home Translator Who are entrepreneurs? Examples of entrepreneurial activity in modern life Which of the following persons can be called an entrepreneur.

Who are entrepreneurs? Examples of entrepreneurial activity in modern life Which of the following persons can be called an entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurship attracts many people due to the opportunity to earn money for a comfortable existence. And before they start acting, they want to look at those who are already earning money and living well. This article will lift the curtain on the secrecy of working for yourself, and also provide numerous examples entrepreneurial activity.

general information

First, let's define what entrepreneurship is. It should be noted that there is no single, universally accepted interpretation. But in order to have an idea of the object of consideration, the article will combine several of the most popular ones. So, entrepreneurship is an activity accompanied by great risk, which is aimed at obtaining the maximum possible profit and is a manifestation of economic freedom. Let's look point by point.

Details about entrepreneurship

So, if you want to engage in such activities, you need to understand that:

1. Entrepreneurship is work whose goal is to obtain maximum profit. The efforts of both the company owner and its employees should be directed towards this. Examples of entrepreneurial activity in this case are Coca-Cola, Roshen, AVK, Pepsi, McDonald's. Each of these companies has its own corporate culture, which is aimed at prosperity.

2. Entrepreneurship is work that is carried out at your own peril and risk. Moreover, they are incredibly large and can have significant consequences. Let's turn to the experience of the countries of the so-called West. Statistics show that approximately 80% of businesses that are created die within the first year of their activity. And after 50 years, only 1-2% of companies remain “alive”. The reason for this “pestilence” is a significant underestimation of risks.

Where can you realize yourself as an entrepreneur?

Wait a little longer and we will definitely talk about examples. So where can you feel like an entrepreneur? Usually the following areas are distinguished:

1. Production.

2. Agriculture.

3. Commerce.

4. Finance.

5. Innovation activities.

Opportunities and challenges

Each of the listed areas has its own characteristics and specifics. They have only one thing in common - it is difficult to survive here. But we should not forget that people engage in entrepreneurship precisely because of the chance to provide themselves and their families with a comfortable existence. It's a worthy goal. And all types of entrepreneurial activities are suitable for her. Real life examples show that the most important thing is preparation, determination and willingness to work.

Production

In this case, it means working on the creation of specific goods, works, or provision of services. This type entrepreneurship is considered quite complex and at the same time costly, because for practical implementation it is necessary to have working and fixed assets, as well as employees. It is even possible to involve third parties. An important indicator efficiency is profitability and development plan. Examples of enterprises carrying out business activities in this direction are construction, engineering companies, commercial structures light industry And so on. Famous ones include Nike and Adidas. Less known are Elektronmash and the Kharkov Tractor Plant.

Agriculture

Engaged in growing food products. Since there is often no large capital, a variation such as farming is popular among entrepreneurs. Last but not least, the choice in favor of such a status is made due to the absence of the need to create a legal entity and the possibility of registering as individual entrepreneur. Highly specialized farms are quite profitable and efficient. IN recent years Ten growing exotic crops is gaining popularity. For example, mushrooms. Moreover, these can be either ordinary champignons or something more refined and elite. Examples of entrepreneurial activity in this sector prove that there is a need for mushrooms. What do people do who want to grow such unusual food? They find or build a closed, dark room, supply it with everything they need, and begin to work. Moreover, if you look at the results of their activities, you can see that they are not in poverty. Agriculture is advantageous direction, because the world's population is constantly growing, and food is becoming more and more necessary. If you want to act in this direction, you should know that the legislation distinguishes between individual and family-group farms. They have their advantages and disadvantages, and everyone makes their own choice which is better.

