Instructions on labor protection for production workers. Instructions for the types of work

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. The following persons are allowed to work as an auxiliary worker:
- passed a medical examination;
- passed introductory briefing on labor protection and initial briefing at work.
1.2. To independent work an auxiliary worker is allowed after an internship at the workplace for 2-6 shifts and a test of knowledge of safe working methods and techniques.
1.3. Re-instructing the auxiliary worker takes place once every 6 months.
1.4. An auxiliary worker may be exposed to the following harmful and hazards:
– moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts production equipment, moving products, materials;
— collapsing stacks of stored materials;
- increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area;
- reduced air temperature of the working area;
- increased air movement;
— danger of electric shock;
- sharp edges, burrs, uneven surfaces of equipment, tools, inventory, containers;
- physical overload.
1.5. The auxiliary worker is provided with special clothing and means personal protection in accordance with the Norms approved by the head of the institution. An auxiliary worker is issued:
- cotton robe or cotton suit;
- combined mittens;
when performing work on loading and unloading dusty cargo additionally:
- respirator;
- goggles;
in winter additionally:
— a jacket on the warming lining;
— trousers on the warming lining;
- felt boots.
1.6. The support worker must:
follow the rules of the internal work schedule;
observe the rules of personal hygiene;
comply with the requirements of this instruction on labor protection and other instructions, knowledge of which is mandatory in accordance with official duties;
comply with the fire regulations of the institution.
1.7. An auxiliary worker notifies his immediate supervisor of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, of every accident that occurs at work, of a deterioration in his health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute illness.

2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put sanitary clothes in order: fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, tuck in the clothes so that there are no fluttering ends, put the hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
It is not allowed: to pin clothes with pins, needles; keep sharp, breakable objects in the pockets of clothing; work in light shoes (slippers, sandals, sandals).
2.2. Check the availability of equipment, inventory, fixtures and tools necessary for work.
2.3. Prepare the work area for safe work:
free the working area, passages, driveways and places for storing goods from foreign objects;
check the condition of the floors (absence of potholes, unevenness, slipperiness, unprotected wells, etc.);
check the sufficiency of workplace lighting;
check that there are no hanging or bare ends of the wiring.
2.4. Check the serviceability of inventory, fixtures and tools.
2.5. Make sure that the ballasts (starters, limit switches, etc.) work properly.
2.6. Report all detected shortcomings to your immediate supervisor and do not start work until they are eliminated.

