The release value is the reciprocal of the release cycle. Terms and definitions Time of release of products

For the conditions of serial and small-scale production, the annual program for the release of the product is not carried out all at once, but is divided into batches. Lot of details- this is the number of parts that are simultaneously launched into production. The breakdown into batches is explained by the fact that the customer often does not need the entire annual program at once, but needs a uniform flow of ordered products. Another factor is the reduction of work in progress: if it is necessary to assemble, for example, 1000 gearboxes, then the production of 1000 shafts No. 1 will not allow to assemble a single gearbox until at least one set is available.

The batch size of parts affects:

1. on process performance and his cost price due to the share of preparatory and final work time (T p.z.) for one product

t piece-to. = t pcs + T p.z. / n , (8.1)

where t piece-to. - piece-calculation time for a technological operation; t pcs - piece time for a technological operation; n- lot size of parts. The larger the batch size, the less piece-calculation time for the technological operation.

Preparatory-final time (T p.z.) - this is the time to perform work to prepare for the processing of parts at the workplace. This time includes:

1. time to receive a task from the foreman of the site (operational map with a sketch of the part and a description of the processing sequence);

2. time to get acquainted with the task;

3. time to get the necessary cutting and measuring tools, technological equipment (for example, a three-jaw self-centering or four-jaw non-self-centering chuck, a drilling chuck, a rigid or rotating center, a fixed or movable steady rest, a collet chuck with a set of collets, etc.) in the tool room pantry;

4. time for the delivery of the required blanks to the workplace (with non-centralized delivery of blanks);

5. time to install the required devices on the machine and align them;

6. time to install the required cutting tools on the machine, adjust to the required dimensions when processing two to three test parts (when processing a batch of parts);

7. time for the delivery of processed parts;

8. time for cleaning the machine from chips;

9. time to remove attachments and cutting tools from the machine (if not used in the next work shift);

10. time to check in fixtures, cutting and measuring tools (which will not be used on the next work shift) in the tool pantry.

Typically, the preparatory and final time is from 10 to 40 minutes, depending on the accuracy and complexity of processing, the complexity of aligning fixtures and adjusting to dimensions.

2. For the area of ​​the workshop: The larger the batch, the more storage space is required.

3. On product cost through unfinished production: the larger the batch, the larger the work in progress, the higher the cost of production. The greater the cost of materials and semi-finished products, the greater the impact of work in progress on the cost of production.

The batch size of parts is calculated by the formula

n = N´ f/F , (8.2)

where n– batch size of parts, pcs.; N- the annual program for the manufacture of all parts of all groups, pieces; F- the number of working days in a year; f- the number of days of stock to store parts before assembly.

In this way, N/F– daily release program, pcs. Number of days of stock to hold parts before assembly f= 2…12. The larger the size of the part (more space required for storage), the more expensive the material and manufacturing (more money required, more to give back on loans), the less the number of days of stock to store parts before assembly is set ( f= 2..5). On practice f= 0.5…60 days.

In-line production is characterized by a start-up cycle and an exhaust cycle.

t h =F d m/N zap, (8.3)

where t h - start cycle, F d m- the actual fund of equipment time for the corresponding shift work m, N zap - a program for launching blanks.

The release cycle is defined in the same way.

t in =F d m/N vyp, (8.4)

where N issue - program for the release of parts.

Due to the inevitable appearance of defects (between 0.05% and 3%), the launch program should be larger than the release program by an appropriate proportion.

GOST 14.004-83

Group T00

INTERSTATE STANDARD

TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION

Terms and definitions of basic concepts

Technological preparation of production. Terms and definitions of basic concepts

MKS 01.040.03
01.100.50
OKSTU 0003

Introduction date 1983-07-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of 09.02.83 N 714

3. This standard complies with ST SEV 2521-80 in terms of paragraphs 1-3, 8-11, 13, 15, 20-24, 28-36, 40, 43, 50

4. REPLACE GOST 14.004-74

5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

	Item number
	Introduction, 35-39, 44, 45
	Introduction, 48, 49
	Introduction, 17

6. EDITION (February 2009) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in February 1987, August 1988 (IUS 5-87, 12-88)


This standard establishes applied in science, technology and production * products of mechanical engineering and instrumentation.
________________
* Including repair.


