Electronic signature (EDS) for public services - creation and receipt. Documents for EDS

The use is becoming more common in Russia. And this is not at all surprising, since the digital signature is in many cases more secure than the corresponding props affixed with a ballpoint pen or a seal. How is an electronic signature produced for a legal entity? How to get the appropriate tool?

EDS definition

To begin with, let's define the essence of the EDS. digital signature? It is understood as the details of the document, similar to that which is affixed with a ballpoint pen on paper, but only made using special computer algorithms.

The main purpose of the digital signature is to confirm that the document is signed by a specific person. Among others useful properties, which an electronic digital signature has, is a certificate of the integrity of the document, the absence of any edits in it on the way between the sender and the recipient.

Use of digital signatures

In what areas are EDS used? Practically in the same as the usual signature: in businesses and government agencies, in communications with the participation of individuals. Compliant with everything you need legal requirements An EDS is legally equivalent to a signature, which is done with a ballpoint pen, and in some cases, a seal, if we are talking about legal entities Oh.

The use of an electronic signature is widespread in banking: so, when authorizing in systems of the “bank-client” type, the corresponding mechanisms of the user of the financial product are activated. With the help of the accepted financial and credit organization algorithms, the client signs payment orders, makes various applications and requests.

In some cases, an EDS is regarded as even more reliable requisite than a signature made with a ballpoint pen. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to fake it, as well as the fact that using the EDS, as we noted above, you can check whether changes have been made to the files being sent.

In the Russian Federation, universal electronic cards are beginning to spread. With their help, citizens can perform a large number of different actions. Among them is the signing of documents on the Internet. How is this possible? In order to use this UEC function, you need to purchase a card reader - a device that can read data from a card and transfer it via special online channels. It is necessary to use a device that supports the PC / SC standard.

EDS structure

How is the EDS structured? How does the document authentication mechanism work? Very simple. Electronic signature in itself is a document attribute that can be affixed by only one person (or organization). The corresponding document flow subject has a single copy of the tool with which the EDS is set - this is the private key of the electronic signature. As a rule, no one else has it, as is the case with a unique example of a person's autograph, which he makes with a ballpoint pen. Keys are issued by specialized organizations - certification centers. They may also be accredited by the Ministry of Communications.

The EDS can be read using the public key, which, in turn, can be at the disposal of any number of people. Using this tool, the recipient of the document makes sure that it was sent and signed by a specific sender. If the public key does not recognize the digital signature, then it is affixed by the wrong person from whom the document should come.

Signing key certificate

An important element of the workflow is the certificate of the electronic signature key. It is, as a rule, an electronic data source that contains information about the sender of the files. The certificate certifies that the key owned by the person is valid. This document also contains basic information about the sender. The certificate is valid, as a rule, for 1 year from the date of issue. The corresponding element of the signature can also be revoked at the initiative of its owner, for example, if he loses control over the key or suspects that it has fallen into the wrong hands. Those documents that will be signed without a valid certificate have no legal force.

From a technological point of view, the mechanism for exchanging files when using an EDS is usually implemented within a certain software environment. That is, files are sent and received in a special format using the interface of specialized software. It can be adapted, for example, for workflow in the field of tax reporting or for exchanging files between different companies.

A universal system for receiving and sending documents has not yet been created in the Russian Federation, but such work is underway. Its successful completion will make it possible to create a software environment that, theoretically, will be able to completely replace paper documents, since every citizen, along with a personal autograph, will also be able to put an electronic signature on any documents. Actually, the development of UEC is one of the first steps in this direction.

But for now, you can set up an EDS using this card on a limited number of resources. Therefore, electronic signature verification is now carried out in different programs, and their use is carried out by agreement between the sender and recipient of documents.

It is also possible to exchange files outside the corresponding interfaces. In this case, each document can be supplemented with a text insert with a unique cipher, which is created using the private key and read by the recipient of the file using the public key. The document will be recognized if the corresponding algorithms match, and also if the certificate we mentioned above is valid.

However, the cipher in question will be created one way or another by a special program. Theoretically, of course, users can develop their own - and this will formally also be considered an EDS, but in this case there is no need to talk about a sufficient level of document management security. In large firms, special requirements are usually set for it. Just like in government agencies. Let us study the aspect that reflects the types of EDS depending on the level of security in more detail.

EDS security levels

It can be noted that sending documents via e-mail is also one of the options for using EDS. In this case, we are talking about using a simple electronic signature. Its "key" is the password that the sender enters. The Electronic Signature Act allows that this species EDS can be legally significant, but law enforcement practice is not always accompanied by the implementation of this scenario. And this is understandable: the password - purely theoretically - can be entered by anyone who knows it, and pretend to be the sender.

Therefore, the same law on electronic signature determines that much more secure EDS options can be involved in the workflow. Among them is an enhanced and qualified EDS. They assume that their owners have in their hands reliable electronic keys that are very difficult to forge. They can be made in the form of a special eToken keychain - in a single copy. Using this tool and a special program, a person can send signed documents to the addressee, who then, using the public key for verifying the electronic signature, will be able to verify the correct origin of the files.

Qualified Signature Specifics

What is the difference between an enhanced EDS and a qualified one? Technologically, they can be very similar and use generally similar encryption algorithms. But in the case of a qualified EDS, a certificate for it is issued by a certification center (from among those accredited by the Ministry of Communications). This type of electronic signature is considered the most secure and in most cases is equated in legal terms with the corresponding details of the document, which is put manually on paper.