3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. Perform only the work that is entrusted to the head and for which he was trained, instructed in labor protection.
3.2. Do not entrust your work to untrained and unauthorized persons.
3.3. Follow the rules for moving in the premises and on the territory of the clinic, use only the established passages.
3.4. Do not use random objects (boxes, barrels, etc.), equipment for sitting.
3.5. Use serviceable equipment, tools, devices necessary for safe work, use them only for the work for which they are intended.
3.6. Open valves, taps on pipelines slowly without jerks and great effort. Do not use hammers, wrenches or other objects for this purpose.
3.7. Keep the working area clean, remove spilled (spilled) products, fats, etc. from the floor in a timely manner. Store waste cleaning materials in metal box with tight lid.
3.8. When loading, unloading, moving and storing goods.
3.8.1. When carrying goods in rigid containers, use hand protection.
3.8.2. A load weighing more than 50 kg must be lifted by at least two workers.
3.8.3. When carrying loads simultaneously, the distance between workers (or groups of workers) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 m.
3.8.4. It is allowed to carry loads on a stretcher along a horizontal path to a distance of no more than 80 m. The stretcher should be overturned and lowered at the command of the worker walking behind.
3.8.5. Carrying loads on a stretcher up stairs is not allowed.
3.8.6. Manual lifting of stacked goods over 3 m in height is not allowed.
3.8.7. Move carts, mobile racks, containers should be in the direction "away from you".
3.8.8. Follow the accepted procedure for stacking and unstacking cargo. Unstacking of goods should be carried out only from top to bottom.
3.8.9. Do not clutter up driveways and passages between equipment, racks, stacks, passages to control panels, knife switches, escape routes and other passages with empty containers, inventory, cargo.
3.8.10. When moving box loads, protruding nails and the ends of the iron strapping must be hammered in and removed flush.
3.8.11. When moving rolling-drum cargoes on a horizontal surface, observe the following requirements:
when rolling barrels, be behind the transported cargo;
do not roll drums, pushing them by the edges, in order to avoid bruising of hands on other objects that are in the way of rolling the load;
do not carry rolling-barrel loads on the back, regardless of their weight.
3.9. When cleaning the area.
3.9.1. If there are large traumatic objects (wire, fittings, broken glass, etc.) in the cleaned area, remove them first.
3.9.2. In places of production of loading and unloading operations, cleaning should be carried out only after they are completed.
3.9.3. Clean up the area while facing oncoming traffic. When a transport appears on the cleaned part of the territory, stop cleaning for the duration of its passage.
3.9.4. When loading garbage onto a vehicle or when storing it in a designated place, be on the leeward side.
3.9.5. When servicing garbage trucks with a manipulator:
- prepare containers with garbage and move to a safe distance;
— it is forbidden to be in the area of ​​work of the manipulator when tipping the container into the body of the garbage truck.
3.10. During painting work.
3.10.1. In places of application of nitro-paints, paints and varnishes and other compounds that form explosive and flammable vapors, it is forbidden to use open fire and bring in lamps that are not made in explosion-proof design.
3.10.2. Do not use paints, solvents, thinners or adhesives of unknown composition.
3.10.3. When working with silicate paints, it is necessary to protect the skin of the hands and face.
3.10.4. Containers with materials (varnishes, nitro-paints) that have explosive vapors during breaks in work should be closed with appropriate plugs or lids and opened to prevent sparking with a brass hammer and chisel.
3.11. When working with an electrified tool, observe the safety requirements set forth in "" And 15-2014.
3.12. When working on leaning ladders and stepladders, observe the safety requirements set forth in "" And 16-2014.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
4.1. In the event of an emergency, notify the surrounding people of the danger, report to the immediate supervisor about the incident and act in accordance with his instructions.
4.2. In case of fire or fire, immediately inform the fire brigade by phone - 01, start extinguishing the fire with the available primary fire extinguishing equipment, report the fire to the immediate supervisor.
4.3. Provide first (pre-medical) aid to victims of injury, poisoning, sudden acute illness, following the instructions "" (I 01-2014), if necessary, call an ambulance medical care by phone - 03.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK
5.1. Remove the tools and fixtures to the place provided for this.
5.2. Put in order workplace.
5.3. Report all problems and deficiencies discovered during work to the immediate supervisor.

Agreed:
I approve: Chairman of the trade union committee
______________ P.P. Ivanov
"___"__________G.

APPROVE
CEO
PJSC "Company"
____________ P.P. Petrov

"___"___________ G.

Instruction on labor protection for security officers

1 General safety requirements

This instruction regulates the basic safety requirements for security guards (heads of guards) of PJSC "Company".
For independent work as a security guard, persons who have passed medical examination, introductory and primary briefing on labor protection and measures fire safety and those who completed an internship at the workplace for 2-14 shifts. Security guards are provided with overalls.
» Cotton suit GOST 27575-87 Mi.
» Jacket with warm lining GOST 29335-92 Mi.
The guard must:
1.1 Security guards must comply with the requirements of this instruction and other instructions for the types of work.
1.2 Instruction "On fire safety measures for employees".
1.3 Instruction "On labor protection for personnel operating personal computers".
1.4 The guards must know and be able to provide first aid to the victim in accordance with the instructions "On the provision of first aid to the victim."
1.5 Comply with the internal labor regulations of the enterprise, approved by the administration and trade union committee and only the work assigned to him.
1.6 Observe precautions when moving around the territory of the enterprise and in the shops, paying attention to the work of intra-shop and intra-factory transport.
1.7 Know the sequence of first aid (first aid) to the victim.
1.8 If you receive a work injury, inform the head of the guard or a nearby security guard and contact the first-aid post.
1.9 For violation of labor protection requirements, the employee is responsible for:
— Disciplinary (remark, reprimand, dismissal);
— Material (bonus deduction based on the results of the month or year);
- Criminal if the violation resulted in an accident or death.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

