home Accounting How to build a greenhouse from scratch. Winter greenhouse business plan

How to build a greenhouse from scratch. Winter greenhouse business plan

Growing and selling vegetables, herbs in winter time year is great business where you can earn good money. In addition to the fact that the first vegetables are always 50-100% more expensive, in winter this figure almost doubles.

In order to realize such a task, first of all, it is necessary to take care of the quality of the shelter, where the vegetation will actually be grown. A winter greenhouse as a business should be thought out to the smallest detail. And how to build this business so that in the first 2-3 seasons to get into the "plus" - in our article.

Disadvantages and advantages of the idea

Since growing vegetables in a greenhouse requires not only special endurance, but also the creation of suitable conditions, understanding the principles of agriculture, one should be prepared for the fact that a lot of effort and finance will have to be spent on the implementation of such a task in order to get the desired profit. Just like any business plan, growing vegetables and vegetables in a winter greenhouse is characterized by its advantages and disadvantages. But first of all, you need to love and understand this business, so that the minuses turn into pluses.

The range can be anything. The main thing is to determine the sales market

The main advantages of growing vegetables in a greenhouse include:

Minimum costs in the early stages. It is possible to start such a business even from scratch, with a very limited budget. Thanks to this, it is possible to raise their own business for almost everyone who wants to make money in the greenhouse business. This is provided that there is a site and it is possible to build a greenhouse on it, even from improvised materials.

In order for this idea not to be covered with frost in winter, there should be a spacious room with heating, high-quality coverage and the ability to ventilate without the risk of destroying the growth.

Fast payback. It is enough to work with high quality and wisely, and in less than a year all the expenses for the construction of the structure will pay off.
The presence of a constant demand for grown products. In the cold season, homemade vegetables are very popular not only among supermarkets and private outlets, but also among ordinary people - neighbors, friends, colleagues. Therefore, a year-round harvest is in any case a profitable business.

In addition to the fact that you have the opportunity to sell products that are grown in a greenhouse in winter, you can also use them yourself, being content with home-made and very cheap, compared to purchased, vegetables. Firstly, this is the quality that you personally followed, and secondly, it helps to save a lot of money on purchasing expensive vegetables and herbs.

You can even grow grapes if it will generate income in your area

Since we are talking about the advantages of such a business plan, in fairness it is worth noting the disadvantages of growing vegetables and herbs in a greenhouse in winter. These include:

Financial costs that must be constantly invested to ensure high-quality lighting and heating of the greenhouse structure. In this case, the organization of a winter greenhouse and its maintenance will cost you a fairly substantial amount.

Running costs for heating, lighting and fertilizer should be included in the business plan to assess the feasibility of this case specifically for you.

Seasonality of sales. Because in summer time everyone has the opportunity to grow vegetables on their own land, and supermarkets and retail outlets can purchase products from larger enterprises, then this season the demand for vegetables and herbs grown in a closed garden will be extremely low. Although some companies prefer to cooperate with private farmers, so there is a chance to organize sales in the warm season.
Work alone. Due to the fact that the winter greenhouse as a business in our case is a private matter, then, accordingly, all arising organizational matters will have to decide on their own. These include:

market search;
delivery and delivery of products;
bookkeeping;
purchase of fertilizers and other necessary related consumables for growing vegetables in a greenhouse.

But, despite the fact that the whole cycle of growing and harvesting vegetables and herbs in winter in a greenhouse shelter, as a business plan, is characterized by a number of disadvantages, this is a very profitable investment for both beginner gardeners and more experienced farmers. To do this, you need to know how to grow vegetables and a greenhouse and have a small initial capital.

What to grow?

To realize the task, first of all, it is necessary to clearly define what exactly will be grown and sold in the future. Most often grown for sale:

flowers;
berries;
vegetables;
greenery;
heat-loving exotic crops (for example, citrus fruits).

The climatic conditions in the greenhouse shelter must correspond to the nature and characteristics of specific plants or species, if we are talking about the range.

In order not to idle the territory, you can grow several crops at once or alternately

Also keep in mind that if vegetables, in principle, allow some interruptions in watering or temperature changes, then flowers or exotic fruits are unlikely to withstand such low-quality care. And this can significantly affect the payback of just started business.

Even before choosing crops, you need to understand exactly which optimal conditions should be (temperature, lighting, watering), are you able to provide them uninterruptedly and what are the connection costs and monthly current.

VIDEO: A visual experiment on the percentage of forcing green feathers from a quality turnip

Where to grow?

This agricultural business needs to start with the construction of a greenhouse shelter. You can build such a structure from scratch either on your own or with the help of professionals.

Buildings for the development of green business are conditionally divided into several types:

extensions to the house or free-standing structures;
ground or buried;
on design features- arched, with a gable or sloping vault.

Structures in the form of an extension to the house are convenient in work, since you can get into it right through the house. Also, this option is also convenient in that it is possible to organize heating in the greenhouse without much difficulty, taking it out of the house. True, the presence of one closed part of the structure, which is adjacent to the house, reduces the level of illumination of plants, which may not be the best way to affect the cultivated products.

A detached greenhouse located on the land plot, if, of course, it is located in a well-lit place, will receive much more sunlight than in the previous version. But in this case, you need to take care of the heating and lighting device in an independent building.

The advantages of a buried greenhouse are that it is sunk into the soil by at least 1 meter (it all depends on the climatic conditions in the region where the business plan will be implemented). In this case, heating will be cheaper, and interruptions in the operation of the heating system and irrigation will not bring a complete loss of the crop.

