home Credit The advantage of extruded feed for cattle. Technology for the production of extruded feed in the poultry industry

The advantage of extruded feed for cattle. Technology for the production of extruded feed in the poultry industry

Extruded feed is gaining popularity in raising pigs and other domestic animals on farms. In the process of processing grain crops for such feed, their nutritional value and nutritional quality are significantly increased. This leads to the fact that food is better absorbed, which means that animals develop and grow more intensively.

What is extruded food?

Extruded highly nutritious feed for pigs is produced by processing grain and grain waste on special equipment - extruders. Often the grain base is supplemented with various animal waste, premixes, mineral additives and other components. The main advantage of the obtained feed mass is that it is absorbed in the body of a pig by 90%. Nutrients from ordinary grains in the digestive system are absorbed only by 50%.

During extrusion, the feedstock is exposed to several types of influence at once. It is affected by high pressure, grinding mechanisms, heat. As a result, the very structure of the feed changes completely. Starch, which is one of the components of the grain, breaks down into monosaccharides, which are absorbed twice as efficiently as the substance in its original form. Protein and some others useful material are also converted into an easily digestible form.

It should be noted that under the influence of a temperature of 180 degrees during the processing process, all bacteria and fungi that enter the extruder with raw materials are destroyed. At the same time, the minimum duration of such exposure does not reduce the amount of vitamins, amino acids and fats in the feed.

Extruded compositions are especially popular when feeding young pigs. In the process of processing, the feed acquires a special taste and aroma, which increase the appetite of animals. At the same time, the changed structure does not require separate energy consumption for food processing.

Features of feeding

Extruded feed can be made from any grain, but barley, corn, wheat or peas are the most suitable options for pigs. At the same time, in order to fill the animal's need for minerals, in addition to the grain mass, bone meat or fish meal and fodder yeast are also added to the extruder. The processed composition is freely stored for 5-6 months, so it can be harvested at a time in large volumes.

As for the norms for feeding the farm with extrudate, they are formed on the basis of the farm owner's own observations. In the diet of an adult boar, extruded feed should occupy at least 70%. At the same time, if after a certain period of feeding it became noticeable that such a mixture remains in the feeder, its daily volume is reduced.

When feeding sows, extruded feed in the diet is only 50%. If the uterus is also pregnant, it is better to abandon the extrudate and provide her with a sufficient amount of green and succulent feed.

As for piglets, more accurate calculations are needed here. For an individual weighing up to 40 kg, the daily rate of processed grain is 1.5 kg. In the future, with each weight gain of 10 kg, another 100 g of extrudate is added to the total daily allowance. You can feed young piglets with such a mixture no earlier than two weeks after the first feeding. Moreover, it is worth starting with a minimum amount and increasing it within 30 days to a full-fledged norm. Increasing the percentage of the mixture is carried out every 3 days. In the process, it should be borne in mind that when feeding piglets with extruded compositions, it is best to take wheat or barley as the basis for them.

Feeding pigs with a processed grain base feed is a dry type of fattening. Accordingly, it assumes the constant presence of a large amount of clean water in the drinkers.

It should be noted that extruded feed is the main part of the diet only in winter period. At the same time, they are supplemented with silage or root crops. AT summer time and in the spring, the extrudate in the diet is preserved in a small amount, and the basis is grass and vegetables.

Production technology

The production of feed by extrusion is carried out at the expense of a special unit - an extruder. Until recently, such equipment was used only at large grain and waste processing enterprises. Today you can find various versions of extruders for home use.

How is the processing of raw materials? A special screw is placed inside the elongated body of such a device. It is he who acts as the main working body of the equipment. The production of feed itself takes place in the following stages:

All components are loaded into the receiver. In this case, the screw element carries them to the compression chambers.
In the compression chambers, the screw blades press the grain mass against the walls with a force of 50 MPa. High pressure provokes a sharp increase in the temperature of the crushed raw materials up to 180 degrees. As a result, all complex nutrients partially break down into simpler forms.
Immediately after the heat treatment, the still hot extrudate is pushed further by the screw. In the absence of external pressure, vapors of the evaporated liquid are released from the resulting mass, and a kind of explosion of the raw material structure occurs. As a result, the final breakdown of polysaccharides and other substances into easily digestible components is realized.