In most cases, a qualified EDS is required during the interaction of businesses and individuals with government agencies, so the requirements for identifying documents in such communication scenarios can be very strict. An enhanced EDS in this case may not always satisfy them, not to mention, of course, a simple electronic signature. Accredited certifying centers, as a rule, recommend to their clients the best type of software, which is used to carry out document management using EDS.

Types of electronic signatures

So, a universal EDS capable of replacing a paper signature at any time has not yet been developed in Russia. Therefore, the tools we are considering are presented in a wide range of varieties adapted to one or another purpose of file exchange. Consider the most common types of communications that use the electronic signature of documents.

EDS required for participation are popular commercial organizations in various auctions ("Sberbank-AST", "RTS-Tender"), as well as for presence on trading floors, for example, those that are members of the ETP Association. There is an EDS adapted to work with databases on bankruptcies of legal entities and facts relating to their activities.

On the Gosuslugi.ru portal, all registered persons are also issued an electronic signature. Thus, public services can then be ordered online - there is no need to refer a paper document to one or another department. A wide range of services opens up to a citizen, you can even apply for a passport online. One of the options for the hardware implementation of the EDS for use on the Gosuslugi.ru portal is the UEC, which we mentioned above.

How to get an EDS

Due to the absence in the Russian Federation of a unified structure for issuing universal EDS, there are a large number of private firms involved in issuing electronic signatures. They are called, as we noted above, certification centers. These organizations perform the following main functions:

Register users as legally authorized subjects of work with documents when using the EDS;

Issue an electronic signature certificate;

In some cases, they provide sending and verification of documents with EDS.

Thus, if a citizen or organization needs a digital signature, they will have to go to the appropriate certification center.

Documents for obtaining an EDS

How is an electronic signature issued for a legal entity? How to get such a useful tool for business? So, the first step is to choose a certification authority. It is advisable to apply to those structures that are accredited by state bodies. A list of these organizations can be found on the website of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation - minsvyaz.ru.

The following main documents must be submitted to the certification center:

Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;

Certificates: on registration of a legal entity, on registration with the Federal Tax Service.

If we are talking about obtaining a personal signature for the head of the organization, the mentioned set of documents must be supplemented with a copy of the protocol on the appointment of the general director to the position. If the EDS is received by an employee who is not a member of the company's supreme management bodies, then a copy of the order for his employment, as well as a power of attorney, is needed. Naturally, you will need a passport and SNILS specialist.

As we can see, the process within which an electronic signature is issued for a legal entity is not at all complicated. How to get an EDS for an individual entrepreneur?

Very simple. You will need the following basic documents:

Extract from the USRIP;

Certificates: on registration as an individual entrepreneur and on registration with the Federal Tax Service;

The passport;

If a person who is not in the status of an individual entrepreneur, owner or representative of an LLC wants to receive an EDS, then all he needs to bring to the certification center is the TIN, passport, and also SNILS.

Obtaining an electronic signature is usually not a very long process. Many certifying centers are ready to provide an eToken key or its equivalent, as well as a guide to using an EDS within a few hours after the relevant application is made.

Practical nuances of working with EDS

We studied how an electronic signature is issued for a legal entity, how to get this tool. Let us now consider some notable nuances. practical use EDS.

So, when organizing a document flow between two or more companies, it is advisable to turn to the services of intermediary structures that will help companies avoid errors in file exchange, and also guarantee compliance with all legal requirements regarding these communications. In list best options execution of such agreements - the conclusion of accession agreements, which are provided for by Article 428 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

When organizing document flow between different organizations, it is also recommended to approve the procedure for working with files in cases where the authenticity of the EDS cannot be determined. For example, this is possible if the certificate of the electronic signature key has expired.

At the beginning of the article, we considered the classification of EDS according to the degree of security. What are the mechanisms for the correct use of simple, enhanced and qualified electronic signatures?

If a company decides to use a simple digital signature when exchanging documents with another organization, then it needs to conclude additional agreements that establish such a mechanism. The relevant agreements should reflect the rules for determining who exactly sent the document via e-mail and thereby put a simple EDS.

If we are talking about electronic trading, then the signature must be strengthened (at least) and meet the criteria adopted at the level of a particular online platform where such communications are carried out.

Reporting to government agencies should be carried out only when using a qualified electronic signature. When it comes to establishing labor relations at a distance (since recently, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows this type of communication), then a qualified signature should be used in this process.

How to get an EDS in a certification center? Where to buy an electronic digital signature? What regulates the law on electronic signature?

The weather is useless: rain and snow, piercing wind. Moreover, this process in the Arbitration Court, for which it is required to urgently submit additional documents. I wish I could send them there without leaving home... Is something similar familiar to you?

Now the electronic signature is used by both legal entities and individuals. It is recognized by the courts, regulatory authorities and government agencies.

The material of the publication will allow you to get a clear idea of ​​the process of registration and use of EDS.

1. What is an electronic digital signature

Let's start with the main concept of the article.

Electronic digital signature(EDS) - an analogue of a personal signature, provides an opportunity to endorse electronic documentation. Serves as a guarantor of its integrity and authenticity.

Electronic signature (ES) allows you to:

• authenticate the source of the message;
• control the immutability of the departure;
• make it impossible to refuse the fact of approval of the message.