Commerce

It is characterized by operations and buy/sell transactions, during which goods and services are traded. On the territory of the Russian Federation, this is perhaps the most common type of entrepreneurship. A large number of both small businesses and individuals take part in it. This activity requires mobility, quick adaptation to needs, because it is connected with the specific needs of the population. The entrepreneur himself is not directly involved in the production of goods, but only sells them. In this case, an example of entrepreneurial activity is the purchase of goods in the People's Republic of China with subsequent resale to the population of the Russian Federation. Moreover, it is carried out, as a rule, with a markup of 400-500%. Why is that? The fact is that when commercial entrepreneurs order certain products, their consumer is the market. That is, there is no specific person who would agree to buy the item immediately. Therefore, due to the likelihood of failure (no one will want to), loss (Russian Post did not deliver the parcel), low initial cost and speed of implementation, commercial entrepreneurs create such large markups. These are the features of entrepreneurial activity in this case. Examples from world practice generally often indicate that simple resale requires a significant increase in price. And if advertising is also carried out, then in this case its budget may exceed the cost of production in price.

Innovation activities

It is an innovative process specializing in the creation and commercial use of technical and technological innovations. This is a particularly risky activity, even against the general background of entrepreneurial activity. After all, costs are required for Scientific research, conducting design work, organization of pilot production. And this is without any guarantee of getting results at all. Because of this, innovation activity largely remains the province of states. If the private sector is working on something, it is more in the bosom of practical science. While few people want to develop the theory due to the impossibility of obtaining a quick and effective result that can be quickly translated into a commercial plane.

Where can you turn around?

IN innovation activity There are three main directions:

1. Products. Most often it occurs in the form of a radical update of the company’s potential, which entails an increase in profits, strengthening of market positions, strengthening independence, maintaining and acquiring clientele.

2. Technology. Aimed at updating production potential, increasing labor productivity, as well as saving raw materials and resources.

3. Social innovation. They are used to mobilize personnel, expand recruitment potential, and improve the quality of the workforce.

This activity involves going through four stages: searching for an idea with its subsequent evaluation, drawing up a plan, finding the necessary resources and entrepreneurship itself. It is believed that for small businesses this is the most profitable option, since it provides high flexibility and dynamism of development.

About specific companies

Here they were listed different kinds entrepreneurial activity. Examples have been given, but they are few. And this needs to be corrected. So let's talk about innovation. Companies that operate in this area can often boast of fame. The same Facebook, Google, Microsoft, SpiceX, Oracle are the pioneers of humanity. They create amazing and unprecedented technologies. They are expensive. But many treat them with caution. Let's look at Facebook and Google. The capitalization of these companies is approximately the same - at the end of the summer of 2017 it exceeded half a trillion dollars. Revenue is also similar - it is in the range of twenty to thirty billion dollars. On the one hand, this is an example of high-quality implementation. But if you compare it with enterprises in another field, certain doubts may creep in.

Let's take as an example their competitor in terms of capitalization - the Walmart chain of stores. With the same estimated value, it reached an annual turnover of... 268 billion dollars! Of course, the net income is not that big. But Google, which has earned a little more than $28 billion in total revenue, has a significant infrastructure, a large number of employees and various projects in which it invests. As you can see, everything is clearly ambiguous. Can be various shapes entrepreneurial activity, the examples discussed in the article give only an approximate idea of the current state of affairs in the world.

Conclusion

Reading about other people's success stories or responding to someone's requests for examples of entrepreneurial activity is not as good as creating something worthwhile yourself. In these difficult times, when the country needs confident, organized and purposeful people, we need to work on important and significant aspects of our lives. Let's take, for example, Agriculture. Does the reader know that Russian Federation Is it quite actively involved in food imports? Yes, this may seem fantastic, but, alas, it is true. If you want to engage in entrepreneurship, then know: now is the right opportunity for this. There are many different areas that have not been explored, where there is a lot of work and opportunities to take a worthy place not only within one country, but also on the world stage. Of course, the path to success and prosperity will not be easy. But if you correctly assess your strengths, all the potential risks and work hard to achieve your goal, believe me, the reward will not be long in coming. You need to show signs of entrepreneurial activity. Let examples of success inspire us, not to give up and move forward!

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

The term “entrepreneur” was introduced by the French economist Richard Cantillon, who lived at the beginning of the 18th century. And since then, this word has meant a person who takes the risk associated with organizing a new enterprise or developing a new idea, new products or a new type of service offered to society. It is very important to understand that the words “entrepreneur” and “manager” are not synonymous...