Such water hammer leads to the formation of large pores in the dense structure of the raw material. Due to this, the initial volume of the forage mass increases by 7 times.

Important! In general, the production procedure is identical for any composition of the components, but the recipe itself may differ depending on which animals are planned to be fed and what the purpose of fattening is.

Feed extruder: start-up and preparation for work

As already noted, all extruders are divided into industrial models and devices for home use. At the same time, the second type, although quite simple to use, still implies the observance of certain points at the initial stages of use. All work on launching and checking the device fits into the following algorithm:

Before turning on the equipment for the first time, it is carefully checked. During the inspection, it is necessary to check whether there is enough oil in the moving mechanisms of the device (grease is poured into special grease fittings on the body). Next, the degree of tightening of the bolts and fasteners is examined, as well as the correct connection of the unit to the electrical network.
After checking, the nut located at the end of the device body is tightened to the stop. After its maximum tightening, it is again released one turn.
The extruder is switched on and heated up. To warm up, grain is gradually poured onto the receiver manually. The extruded feed comes out of the nozzle with a certain percentage of whole grains. In this case, it is necessary to tighten the nut on the nozzle until all the grains are processed. Further, in the grain receiving bunker, a special scoop is adjusted, which is responsible for supplying the grain mass to the auger. The supply must be such that the device does not experience a strong load.

Sometimes when buying equipment, especially from hands, careful grinding of the inside of the device case is required. In this case, a special mixture is prepared, which includes:

Fine sand.
Cereal bran.
50 ml sunflower oil.

All components are thoroughly mixed. After mixing, 2 kg of such a composition is sent to the hopper of a heated extruder. In this case, the nut from the edge of the nozzle is completely twisted. This composition allows you to quickly grind the device to its original appearance.

Advantages of a feed extruder

According to the results of numerous studies, it was found that combinations of extrudate with conventional feed, compared with a pure product, provide more intensive growth and development of pigs. This type of compound feed differs from other options by a whole list of advantages:

It is quickly absorbed by the digestive system of animals. The porous structure of simple carbohydrates and sugars is 90% absorbed into the blood. Due to this, the growth of piglets is significantly enhanced.
The digestion of such food does not require special energy consumption. The main part of the energy during digestion in pigs is directed to the processing of hard shells of grain. There are no such shells in the exrudate, which means that all the energy goes to the development of tissues and vital processes of the animal organism.
The extruded mixtures are completely free of pathogenic microorganisms. All disease-causing particles die under the influence of high temperature. This factor is especially important when feeding offspring, in which the digestive system is not yet set up to fight diseases and disorders of the body.
Various combinations of grain base and mineral complexes can achieve the optimal balance of trace elements and vitamins. As a result, such a mixture will fully satisfy the needs of the animal.
The food has a high taste and aromatic properties. Absolutely all pets and birds eat this mixture with pleasure. Even cats and dogs do not disdain her. The extruded feed mix stimulates the appetite of the pigs, which increases their growth.

It is also worth noting that home-made extruders are extremely easy to use. This, in turn, significantly reduces the time and effort required for feed production. In addition, the purchase of such equipment quickly pays for itself by increasing the productivity of the economy.

Conclusion

Proper diet is the key to good health, rapid growth and increase in the number of pets. Therefore, breeders in large farms are constantly looking for ways to diversify the feeding of pigs and make it more efficient. And, it should be noted that extruded food is quite a significant step in this direction.

One of the simplest and effective ways increasing the nutritional value of grain feed is extrusion. Its essence lies in the fact that the grain is subjected to short-term, but very intense mechanical and barothermic effects due to high temperature (150-180 ° C), pressure (about 50 atm.) And shear forces in the screw working bodies of the extruder, as a result of which the structural-mechanical and chemical composition of the feedstock. Complex structures Proteins and carbohydrates break down into simpler ones, fiber - into secondary sugar, starch - into simple sugars. Behind a short time processing of raw materials, the protein does not have time to coagulate. The resulting food retains all vitamins and physiologically active substances, and bacteria, infectious bacilli and molds are destroyed. Starch partially turns into sucrose. Toxic materials decompose into inactive materials and cease to be dangerous. Due to a sharp drop in pressure when the heated grain mass exits, an “explosion” (volume increase) of the product occurs, which makes it more accessible to the action of animal stomach enzymes and dramatically increases its digestibility.