The ES scheme includes two processes: a signature generation algorithm and a verification algorithm.

To better represent this process, I depicted it schematically.

Often there is a question about the legitimacy of such sighting. On this occasion, there is a large judicial practice confirming the legality of the EDS.

Example

The decision of the Volga-Vyatka court in one of the cases considered in 2010 is indicative.

Company "A" filed a claim against its partner company "B" for the return of funds for the delivered, but unpaid goods. During the transaction, electronic documents certified by EDS were used.

The defendant explained the lack of payment by the fact that the submitted documents, certified in this way, are invalid, and therefore cannot serve as a basis for making settlements.

The court did not accept the defendant's explanation, since earlier an additional agreement was signed between the former partners, allowing the use of documentation endorsed by the ES within the framework of these contractual relations.

And, therefore, all documents are properly drawn up and have a visa of an authorized person. The court satisfied the claim in full.

ES regulation is carried out within the framework of the Federal Law No. 63 "On Electronic Signature".

It regulates its use:

• in civil law transactions;
• provision of public services;
• provision of municipal services;
• performance of state functions, etc.

There are some requirements for EP.

The main ones are:

• ease of authentication;
• high difficulty of its forgery.

2. What are the types of EDS - TOP-3 main types

Varieties of EDS are prescribed by law. Article 5 of the Federal Law-63 mentions: simple and reinforced. Reinforced, in turn, is unskilled (UNEP) and qualified (UKEP).

Let's get to know them better!

View 1. Simple electronic signature

So, a simple electronic "signature", formed with the help of special codes (passwords), indicates the sighting of the messages being sent.

He has no other powers.

Type 2. Enhanced unqualified electronic signature

This option is formed in the process of cryptographic transformation of information using the ES key.

Such sighting makes it possible not only to identify the author, but also to identify unauthorized corrections to the message being sent.

Type 3. Enhanced Qualified Electronic Signature

This is the most protected type.

It has all the features of UNEP and some additional qualities:

• the verification key is contained in the qualified certificate;
• created and verified by the UKEP using tools approved by the FSB.

3. Where an electronic signature is used - an overview of the main options

An electronic signature, depending on the type, is used in various fields.

Possible areas of application of the electronic signature:

Let's consider each of the use cases in more detail.

Option 1. Internal and external document flow

ES is especially in demand in internal and external document management. The company's documentation endorsed in this way is considered approved and becomes protected from adjustments.

With electronic document management between counterparties, documents signed with an EDS receive a legal status. Both contracts and primary accounting documents (invoices, etc.) can be certified.

Option 2. Arbitration Court

Often, when considering cases in the Arbitration Court, additional evidence may be required, which is allowed to be submitted in electronic form.

Certification of such ES documents is required by law. Then they have legal force and are equated to written evidence on paper.

Today, the arbitration courts of the Russian Federation accept for consideration the following documents, certified by EDS:

• statements;
• petitions;
• reviews.

Option 3. Document flow with individuals

It is still rare for individuals to digitally sign any documents, although this practice is becoming more and more popular every year, especially among those who work remotely.

An electronic digital signature allows them to exchange acts of acceptance and delivery of their services in electronic form. With the help of ES, natural persons-inventors have the right to file a patent application on the website of Rospatent. Its owners can write an application for state registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity directly on the website of the tax department.

Option 4. Public services

The public services portal makes life easier for Russians. If you want to get full access to the portal services without any problems, issue an EDS.

With its help, you can interact with the traffic police, apply for a passport, the registry office, etc.

Option 5. Supervisory authorities

Electronic reporting, certified with a qualified electronic signature, has legal force and is recognized by regulatory agencies.

With its help, they submit reports not only to the tax office, but also to the FIU, FSS, Rosstat, etc.

Option 6. Electronic trading

Electronic auctions are specialized sites, places where suppliers and buyers meet, transactions for the purchase / sale of services, works and goods are concluded.

To participate in them, you must purchase an EDS. Documents signed in this way confirm the reality of the proposals and become legal.

4. How to get an electronic signature - 6 easy steps

You have heard that EDS allows its holders to perform various legally significant actions without leaving their office or home.

Have a burning desire to get such a signature and join the ranks of its happy owners, but do not know how to do it right?

You have come to the right address! In my mini-instruction, I will tell you how to get an EP quickly and correctly.

Step 1. Decide on the type of electronic signature

Before ordering an electronic signature certificate, I recommend once again answering the question: “Why do I need it?”.

If you plan to use it only for your company's internal electronic document management, then a simple or unqualified digital signature for a legal entity will suit you.

If you use a signature in an external electronic exchange, then a qualified electronic signature is already needed here.

Step 2. Choose a certification authority

Certification center (CA) - a legal entity, one of the statutory activities of which is the formation and issuance of an EDS.

Choose the CA that is closest to your location. Also pay attention to the cost of services and the timing of the production of EP.

Perhaps you are interested in the "Exit clearance" service, then choose a center offering this service.

Step 3. Fill out and send the application

The type of signature has been determined, the certification authority has been selected, and the turn of the application has come.

You can submit it in two ways:

• make a personal visit to the office;
• fill out the form on the website of the center.

It contains only the most necessary information: full name, contact details (phone, e-mail).

After receiving the application, the manager of the CA will contact you and clarify all the data necessary for issuing an EDS, consult on prices and conditions.

