Zoo 1m radar reconnaissance complex. Russian military exercises

"Zoo-1" (GRAU index 1L219M) - reconnaissance and fire control radar (counter-battery radar). The radar complex is intended for reconnaissance of firing positions of enemy rocket and artillery assets (mortar positions, artillery positions, MLRS positions, launchers of tactical missiles and air defense systems). "Zoo-1" calculates the trajectories of missiles and shells, is able to adjust the fire of its artillery, monitor the airspace and control unmanned aerial vehicles. aircraft.

The complex began to be designed in the USSR in the 1980s to replace the ARK-1 complex in the artillery troops (GRAU index 1RL239, "Lynx"), which was developed in the late 1970s. The new complex was placed on the basis of the chassis of the MT-LBu tractor, due to which it has an external resemblance to the ARC-1. To carry out work on the creation of the "Zoo", 2 enterprises were involved - the Research Institute "Strela" and the NPK "Iskra". The collapse of the USSR that followed soon led to the fact that these two enterprises ended up in different countries, where they independently continued to work, being now competitors. NPK Iskra, which ended up on the territory of Ukraine, continued to work on the creation and modernization of the 1L220-U Zoopark-2 complex, based on a different chassis, with a greater target detection range, but less bandwidth and other software and hardware solutions.

FSUE Research Institute "Strela" from the city of Tula continued work on the modernization of the "Zoo-1" complex (in particular, work was carried out to improve the communication system and software and hardware this complex). The new complex, developed by the enterprise, received the index 1L219M (modernized) and was first presented to the media in 2002. Most likely in 2004, a number of these complexes in single copies were transferred to military tests in the Armed Forces of Russia. The end of the military tests of the complex officially ended on February 19, 2008, a year earlier the complex had already been put into service. Russian army. It is assumed that several such complexes could take part in the August 2008 events in South Ossetia. As part of modern Russian brigades, the complex is part of the control and artillery reconnaissance battery, which, according to the state, should have 3 such complexes.

"Zoo-1"

The purpose of the automated radar complex "Zoo-1" is to determine the coordinates of enemy fire weapons (firing mortars, artillery pieces, multiple launch rocket systems and tactical missile launchers) upon the fact of a shot or launch. Having fixed the shot and tracked the flight path of the projectile / missile, the complex issues target designations to its own means of fire destruction and controls the effectiveness of their firing.

"Zoo-1" is able to simultaneously detect up to 70 different artillery positions per minute and give out their coordinates until the shells fall (during the first 20 seconds after the salvo), conduct simultaneous tracking of 12 targets, and carry out an automated exchange of incoming information with the control room. "Zoopark-1" is able to provide reconnaissance / control of firing positions of 81-120 mm mortars at a distance of 20 km / 22 km, firing positions of 105-155 mm artillery at a distance of 15 km / 20 km, firing positions of 122-240 caliber MLRS mm at a distance of 30 km / 35 km, firing positions of tactical missiles 40 km / 40 km. The complex has high noise immunity and modular design.

If necessary, this complex can be used to control the flight of UAVs, as well as monitor the control of their movement or the control of the flight of other aircraft in the area of ​​responsibility. While at the airfield, tracking and accurate determination of the coordinates of aircraft can be provided, followed by data transfer to the control point online.

"Zoo-1" has a fairly high survivability, which is achieved with the help of a short radar operating time for radiation, the use of means to counter unintentional and intentional electronic interference, and fast carrier frequency tuning. The calculation of the complex - 3 people - is protected by bulletproof and anti-fragmentation armor.

RLC "Zoo-1" in camouflage coloring

The composition of the complex

RLC "Zoo-1" is located on one transport unit - an armored highly passable caterpillar tractor MT-LBu. Radar equipment, autonomous means of orientation and navigation, communications equipment, input and processing devices for digital terrain maps, as well as power supplies are deployed on its basis, which makes the complex highly mobile.