Greenhouse material

When building a winter greenhouse as a business facility, you need to carefully choose the material for such a structure. The most commonly used consumables for such purposes are:

Glass

Durable, but at the same time heavy material for building a greenhouse shelter, which requires strengthening the frame part. It transmits the sun's rays well and creates the so-called greenhouse effect, but at the same time at night glass greenhouses are not able to retain heat for a long time, which requires additional heating.

Polyethylene

Cheap material that will last about three years (we are talking about high-quality PET).

Cellular polycarbonate

The highest quality material of all samples, which is widely used by private farmers in their green business. It holds heat well, transmits sunlight.

Due to the cellular structure of the covering material, heat does not leave the room so quickly, and plants are not damaged during the midday sun.

The choice of material largely depends on the initial capital and the scale of the building. Since we are talking specifically about the winter variety of the greenhouse, it is best to build an arched structure with double polycarbonate. This will provide high-quality thermal insulation.

You will learn more about how to build an insulated winter structure in the article "".

Soil and growing conditions

After building or retrofitting a greenhouse structure, you need to prepare the soil. It all depends on how the vegetation will be grown:

on the beds;
on raised ridges;
in hanging pots.

The type of product also affects the process of soil preparation. Therefore, be sure to check which soil is suitable for your chosen crop.

In order for the growth of vegetables in the greenhouse to be not only profitable, but also convenient, make high beds, raising them 50-70 cm above ground level. And as a layer, you can install pipes with a heat source (water or air), an electric cable or make warm beds based on biofuel.

Horse manure has proved to be the best biofuel. It keeps the temperature for a long time, but does not overheat the root system.

Lighting

To get a good harvest, you need to provide seedlings with full lighting and a suitable microclimate. In the winter season, daylight hours are not enough to grow most greenhouse crops, so you should take care of additional lighting, which can be fluorescent lamps.

For an indoor garden, you need to drip LED lamps. They transmit up to 70% of the spectrum of sunlight, and are cheaper to operate.

Heating

As for heating, it can be organized through such devices:

bake;
heaters, fan heaters;
cable electrical heating;
IF heaters;
boiler (gas or solid fuel).

Sales Organization

Sell your own grown vegetables, flowers, etc. You can do it yourself by renting a commercial space. You can also conclude an agreement with supermarkets. True, this task is quite difficult to implement.

Approximate estimate

Important building blocks of the greenhouse business

So that you understand what amounts we are talking about, we bring to your attention an approximate estimate of such a business plan:

The construction of the shelter and its complete arrangement - 500 thousand rubles.
Additional labor resources in the face employees(with large volumes of plant cultivation) - 70 thousand rubles.
Purchase of seedlings, fertilizers, fuel and other necessary Supplies- 40 thousand rubles.

From the words of entrepreneurs for one month, the profit is about 400 thousand rubles. Now calculate for yourself how much you can earn on such a green business in a season. Good luck in all your endeavors!

VIDEO: Successful greenhouse business

Starting a business in the form of a greenhouse business is far from a new idea. However, with a competent organization, a “green” business can bring a very good income. How to start a greenhouse business and how to overcome the obstacles that arise in the way of a novice entrepreneur? We will talk about this and much more in this article.

Let's weigh the pros and cons

In greenhouses, greens and vegetables grow rapidly, in some regions they harvest 3-4 crops per year. Therefore, such a business, in fact, cannot be unprofitable. However, in addition to the advantages, it also has a number of disadvantages. Let's look at both in the table.

Benefits of greenhouse management	Business Disadvantages
Greenhouse business is simple. Greenhouses are being built quickly. Starting a business can be done in a couple of months	It is very problematic to sell grown products, therefore, a constant search for consumers and markets is required.
Opportunity to receive subsidies from the state. For example, the administration of the Krasnodar Territory provides subsidies for starting a business in the field of agriculture in the amount of up to 50%	Seasonal prices and high competition require careful study of the local market
The business can be established on a small area required for greenhouses. Sometimes 2-3 acres is enough. Savings on rent if you have your own land or rent it far from the city	Decent monthly costs for electricity, water, as well as their installation and connection
Fast payback (from 1 to 2 years) distinguishes any greenhouse business

Where to begin?

For a novice entrepreneur, an approximate picture or action plan that contributes to the success of the greenhouse business is extremely important. It is important to think over many points related to the organization of greenhouse management, but first of all, attention should be paid to solving three primary issues:

What to grow? Given the favorable weather conditions in a small number of regions, price forecasts, it is advisable to grow vegetables and herbs. These plants are very unpretentious, do not require much care, any greenhouse business will benefit from them. Flowers are the choice of many professionals. Exotic plants and flowers are the most profitable direction in the greenhouse business. But always associated with risk and high costs. It is recommended for a beginner who is a greenhouse beginner to practice on greens (onions, lettuce, parsley).
To whom to sell? This is a question that must be resolved before building or buying a greenhouse. Before starting all work, it is important to establish contacts with buyers. The more guaranteed points of sale for products you have, the better, because if one wholesale buyer refuses to purchase what is grown, then there will be another.
What type of greenhouse to put: summer or winter? What materials and how much to buy? Many choose quick-gathering greenhouses. More suited specifically for business but they are not cheap. Some start-up entrepreneurs build from improvised materials, and then update and equip the farm as they earn. Regardless of how much you are going to invest, it is advisable to plan the budget in advance.

Business specifics

There are three sectors in the greenhouse business: growing vegetables, flowers and herbs; for each direction there are greenhouses. According to experts, the maximum income from them can be obtained in a fairly hot climate, it is desirable that the winter temperature is not lower than -5 degrees. A frosty winter is a serious risk, in order to avoid it, you will have to invest additionally in the purchase of materials for insulation. The losses from the cold winter will be many times greater than the cost of transporting products to the northern regions.