The terms established by the standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation, scientific and technical, educational and reference literature.

Items 1-3, 8-11, 13, 15, 20-24, 28-36, 40, 43, 50 of this standard correspond to ST SEV 2521-80.

This standard should be used in conjunction with GOST 3.1109, GOST 23004 and GOST 27782.

There is one standardized term for each concept. The use of terms - synonyms of the standardized term is prohibited. Synonyms that are not allowed for use are given as reference and are designated "Ndp".

For individual standardized terms in the standard, short forms are given as reference, which are allowed to be used in cases that exclude the possibility of their different interpretation.

The established definitions can, if necessary, be changed in the form of presentation, without violating the boundaries of concepts.

The standard contains an alphabetical index of the terms contained in it and an appendix containing the terms and definitions of the scope of work and characteristics of the management of the CCI.

The standardized terms are in bold type and are short form- light, and invalid synonyms - in italics.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION

Term	Definition
GENERAL CONCEPTS
1. Technological preparation of production	A set of measures that ensure the technological readiness of production
2. Technological readiness of production Technological readiness	Availability at the enterprise of complete sets of design and technological documentation and technological equipment necessary for the implementation of a given volume of output with established technical and economic indicators
3. one system technological preparation of production	The system of organization and management of technological preparation of production, regulated state standards
4. Branch system of technological preparation of production	The system of organization and management of technological preparation, established by industry standards, developed in accordance with state standards ESTPP
5.	The system for organizing and managing the technological preparation of production, established by the regulatory and technical documentation of the enterprise in accordance with state standards ESTPP and industry standards
COMPONENTS, PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION
CCI function	A set of tasks for the technological preparation of production, united by a common goal of their solution
The task of the CCI	Completed part of the work as part of a specific function of technological preparation of production
Organization of the CCI	Formation of the structure of technological preparation of production and preparation of information, mathematical and technical support necessary to perform the functions of technological preparation of production
Office of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry	A set of actions to ensure the functioning of the technological preparation of production
CCI term	The time interval from the beginning to the end of the technological preparation of the production of the product
ENGINEERING PRODUCTION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
11. Machine-building production	Production with the predominant use of mechanical engineering technology methods in the production of products

12. Production structure	The composition of the shops and services of the enterprise, indicating the links between them
13. Production area	A group of jobs organized according to the principles: subject, technological or subject-technological

14. Shop	Set of production sites
15. Workplace	The elementary unit of the structure of the enterprise, where the performers of the work are located, serviced technological equipment, part of the conveyor, for a limited time tooling and objects of labor. Note. The definition of the workplace is given in relation to engineering production. The definition of the workplace used in other sectors of the national economy is established by GOST 19605
16.	The ratio of the number of all different technological operations performed or to be performed during the month to the number of jobs
17.
18. Type of production	Notes: 1. There are types of production: single, serial, mass
36. release rhythm
37.
38. Technological equipment
39. Technological equipment
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTS OF LABOR

40. Product series	All products manufactured according to design and technological documentation without changing its designation
41. Product design continuity constructive continuity	The set of product properties characterized by the unity of repeatability in it constituent parts related to products of this classification group, and the applicability of new components, due to its functional purpose
42. Technological continuity of the product Technological continuity	The set of product properties that characterize the unity of applicability and repeatability of technological methods for the implementation of components and their structural elements related to products of this classification group
PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS
43. Manufacturing process	The totality of all the actions of people and tools necessary at a given enterprise for the manufacture and repair of products
44. Technological process
44a. Basic technological process	Technological process of the highest category, taken as the initial one in the development of a specific technological process. Note. The highest category includes technological processes that, in terms of their performance, correspond to the best world and domestic achievements or surpass them.
45. Technological operation
46. Technological route	The sequence of passage of the workpiece of a part or assembly unit through the shops and production sites of the enterprise when performing the technological process of manufacturing or repair. Note. There are intershop and intrashop technological routes
47. rassehovka	Development of intershop technological routes for all components of the product
48.
49.
50. technological discipline	Compliance with the exact compliance of the technological process of manufacturing or repairing the product with the requirements of technological and design documentation