The inclusion of extruded feed in the diets of fattening cattle increases the productivity of animals by an average of 20 ... 25% while reducing the cost of dry matter, metabolic energy and concentrates per 1 kg of live weight gain within 15 ... 20%. Replacing 2.0 kg of compound feed in the diets of cows with a similar amount of prepared feed contributed to an increase in daily milk yield up to 18% and a 17 ... 22% reduction in the cost of dry matter, metabolic energy, crude protein and compound feed per 1 kg of milk. Extruding cereal grains (corn, barley, triticale, etc.) in pig breeding reduces the cost of growing piglets by 30-40%. and allows you to significantly (30-60%) reduce the use of dairy feed and protein sources of microbiological and animal origin.

The purpose of our research was to study and compare the chemical composition and nutritional value of grain feed before and after extrusion carried out at LLC PKF Planet Health-63.

Conditions, materials and methods. The object of research was a grain mixture in the composition of wheat - 40%, oats - 35%, chickpeas - 25% and ready-made feed obtained on a production line using a vegetable feed extruder KMZ-2U. Analyzes of the test material were carried out in an accredited testing laboratory for agrochemical services for agricultural production at Samara State Agricultural Academy using an infrared analyzer IK 4500 according to generally accepted methods and GOSTs.

Results and discussions. Our analyzes of the grain mixture and the finished feed showed that as a result of extrusion, a significant change in the chemical composition of the product occurs (Table 1). Thus, from 16.57 to 17.14% (or by 3.4%), the concentration of crude protein, one of the main indicators limiting the productivity of animals, increases. It is known that the lack of even 1% of feed protein in the diet of livestock leads to an overrun of 2.0 ... 3.5% of feed and an increase in the cost of production by 4.0 ... 5.0%. At the same time, not only the amount of protein increases, but also its physiological value increases by increasing the concentration of the main essential amino acids. Studies have shown that after extrusion, the amount of lysine of one of the most deficient amino acids increases - by 112% from 5.82% to 6.56%, glycine - by 141% from 4.31% to 6.09%, cystine - by 70% from 1.17% to 2.00%, tryptophan - by 26.5%, methionine and aspartic acid by 3.7% and 3.6%, respectively.

Table 1. Results and comparison chemical analysis fodder.

Indicators	unit of measurement	The chemical composition of the grain mixture
Indicators	unit of measurement	up to the extruder	after extruder
Crude protein	%	16,57	17,14
crude fiber	%	3,94	3,20
crude fat	%	2,27	2,32
Dry matter	%	87,71	87,06
raw ash	%	2,42	2,17
BEV	%	63,16	61,69
Sugar	%	2,50	3,16
Exchange Energy	MJ	11,99	12,0
feed units		1,16	1,17
Amino acids
Lysine	g/kg	5,82	6,56
Methionine	g/kg	1,85	1,92
cystine	g/kg	1,17	2,00
tryptophan	g/kg	0,94	1,19
Aspartic acid	g/kg	9,11	9,44
Threonine	g/kg	4,99	4,14
Serene	g/kg	5,56	4,82
Glutamic acid	g/kg	30,07	27,02
Proline	g/kg	10,90	9,23
Glycine	g/kg	4,31	6,09
Alanine	g/kg	5,02	5,13
Valine	g/kg	5,58	5,06

The analyzes showed that the finished feed contains 11.5% less nitrogen-free extractive substances (NES), which are mainly represented by poorly digestible starch and 26.4% more sugar readily available to the animal body. An increase in sugar in grain feed (from 2.50% to 3.16%) will make it possible to more fully balance livestock rations in terms of sugar - protein ratio, which is especially important for farms that do not have plantations of fodder root crops.

During extrusion, the grain mass is enriched with crude fat by 2.2% - the most concentrated source of energy: when burning 1 g of fat, an average of 38.0 kJ of heat is released, which is 2.2 times more than when burning similar amount carbohydrates. The volume of fiber is reduced by 2.3%, the basis of which is cellulose, hemicellulose and encrusting substances of cell walls (legnin, cutin, suberin), that is, the least valuable part of the feed.