A novice entrepreneur will have to choose a direction: seasonal or permanent greenhouse business. Where to start planning? If you are going to be engaged in seasonal cultivation of plants, then the usual permanent business is based on special industrial premises with protected ground, with year-round heating and lighting.

It is almost impossible to calculate all expenses and expected income in your mind, think over financial risks, and other significant issues without a business plan. It helps to identify and solve many problems at the stage of preparation. How to develop a business plan for a greenhouse complex?

Business plan sections

A greenhouse business plan may include several sections. It takes into account natural and climatic conditions, all aspects of a particular business:

What to write about in a business plan?

We give a detailed justification of the project in the table.


Activity overview or summary	The business plan provides for the opening of a greenhouse facility that will grow, harvest and then sell agricultural products (greens, vegetables or flowers, etc.). IP was chosen as the organizational and legal form. The advantage of this form is simplified accounting, ease of settlements with counterparties and tax reduction. The project is rated as successful as there are sufficient high demand for agricultural products
Business Description	In this section, it is recommended to describe in detail all the objects that will be included in the greenhouse industry. The business plan must contain a description and diagrams of future building structures and planned engineering and technological communications. It is necessary to calculate the needs for heating, gas, water. For example, it is planned to open a greenhouse facility of five greenhouses, the total area of which is 600 m 2, the size of the greenhouse is 20 x 6 m
Description of products and services	A greenhouse business is created to grow agricultural products and sell them to customers wholesale and retail. At the preparatory stage, it is worth deciding on the future assortment that will be presented in the greenhouse. Most often it is greens and vegetables. At this stage, you have to choose a method of cultivation, traditional or innovative, such as hydroponics. When choosing an assortment, it is important to take into account the demand and the general specifics of this industry in your region, for this we are working on the following section
Market and industry analysis	A greenhouse business plan, as a rule, contains a detailed description and features of the regional (regional, district) greenhouse market. In addition, it is extremely important for the success of the whole business to find potential wholesale buyers, assess sales opportunities, report on work with wholesalers. The business plan indicates not only future buyers, but also their planned purchase volumes
Production plan and organizational plan	Acquisition or lease of land. Construction of greenhouses. Carrying out all necessary communications. Recruitment if necessary
Sales plan	Before starting all activities for organizing a greenhouse business, it is necessary to draw up a marketing plan. It is necessary to think over what the circle of buyers will be, and, if possible, establish relations with agricultural bases, shops, supermarkets, food markets and other contractors
Financial and investment plan	Is the greenhouse business profitable? A financial plan will help answer this question. To calculate the amount of profit and the break-even point, it is necessary to keep a record of future income and expenses, understand the features of tax accounting and other indicators

Financial plan

The basis of the financial plan is the forecasting of future income and expenses; without this, the greenhouse business cannot become successful. In addition, the entrepreneur will have to independently maintain these articles, calculate the planned and actual profit, net profit, break-even point and other indicators. To create a plan and keep records, it will be convenient to divide all expenses into one-time, fixed and variable:

One-time costs are expenses that will have to be incurred once, as a rule, at the initial stage (purchase of greenhouses, cars, plumbing, electricity, etc.).
Fixed costs are usually monthly expenses paid by a businessman in an equal amount (land rent, wages to employees, water supply, electricity).
Variable costs - expenses that arise periodically in different amounts (repair of greenhouses, purchase of fertilizers, fuel and lubricants (fuel) for the delivery of products).

Based on detailed information about the costs, we can calculate the total amount of expenses for each month and for the whole year. A table will help simplify the work, in which we select columns for each month and columns for types of expenses.

It is significant that in a number of regions they receive 2-3 crops per year, and in some regions 4 crops per greenhouse. The business plan allows you to easily calculate the planned income. To do this, it is important to know market prices and crop volumes per square meter. Income will appear only after the sale of the ripe crop and depend on the type of product, its price in the market.

As an example, let's choose a greenhouse business on greenery. Let's make an approximate calculation for green onions. In the supermarket, a bunch of onions costs up to 30 rubles in the spring, about the same cost is 1 kg of onions at the base. From 100 to 120 bulbs are planned to be planted in a greenhouse per 1 m2. You can get from 100 to 120 bunches of onions from 1 m 2. So, 1 m 2 of a greenhouse will bring up to 3000 rubles. Subtract expenses from income and get profit. Suppose we have already incurred one-time costs. The remaining expenses for heating and watering the greenhouse and others, which amounted to 2,500 rubles per 1 m2:

3000 - 500 = 2500 rubles

We multiply the profit from 1 m 2 by the total area of 150 m 2:

2500 × 150 = 375 thousand rubles

After deducting the amount of taxes, we get a net profit, which will show how successful the greenhouse business is, whether it is profitable to invest your money, time and effort in it. Thus, the payback of a greenhouse business for growing greenery, with the right calculation, can be several months. The constant search for customers will allow the entrepreneur to make a profit in the first year of operation, so the profitability of the greenhouse business is quite acceptable.

Investment plan

The investment plan contains a scheme of investments or investments for all stages of business development, the amount of initial capital. The first investment will be a greenhouse. Businessman receives project documentation on it and all external networks. It is important to know how much each piece of equipment cost. It is necessary to plan funds for the construction of greenhouses, connection to networks (electricity, water supply), purchase of equipment and planting material. These investments are included in the ongoing costs that the businessman bears until the first profit from the greenhouses is received.

What greenhouse to choose?

Before purchasing a greenhouse, you have to decide on its type. The type of greenhouse depends on climatic conditions, assortment and specifics of the economy:

Summer-lightweight greenhouses are simple and set up in a couple of hours. This type of building is built in a few hours. The summer version of greenhouses is used for the most part as protection against prolonged rains or pests.
Winter-type greenhouses, which transmit sunlight well, will help create and maintain the necessary microclimate. Therefore, they are more suitable for growing any plants, including flowers.