INDEX OF TERMS

Process Automation
Type of production
Readiness of production technological
Technological readiness
Discipline technological
The task of technological preparation of production
The task of the CCI
Transaction consolidation ratio
Material utilization rate
Technological route
Production scale
Place of work
Mechanization of the technological process
Production capacity
Technological equipment
Issue volume
Output volume
Technological operation
Organization of technological preparation of production
Organization of the CCI
Technological equipment
production batch
Technological production preparation
Continuity of the product is constructive
Constructive continuity
Product continuity technological
Technological continuity
Release program
Product release program
Auxiliary production
Group production
Single production
Individual production
Tool production
Mass production
Engineering production
Pilot production
Main production
Line production
Serial production
Production steady
Manufacturing process
Technological process
Basic technological process
rassehovka
release rhythm
Product series
The system of technological preparation of production is unified
Industrial production preparation system
The system of technological preparation of production of the enterprise
Technological equipment
Term of technological preparation of production
CCI term
Production structure
Release stroke
Type of production
Management of technological preparation of production
Office of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Production area
Function of technological preparation of production
CCI function
Shop
Production cycle

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

APPENDIX (reference). TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF THE COMPOSITION OF WORK AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CCI

APPENDIX
Reference

Term	Definition
1. Planning of technological preparation of production Chamber of Commerce Planning	Establishment of the nomenclature and values ​​of indicators of technological preparation of production, characterizing the quality of the performance of its functions
2. Accounting for technological preparation of production Accounting for Chamber of Commerce and Industry	Collection and processing of information on the state of technological preparation for the production of a product at a certain point in time
3. Control of technological preparation of production CCI control	Identification of deviations of actual values ​​of indicators of technological preparation of production of a product from planned values ​​of indicators
4. Regulation of technological preparation of production CCI regulation	Making decisions to eliminate deviations in the values ​​of indicators of technological preparation for the production of a product from the planned values ​​of indicators and their implementation
5. Labor intensity of technological preparation of production Labor intensity of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry	Labor costs for the implementation of technological preparation of production from the receipt of initial documents for the development and production of the product until the technological readiness of the enterprise

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Technological preparation system
production:
Collection of national standards. -
M.: Standartinform, 2009

In mechanical engineering, there are three types of industries: mass, serial and single and two working methods: flow and non-flow.

Mass production characterized by a narrow range and a large volume of products produced continuously for a long time. main feature mass production is not only the number of manufactured products, but also the performance at most workplaces of one constantly recurring operation assigned to them.

The release program in mass production makes it possible to narrowly specialize workplaces and locate equipment along the technological process in the form of production lines. The duration of operations at all workplaces is the same or a multiple of time and corresponds to the specified performance.

The release cycle is the time interval through which the release of products is periodically produced. It significantly affects the construction of the technological process, since it is necessary to bring the time of each operation to a time equal to or a multiple of a cycle, which is achieved by appropriately dividing the technological process into operations or duplicating equipment to obtain the required performance.

In order to avoid interruptions in the work of the production line at the workplace, inter-operational stocks (reserves) of blanks or parts are provided. Backlogs ensure the continuity of production in the event of an unforeseen stoppage of individual equipment.

The in-line organization of production provides a significant reduction in the technological cycle, interoperational backlogs and work in progress, the possibility of using high-performance equipment and a sharp reduction in the labor intensity and cost of products, ease of planning and production management, the possibility integrated automation production processes. With flow methods of work, working capital is reduced and the turnover of funds invested in production is significantly increased.

Mass production It is characterized by a limited range of products manufactured in periodically repeated batches and a large output.

In large-scale production, equipment is widely used special purpose and aggregate machines. The equipment is located not according to the types of machine tools, but according to the manufactured items and, in some cases, in accordance with the technological process being performed.

Medium series production occupies an intermediate position between large-scale and small-scale production. Lot size in repetitive production is influenced by annual issue products, the duration of the processing and adjustment of technological equipment. In small-scale production, the batch size is usually several units, in medium-scale production - several tens, in large-scale production - several hundred parts. In electrical engineering and apparatus building, the word "series" has two meanings that should be distinguished: a number of machines of increasing power of the same purpose and the number of machines or devices of the same type simultaneously launched into production. Small-scale production in its technological features is approaching a single one.