Step 4. Paying the bill

After processing the application by the specialists of the center, you will receive an invoice for payment. As you know, services are usually paid according to the principle Money in the evening, chairs in the morning, that is, on the terms of 100% prepayment.

The cost of EP on average is 5-7 thousand rubles, the minimum price is 1.5 thousand rubles.

It includes:

• generating a signature key certificate;
• necessary software;
• technical support.

You can pay the bill both non-cash and in cash.

Step 5. We provide documents

The list of documents depends on the status of the applicant: legal entity, individual entrepreneur, individual.

The table shows Required documents according to the status of the applicant:

№	Applicant status	Required documents
1	Entity	Copies: certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service, confirmation of the authority of the head of the legal entity, applicant's passport, SNILS of the certificate holder, power of attorney confirming the authority of the certificate holder, power of attorney to receive the certificate (if not received by the owner) Original: application for the issuance of a certificate
2	IP	Copies: certificate of state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur, passport, SNILS Originals: an application for the production of a certificate, a notarized power of attorney confirming the authority of the certificate holder acting on behalf of the individual entrepreneur (if the owner of the Certificate is not an individual entrepreneur), a notarized power of attorney to receive a certificate (if the certificate is received by a representative of the individual entrepreneur)
3	Individual	Copies: SNILS, passport original: statement

Step 6. Get EDS

You can get a signature at the points of issue, of which there are now many. Their addresses can be found on the website of the selected center.

An electronic signature is usually produced in 2-3 days. Some CAs provide a service for its urgent registration and issuance (within an hour). Having visited the point at the appointed time, providing the original documents (for verification), you will receive your EDS.

Remember! The electronic signature is valid for a year, then it needs to be renewed or reissued.

5. Where to get an EDS - an overview of the TOP-3 certification centers

Traditionally, I present to you a selection of companies providing digital signature services to help you.

Today I bring to your attention 3 specialized centers.

The company offers its clients the execution of various certificates of ES keys.

State portals, electronic auction, tenders, public procurement will become available to owners of digital signatures issued by high-class specialists from Alfa-Service. The company is ready to urgently produce any digital signature, and then the procedure for obtaining it will take no more than 10 minutes.

Flexible prices and permanent promotions within the company's loyalty program make EDS available to everyone.

Taxcom UC has been operating in the field of electronic document management since 2000. During its existence, the company has established permanent cooperation with various organizations, enterprises and government agencies.

Partners and clients are:

• various ministries and departments (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economic Development, Federal Tax Service, etc.);
• well-known brands (Nokia, Svyaznoy, HeadHunter, etc.):
• credit organizations (Sberbank, Alfa-Bank, etc.);
• Russian Post, etc.

Clients are attracted by the reliability and impeccable reputation of the company and the undeniable advantages that Taxcom has.

Job benefits:

• there is accreditation;
• a wide range of ES for various purposes (request for quotations, construction tenders, etc.);
• experienced professionals;
• a new generation of secure information carriers.

The Center for Paperless Technologies was founded in 2016 by separating the direction of paperless technologies from Garant-Park LLC into a separate company.

The center provides a wide range of services in 2 major areas:

• paperless technologies in document circulation;
• electronic trading.

The company offers its customers an increase in sales thanks to the Center's online service for selecting an auction according to the parameters they set.

It allows:

• find a suitable tender or procurement;
• track trades in the Russian Federation and abroad;
• win more auctions.

6. How to store an electronic digital signature - 3 proven ways

AT modern world the problem of protecting various information, including the electronic signature, is becoming more and more urgent.

For its safety, the owners use various ways. I will briefly tell you about the most common ones.

Method 1: Local storage

A very common storage method is local. In this case, the electronic signature is placed on the computer, for example, in the registry.

Cons of the local method:

• no key mobility;
• there is no way to constantly control the key by its owner.

Method 2: Cloud storage

This method involves storing the key on a remote secure service.

To use it, you need to go through a strong multi-stage authentication, which greatly increases the security of this vault.

Method 3. Storage on tokens

And finally, the third way - tokens.

A token is a device capable of generating a key pair and an EDS. The main purpose of this device is to store electronic keys.

By entrusting your electronic digital signature to a token, you will reliably protect it from intruders.

To use it, you must enter a PIN code. It's almost impossible to pick it up. In addition, 3 unsuccessful attempts and the token will be blocked.

Benefits of storing ES on a token:

• highly reliable storage method;
• PIN code access;
• The PIN code is not transmitted over the network, which means that it cannot be intercepted;
• long term of use (5-20 years);
• does not require wiring, power supply, special readers.

Some additional information you will find out by watching the video.

7. Conclusion

Summarize! In times of continuous computerization, an electronic signature is necessary for both organizations and individuals. It saves time, expands the possibilities!

An electronic digital signature (EDS) gives its owners access from any convenient place where there is an Internet connection to a wide range of public services, electronic trading, auctions, electronic reporting, etc.

Questions for readers

What points of this topic, in your opinion, need to be covered in more detail or even write a separate article for this?

Keep up with the times, do not give up modern technologies!

We will be grateful for feedback and comments on the topic of the article! If the material turned out to be useful, let your friends and colleagues in social networks find out about it - put likes!

With the help of which it is possible to establish whether the information contained in an electronic document has been distorted since the moment the signature was formed, and also allows you to confirm that a particular document belongs to the owner.