Greenhouse materials

Creating a temperature regime suitable for plants is costly. A cheap greenhouse will not be able to maintain the desired temperature for a long time. It is important to consider the choice of material that will be used in its construction. Today, the following types of materials are popular:

Glass. For a very long time, the greenhouse business at home was built on one of the main materials in this business - glass. It was used to create insulated greenhouses that could be successfully operated until late autumn. Glass transmits up to 90% of light. But for the cold winter months, it is not suitable, regardless of whether additional insulation is used. Glass has such a disadvantage as fragility, low temperatures can destroy it. And the cost of glazing will be rather big. In this regard, this material is suitable for temporary use.
Polyethylene is a material used for a long time in many types of greenhouses. Its plus is low price compared to other materials. But a significant drawback is the small throughput. Many plants will need additional light sources. The greenhouse will have to be opened in acceptable weather so that sunlight can reach the plants. The material is characterized by low strength and low heat capacity, therefore it is suitable exclusively for summer greenhouses.
Home greenhouse business is unimaginable without polycarbonate. It is a product of modern technology, 250 times stronger and 8 times lighter than glass. Its heat capacity is several times higher than that of glass and polyethylene. Only polycarbonate is the ideal material for winter greenhouses. To ensure the greatest penetration of light allows the roof of the greenhouse made of polycarbonate with a thickness of not more than 9 mm. The walls can be thicker. When choosing a polycarbonate greenhouse, it is important to know that it comes in two types: monolithic and cellular. Cellular polycarbonate has more advantages, as it is much more transparent and warmer than monolithic. For greenhouse business, cellular polycarbonate is recommended.

Conclusion

Greenhouse farming is a business that must constantly develop and improve. High competition in industries reduces the rate of profit. New technologies are emerging, but at the same time, the cost of equipment is growing. Therefore, a businessman must be able not only to sell what he has grown, but to navigate the market, use innovations and expand the business.

Good afternoon. My name is Alexander Garmashov, I'm from the city of Stavropol. Five years ago, I was interested in the issue of profitability of the greenhouse industry. Despite the existing competition, all greenhouse owners had a stable and solid income. And for four years now I have been growing potted flowers in my greenhouse and one of the most valuable products in stores - greens.

Today, my greenhouse business is the largest in the city. Contracts have been concluded with more than a hundred stores and individual entrepreneurs.

The existing greenhouse occupies more than three hundred square meters, equipped with a ventilation, irrigation, ventilation, watering and screening system. There is a well and boilers for space heating. Optimal temperature and lighting are maintained all year round.

Attendants - three workers who take care of the plants, plant, collect and guard the greenhouse.

The financial side of the issue is as follows:

initial costs - from 500,000 rubles;
labor costs - from 70,000 rubles per month;
other expenses (light, seedlings, fuel, and so on) - from 40,000 rubles per month;
monthly income - from 400 thousand rubles per month.

Does the greenhouse bring income as a business?

Building a greenhouse and growing greens, vegetables and flowers is a profitable business.

Its advantages:

low construction costs and simple solution of organizational issues;
high payback. As a rule, it is realistic to cover the costs already a year after the start of work;
constant demand for products. If you grow vegetables and herbs, you can be sure of a stable demand for goods. The only issue is the price;
grown products are always available for personal consumption (if we are talking about vegetables and herbs). You are growing yourself, so you are sure of the quality.

But there are also disadvantages of the greenhouse business idea:

high costs for paying for electricity, because a large greenhouse needs to be illuminated almost around the clock;
the presence of a seasonal business factor. In winter, the demand for goods is much higher. In summer, finding a good market for a good price is usually much more difficult;
you have to decide on your own the issue of delivering the goods to the buyer, and this is an additional cost.

What should a greenhouse business plan for growing vegetables look like?

To achieve success and quickly recoup your costs, do the following work:

1. Decide what exactly will grow in your greenhouse. There are enough options - it can be onions, parsley, indoor flowers, herbs and other plants.

One of better ways earn money - grow vegetables, for example, carrots, kohlrabi, broccoli, potatoes, leeks, white cabbage, cucumbers, eggplants, garlic, peppers and so on.

2. Decide on a growing system. A good option is hydroponics. The peculiarity of this system is the complete automation of the process, minimal costs and high efficiency.

Each plant grows in its own container of water, which receives additional fertilizers and nutrients.

The disadvantage of the system is that vegetables acquire an unnatural "watery" taste.

If you plan to develop long-term cooperation with representatives of retail outlets, then it is better to refuse this method.

You can get delicious vegetables when grown on the ground or through special mobile beds.

By the way, the last option is the most preferable. With this method, vegetables acquire a truly "natural" taste and are no different from those grown in the country under the open sun.

3. Find a site for a greenhouse. At the initial stage, the greenhouse needs an area of about 130-150 square meters. But look for a place with the prospect of further expansion.

When searching, consider the possibility of supplying electricity, breaking through a well or supplying water. Soil quality is also important. The average cost of rental costs is from 30 thousand rubles, but you can find cheaper ones.

4. Recruit staff. With all the desire to cope with such a business on their own will not work - hardworking assistants are needed. It is advisable to take two or three people who will look after vegetables, plant, harvest and perform other work.

The financial part of the question will look like this:

payment for renting land for a greenhouse - from 30,000 rubles per month;
purchase and arrangement of a greenhouse - from 400,000 rubles;
payment for electricity - from 15,000 rubles per month;
expenses for deductions and taxes - from 15,000 rubles per month.

Total costs - from 500-600 thousand rubles.

How to install a greenhouse?

