home Exchange rates Electrician's production instructions for lifting structures. Labor safety instructions for electricians for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines

Electrician's production instructions for lifting structures. Labor safety instructions for electricians for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, been trained in an appropriate program, and have undergone introductory and on-the-job instructions on labor protection are allowed to perform the duties of a mechanic in the repair and maintenance of lifting machines.

1.2. Permission to work as a mechanic in the repair and maintenance of lifting machines is issued by order of the enterprise after the issuance of a certificate and these instructions.

1.3. Repeated testing of the mechanic's knowledge is carried out by the commission:

periodically, at least once every 12 months;

when moving from one enterprise to another;

at the request of the person responsible for supervision or the inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor.

A mechanic authorized to independently work on the repair and maintenance of lifting machines must know:

1.5. When using lifting machines controlled from the floor for repair purposes, the repairman must undergo special instruction, followed by testing of skills in operating the machine and tying (hooking) loads in the prescribed manner.

1.6. All accidents and incidents must be reported to the person responsible for the work.

1.7. When receiving a new (unfamiliar) job, the mechanic must require additional instruction from the foreman.

1.8. While working, you must be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous matters and conversations, and not distract others.

1.9. During work, you should follow a work and rest schedule. Relaxing and smoking are allowed in specially designated areas.

1.10. When carrying out work, a mechanic may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors: industrial microclimate, noise and vibration from operating mechanisms, vapors of fuels and lubricants.

1.11. Mechanics must be provided with special clothing: a cotton suit and canvas mittens. For outdoor work in winter, additionally: a cotton jacket with an insulated lining.

1.12. It is not allowed to turn on or stop (except in emergency cases) machines, machines, mechanisms and electrical appliances that you have not been assigned to work on by the administration.

1.13. It is not allowed to touch the general lighting fixtures, broken electrical wires, terminals and other live parts, open the doors of electrical distribution cabinets and remove fences and protective covers from live parts of the equipment.

1.14. If the electrical equipment is faulty, call an electrician. You are not allowed to troubleshoot problems yourself.

1.15. In the event of an electric shock to a person, it is necessary to quickly turn off the part of the equipment that the victim touches. If the victim may fall from a height, his fall should be prevented or secured. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the equipment, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts.

1.16. At voltages up to 1000 V, to separate the victim from live parts, use a dry rag, board, rope, clothing or other dry, non-conducting material. The use of metal or wet objects is not permitted. If necessary, chop or cut the wires (each separately) with an ax with a dry wooden handle or a tool with insulated handles.

1.17. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of these Instructions are subject to administrative or criminal liability.

Manufacturing instructions for a mechanic

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, you need to put your work clothes in order: fasten the sleeve cuffs, tuck in the clothes so that there are no loose ends, tuck your hair under a tight-fitting headdress. It is not allowed to work in light shoes (slippers, sandals, sandals).

2.2. Carefully inspect the work area, put it in order, remove all foreign objects that interfere with the work.

2.3. Check the availability and serviceability of tools and accessories. When working, use only serviceable tools:

wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads and must not have cracks or nicks; the jaws of the keys must be strictly parallel and not rolled up, the sliding keys must not be loosened in the moving parts; placing pads between the jaws of the keys and the head of the bolt, as well as extending the handles of the keys using pipes and bolts or other objects is not allowed;

metalworking hammers and sledgehammers must have a slightly convex, not oblique or knocked down, crack-free striker surface, must be securely fastened to the handle by wedging with jagged wedges, and must not have work hardening;

the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface and be made of hardwood (dogwood, beech, young oak, etc.);

impact tools (chisels, crosscutters, bits, notches, punches, etc.) must not have cracks, burrs, or hardening. Chisels must have a length of at least 150 mm.

2.4. It is allowed to carry the tool to the workplace only in a special bag or box.

2.5. Check the lighting of the workplace to ensure that it is sufficient and does not dazzle the eyes. When working, use local lighting with a voltage not exceeding 36 V.

2.6. When using an electric lamp, you should check the presence of a protective mesh on the lamp, the serviceability of the cord and the insulating rubber tube. The voltage of a portable lamp is allowed no higher than 12 V.