The complex includes a 1L259M radar station based on the MT-LBu tracked tractor, a machine Maintenance(MTO) of the complex for carrying out repair and maintenance work 1I30 based on the Ural-43203 vehicle, the power plant ED30-T230P-1 RPM-1 on the trailer 2-PN-2 for carrying out routine and academic work, as well as autonomous means of topographic location and orientation.

1L259M is a 3-coordinate monopulse radar with a phased antenna array (PAR), which provides combat work together with a high-speed TsVS - a digital computer system with advanced software. An overview of the area of ​​responsibility in the target search or fire control mode is implemented by the radar using discrete scanning with an electric beam in a sector of up to 90 degrees in the horizontal and up to 1.8 degrees in the vertical planes with a constant elevation angle of 40 degrees. The radar is able to automatically detect flying mines, shells and missiles, track them and carry out trajectory measurements.

Based on the results of these measurements, an assessment is made of the movement of the flight of projectiles, the class of firing systems is determined, and the coordinates of enemy firing positions are calculated with an accuracy sufficient for effective counter-battery combat (in the target reconnaissance mode). The points of impact of own weapons are also calculated (in control mode). At the same time, messages are generated and transmitted with data on enemy firing positions, as well as the results of firing of own weapons at automated command posts. missile systems and artillery battalion.

As part of the 1L259M radar there are autonomous means of topographic location, orientation and navigation, which provide, during movement or parking, the determination of the azimuth and coordinates of the location of the station in unified system coordinates. The radar is equipped with an interface for operation in the command and control system.

The central air defense system of this complex ensures high automation of the entire process of combat work and allows you to detect and track up to 12 targets simultaneously, as well as reveal the coordinates of enemy firing positions from which simultaneous, intense fire is being conducted.

MTO based on the "Ural" is designed to perform repair and maintenance work aimed at maintaining the radar equipment in a combat-ready state and has everything for this necessary equipment.

The complex is powered by mobile power station EDZO-T230P-1RPM with a capacity of 30 kW (during the training of the calculation and maintenance work) or from a generator that takes power from the propulsion engine (in the conditions of combat operation of the complex).

RLC "Zoo-1" provides

1. Mobility

The time of deployment and collapse of the RLC without the exit of the crew takes no more than 5 minutes.
Land speed - up to 60 km / h.
The complex is able to overcome water obstacles by swimming.
The complex has patency on roads of any type.
The cruising range with a full refueling is 500 km.
The complex is able to operate at altitudes up to 3000 m above sea level
It is possible to work under the influence of all types of precipitation, dust and strong winds up to 30 m/s.
Operation at temperatures environment from -45 to +50 degrees Celsius.
Possibility of transportation by all types of transport: rail, air, road, water.
Autonomous topographic location and orientation.

2. Vitality

Frequent change of carrier frequency.
The duration of the radiation time.
Protection against electromagnetic impulses.
High noise immunity.

3. Crew protection

From being hit by small arms and shell fragments
From defeat by bacteriological and chemical weapons.
From exposure to low and high temperatures environment.

4. Ease of management

Full automation of radar control.
Providing comfortable conditions for the crew (ventilation, heating, air conditioning).
Built-in automated control of the complex performance.
The complex is transferred from the traveling position to the combat position and back without leaving the calculation from the MT-LBU.
Autonomy of power supply.

The workplace of the commander of the RLC "Zoo-1"

Operating modes of RLC "Zoo-1"

1. Intelligence

In the "Reconnaissance" mode, the coordinates of the firing positions of the enemy's firing artillery systems are determined. The product sequentially scans the space above the terrain, covering a sector with a width of 90 degrees. In this case, the probing beam, performing electronic scanning over the masking surface, forms the so-called "potential search barrier".

At the moment the projectile crosses the specified barrier, it is detected, captured and escorted, followed by extrapolation of the trajectory to the point of departure of the projectile.