If you are building a small greenhouse, then you can build it yourself. In the case of the construction of a capital structure, then find specialists. The greenhouse business idea is a promising direction.

But for its implementation, it is important to build a high-quality greenhouse, taking into account all the rules and regulations.

It is important not only to build a structure, but also to organize irrigation, bring in soil, supply electricity, install a boiler, and so on. It is better to look for a company that is ready to do everything on a turnkey basis, up to resolving issues with the power supply organization.

The cost of construction and arrangement - from 400,000 rubles.

Home business make money on your greenhouse

Is the business of growing greens in a greenhouse profitable?

Growing herbs (dill, parsley, onion) is one of the most promising directions(I can safely say this from my own experience). The business pays off very quickly.

All that is needed for growth is good soil, some water, heat and sun. At the same time, more than three kilograms of onions can be harvested from one square meter per season.

Taking into account that the average annual price is about 50 rubles for a small bunch weighing 150 grams, then one "square" of land can bring 1000 rubles. Greens can be grown in two tiers, which increases the overall yield.

What kind of greenhouse to build for business?

You can choose one of three options:

build a polycarbonate greenhouse. The peculiarity of the material is the ability to completely transmit the rays of the sun and lightness. For the construction of such a greenhouse, it is not necessary to install a foundation, which significantly reduces the cost of the construction process. On the other hand, polycarbonate itself is a very expensive material;
polyethylene greenhouses have a low cost (this is the main and almost the only advantage). Of the minuses - insufficient light transmission (vegetables grow much more slowly) and low strength. In practice, greenhouse repairs have to be done almost every year;
glass structures are expensive. But there are more advantages - they transmit light well, have a long service life and allow you to operate the greenhouse all year round.

Table number 1. Dynamics of agricultural production in Russia

What is special about growing chrysanthemums in a greenhouse?

Very popular flowers today are chrysanthemums. Their peculiarity is that they are absolutely not capricious and whimsical.

But if you have been visited by the business ideas of a greenhouse for growing these flowers, then consider a few important requirements:

chrysanthemums require high-quality soil and special attention to the choice of cuttings;
daylight hours should be at least 14-15 hours;
pay special attention to the temperature regime, top dressing and watering;
perform disease prevention.

Table number 2. Prices for greenhouse products in Russia

As a rule, for planting such flowers, you can do with simple garden soil with a small addition of sandy soil or humus. During planting, it is not worth deepening the roots too much - this will complicate the “work” of the plant.

As for the light, in the summer there will be enough sunlight, and in other periods the greenhouse should be illuminated by artificial sources. Optimal temperature regime is about 17-18 degrees Celsius.

At the time of the appearance of the buds, it is desirable to reduce the temperature to a level of 10 degrees Celsius.

The first feeding should be carried out already 11-12 days after planting. During growth, nitrogen-based fertilizers are the best option.

When their buds begin to form, it is advisable to use special phosphorus-potassium additives (they should be applied directly under the root). Pay special attention to the dosage - it is important not to overdo it here.

When buying chrysanthemums for planting, keep in mind that at the end of spring the cost for them will be maximum - up to 17-19 rubles, but by the end of May and the beginning of June it decreases by two or three rubles. A little later, cuttings can be bought at all for free - for 6-8 rubles.

You can study the numerous experience of other entrepreneurs who have created their own successful business with a franchise in the section of our website:

The most successful and informative case according to the editors of the Russtarup portal:

An interesting experience of creating a business under the franchising program is presented

Greenhouse business. How beneficial is it?

If you have hands on your shoulders and a craving for construction, then you can earn money on the manufacture and installation of greenhouses. The simplest technology is the assembly of structures using polycarbonate.

As a rule, a frame is first made, to which the sheets are fastened. The latter are fixed with each other with a sealed tape. The frame is formed using a galvanized iron profile (sold in any store).

Installation of the structure is carried out directly on the selected site (you can do without a foundation). Upon completion of construction, it remains only to install windows and doors. The total cost of building a structure is about 8-10 thousand rubles.

The procedure takes about two days. The cost of work for the customer is from 20 thousand rubles.

Conclusion

Decide what you want to grow, understand the features of a new direction and become the best in your field. Write (order) a quality business plan and put it into practice.

All roads are open. Moreover, now you know how good the greenhouse business is and where to start your business.

The first step in the business of growing vegetables in the cold season is the construction of a winter greenhouse. The desire of more and more people to eat only organic products will allow your business to grow and bring reliable profits.

Variety of greenhouses

Every resident of the countryside or summer cottages asks the question of making a profit from growing agricultural products. One interesting solution to this problem is the construction of a winter greenhouse. It is good to grow seedlings (vegetable and flower), berries in it, root cuttings or transplant perennials from the garden. The result of labor will depend only on your skills and efforts, and not on the properties of the soil, or the vagaries of the weather.

The modern market offers a wide variety of types and shapes of greenhouses, so it is difficult for a novice gardener to understand where to start building. What design will be convenient for growing different types of vegetables or herbs? What should be its area required to collect the planned amount of the crop? What kind of roof do you prefer? Etc.

To find the right answers to these and other questions, you need to familiarize yourself with the types and features of greenhouses, and also clearly understand for yourself when, what crops and in what quantity you have to grow.

Greenhouses come in different designs:

wall-mounted;
arched;
under the name "house" and others.

In addition, the temperature inside the building is considered a distinctive feature: there are unheated greenhouses, greenhouses with partial heating and heated greenhouses. If you are planning to make a small winter garden or a green terrace, then the best option there will be a wall structure. A shed roof and a common wall with the house will make such construction and heating economical.

You can choose an arched glazed structure - it will be used for comfortable growth of crops in the warm season, for example, low-growing plants, as well as vegetables and herbs. Its traditional dimensions are 2 * 4 * 3 m, but it is not suitable for growing tall and climbing plants.