Deciphering the basic concepts

Each electronic signature must be confirmed by a special certificate that certifies the identity of the owner. You can get a certificate in a special center or from a trusted representative.

The owner of the certificate is an individual to whom the certification center has issued an electronic signature certificate. Each owner has two signature keys: public and private. The ES private key allows you to sign electronic documents, it can be used to generate an electronic signature. It is kept secret, like a pin code from a bank card.

The function of the public key is to verify the authenticity of the signature on documents. It is associated with a closed "colleague" in a one-to-one order.

In law

The Federal Law "On Electronic Digital Signature" subdivides ES into several types: simple ES, enhanced unqualified and qualified ES. Using a simple electronic signature, you can confirm the fact of creating an ES for a specific person. This is done through the use of passwords, codes, and other means.

An enhanced unqualified digital signature is the result of a cryptographic transformation of information, which is performed using the private key of the electronic signature. With the help of such a signature, it is possible to establish the identity of the signer of the document, as well as to detect, if any, changes that have occurred since the signing of the papers.

Qualified signature

The enhanced qualified ES has the same features, however, to create it, the DS is checked using certified Federal Service security of cryptoprotection means. Certificates of such a signature can only be issued in an accredited certification center, and nowhere else.

According to the same law, signatures of the first two types are equivalent to a handwritten signature on a paper document. Between people performing any operation using ES, it is necessary to conclude an appropriate agreement.

The third type (qualified digital signature) is an analogue of not only a handwritten signature, but also a seal. Thus, documents certified by such a signature have legal force and are recognized by regulatory authorities (FTS, FSS and others).

Application for legal entities

Currently, EDS is most often used for a legal entity. The technology of digital signatures in electronic document management is widely used. The purpose of the latter can be different: external and internal exchange, documents can be of a personnel or legislative nature, organizational, administrative or commercial and industrial, in a word, everything that can get by with only a signature and a seal. EDS registration must be produced in an accredited center.

For internal document flow a digital signature is useful in that it allows you to quickly initiate the fact of approval of papers that organize internal processes. EDS allows the director not only to sign documents while out of the office, but also not to store piles of papers.

In inter-corporate document management, an electronic digital signature is one of the most important conditions, because without it, digital papers have no legal force and cannot be used as evidence in the event of a lawsuit. An electronic document signed with an enhanced electronic signature retains its legitimacy even if long-term storage in the archive.

Electronic reporting

EDS is indispensable for reporting to regulatory authorities. Many documents can be submitted electronically instead of carrying a whole pile of forms. The client can not only choose the time and not stand in line, but also submit reports in a way convenient for him: through 1C programs, portals public institutions or separate software specifically designed for this. EDS will be a fundamental element in such a process. For a legal entity that has received an electronic signature certificate, the main criterion should be the reliability of the certification center, but the method of its delivery is unimportant.

public services

Most citizens have come across the term "electronic signature" on various sites. One of the ways to verify an account, for example, on a portal that provides access to many government services, is confirmation by means of an electronic signature. Moreover, digital signature for individuals allows you to sign any digital documents sent to a particular department, or receive signed letters, contracts and notifications. If the executive authority accepts electronic documents, then any citizen can send an application signed with a digital signature and not waste their time filing papers on a first-come, first-served basis.

UEC

An analogue of an EDS for individuals is a universal electronic card into which an enhanced qualified electronic signature is embedded. The UEC has the form of a plastic card and is an identification tool for a citizen. It is unique, like a passport. Through this card, you can carry out many actions - from paying and receiving public services, to replacing documents such as a medical policy and a SNILS card.

A universal electronic card can be combined with an electronic wallet, bank account and even a travel ticket, in a word, with any of the documents that can be accepted digitally. Is it convenient to carry only one document? Or is it easier to keep everything in paper form? This issue will have to be resolved by every citizen in the near future, because technology is becoming more and more firmly rooted in our lives.

Other applications

Also, documents signed by ES are used to conduct electronic trading. The presence of a digital signature in this case guarantees buyers that the offers at the auction are real. In addition, contracts not signed with the help of the EOC have no legal force.

Electronic documents can be used as evidence when considering cases in an arbitration court. Any certificates or receipts, as well as other papers certified by a digital signature or other analogue of a signature, are written evidence.

Document flow between individuals occurs mainly in paper form, however, it is possible to transfer papers or conclude contracts using ES. Remote workers can use a digital signature to electronically submit acceptance certificates.

How to choose a certificate

Since there are three types of electronic signature, citizens often have a question about which certificate is better. It should be remembered that any ES is an analogue of a handwritten signature, and on this moment The legislation of the Russian Federation establishes that a person has the right to use them at his own discretion.

The choice of a digital signature directly depends on the tasks that will be solved through it. If reporting is being prepared to the regulatory authorities, you will need to have qualified signature. For inter-corporate document management, a qualified electronic signature is also most often required, because only it not only gives documents legal force, but also allows you to establish authorship, control changes and the integrity of papers.

Internal document flow can be carried out with all types of digital signatures.

How to sign an EDS document?

The main question for those who need to use an electronic digital signature for the first time is how the document is signed. Everything is simple with papers - I signed and gave it away, but how to do it on a computer? Such a process is impossible without the use of special software. The program for EDS is called cryptographic provider. It is installed on a computer, and various activities with forms are already carried out in its environment.