Single production characterized by a wide range of manufactured products and a small volume of their output. A characteristic feature of unit production is the implementation of various operations at the workplace. Production of a single production - machines and devices that are manufactured according to separate orders, providing for the implementation special requirements. They also include prototypes.

In unit production, electrical machines and devices of a wide range are produced in relatively small quantities and often in a single copy, so it must be universal and flexible to perform various tasks. In single production, quick-change equipment is used, which allows you to switch from the manufacture of one product to another with minimal loss of time. Such equipment includes machines with program management, computer-controlled automated warehouses, flexible automated cells, sections, etc.

Universal equipment in single production is used only at enterprises built earlier.

Some technological methods that have arisen in mass production are used not only in mass production, but also in single production. This is facilitated by the unification and standardization of products, the specialization of production.

The assembly of electrical machines and apparatus is the final technological process in which individual parts and Assembly units join in ready product. Main organizational forms assemblies are stationary and mobile.

For stationary assembly the product is completely assembled at one workplace. All parts and assemblies required for assembly are delivered to workplace. This assembly is used in single and serial production and is performed in a concentrated or differentiated way. With the concentrated method, the assembly process is not divided into operations and the entire assembly (from beginning to end) is performed by a worker or a team, and with a differentiated method, the assembly process is divided into operations, each of which is performed by a worker or a team.

With mobile assembly the product is moved from one workplace to another. Workplaces are equipped with the necessary assembly tools and fixtures; on each of them, one operation is performed. The movable form of assembly is used in large-scale and mass production and is carried out only in a differentiated way. This form of assembly is more progressive, since it allows assemblers to specialize in certain operations, resulting in increased labor productivity.

During the production process, the assembly object must sequentially move from one workplace to another along the stream (such movement of the assembled product is usually carried out by conveyors). The continuity of the process during in-line assembly is achieved due to the equality or multiplicity of the execution time of operations at all workplaces of the assembly line, i.e., the duration of any assembly operation on the assembly line must be equal to or a multiple of the release cycle.

The assembly cycle on the conveyor is the planning beginning for organizing the work of not only the assembly, but also all the procurement and auxiliary workshops of the plant.

With a wide range and small quantities manufactured products frequent reconfiguration of equipment is required, which reduces its performance. To reduce the complexity of manufactured products in last years on the basis of automated equipment and electronics, flexible automated production systems(GAPS), allowing to manufacture individual parts and products of various designs without reconfiguring the equipment. The number of products manufactured at the GAPS is set during its development.

Depending on the designs and overall dimensions of electrical machines and apparatuses, various technological assembly processes . The choice of the assembly process, the sequence of operations and equipment is determined by the design, output volume and degree of their unification, as well as the specific conditions available at the plant.

Machine-building production is characterized by the volume of output, the program of output, the cycle of output.

Output volume- this is the number of products of certain names, sizes and designs, manufactured or repaired by the enterprise or its division during the planned period of time (month, quarter, year). The volume of output largely determines the principles of construction of the technological process.

Installed for this enterprise a list of manufactured or repaired products indicating the volume of production and deadlines for each item for the planned period of time is called production program .

Release stroke called the time interval through which the release of products or blanks of a certain name, size and design is periodically performed.

Release cycle t, min/pcs, is determined by the formula:

t = 60 F d / N,

where Ф d - the actual fund of time in the planned period (month, day, shift), h; N- manufacturing program for the same period, pcs.

The actual fund of equipment operation time differs from the nominal (calendar) fund of time, since it takes into account the loss of time for equipment repair.

The actual fund of equipment operation, depending on its complexity and the number of days off and holidays, with a 40-hour working week and when working in two shifts in machine-building production, ranges from 3911 to 4029 ... 4070 hours. The fund of working time is about 1820 h.

Depending on the production capacity and marketing opportunities, products are manufactured at the enterprise in various quantities - from single copies to hundreds and thousands of pieces. At the same time, all products manufactured according to design and technological documentation without changing it are called product series .

Depending on the breadth of the range, regularity, stability and output of products, there are three main types of production: single, serial and mass. Each of these types has its own characteristics in the organization of labor and in the structure of production and technological processes.