Unheated greenhouses They are built without additional heating, so in winter they have a low temperature. They are convenient for spring cultivation of tomato seedlings, early vegetables, flower seedlings, rooting cuttings. If you decide to deal with heat-loving plants, then this option does not make sense to consider.

AT partially heated greenhouse winter temperature should not be lower than 5-7 degrees - it can be provided by the operation of an ordinary heater. This design is convenient for seasonal cultivation of "greenhouse" plants - cyclamen, azalea - or flower seedlings for flower beds.

If you plan to grow vegetables, berries and herbs earlier than weather conditions allow you to do it in the open field, then you need to start building heated winter greenhouse. You need to understand all the differences between such a structure and summer buildings. It is necessary to ensure and regularly maintain a temperature of at least 13 degrees in it.

A winter greenhouse is a massive structure with heating, lighting and other distinctive properties.

Features of the construction of a winter greenhouse

It's good to have fresh herbs and vegetables on the table all year round. And when they can be sold at a bargain price, then this is a double pleasure! Many amateur gardeners have long found a way out of the situation when you need to grow vegetables not only in the warm season, but also in severe frosts. This is the construction of winter greenhouses.

The very first thing you need to start construction with is to decide on the range and volume of grown products. It is recommended to start it in the fall before the first frosts, after carefully examining the site where construction will begin.

Work usually begins with the calculation of the strength of the frame, on which the material of your choice will be stretched, and the selection of everything else necessary for construction. The frame must be hardy, as it will receive a large amount of precipitation in the form of snow and rain. Wood is considered the most environmentally friendly material. It is reliable, durable, and the construction of such a greenhouse will not be difficult. The disadvantage is that such a design will be out of service in 10-15 years. A polycarbonate greenhouse is considered more budgetary, but durable.

The winter greenhouse should stand on foundation, consist of a roof and a frame. It is recommended to install the structure in a north-south direction. The foundation must be necessarily strong. The reliability of the installation of the entire structure depends on this. For its competent installation, you need to calculate the approximate weight of the planned structure.

The basis - frame- mounted on dug-in racks, foundation. The edges must be fixed with self-tapping screws. Everyone chooses materials for coating at their own discretion. You can use glass, but in this case it will be necessary to protect the plants from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The film is considered a cheap and convenient material, but it can burst under a layer of snow. Polycarbonate is a versatile material. It is reliable, frost and snow resistant, it has a spectacular appearance. We should not forget that there should be a door and a window in the frame from the end.

For growing peppers and tomatoes in this phase, 10-15 degrees will be enough. When the tomatoes are in the cotyledon phase, they dive into special pots filled with nutrient soil. It must be remembered that tomatoes and cucumbers do not like neighborhoods, so it is undesirable to grow them nearby.

Lettuce, like Beijing cabbage, is best grown in a winter greenhouse to the point where they have formed a half-head. For this, the seeds are sown no earlier than at the end of January. When the height of the semi-heads is 8-10 cm, their first selective harvesting is possible. From 1 sq.m. manages to get about 5-6 kg. But do not chase a wide range - Dutch greenhouses, for example, advise growing only one crop.

Where to sell products?

One of the most important issues that worries entrepreneurs taking their first steps in a small business is the issue of logistics and product marketing.

In addition to the benefits brought to the owner by the abundance of vitamins on the table in winter, it should please financial receipts to the budget. Therefore, before starting construction, it is recommended to get acquainted with the administration of retail outlets within the limits of the possible export of products, discuss with them supply options, sales volume and the likelihood of receiving a similar product. You should specify the price of the products (you need to take into account the fact that the store will sell the goods with a markup) and find the golden meanwith distance (otherwise, all profits will go as transportation costs).

If it is planned to sell large volumes of products to resellers, then they prefer durable goods, such as tomatoes.

Through retail it is easier to sell parsley, lettuce, radish, strawberries, and in April-May, popular seedlings.

The farther from the possible points the greenhouse is located, the more “leaky” products should be preferred. This type of business will be doomed to failure in advance if you live in the suburbs of a large metropolis or in a very remote taiga area.

Newcomers to this business are advised to choose the easiest way to implement it - through a supermarket. If there is someone in the neighborhood who is already doing this, it would be good to know the range of their products - to avoid unhealthy competition, it is better to deal with different cultures.

Benefits of winter greenhouse business

Do you dream of building a greenhouse and making big profits right away? Every year there are more and more enterprising people who consider crop production in greenhouse conditions a profitable business.

First you need to understand the intricacies of this business. Products grown in a winter greenhouse will indeed have a high cost. But you need to take into account the peculiarities of the market of the area where you live. Study supply and demand.

As a rule, demand has a wave-like character, it differs by seasons or can be timed to coincide with holidays. There is always a demand for greenery, and it grows well, but roses are not popular now, preference is given to exotic varieties of flowers. All of this must be kept in mind when choosing planting material and calculating the desired return on investment. If the design has perfect insulation, and it is not afraid of severe frosts, then it can function from November to May inclusive. It is at a time when the price of market goods is high, and the population does not have its own vegetables.

The construction and maintenance of winter greenhouses require certain financial investments, so the process is considered profitable only if the value of the resulting crop is at least 30% higher than the cost of the costs.

Required for the construction of a greenhouse start-up capital. This includes the cost of construction, the purchase of seeds, watering, lighting, heating. So, the cost of building a small greenhouse with stove heating will amount to 200 thousand rubles.

Payback in general will depend on the profitability and the amount of investments. Usually, over a period of about 2 - 5 seasons, all this pays off, and the profit is 300% - 400%. In any case, the profit will be directly proportional to the price of the product.

