Drinking water technology. Ready-made business plan for an enterprise for the extraction and bottling of artesian water

It is well known that drinking water is a product that belongs to food products and is properly purified and filtered water from artesian wells. The packaging for it can be either plastic or glass containers.

Today in Russia there are opportunities to start your own, real income-generating business related to the production and sale of drinking water, truly colossal. Due to the fact that the quality of tap water has long left much to be desired, and population incomes are growing year by year, the market for artesian water consumption has a clear tendency to expand by 15-17% annually.

Necessary equipment

In order to determine the types of equipment for bottling water, it is necessary to determine its chemical composition in the well itself, as well as determine the expected production volumes. However, most often, in order to bottle drinking bottled water, the following equipment is needed:

• For injection and cleaning (water aeration and reagent dosing system) - from 100,000 rubles;
• For bottling water into containers (the price of bottling equipment is from 100,000 rubles. The cost of automatic lines starts from 600,000 rubles);
• For blowing (manufacturing) bottles - from 400,000 rubles. It is quite possible to do without this type of equipment, but it can significantly increase the profitability of water production, but not always in the case of bottles (read below).

Bottled water production

When producing bottled water, the whole process is the same, except for one thing - here the bottles are reused, so this additionally requires a machine to wash them. The process looks like this:

Such bottles are not always produced by water manufacturers. The fact is that this requires considerable additional financial resources for equipment and raw materials. As a matter of fact, that’s why the bottles cost about 500 rubles apiece. In addition, if you constantly serve approximately the same number of enterprises, and they, in turn, constantly order approximately the same amount of bottled water, then your production equipment will very often be idle.

Technology

The actual production scheme for this water is carried out in several stages:

1. They are drilling artesian wells;
2. Water is purified by passing it through special carbon or sand filters;
3. The content of certain minerals is adjusted;
4. Water is treated using ultraviolet rays in order to disinfect it;
5. The water is ozonized;
6. Prepare containers for bottling;
7. Bottling.

The quality of the water obtained in the above way must be in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 and GOST R52109-2003.

An enterprise specializing in the production of drinking water has special requirements. Firstly, it should include such areas as:

• Mining area;
• Cleaning area;
• Bottling area;
• Premises for sanitary and domestic purposes for employees of this enterprise;
• Warehouse for storing products.

Secondly, the workshop premises themselves must comply with SanPin for food production, as well as meet fire safety requirements for industrial enterprises.

Payback period

It's no secret that the sale of drinking water is characterized by a certain seasonality. Thus, in the warmest time of the year from May to August inclusive, consumption volumes undergo a period of noticeable growth and, as a result, it is at this time that water production brings the greatest income.

Buyers of these products include both legal entities and individuals. It is worth considering that among customers the lion's share nevertheless, they are legal entities and they make up 90% of all consumers, and, unlike individuals, these buyers pay for goods by bank transfer, i.e. transferring the required amount to the seller's account. Individuals Most often they pay in cash after delivery of the product.

Through simple economic calculations it is easy to come to the conclusion that the production of bottled water can bring its owner good income, since its gross profit margin can be about 700%. In this case, the main costs for water production will be the so-called total costs; in general, the costs should include the costs of chemical treatment, the costs of container production and the energy consumption of this production.

The payback period for investments in a water production business is directly dependent on the available markets for its sales, the methods of water purification used, as well as the parameters of the equipment. However, it is known that on average they can be 2-2.5 years.

Availability of water from a tap in your apartment or from a well in rural areas is not always an indicator of the presence of high-quality liquid that can be consumed in its pure form without additional processing. Unpleasant smell, color and taste are the least evil that awaits people when trying to quench their thirst. There may be the presence of microbes and viruses that cause dangerous diseases. Therefore, many today do not want to drink homemade water, believing that the bottled option is safer. The demand for liquid from a store or from a manufacturer is growing and gives citizens reason to think about how to start drinking water production from scratch? The competition is tough, but there is an opportunity to make money if you approach the matter correctly. Our step-by-step instruction will allow you to understand where to start a business on the water, what documents to collect, how much money and effort to invest.