After extrusion, the feed mass acquires pleasant organoleptic qualities, which certainly contributes to its palatability.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that during the extrusion of feed, some loss (up to 11.5%) of ash elements occurs, the volume of individual essential amino acids decreases: proline - by 18.0%, threonine - by 20.5%, serine - by 15, 3%, glutamic acid - by 11.2%.

Conclusion. Based on the results of laboratory studies, it can be concluded that the extrusion of grain feed will significantly reduce the deficiency of digestible protein and other nutrients in livestock diets, and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of feed energy use.

Literature:

Sokolova O.Ya. Effect of extruded feed on metabolism heavy metals and productivity of laying hens /O.Ya. Sokolova // Dis. cand. biological sciences. - Orenburg, - 2006. - 136 p.
Buzoverov S. Yu. Influence of extrusion and chemical method of "protection" of feed protein on the metabolism and productivity of lactating cows / S. Yu. Buzoverov // Dis. cand. agricultural sciences. - Krasnoyarsk, - 2008. - 199 p.
Parakhin N.V. Feed production /N.V. Parakhin, I.V. Kobzev, I.V. Gorbachev and others / - M .: Kolos, - 2006. - 432 p.

N.M. Trots, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Plant Protection;
T.V. Bikeyeva, post-graduate student, Samara State Agricultural Academy, Russia, Kinel-4;
A.I. Putintsev, director of LLC PKF Planet Health-63, Togliatti.

Pig breeding and raising pigs at home is an interesting and profitable undertaking. But the productivity of these animals is greatly influenced by food and conditions of detention. The pig can be called the only animal whose weight growth in the first six months of life is up to seventy percent of the feed consumed.

Proper and balanced feed affects more than just pig growth and weight gain. In order for the animal to have immunity and be able to resist diseases, premixes, minerals and vitamins of groups A, B and D must necessarily be reduced to the composition of its feed. This is especially important during a period when there is an intensive growth of bones.

The correct composition of feed for a pig is very different from what is included in the diet of other animals. The structure of the stomach of a pig is very similar to that of a human, so they must necessarily eat fats and carbohydrates, but the protein component is the basis of the feed. A piglet fed a high fiber diet may not be well absorbed by the body, which means that the animal will lose weight or require more food, which means that feed costs will increase. That is why pigs eat special feed, which includes a lot of protein and a small amount of fiber. In addition, these animals simply need salt, as well as vitamin B, which contributes to better absorption of food.

Recently, extruded food has become very popular. The technology of its production makes it possible to significantly increase the level of carbohydrates, which five times increases the mass of products that remain in the body of the pig after the breakdown of starch. Thus, the cost of a pig is reduced by thirty percent. On the this moment such feed is the basis for raising a pig, it is easily digestible and completely sterile, while the cost of its purchase or production is relatively low.

called extrusion modern method processing of plants, straw and grain crops. The components undergo special filters and heat treatment, and the output is a useful feed product. Thanks to heat treatment everything that can harm the animal disappears. Such feed is a completely new word in animal husbandry, while the price of the product is quite democratic.

The benefits of food include:

product digestibility (almost 90%);
sterility after heat treatment;
positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract of the pig;
duration of food storage;
balanced diet;
good palatability.

The products that make up the extruded feed are relatively inexpensive, so the feed itself has low price. It contributes to the increase in live weight, while saving money on the purchase of feed. It is important that animals fed extruded feed have constant access to water, especially during the summer.

In principle, the composition of such feed already includes all the components necessary for active growth. At home, such food can be made independently, if there is a special apparatus - a feed extruder. It is made from grain with the addition of various premixes. Pigs mainly feed on oats, wheat, corn, peas and barley. It is also necessary to add bone meal and yeast.

Feeding a pig should be appropriate for its age characteristics. For novice farmers, a table will come to the rescue, which can be compiled independently or taken as a basis for the observation of experienced livestock breeders. The amount of extruded feed should be no more than 70% of the animal's total daily ration. For example, when compiling a boar's diet, the intensity of weight gain is taken into account. If food remains in the feeder, it is recommended to reduce its amount. Boars are best fed industrial production, because they are completely absorbed by the body and do not affect the taste of fat.