In the regions of Russia, which are located from each other in the meridional direction, the price for 1 kg differs by an order of magnitude. For example, during the winter period of last year, the price for 1 kg of tomatoes in Samara was 100 rubles, and in Norilsk it reached 700-800 rubles.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the costs of electricity, seeds, fertilizer, logistics, etc. The larger the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, the more realistic it is to get a big income. What is more profitable to grow in a greenhouse in winter? According to experienced growers,the most profitable direction for growing in winter greenhouses are flowers; greens are in second place, vegetables are in third. By the way, the sale of lettuce gives 4 times more profit than tomatoes!

The greenhouse business is tough. This is a very painstaking and laborious task. But given the main trend of our time - to eat only organic products - your exciting business will be profitable!

Obviously, the greenhouse as a business is becoming more attractive today for entrepreneurs. Her products are in demand.

Statistics from the Moscow Research Institute of Nutrition claims that the average citizen of the country should consume 87.6 kg of vegetables per year. Of these, approximately 13 kg are grown in greenhouses.

According to the report of the same research institute, the share of vegetables in the general diet of the population should be increased by 30%. The experience of many countries testifies to the growing component in their crops of greenhouse products. This is promising.

At present, the share of Russian greenhouse products per average citizen is only 4 kg. Of course, this is not enough. The remaining 9 kg are Dutch strawberries, Israeli greens, Iranian cucumbers, Turkish tomatoes. The agro-industrial complex is faced with the task of fully providing the population of Russia with greenhouse vegetables of domestic production.

Governmental support

A turning point in the current situation seems to have arrived. Unfortunately, this business has been "choking" for more than twenty years. The needs of this entrepreneurship were not previously heard by society in the face of energy suppliers operating with the help of discriminatory quotas.

The necessary adjustments were made by the Russian Government program agricultural development 2013–2020 (Government Decree No. 717 of 07/14/2012). Increasingly, entrepreneurs are interested in the question - where to start a greenhouse business?

Where should greenhouses be built?

Greenhouse farming is critical of the geography of this type of farming. If, for example, in Spain, a greenhouse can be built anywhere, then, unfortunately, Russia is characterized by the prevailing zoning in the area of increased risk for agriculture.

Harsh winters, insufficient sunlight, unsustainable summers - these factors for a closed-field business mean higher energy costs. Greenhouse vegetable crops require maintaining the thermal regime of their germination and cultivation. At the same time, the heating of these agricultural buildings should function adequately to external temperature changes.

The business plan of the greenhouse business should minimize energy costs, since they make up at least 90% of the total costs of greenhouse farms. Therefore, it is possible that the reproaches of Russian agrarians against the energy sector are justified because of the insufficiently balanced prices for energy carriers within the entire national economic complex. So far, minimization of costs, and hence the maximum profitability of the greenhouse business, is possible only in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.

Planning for future sales

An entrepreneur, preliminarily evaluating whether the greenhouse business is profitable, monitors an important factor in the availability of water, gas and electricity for heating and lighting. In addition, a certain role belongs to the minimization of transport costs. Therefore, indoor business is especially in demand near million-plus cities.

The established direct deliveries of freshly grown products to nearby network food supermarkets are a priority for entrepreneurs. At the same time, the maximum profitability of the greenhouse business is achieved and there are virtually no product losses that occur during longer delivery.

However, even in the case of significant transport costs, the costs of transporting vegetables grown in Russia from south to north are much lower than the estimated energy costs if the greenhouses in which these fruits were grown were located in the northern regions.

Specialization

Novice entrepreneurs should not be scattered, picking up a "bouquet" of various greenhouse crops for cultivation. In modern enterprise on closed soil, high yields are achieved only with narrow specialization. This idea is confirmed by the many years of experience of the Dutch, recognized leaders in the issue we are discussing. They say that specialization in two cultures is already an excess.

In a word, the greenhouse as a business is created on the basis of common sense and sober calculation. When entering it, amateur performance is not welcome. First, the market is investigated, it is determined which greenhouse crop is most in demand. A usable area is planned in advance, reasonable yield parameters are laid down (greenhouse agriculture assumes 3-6 crops per year).

What is more profitable to grow?

However, independent monitoring is not enough, agronomic knowledge is important. One way or another, before entering the agribusiness on closed ground, you will have to hire a technologist who has the knowledge of an agronomist. It is with him that the IP clarifies the question: what is more profitable to grow in greenhouses? Even with the initial specialization in a particular crop, the agronomist will tell you the variety you need.

Here are some recommendations for entrepreneurs on their choice of specialization. If close cooperation with wholesalers is planned, then there is a direct benefit to produce tomatoes - a crop that is stored for a relatively long time. Greens (parsley, celery, lettuce, dill) are beneficial when an entrepreneur trades directly with retailers. Retailers are also interested in "greenhouse" radishes, strawberries, and seedlings (in spring). Lettuce cultivation can be based on direct contracts with restaurant owners.

In a word, it is important for an individual entrepreneur to understand at the initial stage what is profitable to grow in a greenhouse for sale.

Yield planning and business parameters

We recommend that even before the start of investment activities in the greenhouse business, decide on the buyers of your future products. We need firm agreements, reliable buyers. Priority should be given, as we have already mentioned, to large chain supermarkets.

Then, in order of priority, opportunities should be sought in wholesale trade. And only then - in retail. Therefore, the answer to the question of where to start a greenhouse business will be your agreements with large guaranteed buyers. The distribution system must, in principle, be planned in advance.

To understand how a greenhouse works as a business, let's imagine a simple calculation. First you have to make investment project. The very first step for an entrepreneur should be the acquisition of a project. Thus, the entrepreneur determines the preparation of the territory, the purchase of equipment, its installation, the purchase of planting materials, links with cash flows maturation cycle, terms of product sales.