There are a fairly large number of crypto providers, both commercial and free. All of them are certified government bodies, however, if interaction with 1C:Enterprise is required, then the choice should be made on one of two products: VipNet CSP or CryptoPro CSP. The first program is free, and the second will need to be bought. You should also be aware that when installing two crypto providers at the same time, conflicts are inevitable, therefore, for correct operation, one of them will have to be removed.

Convenient, according to user reviews, an application for generating digital signatures is called CyberSafe. It not only allows you to sign documents, but also works as a certification center, that is, this program checks the digital signature. Also, the user can upload documents to the server, so the signed agreement or certificate will be available to all enterprise specialists who have access to the program, and there will be no need to send it to everyone by e-mail. On the other hand, you can also make it so that only a certain group of people get access.

EDO - mandatory or not?

Many enterprises have already appreciated that EDS is a convenience, and electronic document management(EDI) saves time, but whether or not to use it is entirely a personal choice. For the implementation of EDI, it is not necessary to connect the operator; by agreement, you can use the usual email or by any other means of electronic transmission of information, it all depends on the agreement between the participants in the exchange.

The organization of any electronic document management is associated with certain costs, in addition, you will have to install and configure a program for signing documents - a cryptographic provider. This can be done both on your own and use the services of specialists who install the software remotely, even without a visit to the client's office.

EPC in internal EDI

In the case of inter-corporate turnover, the pros and cons are immediately clear, and the positive aspects are in the clear majority. Among the shortcomings, one can note only the costs of the EDS key, the organization of software (even if this is a one-time waste), as well as minimizing personal meetings of company representatives and managers, but if necessary, a meeting can be organized.

But what will be useful electronic document management within the enterprise? How will the costs of supplying all employees with EDS keys be paid off?

Using digital documents saves time: instead of first printing out the necessary paper and then looking for it among a pile of printouts or even going to another office if a network printer is used, an employee can sign and send everything without getting up from the table. In addition, when switching to EDI, the cost of paper, toner and maintenance of printers is significantly reduced.

Digital documents can also be a tool for maintaining confidentiality. An electronic signature cannot be forged, which means that even if an employee or manager has ill-wishers inside the company, they will not be able to perform any substitution of documents.

Often, innovations move slowly, so that it may be difficult for employees to get used to the new format of filing documents at first, but once they appreciate the convenience of the EDS, they will no longer want to return to running around with pieces of paper.

Psychological barrier

Electronic digital signatures have appeared relatively recently, so it is difficult for many to perceive them as a real analogue of familiar paper documents. At many enterprises, a similar problem arises: employees simply do not consider the contract signed until the paper has a real seal and signature. They use scans from paper documents and easily lose their EDS key. Get over this psychological barrier help ... one more piece of paper. Officially certified by a "wet" signature, the provision on electronic document management will let employees understand that this is a serious thing, and digital documents should be treated the same way as analog ones.

Another problem may arise in the educational part. Many companies employ older workers. They are valuable personnel, experienced in their field, have a lot of experience, but it can be quite difficult for them to explain how to use an electronic digital signature, because they have just recently been mastering e-mail, and here everything is much more complicated, and even there are many nuances.

The task of training can be transferred to the IT department or to resort to the help of third-party specialists. Many companies provide computer training and courses for their employees, where they are explained the basics of working with e-mail and various programs. Why not include an application for generating digital signatures in this list?

Do you need an EPC? Want to learn how to create an electronic signature for public services? Where and how to get it, saving time on searching necessary information? Check out a simple and understandable description, which will tell you how to solve these problems, avoiding mistakes.

Note: There is an opinion that in order to access a personal account on the public services portal, a key (EDS) is required. This is not entirely true. The attribute (flash drive) is necessary for legal entities, i.e. for individual entrepreneurs, LLCs and other commercial organizations. Individuals just need to go through authorization. Standard registration (receiving an activation code by E-mail) expands access to receiving services and creates a simple electronic signature.

Explanation of abbreviations in the text:

• EDS (ED) - Electronic Digital Signature;
• CA - Certifying Authority;
• NEP - Unqualified Electronic Signature;
• QEP - Qualified Electronic Signature;
• UEC - Universal Electronic Card;
• SNILS - pension insurance certificate (green plastic card);
• FTS - Federal Tax Service.

Types of electronic signature

There are three types of EP. The most common one, which we often use, does not have the same degrees of information protection as the other two - Reinforced. They differ in status and their scope is not the same. Let's take a look at their differences:

1. Simple ES involves the use of a username and password. When accessing the services, to confirm the operation, a one-time code may be requested, sent via a CMS message or mail. This kind of identification is often encountered. For this, you do not need to contact specialized centers.
2. Reinforced unqualified signature– this attribute not only identifies the sender, but also captures changes to the signed document. Get UNP in the certification center. The scope of the NEP is limited. State and municipal documents containing a secret cannot be signed with it.
3. Reinforced qualified EP has the most a high degree protection at the legislative level. Electronic documents are equated to paper documents with all the attributes of the sighting and have the same legal force. The certificate, which is issued together with the key, contains information on its verification. To carry out legally significant operations, it is necessary to use this key (signature).