How to organize

For many, this business idea will seem like a simple and easily implemented idea. He received permission to sell water from a specific source, put it through a purification system, poured it into a bottle and sent it to store shelves. But that's not true. Water is a product that receives special attention from regulatory authorities, especially the SES. If the liquid does not meet the content requirements, the consumer will never see it.

Before equipping production areas, you need to find a source from which water will be collected. The sample is sent to the laboratory for analysis. After a positive conclusion about the quality, you can obtain permission to use it to produce water that will reach the buyer.

Starting production is possible after determining the type of source:

• Through the water supply tap, crashing into the general system.
• Drilling your own well.
• Having found a spring or spring with good water in sufficient volume.

The entrepreneur chooses his option and begins collecting documents for the implementation of the project. It may take a lot of time.

What documentation will you need to collect?

Having chosen the source of raw material extraction, we collect the liquid into a container and take it to a private or public laboratory. We determine the quality of water, the presence of microorganisms, and harmful substances. The conclusion will show how difficult the further stage of purification and enrichment of the product with useful additives will be. If the composition does not meet your goals, you need to continue searching for a source or enter into an agreement for the supply of raw materials from a trusted raw water producer.

• We enter into an agreement with a partner or obtain permission to drill our own well.
• We contact the energy company to sign an agreement for the use of a separate line for water production.
• We receive a conclusion from the SES on the condition of the premises and the compliance of the equipment sanitary requirements(absence of materials that emit harmful substances that can get into the water during processing and bottling).
• Ready-to-drink water will also have to receive a separate quality certificate from the SES after production starts. Inspections will be carried out frequently and at every stage of activity to ensure that no violations occur.
• Lease agreement for the premises in which the production will be located. If the building is owned, then you need to provide a certificate.
• Documents on the legality of the business are drawn up at the Federal Tax Service, where, after registration, an individual entrepreneur or LLC certificate is issued. You choose the registration form yourself, taking into account your personal circumstances. Let’s not forget to indicate the type of activity according to OKVED. In our case, we select No. 11.07 – “Production soft drinks, various bottled drinking waters.”
• A conclusion from the fire department will be required regarding permission to produce water in the selected premises.

This is the main list of documents that will have to be collected to start water production and further work.

Project specifications

So that there is water High Quality according to taste and composition, you should not skimp on the premises and its equipment. Typically, production is located near a well, tap or other source of raw materials. Some manufacturers choose to transport raw water separately to a processing facility and bottle it. The equipment must have modern system multi-stage filtration to eliminate the risk of obtaining an incompletely purified product. This can contribute to rapid spoilage of water and the appearance of a musty odor. It is better to choose an automatic line full cycle from pouring raw materials to filling into containers.

At the initial stage, you should not spend money on additional enrichment of water with salts, minerals, gas, or sweeteners. You need to understand whether production in the region is profitable and can compete with other companies. The premises must have enough space for a workshop, staff rooms, administrative sector, and storage areas. The workshop area must be clean and sterile. Therefore, it won’t hurt to make cosmetic repairs. Raw materials must be stored in special containers that are tightly closed and do not react when in contact with water.

A separate issue is the supply of packaging. Many entrepreneurs make plastic containers on their own, purchasing special equipment for blowing bottles from blanks. This eliminates the risk of microbes entering the container and makes it possible to choose the shape and color of the water packaging yourself.

The cost of equipment depends on the configuration and manufacturer. There are many offers on the market. It is worth considering what a small water production business is aimed at - small batches of drinking water without gas or a multi-functional workshop (sparkling water, mineral, sweet, medicinal). But it’s not worth saving on equipping the production line. Don’t forget about consumables (filters and other devices) that need to be changed in a timely manner so that the quality of the water does not decrease.