2. Control

In the "Control" mode, the coordinates of the points of impact of shells of their firing means are determined. According to the initial data entered into the computer control unit (CCU), the coordinates of the points of the beginning of the tracking of projectiles, the appearance of which is carried out in the working sector, are calculated. The VUU sets the sounding beam in the direction of the intended meeting point and organizes an electronic search for the expected projectile. When a projectile is detected in the area of ​​the meeting point, it is captured, escorted and extrapolated to the point of impact.

3. Functional control

In the "Functional control" mode, diagnostics of the complex equipment (up to the module of the lowest level) is carried out using a digital computing device management (VUU). "Functional control" is carried out both before the start and in the process of combat work.

Sources used:
www.npostrela.com/ru/products/72/194/
www.arms-expo.ru/049056048049124052051053.html
www.militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-510.html
Materials of the free Internet encyclopedia "Wikipedia"

The ground forces of the modern army need a large number of special equipment and electronic equipment. In particular, artillery needs radar reconnaissance systems capable of monitoring the specified territory and monitoring the results of firing. Currently, the main domestic means of this class are complexes of the Zoo family.

1L219 "Zoo"

The development of the radar artillery reconnaissance complex 1L219 "Zoo" began in accordance with the decree of the USSR Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981. The new radar was intended to replace existing types of equipment, primarily the 1RL239 Rys complex, which was actively used by the troops. The Strela Scientific Research Institute (Tula) was appointed the lead developer of the project, V.I. Simachev. Several other organizations were also involved in the work. For example, NPP "Istok" (Fryazino) was responsible for the development of microwave equipment, and the Tula plant "Arsenal" was supposed to build prototypes of the finished complex.

It should be noted that one resolution of the Council of Ministers required the creation of two artillery reconnaissance complexes at once. The Zoo-1 and Zoo-2 systems were supposed to have different characteristics and differ in some components. This implied the maximum possible unification of the two types of equipment.

Self-propelled radar 1L219 "Zoo-1"

The development of a new project at a certain stage encountered some difficulties that led to a shift in the timing of implementation different stages. So, the draft version of the project 1L219 "Zoo" was completed in two years: it was ready in 1983. The following year, a technical version of the project was prepared. In 1986, the organizations involved in the project completed all the work on the preparation of design documentation, but the start of construction of experimental reconnaissance complexes was postponed due to changed customer requirements.

On June 19, 1986, the Council of Ministers issued a new resolution defining further development radar reconnaissance systems for artillery. The military wanted to get not only a self-propelled vehicle with a set of electronic equipment, but also a number of other means. In accordance with the new resolution, it was required to develop new complex funds, which was supposed to include the Zoo car. Due to changes in customer requirements, the project developers had to re-develop some elements of the complex. A part of the radio-electronic equipment, including the means of detecting targets, has undergone alteration.

Due to numerous improvements, the construction of the Zoo experimental machine was delayed. It was released for preliminary tests only in 1988. This stage of testing, accompanied by various improvements, continued until the spring of 1990, when several prototypes were presented for state testing. During the year, the equipment was tested in the ground forces of several military districts. During these events, all the necessary information on the operation of the complex in the conditions of combat units.

In the course of all tests, the calculated characteristics of the complex were confirmed and advantages over existing system"Lynx". In particular, the range was increased by 10%, the field of view doubled, and the throughput of automation - 10 times. According to the results of state tests, the 1L219 Zoopark-1 radar artillery reconnaissance complex was put into service. The corresponding command order was signed on April 18, 1992.

The reconnaissance complex "Zoo-1" was intended to monitor the indicated areas, track enemy artillery and control the results of firing their batteries. In order to ensure the possibility of combat work at the same positions with artillery, all the equipment of the complex was mounted on a self-propelled chassis. The MT-LBu universal tractor was chosen as the basis for the complex. With a combat weight of the vehicle of the order of 16.1 tons, maximum speed at the level of 60-62 km / h. Management of all means of the complex is carried out by the calculation of three people.