The type of production is a classification category of production, distinguished on the basis of the breadth of the range, regularity, stability and volume of output. In contrast to the type of production, the type of production is distinguished on the basis of the method used to manufacture the product. Examples of types of production are foundry, welding, mechanical assembly, etc.

One of the main characteristics of the type of production is transaction consolidation ratio To z.o., which is the ratio of the number of all various technological operations O, performed or to be performed within a month, to the number of jobs P:

With the expansion of the range of manufactured products and a decrease in their number, the value of this coefficient increases.

Single production characterized by a small volume of production of identical products, re-manufacturing and repair of which, as a rule, is not provided. At the same time, the technological process of manufacturing products either does not repeat at all, or repeats at indefinite intervals. Individual production includes, for example, large hydro turbines, rolling mills, equipment for chemical and metallurgical plants, unique metal cutting machines, prototypes of machines in various branches of engineering, etc.

Single production technology is characterized by the use of universal metal-cutting equipment, which is usually located in workshops on a group basis, i.e. with a breakdown into sections of turning, milling, grinding machines, etc. Processing is carried out with a standard cutting tool, and control is carried out with a universal measuring tool. A characteristic feature of unit production is the concentration of various operations in the workplace. At the same time, workpieces of various designs and from various materials are often completely processed on one machine. Due to the need for frequent reconfiguration and adjustment of the machine to perform a new operation, the share of the main (technological) time in the overall structure of the norm of time for processing is relatively small.

Distinctive features unit production determine relatively low labor productivity and high cost of manufactured products.

Mass production characterized by the manufacture or repair of products in periodic batches. In serial production, products of the same name or of the same type in design are manufactured according to the drawings worked out for manufacturability. Mass-produced products are machines of an established type, produced in significant quantities. These products include, for example, machine tools, internal combustion engines, pumps, compressors, equipment for Food Industry and etc.

Serial production is the most common in general and medium engineering. In serial production, along with universal, special equipment, automatic and semi-automatic machines, special cutting tools, special measuring instruments and fixtures.

In mass production, the average qualification of workers is usually lower than in single production.

Depending on the number of products in a batch or series and the value of the coefficient of fixing operations, there are small-batch, medium-batch and large-batch production . Such a division is rather conditional for various branches of engineering, since with the same number of machines in a series, but of different sizes, complexity and labor intensity, production can be attributed to different types. The conditional boundary between the varieties of mass production according to GOST 3.1108-74 is the value of the coefficient of consolidation of operations K z.o. : for small batch production 20< К з.о < 40, для среднесерийного – 10 < К з.о < 20, а для крупносерийного – 1 < К з.о < 10.

In small-scale production, close to single-piece, the equipment is located mainly by the types of machine tools - a section of lathes, a section of milling machines, etc. Machine tools can also be located along the technological process, if the processing is carried out according to the group technological process. Mainly universal means of technological equipment are used. The size of the production lot is usually several units. At the same time, it is customary to call a production batch objects of labor of the same name and size, launched for processing within a certain time interval, with the same preparatory and final time for the operation.

At the initial stage of development of the technological process machining the size of the batch of parts can be determined by the following simplified formula:

where N is the number of parts of the same name and size according to the annual program for the production of products;

t is the required stock of parts in stock in days; for large parts t=2…3 days; for average t=5 days; for small parts and tools t=10…30 days;

Ф - the number of working days in a year, is taken equal to 305 days with one day off and a working day of 7 hours. and 253 days with two days of rest and a working day of 8 hours.

Conventionally, parts weighing up to 2 kg can be classified as small (or light), parts weighing from 2 to 8 kg can be classified as medium, and over 8 kg can be classified as large (or heavy).

In medium-batch production, commonly referred to as serial production, equipment is arranged in accordance with the sequence of stages in the processing of workpieces. Each piece of equipment is usually assigned to several technological operations, and there is a need to reconfigure the equipment. The size of the production batch ranges from several tens to hundreds of parts.