The diet of pregnant queens should be more thoughtful and balanced. They should not consume more than half of their total daily ration of extruded food. During the gestation period, the queens should be fed with juicy feed - grass, vegetables and fresh grain.

The season has a great influence on the construction of the pig's diet. In spring and summer most the diet should consist of vegetables and herbs, especially if the animals do not have access to free range. But in winter time extruded feed becomes the basis of the diet. During this period, one pig, on average, accounts for one and a half kilograms of feed per day. And yet, do not forget about vegetables, pigs should eat beets, potatoes and silage every day.

An approximate table of fattening pigs on extruded feed suggests that piglets weighing up to thirty kilograms eat one and a half kilograms of feed per day, individuals up to fifty kilograms - 1.8 kilograms of feed, and large pigs weighing over fifty - two or more kilograms of feed .

Extruded feeds should be combined with succulent ones, and the ratio depends on the season, the age of the animal and other features.

Feeding small piglets with extruded feed begins in the second week from the start of complementary foods. At the beginning, part of such feed is no more than 10-12% of the total daily weight. Already in the first days, the feed gives its results, you can increase its amount every three days. A month later, the norm of extruded feed reaches the adult mark. The amount of such feed should correspond to 10% of total weight pigs. It is believed that for greater productivity, the feed should include less corn and more barley and wheat.

For home production extruded feed will require a feed extruder. This is a special device into which any grain is fed, even a little spoiled, and the output is a nutritious and healthy diet. The grain in the extruder is processed under high pressure, which is equal to sixty atmospheres, and at a high temperature, equal to 1600 degrees Celsius. After processing, a product is obtained in the form of a stick, the length of which is approximately two to three centimeters. These devices come in various capacities, it all depends on the size of the farm and the number of pigs.

Many feeds are prepared on their own, you need to steam and boil the grain well. But such production cannot be waste-free, and feed will not be fully assimilated. With the help of an extruder, you can significantly reduce costs.

It happens that the purchase of such a unit is not affordable, and some farmers make them with their own hands. To decide on such an experiment, you must at least know the device and the composition of the extruder.

The feed extruder produces a product that smells like bread. Compared to other combined feeds, it has a high palatability. During the production process, the sticks become integral in their structure, while the starch is split as much as possible and divided into sugar and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed by the pig's body. This is very important, because the grain itself is half starch, which is poorly digested. In the production of extruded feed, the output is sweetish-tasting sticks, from 7 to 9% moisture, weighing about 150 grams per square decimeter. The sugar content is influenced by the composition of the feed, for example, the corn base of the feed provides 12% sugar. The low moisture content of the finished product makes it possible to store it for five months.

Features of the feed extruder:

processing grain under high pressure;
change in chemical composition;
water hammer of the final product.

The auger, which comes with the machine, heats up and compresses the grain mixture in two seconds. Record-breaking fast heat treatment makes it possible to preserve the maximum amount of vitamins and minerals in cultures. After that, the grain is thrown into the atmosphere and the steam breaks it from the inside, thereby increasing the initial volume several times.

Thus, the grain becomes not only more nutritious. Heat treatment kills all fungi and microorganisms that can harm the pig. The toxins contained in the grain are also neutralized.

The feed extruder is a fairly easy-to-use device, the main thing is to follow all safety precautions. Extruded feed is an environmentally friendly and healthy product for the pig, it is in demand among private pig breeders and large enterprises. Minimum costs, which accompany extruded feed feeding, return a good profit in the form of a healthy pig population.

There are two ways to use the extruded feed machine. Can be produced for own use and fattening their animals, or you can produce it for subsequent sale. Both of these paths are quite profitable.

Most private farmers still prefer to purchase a device in order to feed their livestock. All subsequent sales will also require the cost of packaging materials.

Observations have shown that feeding a pig with extruded feed increases the average daily gain by an average of one and a half to two kilograms. Animals perfectly eat food, thanks to their taste. The composition of the feed includes only natural grain products, the efficiency of which is increased due to the complete assimilation.