When on duty, the guard must:
2.1. Check the lighting of the post and the surrounding area.
2.2. Check the availability of fire extinguishing equipment, first aid kit.
2.3. Check the serviceability of gates, viewing platforms, ladders, electric heaters, electrical wiring, the presence of non-flammable supports.
2.4. Report all detected malfunctions to the head of the guard.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1 The territory of the enterprise along the perimeter and internal facilities with the onset of darkness should be illuminated in such a way that it is possible to survey places and approaches to them that are difficult to access for protection. Places of earthworks (pits, trenches, etc.) on the territory of the facility or on the route of movement of the security guard from one facility to another must have a fence and signal lighting in the dark. For inspection of poorly lit places it is necessary to use portable lanterns.
3.2 When passing through the territory building object(in the working area) of the crane, the guard should not be under the load being lifted or the scaffolding on which the work is being done, as this is life threatening.
3.3 When passing transport to the territory of the enterprise and back, the guard must secure the open gate with special hooks (clamps) and stand in a safe place (determined by the head of the guard at each post). Inspection of transport is carried out from viewing platforms and with the help of ladders.

4. Safety requirements in emergency and emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an accident at a protected facility, immediately inform the head of the guard to act on his instructions and, if there are victims, provide first (pre-medical) medical assistance.
4.2. If a fire is detected, act in accordance with the instructions "On fire safety measures for employees."
4.3. In case of collapse of buildings and structures, it is impossible to enter damaged rooms, the walls of which threaten to collapse.
4.4. If the water is contaminated with harmful substances, it is forbidden to use water even after boiling.
4.5. In case of an accident with the release of potent toxic substances, it is necessary to use a gas mask or cotton-gauze bandages moistened with water (scarves, towels, etc.) and get out of the lesion as soon as possible. If this is not possible, immediately seal the room by hanging material moistened with water on doors, windows, ventilation openings.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

The security guard must report to the head of the guard about all the malfunctions discovered during the duty, make an entry in the guard log and inform the guard receiving the post.

The purpose of this regulatory document is to ensure the safety of life and health of workers, to protect them from exposure to harmful and dangerous production factors.

With regard to labor protection, there are several areas or types of safety instructions:

• instructions on labor protection for positions (for example, for an accountant or a crane operator);
• instructions for labor protection in production certain works(for example, when working with power tools or when servicing scrubbers);
• separate situational instructions regulating the behavior of personnel in case of emergency (first aid, behavior in case of fire, etc.)

Information on the content and procedure for developing labor protection instructions for positions and areas can be found in the article "Samples of labor protection instructions".

In accordance with Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, all personnel of the organization, including managers, must be trained in labor protection, followed by testing the knowledge and skills of safe work skills. The responsibility for organizing this process lies with the head of the enterprise and should be set out in his job description. Occupational health and safety is not limited to the presence of separate instructions, and their presence does not mean trouble-free operation. Organize and conduct training for your staff.

Below we will briefly discuss the situational instructions, which in without fail should be in any company.

Fire safety

The obligatory presence of instructions on labor protection and fire safety is determined by Section XVIII of the Rules for the fire regime, approved by Government Decree No. 390 dated April 25, 2012.

When developing this document, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of the Federal Laws of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ “On Fire Safety” and of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, which contain the basic wording, terms and requirements for fire safety , as well as technical information about fire standards.

Legislation is harsh on violators who neglect fire safety rules, responsible persons (and the employer - responsible person in any case) may be subject to a fine of up to 1,000,000 rubles, and in doing so, go to prison for up to 7 years.