Positive and negative aspects of the enterprise

In any business there are pros and cons that you need to see in advance and try to find your benefit. Let us note the most noticeable shortcomings in this segment of small business:

• Dependence on inspection authorities. The SES monitors water quality, forcing samples to be submitted for testing. If the quality decreases or microbes or viruses are found, production will be closed until the problems are resolved.
• Tough competition. In shops a wide range of products, from famous brands to little-known ones, it is not easy to take their place.
• The need to search for raw materials that would not require a large number of purification steps. The water should be to the taste of the consumer (such sources are not available in every region).
• The high cost of equipment may be unaffordable for a young entrepreneur if he cannot find an investor.
• Large-scale production requires large areas, which are not always available within settlement. The further away the workshop is, the higher the cost of transporting products, which can increase the final price of water.

The advantages include the following points:

• Demand for purchasing bottled water is increasing because the quality of tap water in many homes leaves much to be desired.
• Quick payback and high profitability if consumers like the water.
• Possibility of expanding the range at any time, if there is enough space for installation of additional equipment.
• The water production procedure is simple and does not require special skills if you hire a good process engineer.

Eventually

It is possible to open the production of drinking water if there is a good water source, funds to purchase an automated line and distribution channels so that the products do not sit in a warehouse. More complete information on this type of business can be obtained from the business plan for the production of drinking water, posted on our website.

Bottled water is used consistently high demand. The business of extracting and selling it requires quite a high initial investment, but subsequent costs are relatively low. The enterprise needs to build an artesian well, as well as purchase equipment for preparing and bottling water.

Many people prefer to buy bottled drinking water

Where to begin?

The business of bottling drinking water from a well requires preliminary preparation, which includes:

1. Study of soil aquifers. The depth of artesian waters varies between 100-1000 m. The site for the object is selected based on possible costs for construction and logistics costs.
2. Drawing up a business plan. At this stage, the market capacity, preferences of potential buyers are examined, possible risks, sum starting capital And so on.
3. Official registration of the enterprise and obtaining permits.
4. Purchase and installation of equipment.
5. Marketing campaign. The consumer must learn about the very existence of a new product on the market and its advantages over competing offerings.

Preliminary research

Water production as a business directly depends on local natural conditions. Preliminary research begins with the study of general geological survey maps. Areas of terrain with the smallest depth of artesian waters are selected. At the same time, the soil structure should also ensure the minimum cost of construction work. Thus, if possible, territories with rocky and marshy soils are excluded. It is necessary to select several sites at once, and then gradually narrow the list depending on:

• location of transport routes. Self-construction or modernization of access roads significantly increases the costs of implementing a business project;
• distance from populated areas. Delivery finished products to consumers should take the shortest route. Finally, it is difficult for the service personnel themselves to get to the well located far from their place of residence and passenger transport routes;
• locations of other buildings. The selected plot may already be occupied or it may not be possible to rent it;
• purpose of the land.

Note: in accordance with legal requirements, each site must be used depending on its category and intended purpose. In this case, you should pay attention to industrial lands.

Next, you need to personally inspect each site to settle on the final version. Perhaps during the search process it will be possible to purchase a ready-made well. After agreement with the land owner, it is necessary to carry out exploratory drilling and make preliminary analysis liquids.

Read also: Profitable production in Russia

Business planning

The business plan for drinking water production includes analysis of:

• promising areas of activity - office maintenance, sales of products through retail chains, work with budgetary institutions, for example, schools or hospitals, etc.;
• local market - the presence of competitors, shortcomings of their strategy, potential monopoly position in certain areas;
• goals, objectives, development strategy - the enterprise must gain a foothold only within a single locality, the entire region, perhaps there are prospects for entering international market(in particular, if a source with unique healing properties is being developed);
• the amount of start-up capital - it consists of the costs of registering an enterprise, construction works, acquisition and installation of equipment, wages, rental payments until the start of profit;
• estimated time frames for self-sufficiency;
• potential risks - the likelihood of natural disasters, errors in initial planning, unexpected changes in the external situation (prohibition, restriction or change in the rules of certain types of activities, use of the site for federal projects, etc.) must be taken into account;
• business exit strategies - if the enterprise fails, you need to sell existing equipment with minimal losses, and also provide for the possibility of repaying borrowed funds.