Often, however, such characteristics as personal risk, reaction to financial opportunities and the desire to work long and hard, regardless of rest, i.e. everything that is traditionally considered traits good entrepreneur, do not necessarily indicate the same person's ability to effectively manage an organization as it grows larger. Some entrepreneurs may simply not have the ability or inclination to effectively execute management functions, such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling... Therefore, it is not strange that an outstanding entrepreneur becomes a not particularly effective manager. The organization that the entrepreneur created may even fall apart as a result. Research... indicates that, in practice, most new business ventures fail, and the main reason for their failure is poor management, not bad ideas. If the organization is lucky, it will get a good leader at the helm before it falls apart...

Organizations operating in a volatile environment simply cannot wait for change and then respond to it. Their leaders must think and act like entrepreneurs. An entrepreneurial manager actively seeks opportunities and takes intentional risks to achieve change and improvement. Entrepreneurship is required at every level if the organization as a whole is to operate as an entrepreneur.

Major business actions that involve significant risk to the organization require decisions that are made to highest level management. But these decisions are usually based on information and thoughts expressed by middle managers. If middle managers are unable or unwilling to take risks on new ideas, the organization's entrepreneurial capacity is severely limited. Managers at all levels, even junior managers, must look for opportunities to improve performance and increase the effectiveness of their organization. A master who develops and implements more effective method carrying out a specific operation, is in spirit the same entrepreneur as the head of the enterprise who decides to invest $10 million in the development of a new product.

Being an entrepreneur is not easy, be it your own business or working within an established company. Both organizations and society tend to resist change, no matter how beneficial it may be.

(M. Meskon, M. Albert, F. Khedouri)

Using the text, explain the difference between a manager and an entrepreneur. What functions of a manager are indicated in the text? Who do the authors call an enterprising manager? Based on social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the concept of “entrepreneurship”.

Explanation.

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) difference:

An entrepreneur organizes an enterprise, risking his own and borrowed funds, and a manager is a hired manager;

2) manager functions:

Planning, organization, motivation and control;

3) characteristics of an enterprising manager:

He actively seeks opportunities and takes intentional risks to achieve change and improvement.

4) an explanation of the concept is given, for example:

Entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at systematic obtaining profit from the use of property, sale of goods, performance of work or provision of services, which is carried out independently at their own risk by a person registered in the manner prescribed by law.

Elements of the answer can be given in other, similar in meaning formulations

Using social science knowledge and facts public life, name and illustrate with examples any two ways to increase the efficiency of an enterprise.

Explanation.

The correct answer should name ways to increase the efficiency of the enterprise and provide relevant examples, for example:

1) introduction of new equipment and technologies (for example, modernization of equipment at clothing production made it possible to cut more economically and obtain faster finished goods, i.e. productivity has increased);

2) changes in the conditions of remuneration of workers (for example, Insurance Company in addition to employee salaries, she introduced a bonus part - a percentage of concluded transactions in order to increase the interest of employees in the results of their work).

Other methods may be mentioned and other examples given.

In modern educational institutions The concept of “entrepreneur” is given the following definition: an economic entity that organizes activities for the production of products or the provision of services. To implement this, he uses his own or borrowed funds; the main goal of such a person is to make a profit.

An entrepreneur is distinguished by the following characteristics:
- He takes part in the management of the enterprise and the formation of initial capital;
- The entrepreneur reserves the right to use and distribute the profits received, and also accepts various solutions, for example, chooses the optimal development strategy;
- The entrepreneur bears financial responsibility for the results of his activities and the work of the enterprise.

These features are typical for the sphere of public entrepreneurship; private entrepreneurship has its own characteristics.

Individual entrepreneur

Concept “ self employed” is outdated, the concept of “individual entrepreneur” is now used. It is given the following definition: individual carrying out certain activities without education legal entity. An individual entrepreneur passes state registration in the manner prescribed by law. All adults and capable citizens can carry out entrepreneurial activities, in exceptional cases, this right provided to minors. Employees of municipal and state enterprises cannot become individual entrepreneurs.