2.7. If it is necessary to work with lifting machines controlled from the floor, check the serviceability of the main parts and components of the load lifting mechanism, namely:

the condition of the hook, the absence of wear in its mouth over 10% of the original cross-section, the absence of cracks, straightening, jamming in the hook cage and the presence of a cotter pin or locking of the hook fastening nut in the cage;

condition of the cargo rope (the number of broken wires at one laying step of the rope should not exceed the established standards);

operation of the brake of the load lifting mechanism (checked with a load whose weight is equal to or close to the rated load capacity of this machine when lifting it to a height of 200-300 mm; when stopping at the specified height, the brake must reliably hold the load; if the load slips or sag, the brake must be adjusted or replaced) ;

operation of the hook lift height limiter (when the hook is lifted up, it should stop after pressing the limit switch);

operation of push-button control (all movements must correspond to the inscriptions above the buttons), absence of buttons jamming in the sockets and the state of visible protective grounding (cable).

Note: To work with a manual hoist, you must obtain permission from the person responsible for the good condition of lifting machines.

2.8. Cleaning, repairs, and inspection of a crane and its parts in operation should be carried out only after it has been stopped and disconnected from the power supply.

2.9. Work near moving parts of machines and mechanisms is permitted after fencing off dangerous places.

Manufacturing instructions for a mechanic

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. Only the work assigned by the administration should be performed.

3.2. Wiping material used during work should be collected in specially installed metal boxes with lids.

3.3. It is not allowed to store flammable materials and oily cleaning materials in the workplace.

3.4. When pressing or unpressing parts using a sledgehammer and a drift, the latter should be held with pliers or a special grip. The punch should be made of soft material.

3.5. When cutting metal with a chisel, you must use safety glasses with safety glasses or mesh. Safety guards should be installed to protect others.

3.6. When working as a stacker, the second end should be covered with a special case or handle.

3.7. When working with a blowtorch it is not allowed:

use flammable liquid not intended for this lamp;

pour fuel into a burning lamp;

pour fuel near an open fire;

pump more air into the lamp than the permissible pressure;

Fill more than 3/4 of the lamp capacity with fuel.

If a malfunction is detected (fuel leakage, gas leakage through the burner thread, etc.), immediately stop work and replace the blowtorch.

3.8. When operating a power tool, the following requirements must be observed:

work in rubber gloves and dielectric galoshes or on a dielectric mat;

do not connect power tools to distribution devices if there is no reliable plug connection;

protect the wire supplying the power tool from mechanical damage;

Do not carry the power tool by the cord, use the handle for this;

do not replace the cutting tool until it stops completely;

during interruptions in work or power failure, turn off the tool;

Do not operate portable power tools at a height of more than 2.5 m on ladders.

3.9. When conducting periodic inspections of lifting machines, a thorough check of the condition of all mechanisms, load ropes, hook suspension, and metal structures should be carried out. The inspection results and defects identified during the inspection should be entered into the periodic inspection log of lifting machines.

3.10. When inspecting the crane mechanisms you should:

check the corkscrew fastening of couplings connecting the shafts of electric motors, gearboxes, etc.; If any play is detected, eliminate it; if the keys are worn out, replace them;

if a loosening of the bolted connection of the coupling halves is detected, tighten the loose nuts; if the leather or rubber rings at the fingers of the elastic couplings are worn out, install new rings;

do not allow longitudinal movement of the worm in the thrust bearing, which causes shocks when starting and stopping the electric motor;

do not allow the outer rings of ball bearings to rotate into the bearing housing and ensure that the inner pins fit tightly on the shaft journal;

if you detect a broken tooth of any gear of the lifting mechanism, a crack in the rotating parts of the crane mechanisms (gears, blocks, brake pulley, clutch, etc.), stop operating the crane until the defective part is replaced and inform the foreman about this;

when trying the electric brake, make sure that there is at least a slight reserve of the electromagnet thrust remaining, and also whether the counterweights are firmly attached to the brake levers (if necessary, they should be strengthened with a chain); when the brake rods are weakened, periodically, depending on the wear of the linings, tighten the rods;

If even small cracks or tears are detected in the brake band, stop operating the crane and notify the foreman;

if there is significant wear on the lining of the brake pads, replace the worn linings;

periodically, at least once a quarter, check the fastening of the equalizing stationary block, as well as the condition of its axis;

ensure that all accessible rotating parts of the lifting machine mechanisms, such as gears, shafts, ratchets, sprockets, keys, etc., are covered with guards of the appropriate design;

monitor the timely lubrication of all crane mechanisms and the absence of lubricant leaks from bearings and gearboxes;

regularly inspect the crane truss and trolley frame.

3.11. Repairs to the crane may only be undertaken with the permission of the person in charge.

3.12. Repairs to the crane should only be carried out at repair sites. Before starting work, the crane must be de-energized by turning off the switch of the main trolley wires and supplying short circuits. In addition, turn off the switch in the crane cabin. Prohibiting posters should be hung on switches: “Do not turn on! People are working.”