The main guidelines for you should be, on the one hand, the maximum possible profit (which you should strive for), and on the other hand, the minimum profit that preserves the prospects for business development

Purchased greenhouses

Consider a typical business plan for a greenhouse business built on an industrial basis. It is standard, so it is widely demanded. A land plot of 1 ha for greenhouses can be bought for about 100 thousand rubles.

Soil preparation is underway. Individual entrepreneurs purchase standard sections of industrial greenhouses. The coating is often polycarbonate, less often glass.

A section of such a prefabricated structure has the following parameters: width - 6 m, length - 4 m, height - 3.3 m. It costs 110 thousand rubles. How to roughly estimate the cost of significantly longer greenhouses? It is generally accepted that with an increase in length, every 2 linear meters will cost 30 thousand rubles. Sections are installed in rows, in the direction from east to west.

Heating and watering

The most rational heating system is air (with the supply of heated air through special openings in the air ducts from heat generators).

The preferred irrigation system is drip irrigation. The cost of it is small - several thousand rubles for supply hoses. Be sure to purchase greenhouse lighting systems, fertilizers, chemicals. A warehouse and a room for inventory should also be equipped.

Benefits and costs

Is a greenhouse business built using purchased prefabricated greenhouses profitable? Only with a well-designed business plan and strict adherence modern technologies. Investments in a greenhouse complex with a usable area of 1 hectare will amount to about $ 30-35 thousand. Gas and electricity will account for about 90% of current costs.

Annual wage manager, agronomist and 10 workers will be approximately $ 55-60 thousand. With the proper efficiency of the greenhouse business, the profitability of the business is 15%. Such greenhouse technologies provide a return on investment in it in 3-4 years.

Briefly about hydroponics

The most cost-effective technology is hydroponics. The cycle of growing vegetables on it is three weeks. Harvest from one hectare with this technology in 1 day - up to 3 tons of vegetables. Housekeeping in a backyard home greenhouse complex is usually carried out by the family living in the house. If hired workers are involved, then 1-2 people, and then for planting or harvesting (the most laborious period).

In this case, it should be taken into account, in particular, that the greenhouse business based on hydroponics is more suitable for growing flowers, because the taste of vegetables will be significantly inferior to garden ones. In this case, consumers often complain about the "plastic" taste of products. However, the greenery "passes" with a bang.

Economy option for greenhouse business

If funds for the initial investment are still limited, your own plot in front of the house can become a “launching pad” for you.

In this case, greenhouses are usually built on their own: frame - 2.5 m in width - and shed, deepened into the ground.

Consider their specialization in cucumbers. This crop, unlike tomatoes, does not require ventilation, which simplifies cultivation. The most economical option is greenhouses deepened into the ground (only 1 m above the surface, outwardly it looks like a greenhouse). The entrance to the greenhouse is on a slope, like in a cellar. The frame is made of steel wire, on top is a polyethylene film.

Heating is laid at the edges of the greenhouse - two pipes fed from a domestic boiler. Watering is frequent, cucumbers love water. Such structures are erected in the east-west direction along the entire length of the site. Greenhouse technologies, as we can see, in the case of home gardening are based on maximum efficiency.

Maintaining the temperature regime in home greenhouses

It is important to observe the temperature regime. At a temperature of 25 ° C, cucumbers will germinate in 3 days, if 18 ° C - in a week. Further, 18 ° C is also suitable for germination, but no less, since at temperatures below 14 ° C, the growth of cucumbers generally stops. The problem arises when the temperature drops outside the window are significant. What to do then? The answer is simple. Control and measuring equipment should function in greenhouses. As an option, you can install a relay alarm with an audible signal in the house. Then, according to the “Alarm” signal, the temperature of the domestic boiler should be increased.

If the owners are unwilling to use a domestic boiler for heating backyard greenhouses, an alternative option is possible - a stove for greenhouses. Usually this is a small economical potbelly stove of a simple design, designed for 20 hours of operation without supervision, insensitive to the type of fuel. It is desirable to provide in its design a chimney, a gas shutter, an ash box, an oven door. They are heated in greenhouses with peat chips or sawdust.

Conclusion

The recently adopted Russian agro-industrial development program has already contributed to the growth of greenhouse vegetable crops: in 2013, the growth rate was 6.7%. It is indicative that, compared with the previous year, the yield growth dynamics in the Ural region amounted to 28%. The leading position is traditionally occupied by the greenhouse business of the Volga District - 184 thousand tons of vegetables and herbs. In 2014, it is planned to get a crop of 720 thousand tons.

However, the Achilles' heel of the greenhouse economy remains its gas and electricity consumption. Suppliers of these energy resources, without taking into account the production characteristics of greenhouse farms in Russia, set consumption quotas, penalizing them for exceeding them.

By Decree No. 717, the Russian state assumed compensation for 20% of the energy costs of greenhouse entrepreneurs. It is planned to modernize the existing technical complexes, increasing their traditional productivity by 2 times, as well as to build new ones. By 2014 increased total area greenhouses from 2.6 to 3.0 thousand hectares. And by 2020, the total area of greenhouses will be 4.7 thousand hectares, and the planned harvest will be 1,720 thousand tons. The reserves are obvious, for comparison: the area under closed ground in Spain is 52 thousand hectares.

The most important indicator that indicates whether a greenhouse is effective as a business is the yield of vegetables per square meter. Due to the introduction of new technologies, it is expected to increase from 18.8 kg/m 2 (average level for 2010) to 36.8 kg/m 2 in 2020.

As we can see, the general macroeconomic situation demonstrates the growing attractiveness of this business for private entrepreneurs.