Sample instruction on fire safety measures

First aid

The obligation of the employer to train its employees in providing first aid to victims is established by article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Training must be carried out with the invitation of a medical worker.

The order of training and terms are specified in the Appendix to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of 13.01.2003 No. 1/29 (clause 2.2.4).

To do this, the employer needs to develop instructions and include them in the initial briefing program.

Training of workers in first aid to victims should be carried out periodically and at least once a year.

All new recruits must complete the training within a timeframe to be determined by the employer in its normative document about learning. However, this period cannot exceed one month from the date of employment.

Sample instructions for providing first aid to victims

electrical safety

In principle, there are no jobs left that do not use electricity. And since electricity is being used, personnel must be trained and familiar with safe working methods when operating equipment under voltage.

Let us make a reservation right away that electrical and electrotechnical personnel is a separate issue, employees from this category undergo special training, internships and periodic testing of knowledge with the assignment of a special electrical safety group. The rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations were approved by order of the Ministry of Labor dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n.

We will not touch electrical personnel(the first group of electrical safety) and an exclusively general issue of the operation of electrical appliances, the use of which does not require special knowledge, skills and abilities.

The first group applies to all personnel not related to electrical and electrical engineering. For non-electrotechnical personnel, by the way, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the order of the Ministry of Labor indicated above.

The list of positions and jobs that belong to the first group is determined by the head of the organization by the local normative act.

When applying for a job with a newcomer, it is necessary to conduct a lesson on safe work with electrical equipment (kettles, computers, fans, etc.), following which, check how the received material is learned (as a rule, an oral survey is enough, but sometimes you can ask to demonstrate safe working methods).

The results of testing the acquired knowledge are recorded in a special journal (Journal of electrical safety briefings for 1 group), which can be purchased at almost any stationery store.

The log should contain the following information

	Full name of the employee	Position	Date of assignment of 1 group	Employee's signature	Signature of the grantor	Note

The assignment of the first group is carried out by an employee from among the electrical personnel who has a third electrical safety group, appointed by order of the head of the organization. If there is no such employee in the state, it is necessary to invite him.

Instruction No.___

INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection
for a worker in the complex maintenance and repair of buildings

1. General safety requirements

1.1. To work as a worker complex service and repair of buildings are allowed persons:

• not younger than 18 years old;
• passed a preliminary (before employment) and periodic (during work) medical examination;
• having the appropriate qualifications;
• passed the introductory briefing on labor protection;
• having II group on electrical safety;
• have undergone initial on-the-job training.

1.2. A worker is allowed to work independently after an internship at the workplace for 6-8 shifts and testing knowledge of safe working methods and techniques.

1.3. A worker undergoes a repeated briefing once every 6 months and at least once a year, a periodic medical examination and another test of knowledge of labor protection requirements.

1.4. The worker for the complex maintenance and repair of buildings is obliged to:

• perform only the work specified work instruction;
• comply with the internal labor regulations;
• correctly apply means of individual and collective protection;
• comply with labor protection requirements;
• immediately notify your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurred at work, or about the deterioration of your health, including the manifestation of signs of acute occupational disease(poisoning);
• undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work and providing first aid to victims at work, instructing in labor protection, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
• undergo mandatory periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations(examinations), as well as undergo extraordinary medical examinations (examinations) at the direction of the employer in cases provided for by the Labor Code and other federal laws;
• be able to provide first aid to victims of electric current and other accidents;
• be able to use the means of primary fire extinguishing.

1.5. When performing work on complex maintenance and repair of buildings, the worker may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors:

• moving machines and mechanisms;
• unprotected moving parts of equipment;
• work at height;
• danger of electric shock;
• sharp edges of the material.

1.6. A worker in the complex maintenance and repair of buildings must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment, in accordance with the "Model Industry Standards for the Free Issue of Special Clothing, Special Footwear and Other Personal Protective Equipment" and the collective agreement. Need to issue:

• a suit for protection against general industrial pollution;
• rubber boots;
• gloves.