For a simpler difference between them, let's draw an analogy with understandable paper attributes of personal identification:

1. a simple EP is equivalent to a badge if the PC (phone) was used by others, you are responsible for the consequences yourself;
2. unqualified ES– it's like a pass in an organization where there is an element of trust between the parties;
3. qualified ES– the passport, gives the right to use all services, is the most significant element of personal identification in legal transactions.

Note:It is up to you to decide what type of signature you need, but a qualified ES covers all services provided on the Single Portal, of which there are a little less than a thousand. Therefore, further we will focus on its creation and receipt.

Where do you get an electronic signature?

To access all portal services, you must have an enhanced qualified signature. You can do this before registration or after. The second option is preferable, because you will make sure that an EDS is really necessary for public services.

What should be done on the site?

1. Get data about Accredited Certification Centers.
2. Choose the one available to you.
3. Make inquiries about the level of service provided and the prices for the service.
4. Submit an application.

Note:Some CAs have the opportunity to receive training on the use of electronic signatures, on bidding, working with various document extensions, etc.

On the portal of public services, you can apply for an EP at the center that you select. It is possible to first contact the CA, and then register using the existing electronic signature (for legal entities, this is a prerequisite).

Note:Regardless of the option chosen– You need to obtain a qualified electronic signature at the Certification Center. Depending on the degree of secrecy of legally significant transactions, the type of EDS is selected.

How to create an application for obtaining an EDS for public services?

I’ll make a reservation right away that the process of issuing ES keys to both legal entities and individuals is constantly undergoing changes. For example, the widely advertised CA Rostelecom does not work for technical reasons.

The project of obtaining a free key using the UEC has been suspended. Perhaps by the time the article is published, the situation will change in better side. The question arises: how to create an electronic signature for public services now?

Programs required for the operation of the ES

In order for the ES attributes to work, several programs must be installed. You can do it yourself. You will need Vipnet CSP and one of two signature verification programs: CryptoARM or Vipnet CryptoFile.

CryptoPro EDS Browser plug-in

If the EDS does not work in some programs, for example, Office or Banking systems, set CryptoPro EDSBrowser plug— in. the possibilities of using and verifying the signature will expand. Or… For a public services website, download the plugin, which is automatically detected on the page: ds-plugin.gosuslugi.ru/plugin/upload/Index.spr

Note:The key is valid for 13 months, so do not miss the moment of updating the data. The flash drive comes with a one year warranty.– it is also better to replace it. How to do this in your personal account on your own, you will be told at the CA.

How to get an electronic signature for public services for free?

A qualified electronic signature, which provides for a trip to the CA, cannot be purchased for free. This mostly applies to legal entities. Individuals can get wider powers by registering on the public services website with the help of SNILS.

To understand the need for one or the other account, study the information on the page gosuslugi.ru/help/faq#q .

Note: When asked how to get an electronic signature for public services for free, we answer: unfortunately, no way. You can expand your powers for free, but you have to pay for an EDS for public services in the form of a flash drive - an electronic token. The price depends on the functionality of the key and the pricing of the CA.

EDS verification for public services

To make sure that the electronic signature that you purchased from the CA is working, go to the gosuslugi.ru/pgu/eds page. Check the certificate and file handling. It will not cause difficulties - everything is simple there. As a result, get the ES data and the message: Document authenticity confirmed.

Will EP be suitable for other resources?

Unfortunately, the electronic signature key for public services will not be valid, for example, for the FTS portal. Tax authorities need a different type of (non-) qualified signature. It must contain the TIN data, and sometimes the prescribed powers of the legal entity. Therefore, for different needs, you need to purchase separate keys. This is inconvenient, but so far the signature has not been made universal.

Hello! In this article we will talk about electronic digital signature.

Today you will learn:

1. What is an EDS and in what areas can it be applied;
2. On the legal force of a signature of this format;
3. About the benefits that its presence provides.

EDS has been a tool for some time, thanks to which the movement of documentation is simplified. And this happens not only within the company, but also outside it. How to become its owner, consider today.

EDS - what is it in simple words

Everyone knows that any document is signed by a person who has such authority. This is done in order to give the document legal force. Thanks to modern technologies, the entire document flow goes into electronic form. And it turned out to be extremely convenient!

What is EDS in simple terms?

EDS – this is an analogy to a conventional signature, which is used to give legal effect to documentation located on an electronic medium.

It is usually stored on a flash drive.

Advantages:

1. Simplifies and speeds up the process of data exchange (when there is cooperation with foreign companies);
2. Reducing the costs associated with document management;
3. Increasing the level of security for information of a commercial nature.

Terms related to EDS

Two other concepts are closely related to this concept: key and electronic signature certificate.The certificate confirms that the ES belongs to a specific person. It is strong and ordinary. An enhanced certificate is issued either by a certification authority or by the FSB.

The key is the characters in the sequence. They are usually used in pairs. The first is the signature itself, the other confirms that it is genuine. To sign each newly created document, a new key is generated.

The information that is received at the CA is not a digital signature, it is a means to create it.

A bit of history

The first EPs began to be used in Russia in 1994. And the law to regulate their use was adopted in 2002. It was extremely vague and ambiguous in its terminology. The issue of obtaining a signature was also practically not covered in it.

Since 2011, state structures have switched to electronic document management. And all officials received an EDS.

In 2012, this process took on a global scale, and thanks to this, we can now become the owners of universal modern signatures.