On the roof of the base chassis, an antenna post is mounted, made in the form of a turntable with a phased antenna array installed on it. In the stowed position, the antenna is lowered to a horizontal position, and the entire post rotates along the body of the machine. The antenna array is part of a three-coordinate radar station and allows you to monitor a sector up to 60 ° wide in azimuth. The field of view in elevation is about 40°. The ability to rotate the antenna post allows you to change the observation sector without moving the entire machine.

The radar of the 1L219 complex operates in the centimeter range and is controlled by on-board digital computers type "Electronics-81B" and "Saiver-2". All operations for tracking the specified sector, detecting targets and issuing processed information are performed automatically. The calculation of the complex has the ability to monitor the systems and, if necessary, intervene in their work. To display information about the situation at the workplaces of the commander and operator, black-and-white screens on a CRT are provided.

Scheme of the system 1L219

The main task of the reconnaissance complex 1L219 "Zoo-1" was to detect the positions of enemy missile forces and artillery, as well as to calculate the trajectories of projectiles. In addition, it was possible to control the firing of their artillery. The main method for determining coordinates and trajectories was tracking small-sized high-speed ballistic targets - projectiles. The station was to automatic mode monitor projectiles, calculate their trajectories and determine the location of guns or launchers.

The automation of the Zoo-1 complex is capable of detecting at least 10 enemy firing positions per minute. At the same time, tracking of no more than 4 targets is provided. The probability of determining the position of the gun on the first shot was determined at the level of 80%. In the course of combat work, the complex had to determine the current parameters of a flying projectile, as well as calculate its full trajectory along a known area. After that, the automation gave out information about the place where the projectile was launched to the command post. Further, this information should have been transferred to artillery for a retaliatory strike on the enemy’s firing position in order to destroy his equipment and weapons. To determine its own position, used in determining the coordinates of targets, the system of topographic and geodetic reference 1T130M "Mayak-2" is used.

Serial production of self-propelled radar artillery reconnaissance systems 1L219 "Zoo-1" was entrusted to the company "Vector" (Yekaterinburg). Initially, it was assumed that the 1L219 complexes would be used in rocket troops and artillery at the regimental level. Each regiment and brigade had to have own systems of this type, designed to track enemy artillery and provide coordinates for counter-battery combat.

However, the collapse Soviet Union did not allow to fully and in a short time to implement all the existing plans. The serial construction of Zoo-1 machines was carried out at a relatively slow pace, but for last years ground forces managed to get a certain amount of such equipment. All stations 1L219 are used in the control system of artillery formations and successfully solve the tasks assigned to them.

1L220 "Zoo-2"

By a decree of the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981, it was required to develop two radar reconnaissance systems at once. The first, 1L219, was created by the Tula Research Institute "Strela" in cooperation with some other enterprises. The development of the second complex with the designation 1L220 was entrusted to NPO Iskra (Zaporozhye). The objective of the second project was to create another reconnaissance complex with an increased detection range. Otherwise, the goals and objectives of the projects were the same.

Within the framework of the Zoo-2 project, a complex was developed radio electronic equipment suitable for mounting on various chassis. It was planned to offer the customer two modifications of the reconnaissance system at once, mounted on different chassis. There was a project for a vehicle based on the GM-5951 tracked chassis and the KrAZ-63221 wheeled chassis. The wheel complex received its own designation 1L220U-KS. In the case of a tracked chassis, the electronic equipment was located inside a lightly armored hull, on the roof of which a rotary antenna post was installed. The wheeled vehicle project involved the use of a van body with appropriate equipment.

Complex 1L220 "Zoo-2" on a tracked chassis. Photo Catalog.use.kiev.ua

According to the general architecture, the "Zaporozhye" version of the complex resembled a machine developed by Tula specialists. It was proposed to equip the 1L220 complex with a radar station with a phased antenna array mounted on a swivel base. Working in the centimeter range, the station was supposed to detect flying artillery shells.