When working with power tools, it is necessary to additionally issue dielectric means of individual protection (gloves, galoshes, rugs).

Personal protective equipment issued to workers must be pre-checked (tested). Attached tags must bear the inventory number and the date of the next test.

1.7. The workplace must be provided with sufficient space for the rational placement of auxiliary equipment, inventory, containers, and be convenient for the employee.

1.8. Not allowed:

• drink alcohol, use psychotropic, toxic or narcotic substances at the workplace or in work time, as well as to appear and be at the workplace and on the territory of the organization in a state of intoxication caused by the use of drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances, with residual effects of intoxication;
• perform work in a sick state, with overwork, alcohol, drug or toxic intoxication, with residual effects of intoxication.

1.9. In case of injury or indisposition, it is necessary to stop work, notify the work manager and contact a medical institution.

1.10. For non-compliance with this Instruction, the perpetrators are held accountable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Obtain a job assignment from your immediate supervisor.

2.2. Inspect and tidy up the workplace, remove all unnecessary and interfering objects.

2.3. Check the serviceability of the tools, devices necessary for the work, their compliance with safety requirements, arrange them in a convenient order. Tools should be well fixed on the handles; handles are made of dry wood, their surfaces are smooth, without cracks, chips, knots.

2.4. In the presence of local lighting, the lamp should be positioned so that the light does not blind the eyes when performing work.

2.5. Put in order and put on overalls, safety shoes, fasten or tie up the cuffs of the sleeves.

2.6. It is necessary to obtain instructions from the work manager on safe methods, techniques and the sequence of the work to be performed.

2.7. Before performing work at height, check the serviceability and reliability of ladders and ladders. Sliding stepladders must be stable, have devices that exclude the possibility of their spontaneous shift, and tested. The lower ends of the stepladders should have sharp-tipped fittings, and when used on hard floors (asphalt, concrete) - shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material. Stepladders with a height of more than 1.3 m must have stops.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The workplace should be kept clean and tidy, do not clutter up the workplace and aisles with products and waste.

3.2. Waste of broken glass, wood cuttings, linoleum should be collected in a box and removed from the workplace as it accumulates.

3.3. If there is a possible danger of material waste getting into the eyes when grinding, planing, cutting glass, cleaning frames from putty, glass, disassembling partitions, drilling ceiling holes, it is necessary to work in safety glasses. During work, the electrician must comply with labor and production discipline, rules and instructions for labor protection.

3.4. It is forbidden to work from the leaning ladder and ladder-ladder, being on the 2 upper steps. You can stand on a step at least 1 m from the top of the ladder.

3.5. When working from outlet scaffolds without fences, it is necessary to use a safety belt with a rope, which must be fastened to reliable structures.

3.6. When working at height, waste should be collected in a box and carried down; when dumping waste, damage to people and communications can be caused. Work areas must be fenced off.

3.7. When working at height, tools and materials should be stored in specially prepared places, preventing them from falling down.

3.8. When performing work in rooms with the use of quick-drying paints and varnishes containing harmful volatile solvents, workers must be provided with respirators of the appropriate type and goggles.

3.9. Pneumatic paint sprayers and hoses must be checked and tested before use at a pressure exceeding 1.5 times the working pressure. Pressure gauges on pneumatic devices must be checked and sealed.

3.10. It is necessary to prepare compositions for painting and perform painting work in rooms using compositions that emit volatile vapors harmful to human health, with open windows or with ventilation

3.11. The painting of the internal surfaces of closed containers (tanks, etc.) must be carried out with their mandatory ventilation with portable fans and illuminated by portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V in explosion-proof design.

3.12. In the area of ​​application of nitro-paints and other compounds that form dangerous volatile vapors, it is forbidden to smoke and work with fire, as well as work that causes sparking.

3.13. Paints and other materials for painting work containing toxic substances must comply with the requirements of GOST, OST, MRTU or RTU and be used in strict accordance with the requirements of the instructions or instructions for their use.

