mint №24 | pills | Croatia |
| 18 | Gastracid №12 | pills | Netherlands |
| 19 | Phosphalugel 16g №20 | suspension | Netherlands |
| 20 | Vikair №10 | pills | Russia |
Rice. 1 - Analysis of the ratio of dosage forms of antacid drugs in pharmacies (share, %)
As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that antacid drugs in solid dosage form in the form of tablets (chewable, for sucking) prevail in both pharmacies. In Pharmacy No. 1, the share of tablets was 64.0% of the number of analyzed items, in Pharmacy No. 2, the value of this indicator was 70%.
The analysis showed that foreign-made antacid drugs are supplied mainly from European countries (Fig. 2). The geography of manufacturers is more widely represented in Pharmacy No. 1 (9 manufacturing countries), Pharmacy No. 2 has drugs manufactured by pharmaceutical industry enterprises of 7 countries.
The vast majority of drugs are produced in France, the second place is shared by the UK and Croatia.
In both pharmacy organizations, the share Russian manufacturer is insignificant, in the list the domestic manufacturer occupies the last place - no more than 5% (Fig. 2). This indicates a high import dependence in the studied segment of the pharmaceutical market.
Rice. 2 - Analysis of investigational antacid medicinal products in pharmacies by geographical location (share, %)
At the next stage, the structure of supplies and the main suppliers of antacids to pharmacy organizations were analyzed.
Goods are delivered to Pharmacy No. 1 daily. A special computer program displays the price lists of suppliers and allows you to place an order, focusing on the best prices. Antacids are supplied to the pharmacy by seven pharmaceutical distributors: CJSC SCS Alliance; LLC FC "Pulse"; CJSC "Rosta"; CV "Protek"; FC LLC "Oriola"; ZAO ProfitMed; CJSC "Aral Plus" (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3 - Analysis of pharmaceutical distributors - suppliers of antacids to Pharmacy No. 1 (share, %)
The data presented in Fig. 3 indicate that the largest share in the supply of antacids to Pharmacy No. 1 is occupied by the supplier of FC "Pulse" - 32.0% (11 items); the share of the supplier of FK Oriola LLC was 18.0% (6 items), the share of CJSC Rosta was 16.5% (5 items), the share of CV Protek was 15.8%.
Delivery of OTC antacid drugs to Pharmacy No. 2 is carried out by four suppliers: the national distributor Katren (share of supply - 59.5%); regional distributors LLC Yug-Pharm (share - 34.24%) and LLC Medchesta-M (share - 3.8%); LLC Donskoy Hospital (share - 2.46%) (Fig. 4). Goods are delivered to the pharmacy every day except Sunday.
Rice. 4 - Analysis of pharmaceutical distributors - suppliers of antacids to Pharmacy No. 2 (share, %)
A pharmacy organization that carries out financial and economic activities in a market environment must be competitive and profitable. The range of goods and their price, along with the quality of services provided, are the main methods of conducting competition in the pharmaceutical market, which is explained by the limited solvency of the population.
The economic efficiency of a pharmacy organization depends on the volume of turnover and the size of the trade margin used in the formation of retail prices for medicines and other pharmaceutical products.
Using the method of content analysis of incoming invoices and indicators of automated accounting for the movement of goods, we collected information on the cost of antacid drugs (Table 4).