Business registration

For small businesses, the preferred organizational and legal forms are:

• individual entrepreneurship (IP)- registration and liquidation require lower costs, but the risks that arise must be met with all personal property;
• society with limited liability(OOO)- a more voluminous package of documents will be required (charter, minutes of the meeting or decision sole founder), registration and liquidation take longer.

However, for arising obligations, a company participant is liable only in the amount of a share in authorized capital. Also, a business can be organized by more than one person. Next you need:

• acquire ownership or rent a suitable plot of land;
  obtain a license for the right to use subsoil;
• calculate the total volumes of water consumed - this is within the powers of the Federal Water Resources Agency;
• obtain a conclusion from Rospotrebnadzor that the exploited land plot suitable for organizing a sanitary zone (it is a square with a side of 60 m, in some cases - 30 m);
• obtain a conclusion on well design;
• order a well design;
• complete construction work;
• accept the well for operation, at this stage members of the state acceptance commission also check the quality of the fluid;
• register the well with the state;
• organize a sanitary zone;
• conduct a state geological examination.

Note: the listed actions are costly and time-consuming, so you can purchase water from third-party suppliers.

Equipment list

To organize a water sales enterprise, you will need the following equipment:

• well;
• metal well or caisson;
• pump;
• water treatment systems that adjust the chemical and microbiological composition of produced water;
• storage tank;
• device for filling water into containers;
• installation for disinfection of containers.

According to research by the All-Russian Center for the Study public opinion conducted in 2016, about 16% of Russians (approximately every sixth resident of the country) constantly drink bottled drinking water, preferring it to tap water. An increasing number of people who care about their health and the health of their loved ones are choosing this product, considering it safe.

Drinking water is strengthening its position in Russian market and is attracting increasing attention from production organizers. A favorable factor is that the subsoil of Russia has significant reserves of high-quality fresh and mineral waters. Extraction and bottling of water as a business – promising direction, capable of generating significant income.

Product quality requirements

Drinking water must be safe and have a special chemical composition. The level of total mineralization should not exceed 1 g/cubic dm. At the same time, the sources of raw materials for the production of this product can be tap water, and water from underground and surface sources.

Mandatory stage technological process- This is water purification. In some cases, conditioning is also used - saturating the product with important micro- and macroelements.

The quality of drinking water is affected by organoleptic properties (smell, taste, color), the presence of mechanical impurities, chemical composition (content of salts, toxic elements, toxic metals), and radiation safety. Depending on these indicators, water is divided into two categories: first and highest.

The quality of bottled drinking water in Russia is regulated by a number of regulatory and technical documents. One of the most important is SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02. In these sanitary rules a list of hygienic standards is provided for all of the listed properties for both the first and highest categories of water.

Technical requirements for the production itself, for raw materials and materials, finished products, including labeling and packaging, as well as safety and security requirements environment, control and acceptance methods - all this is included in GOST 32220-2013.

Also on the territory of the Russian Federation there is a document approved by the Commission customs union(decision No. 299 of May 28, 2010), containing uniform sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the quality and safety of food products.

You can view the listed documents on the help website legal system"ConsultantPlus" at www.consultant.ru.

Compliance regulatory documentation is the responsibility of each manufacturer. For violation of these requirements, according to the law “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population,” administrative and criminal liability is provided.

Control and supervision in the field of drinking water production is carried out by the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor.

It is useful to read which one is used. Production plan and cost of the line, search for sources of raw materials and design permitting documents for the production of drinking mineral water.

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What you need to open a business

To organize own production, the entrepreneur has to go through several steps:

• decide on the assortment and choose the source of raw materials. It should be taken into account that water of the first category can be obtained from different sources, the highest - only from independent ones (from wells and springs);
• purchase a plot of land;
• draw up a package of permits;
• carry out preparatory work. In particular, if it is planned to bottle artesian water, it is necessary to explore the subsoil, drill a well, and carry out a number of measures to ensure sanitary protection of the source;
• prepare premises for water treatment and bottling;
• purchase and install equipment necessary for purification and bottling of drinking water;
• establish transport and logistics flows;
• develop a strategy for introducing a new product to the market.