3.14. It is not allowed to use white lead for interior painting. Do not use benzene or leaded petrol as solvents.

3.15. When painting building structures, equipment and closed containers with perchlorovinyl paints (varnishes), it is necessary to use gas masks with forced air supply.

3.16. It is allowed to store perchlorvinyl paints and varnishes and solvents only in fire-resistant buildings specially designed for this purpose.

3.17. Metal containers for storing paints and varnishes should be closed with stoppers designed for this purpose and opened with a tool that does not cause sparking.

3.18. Internal plastering work, as well as the installation of free cornices and other details inside the premises, must be carried out from scaffolds or mobile tables installed on the floor or on solid flooring along the floor beams. The use of stepladders is allowed only for small plaster work.

3.19. External plastering work is carried out from inventory rack or suspended scaffolding, as well as from mobile tower scaffolding.

3.20. Plaster external slopes in the absence of scaffolding should be processed from cradles or from fenced decks laid on fingers protruding from openings

3.21. When performing work on flights of stairs, it is necessary to use special scaffolding (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps. The working platform must be horizontal and have a railing and side board.

3.22. The use of pigments harmful to health (red lead, lead crown, copper, etc.) for colored plaster solutions is not allowed.

3.23. Glass cutting should be done in a separate room on special tables.

3.24. Lifting and carrying glass to the installation site must be done mechanically in a special container. The lifting area should be fenced off or guarded.

3.25. Places on which work is carried out must be fenced or guarded; before starting work, check the strength and serviceability of the bindings.

3.27. Permission to work on the roof is allowed after inspecting the rafters, lathing (formwork), parapets and, if necessary, determining the places and methods for fixing the safety ropes of roofers.

3.28. When performing work on roofs, workers must be provided with safety belts, overalls and safety shoes.

3.29. Those working on a roof with a slope of more than 20° must be equipped with portable ladders at least 30 cm wide with sewn-on straps. Ladders must be securely fastened during operation.

3.30. It is allowed to stack piece materials, tools and containers on the roof only if measures are taken to prevent them from falling.

3.31. The area where materials, tools, etc. can fall from above must be protected.

3.32. It is forbidden to perform work during icy conditions, thick fog, winds of 6 points or more, heavy rain, thunderstorms and heavy snowfall.

3.33. When working on a roof with a slope of more than 20 °, as well as when working on the edge of the roof with any slope in the absence of a fence, workers are provided with safety belts and are attached to reliable structures. The place of fastening of the belts is indicated by the master.

3.34. When lifting transformers, machines and other heavy equipment, an insurance scheme should be developed. The cable rope must be fastened to frames, frames or parts specially designed for this purpose (rings, brackets, etc.).

3.35. Heavy, but small in size loads, move along the stairs of buildings with the help of a cable along the boards laid on the steps of the stairs. It is forbidden to stand on the steps of a ladder behind a load being lifted or in front of a load lowered with a cable.

3.37. Heavy loads are allowed to be moved on a horizontal surface using rollers. In this case, the path should be cleared of all foreign objects, and the ends of the rollers should not protrude from under the load by more than 0.5 m. To bring the rollers under the load, it is necessary to use crowbars and jacks. In order to avoid tipping over of the load, additional rollers should be placed under the front of the load.

3.38. When lowering the load on an inclined plane, it is necessary to use delay devices that prevent the load from rolling or sliding under its own gravity.

3.39. It is necessary to load drums with a cable onto a car and unload them from a car in a mechanized way and on level ground. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to roll a firmly sheathed drum on level ground to a distance of up to 50 m.

3.40. Cylinders should be moved in special stretchers or trolleys, and bottles in wicker baskets. It is necessary to lift these loads to a height in special containers. It is forbidden to lift them manually.

3.41. Loading and unloading operations with dust-like materials (cement, lime, gypsum, etc.) must be performed, as a rule, mechanized. Handmade for unloading cement at a temperature of 40 ° C and above are not allowed.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an emergency, turn off the operating equipment; notify the surrounding people about the danger, report to the immediate supervisor about the incident and act in accordance with his instructions.