The electronics of the Zoo-2 complex made it possible to automatically monitor the situation, search for targets and determine their trajectories, while simultaneously calculating the location of enemy guns.

After the collapse of the USSR, the enterprises involved in the Zoo program remained in different countries, which led to a serious difficulty in work. Despite all the problems, NPO Iskra continued work and completed the creation of a new artillery reconnaissance complex. Due to some problems, it was necessary to carry out additional revision of the project. The updated version of the project received the designation 1L220U.

because of economic problems country, the need to refine the project, etc. testing of the prototype system "Zoo-2" began only in the late nineties. According to the test results, the system was adopted by the Ukrainian army in 2003. Subsequently, Ukrainian enterprises in cooperation with foreign organizations a certain amount of similar equipment was built, delivered to the armed forces.

According to reports, due to improvements in electronic equipment, it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the 1L220U complex in comparison with the Tula 1L219. The Ukrainian-designed machine station is capable of tracking a sector 60° wide in azimuth. The radar can detect operational-tactical missiles at ranges up to 80 km. When using multiple launch rocket systems by the enemy, the maximum detection range, depending on the type of missiles, is 50 km. Mortar mines of caliber up to 120 mm are detected by the station at ranges up to 30 km. Declared the possibility of detecting up to 50 enemy firing positions per minute.

1L219M "Zoo-1"

In the early nineties, the Strela Research Institute began developing a modernized version of the Zoo-1 complex. The updated version of the complex received the index 1L219M. In some sources, various additional designations of this complex are found, in particular, the name "Zoo-1M" ​​sometimes appears. However, such a "name" was later assigned to another complex of the family.

Machine 1L219M "Zoo-1". Photo pvo.guns.ru

The goal of the 1L219M project was to replace obsolete equipment with new enhanced performance. For example, the CBVM was replaced. In the updated complex, to control the operation of automation, Computer Engineering family "Baguette". In addition, the modernization project used new system topographic and geodetic reference. To accurately determine its own coordinates, the upgraded Zoo-1 vehicle received a 1T215M topographic positioner and a GLONASS receiver.

According to the developer, in the 1L219M project, it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the radar station. Thus, the detection range of operational-tactical missiles was increased to 45 km. The maximum detection range of rockets has increased to 20 km. When using mortars of 81-120 mm caliber by the enemy, it is possible to determine the firing position at ranges up to 20-22 km.

The automation of the 1L219M complex is capable of processing up to 70 targets per minute. Up to 12 objects are tracked simultaneously. It takes no more than 15-20 seconds to automatically calculate the full trajectory of enemy ammunition with the determination of the launch point and the point of impact.

In addition to the radar equipment, the calculation workplaces have undergone modernization. The main innovation was the use of color monitors, which display all information about the situation in the station's sector of responsibility. All data on the found firing positions of the enemy are automatically transmitted to the command post and can then be used to deliver a retaliatory strike.

The development of the project 1L219M "Zoo-1" was completed in the mid-nineties. Shortly thereafter, testing of the prototype began. According to some sources, during the tests, numerous shortcomings were identified, primarily related to the reliability of various units. As a result, it was decided to modify the system in order to improve the characteristics that do not meet the requirements.

Machine 1L219M "Zoo-1". Photo Ru-armor.livejournal.com

Accurate information about the production and operation of the 1L219M complexes is not available. Some sources mention the construction of such equipment and even its use in some recent conflicts. However, there is no complete evidence for this. Probably, it was decided not to start mass production new technology due to the lack of serious advantages over the existing one, and also because of the difficult economic situation of the armed forces. Nevertheless, the updated version of the Zoo-1 complex was demonstrated at various exhibitions.

1L260 "Zoo-1M"

Last on this moment The artillery reconnaissance complex of the Zoo family is a system with the index 1L260, created in the 2000s. After the not-too-successful project 1L219M, the Tula Research Institute "Strela" continued to work on the creation of new radar stations for the ground forces. To date, the Strela enterprise has received the status of a research and production association and has become part of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern.