Who is an entrepreneur

Any person who is engaged own business or business for the purpose of obtaining profit, is an entrepreneur. He does not have to undergo state registration. Carrying out entrepreneurial activities is a sufficient reason to call a person an entrepreneur. He can study own business(business) or help other entrepreneurs in setting up their businesses.

Any business activity is regulated by law. If a person engages in such activities, but does not have the right to do so under current legislation, he may be prosecuted.

The right to entrepreneurship is protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Almost everyone is free to freely dispose of their funds and property, as well as carry out any economic activity. Therefore, any citizen who periodically engages in the resale of goods or other entrepreneurial activities can be called an entrepreneur.

A case in point are merchants in pre-revolutionary Russia. According to the trade legislation that existed at that time, they were called entrepreneurs. A merchant is a person who carries out trade transactions on his own behalf.

The concept of “entrepreneur” does not exist in all countries. The legislation of some states provides for the use of such status as “merchant”. This is a person who makes transactions or other business activities on his own behalf. The difference between an entrepreneur and a businessman is only in the name; the essence of both concepts is the same.

We can give one more, unofficial definition of the concept of “entrepreneur”: a strong-willed, independent person with original ideas and a huge “reserve” of enthusiasm. Even if you sell fruits, you can be called an entrepreneur.

People, especially independent people, have never been attracted to working as an employee. Such citizens will not sit late in the office or work double shifts at a factory. Most likely, they will start their own business and become entrepreneurs.

But who is an entrepreneur? Some citizens are often confused about this concept and cannot give a clear answer.

Entrepreneur concept

So, in modern society The concept of “entrepreneur” has the following definition - a subject who is engaged in entrepreneurial activities. Something like this answer can be heard in nine out of ten cases. At the same time, many do not even think about what exactly is meant by entrepreneurial activity.

Entrepreneurial activity is a type of economic activity carried out at one’s own risk and aimed at obtaining benefits from the sale of products, provision of services or performance of work.

In other words, entrepreneurship means the implementation of activities (providing specialized advice, performing specific types of work, selling goods) in a certain area (financial, medical, socio-cultural). And all this is done for only one purpose - getting money.

Based on the above, we can give a more precise answer to the question of who an entrepreneur is. This is an entity that, at its own risk, engages in economic activity in order to make a profit from the sale of products, provision of services or performance of work.

Who is an entrepreneur?

If you read the concept without thinking about the meaning, you can mistakenly assume that any citizen who carries out any activity receives money for it is an entrepreneur. But that's not true. Implementation economic activity- this is not yet a reason to call a person an entrepreneur. After all, in this case, you can also call Uncle Petya from the next door, who in his free time from work helps his friends with cargo transportation.

The essence of an entrepreneur is to:

manage an enterprise or organization, form initial capital;
use the profit received at your own discretion and make various decisions to increase or invest it;
bear full responsibility for the decisions made to conduct business and be prepared for further consequences.

The above lists only the main signs that are characteristic of an entrepreneur. But, for example, private entrepreneurship has its own interesting nuances.

The concept of a private entrepreneur

Such a concept as a “private entrepreneur” has long gone out of use. Today they say “individual entrepreneur” - an entity that has necessarily passed state registration to carry out certain activities without first forming a legal entity. That is, a person who has the right to do business legally, but has not registered a legal entity.

Obtain the rights of an entrepreneur in accordance with Art. 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every adult and capable citizen of the country can. Only in some cases established by law, minors have the right to register an individual entrepreneur.

It is noteworthy that a municipal employee or employee state enterprise cannot register as an individual entrepreneur. Although in modern society this is more of a formality than a rule.

Who is an IP?

Many who read about who an entrepreneur is will immediately answer that such a person is engaged in entrepreneurship. This is true. But it is necessary to supplement the sentence with the fact that the person is engaged in business within the framework of laws and regulations Civil Code RF, violation of which carries criminal or administrative liability.

It is also necessary to understand that an individual entrepreneur is not a profession or a position, but a special legal status. Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be any clear obligations in this regard placed in legislative acts. But there are still some unspoken concepts about what such a person does.