Some of these steps require separate consideration.

Obtaining permission to use a natural water source is associated with high financial, labor and time costs.

So, in order to bottle water from a well, you must first analyze groundwater reserves and coordinate water consumption in Federal agency water resources. The next step is to obtain from Rospotrebnadzor a document confirming the possibility of establishing a sanitary protection zone on the site.

Then, the Center for State Monitoring of Subsoil Conditions will need to issue a conclusion on the development of a well design. After this, you should contact the Department of Subsoil Use with an application to obtain a license for the right to use subsoil. In this case, the entrepreneur must have the following documents: cadastral passport of the plot, title document for the land, gene. development plan, situational plan.

After passing the licensing procedure, drilling operations are allowed to begin.

Depending on the depth, there are two types of wells: on sand (from 10 to 40 m) and on limestone (from 70 to 300 m). Sand wells have low water content and are not suitable for industrial use.

The cost of drilling operations averages about 1000 rubles/m to a water-containing layer located on sand, and about 2000 rubles/m to limestone. After drilling, the well must be equipped with a steel column.

Then you need to contact Rospotrebnadzor again to obtain an expert opinion on the quality of the water. The service takes samples and conducts a full laboratory analysis, based on the results of which a corresponding document is issued -.

Now it is necessary to attend to the equipment of the sanitary protection zone. The area measuring 60x60 m where the well is drilled should be fenced off. There should be no buildings, pipelines or tall trees in this area.

After developing the zone, you can submit documents for a geological examination, and then register the water source. And only after completing all the above preparatory activities can the facility be put into operation and its actual use begin.

Drinking water production technology and necessary equipment

Water is extracted from the well using special submersible pumps and flows through pipes into a storage receiving tank. A water treatment station and a bottling shop are usually located in close proximity to the well location (at a distance of no more than 150 m).

Preparation

Arriving at the water treatment site, artesian water goes through several stages of purification. First, deferrization and demanganization are carried out - removing excess iron and manganese salts from its composition.

The next stage is water softening. The ion exchange method is most often used for this purpose, since it is considered the most effective.

Water, from which excess calcium and magnesium salts have been removed using an ion exchange resin, enters pressure filters, where it undergoes mechanical and sorption purification. At this stage, harmful chemical compounds and impurities are removed from it. Activated carbon is usually used as a sorbent.

Then ultraviolet disinfection of water is carried out in special chambers made of stainless steel. The filters used at this stage do not change the chemical composition of the water. The destruction of dangerous bacteria (the causative agents of diseases such as dysentery, cholera, polio) is carried out without adding any toxic compounds.

The final stage of water treatment is conditioning - bringing the concentration of chemicals vital for humans to the required level and stabilizing the liquid.

At the stage of preparing water for bottling, complex purification equipment is used. Production lines are equipped with pressure mechanical filtration units, which include several blocks (for aeration, demanganation, defluoridation, ultraviolet disinfection, etc.), a set of pipelines and shut-off valves. As a rule, all operations are performed in automatic mode, the system is controlled using the remote control.

Line productivity can reach 55 cubic meters. m/hour. To accommodate such installations, a room of at least 50 square meters is required. m.

Bottling

After undergoing initial preparation, the water enters preliminary storage tanks, and from there – for bottling. Bottling of finished drinking water can be carried out in large containers with a volume of 5, 10 and 19 liters, as well as in small bottles with a volume of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 liters.

For bottling water from a well into bottles, lines equipped with the following equipment are usually used:

• device for pre-washing bottles;
• automatic bottle loader;
• filling machine;
• thermal tunnel for shrinking caps (element of the filling line for 19 liter bottles for coolers);
• capping machine (included in the set of lines for bottling bottles with screw caps).