Self-propelled radar 1L261 "Zoo-1M". Photo Npostrela.com

Complex "Zoo-1M", despite the name, is not a modernized version of existing equipment, but completely new development. For example, the new complex incorporates several components at once, performing various functions. The main element of the complex is a self-propelled radar station 1L261 on a tracked chassis. In addition, a 1I38 maintenance vehicle and a backup power plant are involved in combat work. Auxiliary elements of the complex are mounted on automobile chassis. According to some reports, if necessary, a self-propelled radar can perform assigned tasks independently and without the help of additional elements of the complex.

Self-propelled radar 1L261 differs from its predecessors in a different layout of the main units. As before, all units of the machine are mounted on a tracked chassis, which is used as the machine GM-5955. An antenna post with lifting and rotation mechanisms is mounted on the roof of the housing. In the stowed position, the phased antenna array is placed on the middle and aft parts of the hull cover. The combat weight of the vehicle exceeds 38 tons. The operation of all systems is controlled by a calculation of three people.

During the preparation of the complex for operation, the antenna rises and can rotate around the vertical axis, changing the field of view. The design of the phased antenna array allows the calculation of the station to follow objects located in a sector with a width of 90 ° in azimuth. The exact characteristics of the target detection range have not yet been announced. According to previously published data, the 1L261 station is capable of determining the firing position of enemy artillery with an error of up to 40 m. When calculating the launch point for multiple rocket launchers, the error is 55 m, and the launch point for ballistic missiles is 90 m.

Full composition of the complex 1L260 "Zoo-1M". Photo Npostrela.com

Accurate information about the current state of the project 1L260 "Zoo-1M" ​​is not available. According to some reports, a few years ago, the Russian Ministry of Defense ordered a number of such complexes, but the details of the contract were not disclosed. In addition, in 2013 one of the stages of testing the complex could be carried out. Official information about the Zoo-1M complex and its prospects has not yet been published.

According to the websites:
http://bastion-karpenko.ru/
http://npostrela.com/
http://tvzvezda.ru/
http://rg.ru/
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-513.html

RADAR COMPLEX FOR RECOGNIZING ROCKET POSITIONS

AND ARTILLERY "ZOO-1M" (PRODUCT 1L260)

RADAR COMPLEX EXPLORATION POSITIONS MISSILES

AND ARTILLERY ZOOPARK-1M" (PRODUCT 1L260)

05.09.2013
NEW RADAR COMPLEX FOR RECOGNIZING POSITIONS OF ROCKETS AND ARTILLERY "ZOOPARK-1M"

The new radar complex for reconnaissance of the positions of missiles and artillery "Zoo-1M" ​​went unnoticed at the MAKS 2013 air show.
The close attention of ordinary visitors was attracted by the flights of various aerobatic teams and aviation equipment at the demonstration site.
At the same time, the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern for the first time publicly demonstrated the modernized Zoopark-1M radar system for reconnaissance of missile and artillery positions.
http://www.sdelanounas.ru/

24.09.2013
Servicemen of the motorized rifle formation of the Southern Military District, stationed on the territory of the Chechen Republic, during the training of artillery units worked out the skills of using the latest mobile radar system (RLK) for reconnaissance and fire control "Zoopark-1". RLC "Zoo-1" detects shells fired by enemy artillery in flight and calculates the trajectory of their flight. The data obtained makes it possible to detect the firing positions of the opposing side and effectively adjust the work of their fire weapons.