Table 4 - Comparative analysis of the cost and income from the sale of antacid drugs in pharmacy organizations
| № | Name of medicinal product | Pharmacy | Pharmacy |
| % TH | % TH | ||
| 1. Up to 100 rubles. | |||
| 1 | Vikair tab. №10 | 21,90% | 22,85% |
| 2 | Gastracid tab. zhev.№12 | 21,88% | 23,00% |
| 3 | Geviskontab.zhev. mint №16 | 20,00% | 20,84% |
| 4 | Rennie tab.zhev. menthol №12 | 18,70% | 19,15% |
| 5 | Maalox Susp. mini 4.3 ml №6 | 18,70% | – |
| 6 | Rutacid tab.zhev.№20 | 18,70% | – |
| 7 | Almagel Susp.170ml | – | 21,12% |
| 2. Over 100 to 200 rubles. | |||
| 1 | Almagel Susp.170ml | 20,40% | – |
| 2 | Almagel A suspension 170ml | 20,70% | 21,00% |
| 3 | Almagel Neo suspension 170ml | 18,70% | 19,00% |
| 4 | Gastal tab. №30 | 21,60% | 20,20% |
| 5 | Gastal tab. for ras.cherry #24 | 18,70% | – |
| 6 | Gastal tab. for race mint #24 | 18,70% | 19,70% |
| 7 | Gaviscon Susp. 150ml | 18,70% | 19,50% |
| 8 | Gaviscon tab.zhev. mint №32 | 27,27% | 26,21% |
| 9 | Rennie tab.zhev. orange №12 | 18,70% | 19,38% |
| 10 | Rennie tab.zhev. orange №24 | 18,70% | 19,34% |
| 11 | Rennie tab. zhev. without sugar mint №12 | 18,70% | 19,10% |
| 12 | Rennie tab. zhev. without sugar mint №24 | 18,70% | 19,00% |
| 13 | Rennie tab. zhev. menthol №24 | 18,70% | 19,00% |
| 14 | Relzer tab. №20 | 19,00% | – |
| 15 | Maalox tab.zhev. #20 | 26,00% | 26,62% |
| 16 | Rutacid tab.zhev.№60 | 19,00% | – |
| Ex 3. Over 200 to 400 rubles. | |||
| 1 | Gastal tab. #60 | 18,85% | 19,10% |
| 2 | Gastal tab. for ras.cherry #48 | 18,70% | – |
| 3 | Gastal tab. for race mint #48 | 18,70% | – |
| 4 | Gavisconsussp. 300ml | 20,00% | – |
| 5 | Gaviscon forte susp. mint 10ml#20 | 18,70% | – |
| 6 | Gaviscon forte susp. mint 150ml | 18,70% | – |
| 7 | Rennie tab. zhev. without sugar mint №48 | 20,00% | – |
| 8 | Relcersusp. 180ml | 18,80% | – |
| 9 | Maalox Susp. 250ml | 20,00% | 20,20% |
| 10 | Phosphalugel suspension 16g №20 | 21,00% | 22,20% |
| 4. Over 400 rubles | |||
| 1 | Maalox Susp.15ml#30 | 18,70% | – |
The drugs were divided into the following groups: costing up to 100 rubles; worth over 100 rubles. up to 200 rubles; worth over 200 rubles. up to 400 rubles; worth over 400 rubles.
The analysis made it possible to establish that the prices for drugs in the studied market sector in Pharmacy No. 2 are lower than in Pharmacy No. 1, but the level of trade overlays is higher.
In Pharmacy No. 1, for the majority of antacid preparations, when setting retail prices, minimum trade markups were applied. This is evidenced by the minimum value of the level of trade overlays - 18.7%. In Pharmacy No. 2, the minimum value of this indicator was 19.0%. Pharmacy No. 1 receives the largest income from the sale of gaviscon, chewable tablets with mint flavor No. 32 (the level of trade overlays is maximum and amounts to 27.27%). In Pharmacy No. 2, the highest level of trade overlays was found in the drug Maalox, chewable tablets No. 20.
When analyzing the price categories, it was found that the most numerous in both pharmacies is a group of drugs with prices over 100 rubles. up to 200 rubles (16 and 12 items, respectively, in Pharmacy No. 1 and Pharmacy No. 2). In addition, the assortment of antacids of Pharmacy No. 1 is designed to serve customers with any solvency, while Pharmacy No. 2 in its assortment and pricing policy focuses on serving customers with low and medium solvency. This difference in the activities of pharmacy organizations can be explained as regional economic features, and the economic potential of the pharmacy organizations themselves, primarily the availability of working capital.
As a result of the research, it was found that there are no strict requirements for the availability of antacid drugs in pharmacy organizations in the regulatory documents. Therefore, the range of analyzed products is formed by pharmacies arbitrarily on the basis of existing demand and the purchasing power of the population. In both pharmacies, the basis of the range of OTC antacids are products that are known to the end user, enjoy a good reputation and advertising support (almagel, rennie, gastal, phosphalugel, maalox). Despite the identified differences, both pharmacies are able to meet the demand of end-users for OTC antacid medicines.
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