The simplest recipe, recommended by experienced farmers, involves mixing two buckets of barley, half a bucket of wheat and grass flour, one third of a bucket of corn and three hundred grams of cake. All components are mixed and processed using an extruder.

You can also take as a basis the recipes of professional combined feeds. Thus, fiber, barley, corn and wheat are mixed in approximately equal amounts - 20-25% of the total mass. Another 5% is sunflower meal. For adults, the amount of barley can be half the total weight of the products.

Before starting the machine, you need to make sure that it is properly connected to the network and that all bolts are tightened. You also need to make sure that the friction units are lubricated, there are oilers on the body, opposite which there are holes. If oil comes out of the holes, then there is enough oil.

Next, it is worth clamping the die to the limit and turn it once in reverse side. The feed extruder can be started. It will take him some time to warm up. Grain should be filled in gradually so as not to overload the unit, while you need to monitor the nozzle from which the finished product will come out. As long as the apparatus is not too hot, the extrudate will come out in a thick bundle, in which unbroken grains can be seen. As the extruder heats up, the tow will become thinner. The die must be clamped until unbroken grains are no longer visible in the extrudate. After that, the device can be opened and the grain supply can be adjusted.

It is important to correctly adjust the proportions of the supplied raw materials, otherwise the machine may stop due to overheating. In this case, the sleeves are often clogged with hot grain. If the extruder is difficult to start, then the inside of it can be sanded. To do this, you can remove the spinneret and slowly pour fine sand into the nozzle, mixed with bran and adding a small amount sunflower oil.

It is worth noting that pig breeding has been a leader in the livestock market and the production of meat products for many years. This is a profitable and quite interesting event. And the advent of extruded feed has made the process of raising these animals even more cost-effective.

Extruded feeds have a number of advantages over traditional, crushed feed mixtures used for feeding farm animals, poultry, etc.

Extrusion includes several processes: heat treatment under pressure up to 40 atmospheres, mechanochemical deformation and “explosion” of the product when the granules exit the extruder die.

After extrusion processing, the consumer properties of the feed are improved, since various aromatic substances are formed, the activity of enzymes increases significantly, which improves digestibility. Starch is broken down into dextrins and sugars, proteins are denatured. Since the extrusion process takes place at a high temperature (130-150 gr. C), the amount of toxins and other anti-nutritional substances is significantly reduced. At the same time, the impact of high temperatures and pressure on the feed is reduced to a possible minimum and is 4-6 seconds. In such a short time, vitamins and microelements are not destroyed.

The feed extrusion process consists in processing the mixture in the working body at pressure and temperature. Granules 4-8 mm in diameter and 1-3 cm long (PHOTO) come out of the exit device - the matrix, with a moisture content of 5-7%. The granules are ready for feeding. If necessary, the granules are crushed on a disk grinder into grains, for example, for feed for small birds, fish fry, etc.

To illustrate the impact on processed feed, we present comparative characteristics carbohydrate composition of the main grain ingredients, before and after extrusion, in % of dry matter.

As we can see from the research data, after extrusion processing, the nutritional value of the feed almost doubles. During the extrusion processing of feed mixtures, part of the work of the animal's stomach is performed by the extruder and, accordingly, the energy of the feed is completely spent on the structure of the animal's body. This undoubtedly affects the economy, especially if the farm is experiencing a shortage of feed. The economic result of raising farm animals is improved.

Undoubtedly, extruded feeds are indispensable for rearing young farm animals. Any livestock specialist will confirm that 90% of the death of young animals is due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, or infections introduced through the digestive system along with the feed. In our case, this probability is minimal, since the food is sterile. When feeding young animals with extruded granules, the death of animals from gastrointestinal diseases is reduced by 1.5-2 times. When switching to roughage, animals in early age not exhausted by intestinal diseases, significantly outstrips his peers in growth.

From observations of animals, especially piglets, experts are well aware of how much feed they throw out of the feeder into the litter when feeding with their heels, and this is 10-15% of the total feed. When feeding with extruded granules, this does not happen, since the animals do not burrow into the feed, but eat from the surface of the feeder.

When distributing extruded granules, the dust content of the premises is reduced, which means cleanliness and sterility. Increased feed safety. There is no effect of self-sorting of the feed mixture. Extended service life technological equipment. And it's all about saving money.