4.2. In case of fire or fire, immediately inform the fire brigade by phone 01, start extinguishing the fire with the available primary fire extinguishing equipment, report the fire to the immediate supervisor.

4.3. Provide first (pre-medical) aid to victims of injury, poisoning, sudden acute illness, if necessary, call an ambulance by calling 103.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Turn off the equipment, tidy up your workplace, remove chips, waste.

5.2. Remove the tools and fixtures to the place provided for this.

5.3. Tidy up your workspace.

5.4. Report all problems and deficiencies discovered during work to the immediate supervisor.

Labor protection is the most important branch of work at every enterprise, especially where there is production. In order for the process of labor protection to be organized correctly, first of all, you need to have all the necessary documents.

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One of the first places in this list is occupational safety instructions.

concept

The instruction on labor protection is a document that regulates the process of safe work with equipment, devices and mechanisms, as well as the performance of any work.

This document is somewhat similar to the job description, but if it pays more attention to what the employee should do, then the documents regulating labor protection sign how the employee should do this or that job.

For all positions that are in staffing enterprises, there must be instructions on labor protection, as well as for all work that may pose a danger to the life and health of the employee performing them.

Purpose

The main purpose of OSH instructions is to ensure the safe work of employees.

It is the main document that describes safe work practices, safety measures that must be taken before starting work, as well as what measures must be taken in case of force majeure.

Are they required?

The head of any enterprise must have a set of instructions for the labor protection unit, this is directly stated in article 212 Labor Code Russian Federation.

Their development and approval is included in the overall set of measures to ensure labor safety at the enterprise.

Lack of this document may result in a fine for the employer.

And if his absence is discovered during the investigation of an industrial injury, then the consequences for the director of the company and the employee appointed responsible for labor protection will be very serious.

Kinds

All labor protection instructions can be conditionally divided into several types.

By positions (professions) and categories of employees

These instructions contain safe work practices for certain categories of workers in the enterprise.

For example, this could be a job description for an electrician, cleaner, driver, etc. It describes the entire algorithm of work performed by a particular employee, and applies only to employees working in this position.

If there are several units of the same position in the staffing table, then the job description of this type can be either one for everyone, or individual for everyone. This is determined by the job description.

Example

There are two electricians in the organization: Ivanov and Petrov, but one of them, according to the job description, has a traveling job, and the other is responsible for setting up equipment and electrical networks within the territory of the employer, respectively, their work algorithms will be different and it is better to draw up two instructions.

Note! The legislation does not clearly state that, as in the example above, the staff units of the same name should have two instructions. But the more specific and detailed references to the work performed in the instructions, the more the employer will protect himself and the employee in the event of an accident at the workplace.

By type of work

This type includes instructions regulating the performance of certain work, or the use of certain mechanisms and devices.

In this document, all information relates only to one specific subject, for example:

• computer work;
• work on a drilling machine;
• work with a ladder;
• performance of grass mowing;
• performing window cleaning work;
• performance of work on cleaning the charging shop, etc.

These instructions can be used by any workers who have a permit and are going to perform the work specified in them.

Also, for one position, several instructions can be applied.

Example

The cleaning lady of the organization once a month should arrange a general cleaning with washing windows and wiping dust on high racks. This means that, in addition to the instructions of the cleaner of the premises, she should also have instructions on labor protection when handling a stepladder and when washing windows.

For office workers

To office workers in this case will include employees whose work does not involve the following features:

• storage of raw materials and materials;
• maintenance, operation and adjustment of mechanisms and equipment;
• work with complex tools.

That is, they are mainly employees belonging to the administrative and management personnel, whose work functions are not related to heightened danger, but, nevertheless, for them, too, there should be instructions on labor protection.

Note! Employees of this category in some cases also need to have additional instructions.

Example

The accountant of the enterprise works on a computer and uses an electric machine for stapling documents. This means that her work will include instructions for labor protection on a personal computer and instructions for safe work on a machine for stapling documents.