In high-volume production, close to mass production, equipment is usually located in the sequence of the technological process for one or more parts that require the same machining process. With an insufficiently large program for the production of products, it is advisable to process blanks in batches, with sequential execution of operations, i.e. after processing all the batch blanks in one operation, this batch is processed in the next operation. The workpieces after processing on one machine are transported in a whole batch or in parts to another, while as Vehicle use roller tables, overhead chain conveyors or robots. The processing of workpieces is performed on pre-configured machines, within the technological capabilities of which readjustment to perform other operations is permissible.

In large-scale production, as a rule, special devices and special cutting tools are used. As a measuring tool, limit gauges (staples, plugs, threaded rings and threaded plugs) and templates are widely used to determine the suitability of machined parts and divide them into size groups depending on the size of the tolerance field.

Serial production is much more economical than single production, as equipment is used better, allowances are lower, cutting conditions are higher, jobs are more highly specialized, the production cycle, backlogs and work in progress are significantly reduced, a higher level of production automation, labor productivity increases, sharply decreases labor intensity and cost of products, simplifies production management and organization of labor. At the same time, the backlog is understood as the production stock of blanks or components of the product to ensure the uninterrupted execution of the technological process. This type of production is the most common in general and medium engineering. About 80% of engineering products are mass-produced.

Mass production It is characterized by a large volume of output of products that are continuously manufactured or repaired for a long time, during which one work operation is performed at most workplaces. Parts, as a rule, are made from blanks, the production of which is carried out centrally. The production of non-standard equipment and technological equipment is carried out in a centralized way. They are supplied to their consumers by workshops, which are an independent structural unit.

Mass production is economically feasible when producing a sufficiently large number of products, when all the material and labor costs associated with the transition to mass production pay off quickly enough and the cost of the product is lower than in mass production.

Mass production products are products of a narrow range, of a unified or standard type, produced for wide distribution to the consumer. These products include, for example, many brands cars, motorcycles, sewing machines, bicycles, etc.

In mass production, high-performance technological equipment is used - special, specialized and aggregate machines, multi-spindle automatic machines and semi-automatic machines, automatic lines. Widely used are multi-blade and type-setting special cutting tools, limit gauges, high-speed control devices and devices. Mass production is also characterized by a steady production volume, which, with a significant production program, provides the possibility of assigning operations to certain equipment. At the same time, the production of products is carried out according to the final design and technological documentation.

Most perfect form mass production organization is in-line production, characterized by the location of technological equipment in the sequence of operations of the technological process and a certain cycle of production of products. For the flow form of the organization of the technological process, the same or multiple performance is required for all operations. This allows you to process blanks or assemble units without backlogs at strictly defined time intervals equal to the release cycle. Bringing the duration of operations to the specified condition is called synchronization, which in some cases involves the use of additional (redundant) equipment. For mass production, the coefficient of consolidation of operations K z.o. = 1.

The main element of in-line production is the production line, on which jobs are located.

To transfer the object of labor from one workplace to another, special vehicles are used.

In the production line, which is the main form of organization of labor in-line production, one technological operation is performed at each workplace, and the equipment is located along the technological process (downstream). If the duration of the operation at all workplaces is the same, then the work on the line is performed with a continuous transfer of the production object from one workplace to another (continuous flow). It is usually not possible to achieve equality of piece time in all operations. This causes a technologically inevitable difference in the loading of equipment at the workplaces of the production line.

With significant output volumes in the synchronization process, it is most often necessary to reduce the duration of operations. This is achieved by differentiating and combining in time the transitions that are part of the technological operations. In mass and large-scale production, if necessary, each of the technological transitions can be separated into a separate operation if the synchronization condition is met.

For a time equal to the cycle of production, a unit of production leaves the production line. Labor productivity, corresponding to a dedicated production site (line, section, shop), is determined by the rhythm of output. release rhythm – this is the number of products or blanks of certain names, sizes and designs, produced per unit of time. Ensuring a given rhythm of release is the most important task in the development of the technological process of mass and large-scale production.

The flow method of work provides a significant reduction (tens of times) of the production cycle, interoperational backlogs and work in progress, the possibility of using high-performance equipment, reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing products, and ease of production management.

Further improvement of in-line production led to the creation of automatic lines, on which all operations are performed with the established tact at workplaces equipped with automatic equipment. Transportation of the object of labor in positions is also carried out automatically.