The extrudate has good absorbent properties, therefore, in addition to feeding properties, it has a preventive effect in case of gastrointestinal disorders.

When fed with extruded FISH pellets, the feed intake reaches 100%. The reason is that the pellets are not compressed, only by pressure. In the process of extrusion in the working body, due to the friction of the particles of the feed mixture, a high temperature and pressure briefly arise, due to which the starch in the feed mixture melts. When the product exits the matrix, there is an instantaneous release of pressure and a decrease in temperature. The granule "hardens" and a light, foamy, structural, porous mass, cylindrical in shape, is obtained. When immersed in the input, the extruded granule does not disintegrate, but swells, forming some jelly-like lumps in the water. This time is enough for the fish to eat completely. Usually a compressed granule breaks up into small particles within a fairly short time and settles to the bottom of the reservoir.

Poultry farming is one of the main sectors in agriculture, the development of which should be given as much attention as possible, since this industry provides the population with animal protein. Currently, poultry farmers face two challenges - to improve the productivity and length of the reproductive period of birds. To do this, they need to provide a complete diet that includes all the important trace elements.

Applications and advantages of extruded feed

For the development of the industry, it is necessary to use non-traditional feed, as there is currently a shortage of basic raw materials, which would include protein. Not so long ago, experts found that extruded feed in the poultry industry is a way to improve the development of livestock production.

As practice shows, extrusion has an excellent effect on the properties of the feed, ensuring its easy digestibility. That is, such food will benefit the animal much faster, ensure its rapid growth and development. For example, if the digestibility of crushed wheat is 70%, then extruded wheat is 85%. Externally, extruded feed in poultry farming looks like granules that contain several products at once, that is, such feed is more complete.

Such feeds are used in various areas of animal husbandry, they are especially in demand for feeding birds, pigs and dairy calves. The popularity and demand for extruded feed is driven by rising prices for livestock products.

Extruded feeds have many advantages, among which are the following:

Easy transportation and convenient, long-term storage;

The food is easily digested;

It contains all the vital components that are collected in optimal proportions and in small quantities;

With this treatment, all harmful substances that can produce toxins or infect the bird with a fungus are destroyed.

When feeding birds with extruded feed, its productivity increases significantly. In particular, the number and size of eggs increase by about 20%, while feed consumption is reduced by 30%, and the death of birds from stomach diseases is reduced by almost 15%.

Technology for the production of extruded feed in the poultry industry

The essence of this technology is to obtain a product by melting and forcing the material through a special hole. For production, special equipment is used - extruders. In these devices, products are subjected to high pressures.

It is possible to provide even greater savings in grain production by adding husks, straw or reeds to the feed. At present, all developed countries agriculture carry out the manufacture of extruded feed for poultry farming. This allows you to increase the productivity of birds, and also contributes to their rapid growth. With this processing of grain, its nutritional value increases significantly.

In the process of making feed, it is completely disinfected, that is, the birds get sick many times less. The feed material is subjected to short but intense mechanical, thermal and high pressure effects. The feed is processed at a temperature of 110 degrees, subjected to a pressure of 50 atm. After that, there is a mechanical effect on the product, as a result of which its chemical and physical structure changes.

At the exit of the extruder, the feed is subjected to a sharp pressure drop, after which the mass greatly increases in size. The food becomes more digestible and nutritious. Now, to feed the bird, you need significantly less product.

That is, during the extrusion process, vitamins and minerals are preserved, and harmful bacteria are completely burned out. The process allows the processing of any grain, the quality of the result is not affected by the moisture content of the grain, its contamination with other crops. Even old grain that smells like ammonia can be turned into a complete, quality bird food.

Since half of the feed is already digested when the grain is extruded, it will be easier for the bird's stomach to cope with the rest. The energy of the consumed feed is completely spent on the construction and maintenance of the bird's body.

Another important advantage of extruded feed in the poultry industry is that it has a lower cost. The reason for this is that straw or reeds are added to the grain, which are not consumed in their pure form by birds - these substances cannot be digested and do not bring any benefit to the body. Vegetable residues, needles, grain mixtures and peas can also be used for extrusion.