How to get an electronic digital signature

Consider a situation in which a person has evaluated all the advantages of this tool and a decision has been made to obtain an EDS. So, the question arose: what needs to be done for this? Let's talk about this in more detail.

To obtain an electronic digital signature, you need to go through several important steps:

• Decide on the type of signature;
• Select a certification authority;
• Fill out an application;
• Pay the invoice;
• Collect the necessary documentation package;
• Get an EDS.

Now we will discuss each step in detail.

Step 1. Choose the type of signature that best suits you.

Over the past period of time, the number of those who want to receive an enhanced electronic signature has increased. This is due to the fact that it can confirm not only the identity of the sender of the document, but is also protected to the maximum. According to a number of experts, simple EDS will soon cease to exist completely.

Let's present in the form of a table in which areas they are used different kinds signatures.

Step 2 Select a certification authority.

If you need to get an EDS in order to submit reports, choose a qualified one, but if you just keep a document flow, then a simple one.

Let us clarify that the CA is a legal entity, the purpose of which is the formation and issuance of an EDS.

In addition, the UC carries out the following activities:

• Verifies that the signature is valid;
• If necessary, blocks the EDS;
• Acts as a mediator if a conflict situation suddenly arises;
• Provides technical support;
• Provides required software to clients.

There are about 100 UTs in the Russian Federation. It is better to choose the one that suits your location and capabilities. You can first check if there are any in your city. It's easy to do: just look at the information on the official website.

Step 3. Making an application.

To do this, either visit the office of the center, or fill it out online. The remote method allows you to avoid a personal visit to the CA, that is, save a certain amount of time.

As soon as the submission of the application is completed, the CA specialist contacts the client to clarify the data specified in it. You can ask questions and get advice.

Step 4. We pay.

You will have to pay for the service in advance. As soon as the application is accepted, all the details are agreed, the client is billed. The cost may vary, as it depends on the region where the client lives, on the company itself and on what kind of EDS you want to receive.

Moreover, the price range is quite large - from 1500 to 8000 rubles.

Documents for EDS

When collecting documents, an important nuance is the following: an EDS is needed for an individual, an EDS for a legal entity, or for an individual entrepreneur. Therefore, we will characterize the documentation separately.

To obtain a signature, individuals must collect the following set of documentation:

• Completed application form;
• Passport with photocopy;
• SNILS;
• Receipt confirming the payment of the invoice.

If the recipient has a trustee, they can handle the submission of documents. The only thing you need is a power of attorney to perform such actions.

Legal entities need to prepare:

• Completed application;
• Certificate of OGRN;
• Certificate of TIN;
• (not overdue);
• Passport with a copy of the person who will use the EDS;
• Payment receipt;
• SNILS of the person who will use the EDS;
• If the signature will be used by the director, an order must be provided on the basis of which he holds this position;
• For other employees, powers of attorney are required so that they can use the EDS.

IP provide:

• Completed application;
• Certificate of OGRNIP;
• Certificate of TIN;
• An extract from the register of entrepreneurs, which is not more than 6 months old (a copy is possible);
• Receipt confirming payment.

If the application was submitted remotely, required documents sent to the CA by mail, if personally, then along with the application.

Electronic signature for individuals

For individuals, there are 2 types of signatures: qualified and unqualified. The procedure for obtaining, when compared with legal entities, is much simpler.

Individuals usually use ES to sign certain papers.

Currently, such systems have been developed for its application, such as:

• Unified portal of public services;
• ESIA network, for various information.

For the ESIA, a simple type of ES is sufficient, but for the public services portal, a qualified one is used.

To obtain an EDS, a citizen also applies to the CA, with all the documents and an application. You also need to have a flash drive with you, on which the private part of the key, known only to the owner, will be written.

The procedure looks like this:

• Apply to the CA for a certificate and to obtain an EDS key;
• Choose a password;
• Filling out forms for obtaining keys;
• Submission of all documents;
• Obtaining a certificate for keys.

Electronic signature for legal entities

The receipt algorithm is practically the same as obtaining a signature by an individual. In the same way, a CA is selected, all the necessary documents are collected, and the invoice is paid. The only thing to remember is that the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities must be received on time, since the process of its preparation takes about 5 days.

Hash function: why you need it

hash function is a unique number that is obtained from the document by converting it using an algorithm.

It has an increased sensitivity to various kinds of document distortions, if at least one character in the original document changes, it will be distorted most of hash value characters.

The hash function is designed in such a way that it is impossible to restore the original document by its value, and it is also impossible to find 2 different electronic documents, which have the same hash value.

To form an EDS, the sender calculates the hash function of the document and encrypts it using a secret key.

In simple terms, it is designed to simplify the exchange of data between users. It is a key data protection tool.

The file being signed goes through the hashing procedure. And the recipient will be able to verify the authenticity of the document.

Legal force of EDS

An EDS has the same legal force as an ordinary signature in a paper version of a document, if it was applied without violations. If deviations were found, the document is not valid. The state regulates the process of using EDS by the Federal legislation.

EDS validity period

The EDS is valid for 12 months from the day it was received. As soon as this period ends, it is extended or another one is received.

Summing up. The use of EDS brings the greatest benefit large companies and businesses. Thanks to it, the document flow becomes cheaper, wide horizons for business open up.

It is also beneficial for ordinary citizens to have it. No need to stand in lines, order the state. services without leaving home. EDS is a modern, convenient and profitable tool.