Activities of an entrepreneur

The main activities of the entrepreneur are as follows:

registration legal status and obtaining permission to specific type activities;
maintaining tax, accounting and other financial statements, timely payment of taxes;
provision of goods, services or performance of work in accordance with the concluded agreement with suppliers, investors, clients, etc.;
ensuring comfortable and safe working conditions for employees(if any);
pay wages employees (if any).

In other words, the entrepreneur is obliged to monitor the implementation of certain tasks that are necessary to obtain further profit. How this goal will be achieved, independently or with the help of hired workers, depends on the decisions of the business entity itself.

How to become an entrepreneur?

Having figured out who an entrepreneur is and what he does, many also want to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur. After all, being an entrepreneur, you can not obey anyone and work for yourself. But at the same time, some people do not even suspect what is needed for this.

And to become an individual entrepreneur, you will have to:

choose a suitable area for activity;
choose one taxation system from two existing ones (general or simplified);
prepare documents for state registration;
pay the mandatory fees and receive a receipt for payment;
go to the department tax service at your place of residence and submit the prepared documents along with the check;
obtain a registration certificate.

You can do everything mentioned above yourself or with the help of lawyers. For example, many newcomers prefer to turn to experienced specialists who will sort out the formalities rather than doing it alone. This method is much more expensive, but more effective and faster.

I travel around the world giving lectures on “lean startups,” and I am always surprised that in any audience there are people who, it would seem, should not be there. In addition to “ordinary” entrepreneurs and startup founders, I see in the hall top managers of large companies who have been tasked with creating a new enterprise or innovative product. They are true masters of organizational politics: they know how to create autonomous units that bear full responsibility for profit and loss. They can protect their experimental teams from corporate interference. But what surprises me most is that these people have a vision. Like the startup founders I've worked with over the years, they have a vision for the future of their industries and are willing to take big risks to find new, innovative solutions to the problems their companies face.

For example, Mark is a manager large corporation, who came to one of my lectures. He led a newly created division whose mission was to bring the company into the 21st century by creating a new set of products that would take full advantage of the Internet. After the lecture, he came up to me, and I began to give him the usual advice on how to create teams to develop innovations in a large company. But he interrupted me: “Yes, I read The Innovator’s Dilemma.” I've already done all this."

He had worked for his company for many years and was a successful manager, so internal politics were not a problem for him. He long ago learned to maneuver in its waters, navigate the processes and achieve his goals.

Then I tried to give him some advice for the future about latest technologies development of innovative products. He interrupted me again: “Yes, yes. I know everything about the Internet and I have a vision for how our company should use it. Otherwise she will die."

Mark had it all the necessary conditions to become an entrepreneur: appropriate team structure, good staff, vision for the future and willingness to take risks. Finally, I decided to ask why he came to me for advice. And he replied: “It seems that we have all the necessary ingredients: wood chips, firewood, paper, matches, sometimes even sparks. But the fire won’t light up!” The fact is that the management theories that Mark studied perceive innovation as a kind of “black box”. They are more interested in the structures that a company must create to form the startup's internal teams. But Mark discovered that he himself was in a “black box” - and could not get out of there. Mark didn't know what process would turn the raw ingredients of innovation into breakthroughs that would make the company successful. Once the team is created, what should it do? What process should she use? What intermediate results should we focus on? These are the questions that the Lean Startup methodology answers.

What am I getting at? Mark is as much an entrepreneur as he is a Silicon Valley startup founder working out of his garage. He, too, needs lean startup principles, just like what I call classic entrepreneurs. People like Mark who work in large organizations are sometimes called “intrapreneurs,” because creating a startup within a corporation requires special conditions. I've used Lean Startup principles in a wide variety of companies and industries, and I've found that "intrapreneurs" have much more in common with the rest of the entrepreneurial community than is commonly believed. Therefore, I use the term “entrepreneurship” to refer to the entire “ecosystem” of a startup, regardless of company size, sector or stage of development.

This book is for entrepreneurs of any type: from young enthusiasts who have little financial resources, but a lot of great ideas, up to the seasoned veterans working in large companies, - such as Mark, as well as for their leaders.