At work

According to the law, all employees of the enterprise must be instructed at the workplace, its name and frequency are set for each category individually. To do this, use the instructions on labor protection collected for a particular position.

This package of documents must be at the workplace of the employee.

This is especially true of jobs associated with production risk more than other categories.

Example

For an electrician of an organization, the following list of instructions may be established at his workplace:

• electrician's instruction;
• instructions for working with an electrified tool;
• instructions for working with a ladder;
• instructions for working at height.

Labor protection instructions and their features

Who is developing this document?

The legislation obliges the head of the organization to ensure the creation and approval of instructions.

But the employees responsible for a particular area of ​​work should directly develop the text of the document, since it is the chiefs and foremen of the sections who are best acquainted with the specifics of the work of a particular type of work.

The procedure for creating instructions at each enterprise is established individually.

If the enterprise is small, then the development of instructions for the working personnel can be entrusted to the chief engineer or chief power engineer, but not to the person responsible for labor protection, unless, of course, he combines positions.

The fact is that most often, employees who are responsible for labor protection do not have a practical knowledge base in complex production processes. But they should help with methodological recommendations, and indicate which normative act is better to use to write instructions.

In addition, when the text of the document is drawn up, labor protection specialists form all instructions in a single format, number them, collect approval signatures and distribute them for further use.

What is taken as a basis for compilation?

AT government documents on labor protection, there are many developed standard instructions for various positions and jobs.

Therefore, if there is standard instruction, then it is it that is taken as the basis of a specific document, bringing it into line with the needs of a particular enterprise.

If there is no standard document, then you need to use the industry or intersectoral Labor Protection Rules for a certain type of work, as well as operational documents (passports) of units and machines.

Design rules

In order for the OT instruction to comply with the law, it must be drawn up in accordance with all the rules.

Details required in the document:

• full name of the organization;
• visa approval by the head of the enterprise, certified official seal organizations;
• visa approval of responsible employees;
• name of the instruction;
• date and number;
• text with relevant sections;
• signature of the employee who drew up the document, or the specialist responsible for labor protection.

Structure and sections

Standard forms of labor protection instructions contain five sections, therefore, when developing them at enterprises, it is recommended to adhere to the same structure.

Sections that should be in the document:

• general safety rules for specific type works (positions);
• ensuring safety before starting work;
• safe working methods during their execution;
• safety after completion of work;
• safety in case of emergency.

An example of labor protection instructions:

What are they asserting?

The OT instructions must be approved by means of an order signed by the director of the company.

It is done every time there is a change:

• in case of approval of new instructions;
• in case of reapproval without making changes;
• in cases of changes in one or more instructions.

The order is drawn up in any form on the letterhead of the organization.

An example of such an order is shown below:

Employee familiarization

The fact that the employees of the company are familiarized with the instructions on labor protection is recorded in a special journal. It is also possible to acquaint employees with instructions simply against signature, especially if the employee has just got a job or the instruction is new. The issuance of these documents is recorded in.

Note! This way of familiarizing employees with job descriptions does not relieve the head of the enterprise from the obligation to conduct training and briefings on labor protection in a timely manner.

Validity

The direct validity of the instruction is 5 years, then it must be reviewed for compliance with current legislation.
If no changes have occurred, the instruction can be left unchanged, approving this with an order.

Thus, it will be valid for as long as there are no grounds for making changes.

Modification, Cancellation and Amendment

There are several cases in which to make changes to the instructions for labor protection:

Reason for revision	Periodicity
Expiration	1 time in 5 years
Instructions for work associated with increased danger	once every 3 years
Amending Legislative Acts	As needed
By order of higher authorities	According to the prescription
When changing the technology of the production process	When introducing new equipment
In case of accidents at work	According to the results of the investigation

Storage

The first copy of all company safety instructions, without exception, is kept by the specialist responsible for labor protection.

also package necessary instructions should be with the heads of sections and departments. Each employee must be given a set of his instructions, or they are hung out in the workshop (department) in a conspicuous and accessible place.