It should be noted that in one enterprise and even in one workshop one can meet a combination of various types production. Consequently, the type of production of an enterprise or workshop as a whole is determined on the basis of the predominant nature technological processes. Mass production can be called if at most workplaces one constantly repeating operation is performed. If at most workplaces several periodically repeating operations are performed, then such production should be considered serial. The lack of frequency of repetition of operations at the workplace characterizes a single production.

In addition, for each type of production, the corresponding accuracy of the initial blanks, the level of refinement of the design of parts for manufacturability, the level of process automation, the degree of detail of the description of the technological process, etc. are also characteristic. All this affects the productivity of the process and the cost of manufactured products.

The systematic ongoing unification and standardization of engineering products contributes to the specialization of production. Standardization leads to a narrowing of the range of products with a significant increase in the program of their release. This allows for a wider use of in-line methods of work and automation of production.

The characteristics of production are reflected in the decisions made during the technological preparation of production.

Production characteristic

Working hours and time funds

The mode of operation includes the number of working days per year, excluding weekends and holidays, with two shifts per day, because. an automated section is being developed. The full calendar annual fund of time shows the number of hours in a year 24363=8670h.

Excluding weekends and holidays, based on a five-day working week with a duration of 41 hours, we get the nominal fund of time FN = 4320 hours.

We take into account equipment downtime for repairs, FD - the actual annual fund of equipment operation time for 2-shift operation.

PD = 3894 hours.

Determination of the release cycle

To justify the organization production process and determining the type of production, it is necessary to calculate the average production rate - and the average piece time - Tsh.sr. production of the product in the main operations.

The release cycle is determined by the formula:

(min/pcs) (3.3.1)

where Fd = 3894 hours;

Ng = 20000pcs - annual program for the production of parts;

fs = 3894 60/20000 = 11.7 min/pc

Determining the type of production

The type of production can be determined by the numerical value of the operation fixing coefficient, the calculation of which is carried out in accordance with GOST 3.11.08-74. Approximately the type of production can be determined by the value of the coefficient - Kc

where Tsht.sr - the average piece time of manufacturing the product, is determined according to the data of the current technical process.

Tsht.av. = 71.43/17 = 4.2 min.

Kzo \u003d 11.6 / 4.2 \u003d 2.7

1< Кс?10 - крупносерийное производство

Analysis of the manufacturability of the design of the part "Drive shaft"

Manufacturability - a property of the product, according to which the design of the part must comply with the use of the most advanced processing or assembly methods in the manufacture.

Rational designs of machines that provide the necessary operational requirements cannot be created without taking into account the labor intensity and material consumption of their manufacture. Compliance of the design of machines with the requirements of labor intensity and material consumption determines the manufacturability of the design. In an objective assessment of the manufacturability of the design of machines, their parts and assemblies, a number of positive factors are taken into account that determine the manufacturability of the design.

In an objective assessment of the manufacturability of the design of machines, their parts and assemblies, a number of positive factors are taken into account that determine the manufacturability of the design. These include:

The optimal shape of the part, which ensures the manufacture of the workpiece with the smallest allowance and the smallest number of machined surfaces;

The smallest weight of the machine;

The smallest amount of material used in the construction of machines;

Interchangeability of parts and assemblies with the optimal value of tolerance fields;

Normalization (standardization) and unification of parts, assemblies and their individual design elements.

The basic requirements for the manufacturability of the design of machine building parts are set out in the literature.

Part designs must consist of standard and unified structural elements (QED) or be standard as a whole. Parts must be made from standard or unified blanks. The dimensions of the part must have optimal accuracy. Surface roughness must be optimal. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties the material of the part, its rigidity, shape, dimensions must comply with the requirements of the manufacturing technology (including the processes of finishing and hardening treatment, applying anti-corrosion coatings, etc.), as well as storage and transportation.

The base surface of the part must have optimal indicators of accuracy and surface roughness, which provide the required accuracy of installation, processing and control.

Blanks for the manufacture of parts must be obtained in a rational way, taking into account the material, the given output volume and the type of production. The method of manufacturing parts should allow the simultaneous production of several parts. The design of the part must ensure the possibility of using standard and standard technological processes for its manufacture.

We will test the manufacturability of the “Drive Shaft” part for manufacturability in accordance with the Guidelines.