17.02.2015


Rocketeers and artillerymen of the Eastern Military District will receive the latest Zoopark-1M reconnaissance radar system this year.
In a special software complex, unique adaptive target search algorithms are used, as well as latest methods digital information processing, allowing to increase the accuracy of determining coordinates, the probability of detecting and recognizing targets.
The radar station provides protection for the calculation and equipment from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction, small arms, fragments of mines and shells.
The complex provides for the possibility of training the calculation with flight simulation of all types of firing systems against the background of the surrounding interference environment.
Press Service of the Eastern Military District

A motorized rifle formation stationed in the Moscow region received jet systems volley fire BM-21 "Grad" and counter-battery radar reconnaissance and fire control "Zoo", reports TASS with reference to the head of the press service of the Western Military District Oleg Kochetkov.
“The uniqueness of the Zoo radar is the ability to simultaneously detect up to 70 different artillery positions of a mock enemy and give out their coordinates within the first 20 seconds after the salvo. The complex provides reconnaissance and fire control of the main artillery systems of various calibers, including multiple launch rocket systems of up to 240 mm caliber,” O. Kochetkov explained.
In addition, he said, the complex can monitor the drones of a mock enemy, determine their coordinates with subsequent transmission of data to the command post of the artillery battalion.
The BM-21 Grad multiple launch rocket systems also entered service with the motorized rifle formation, the district representative added.

04.04.2016


According to the blog http://imp-navigator.livejournal.com, the 1L261 radar vehicle of the 1L260 Zoo-1M missile and artillery reconnaissance complex was filmed by Western journalists on the road near Syrian Palmyra. At the same time, in the official statement of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, it was noted that “over the past three days, three modern complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles, two radar stations for detecting small targets, which allow detecting the facts of the use of artillery weapons systems by terrorists, have been additionally relocated to the Khmeimim airfield.” Military experts suggest the possibility of deploying a Zoo-1 type radar to Syria.
Military-technical cooperation "BASTION"

The artillery of Russia and the world, along with other states, has introduced the most significant innovations - the transformation of a smooth-bore gun loaded from the muzzle into a rifled one loaded from the breech (lock). The use of streamlined projectiles and various types fuses with adjustable time setting; more powerful gunpowders, such as cordite, which appeared in Britain before the First World War; the development of rolling systems, which made it possible to increase the rate of fire and relieved the gun crew from the hard work of rolling into the firing position after each shot; connection in one assembly of the projectile, propellant charge and fuse; the use of shrapnel shells, after the explosion, scattering small steel particles in all directions.

Russian artillery, capable of firing large projectiles, sharply highlighted the problem of weapon durability. In 1854, during the Crimean War, Sir William Armstrong, a British hydraulic engineer, proposed the wrought iron gun barrel method of first twisting iron bars and then welding them together by forging. The gun barrel was additionally strengthened with wrought iron rings. Armstrong set up a business that made guns of several sizes. One of the most famous was his 12-pounder rifled gun with a 7.6 cm (3 in) bore and a screw lock mechanism.

The artillery of the Second World War (WWII), in particular the Soviet Union, probably had the largest potential among the European armies. At the same time, the Red Army experienced the purges of Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin and endured the difficult Winter War with Finland at the end of the decade. During this period, Soviet design bureaus took a conservative approach to technology.
The first modernization effort came with the improvement of the 76.2 mm M00/02 field gun in 1930, which included improved ammunition and the replacement of barrels for parts of the gun fleet, new version the guns were named M02/30. Six years later, the 76.2 mm M1936 field gun appeared, with a carriage from the 107 mm.

Heavy artilleryof all armies, and rather rare materials from the time of Hitler's blitzkrieg, whose army smoothly and without delay crossed the Polish border. The German army was the most modern and best equipped army in the world. Wehrmacht artillery operated in close cooperation with infantry and aviation, trying to quickly occupy the territory and deprive the Polish army of communication lines. The world shuddered upon learning of a new armed conflict in Europe.

Artillery of the USSR in the positional conduct of hostilities on the Western Front in the last war and the horror in the trenches of the military leaders of some countries created new priorities in the tactics of using artillery. They believed that in the second global conflict of the 20th century, mobile firepower and accuracy of fire would be decisive factors.