The movement of bottles from one zone to another is carried out using conveyor belts. Additionally, the line can be equipped with a packaging machine. Large factories Those involved in the production of drinking water also produce PET containers on their own. For this purpose, special blowing equipment is installed.

Expense planning

To determine how profitable the production of drinking bottled water is, you need to make preliminary calculations.

Estimated standards, overhead costs, cost estimates, products, forecast of revenue volumes - all this should be reflected in financially a project whose development is best left to experts.

Approximate data on basic starting costs are reflected in the following table:

These are very approximate data that can be used as a guide when using a well with a capacity of about 10 cubic meters as a source of raw materials. m/hour.

The current expenses of the enterprise include the costs of well maintenance, communal payments, taxes (including water tax), wages, costs of containers and packaging of finished products, etc. (see).

The retail cost of a five-liter bottle of drinking water of the highest category is on average 60 rubles, Wholesale price– about 45 rubles. With a productivity of 500 bottles per hour, the monthly production volume will be approximately 120,000 bottles (assuming single-shift operation and a shift duration of 8 hours).

When opening production, an entrepreneur needs to decide what kind of water will be supplied to the consumer: artesian or pipeline. Each option has its own characteristics. More information about bottled water production technology: https://www.severyanka.spb.ru/proizvodstvo-vody/.

1. Artesian water is cleaner and more expensive, but its production is more difficult. In addition to equipment for packaging and construction of production facilities, complete organization of the space around the well is required in accordance with SanPin standards.
2. Pipe water goes through several stages of mechanical purification, after which it can be treated with UV radiation or enriched with silver ions. The business requires equipment that fits in two small workshops, as well as no more than 5 employees, most of which can be outsourced.

Having chosen a strategy, they begin to make calculations to draw up a business plan, obtain all permits, and purchase equipment.

Obtaining Permits

In order for the quality of bottled water produced to meet the standards established in Russia, the manufacturer needs to obtain a number of permitting documents:

• sanitary and epidemiological permit from authorities local government for carrying out work;
• a resolution authorizing the design of a water bottling plant or workshop;
• license for water extraction and land use.

Necessary equipment

Having decided how the water will be extracted, they begin to purchase equipment. The full production cycle includes:

• well drilling;
• water purification;
• adjustment of water according to the composition of mineral substances;
• ultraviolet treatment for disinfection;
• bottling

Mid-level equipment suitable for small production, can be purchased or leased. The average cost of a used production line is at least 100,000 rubles.

No drilling is required to produce purified water, but a machine that produces plastic containers from recycled plastic can be useful. This type of packaging is environmentally friendly, in addition, it will provide the entrepreneur with supplies of raw materials through the work of city services. When concluding an agreement to purchase selected processed plastic from utilities, the cost of producing containers is reduced by 45%.

What are the pitfalls in water production?

An entrepreneur must understand that, like any business, the production of bottled drinking water has a number of nuances:

1. Competition. The service market is filled with suppliers of purified bottled water. The consumer needs to be offered a high-quality competitive product.
2. The cost of starting a business. In Russia you will need about 200,000 rubles. to start your own business and about another 100,000 rubles. starting capital. This includes rental of premises, wage employees, transportation costs, obtaining permits, organizing water treatment and packaging.
3. Sources. Purification of tap water is simpler, but the quality of such water will not be higher than the first category. Water of the highest category is more expensive, its production is more complex and expensive, but it is used in great demand. When choosing what kind of water the end consumer will receive, it is important to analyze the availability of sources near the market for the product. If the sources are located too far away, the supplies will not pay off.
4. Sales market. The end consumer can receive water directly from the supplier or purchase it from an intermediary. To supply water directly, it is necessary to know the city’s infrastructure and have a cross-section of consumers. Supplying water to stores and points of sale ensures greater turnover of containers, but water is sold in smaller volumes.

Profit

At a cost of 100 rubles/180 rubles. standard 19 liter bottle. payback will occur in six months. At the same time, sales volume directly affects the payback period - the more supplies, the faster the payback point will arrive.