3.13. Test runs of the crane during repairs and after completion are permitted only with the permission and in the presence of the person responsible for the repairs.

3.14. Upon completion of repairs or maintenance, an appropriate entry must be made in the periodic inspection log of the crane.

3.15. Before installing a grinding wheel on a machine, you must make sure that it has a factory mark on it, which should indicate the maximum permissible speed. It is not permitted to exceed the maximum permissible speed. It is not allowed to work on grinding wheels that have cracks or other defects.

3.16. When installing and securing the grinding wheel to the spindle, the following precautions should be observed:

do not allow blows in a circle;

use clamping discs (flanges) of the same size;

install special gaskets with a thickness of at least 1 mm between the clamping discs and the stone;

make sure that the diameter of the hole in the stone is 0.51 mm larger than the diameter of the spindle.

3.17. After installing the grinding wheel you must:

check the operation of the grinding wheel at idle speed for 2-3 minutes and make sure that there is no beating of the stone and that the grinding wheel is properly balanced;

strengthen protective covers;

check that the circle begins to rotate smoothly, without jerking.

3.18. The gap between the grinding wheel and the tool rest should be no more than 3 mm.

3.19. When working on sharpening machines it is not permitted:

clean the circle, touch it with your hands;

open the protective covers of the shaft, spindle, pulley, stone;

putting on, removing and repositioning the belt;

work without a protective screen or glasses;

work with the end surfaces of the circle if it is not intended for this type of work.

3.20. When working, you need to ensure that the circle works evenly. If potholes and ledges form, the wheel should be replaced.

Manufacturing instructions for a mechanic

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If a faulty operation of an electrified, pneumatic or other tool is detected, it is necessary to disconnect it from the power supply and report this to the foreman or mechanic.

4.2. In case of accidents, provide first aid to the victim, and, if necessary, send the victim to medical institution.

If injured, immediately stop working, notify the administration and seek medical help.

4.3. When caught by rotating parts of machines, slings, traverses, hooks, etc. parts of the body or clothing must be immediately signaled to stop working. You should not try to free yourself from the grip if it is possible to attract others.

4.4. In the event of a fire, you must:

stop working;

turn off electrical equipment;

inform management and call the fire department;

begin to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing equipment.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. Put in order workplace, put tools and accessories in the tool box.

5.2. Inform the shift worker, foreman or foreman about the work performed, any problems with the work, the measures taken and their elimination, and make an appropriate entry in the shift mechanics’ log.

5.3. Wash your hands and face with warm water and soap, and take a shower if possible.

5.4. Hang the overalls in a locker specially designed for this purpose.

6. Responsibility.

A mechanic for the repair and maintenance of load-lifting cranes, trained and certified in the prescribed manner, who has production instructions in hand, is responsible for violating the requirements of these instructions in accordance with current legislation Russian Federation.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS No. 10

FOR ELECTRICIAN REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF LOAD-LIFTING MACHINES

Electricians for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines when carrying out work in accordance with their qualifications are required to comply with the safety requirements set out in the “Occupational Safety Instructions for Construction and Industry Workers” building materials and housing and communal services", this instruction, developed taking into account building codes and rules of the Russian Federation, “Rules for the design and safe operation lifting cranes" of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of Russia.

1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, trained in an appropriate program and certified by a qualification commission, and who have also received instruction on safe working methods directly at the workplace with registration in the instruction logbook are allowed to perform electrician work on repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines.

1.2. An electrician authorized to repair and maintain lifting machines must have an electrical safety group of at least III.

1.3. A certified electrician is issued a certificate for the right to repair and maintain electrical equipment of lifting machines, signed by the chairman of the commission, sealed with an official seal.

1.4. Permission to work as an electrician for repairs is issued by order of the enterprise (workshop, site) labor protection instructions.

1.5. Repeated testing of electrician's knowledge; carrying out repairs and maintenance of lifting machines, the following is carried out:

— periodically, at least once every 12 months;

- when moving from one enterprise to another;

- at the request of the person responsible for the supervision of lifting machines at the enterprise, or the inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor.

Knowledge testing is carried out in the scope of the Labor Safety Instructions, the relevant sections of the Safety Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations and the Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes.

1.6. An electrician authorized to independently work on the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines must know:

— labor protection instructions for electricians when servicing general industrial electrical equipment with voltages up to 1000 V;

— basic provisions of general electrical engineering;

— purpose, design and principle of operation of components, mechanisms and electrical equipment of lifting machines;

— electrical circuits fixed for servicing lifting machines;

— relevant sections of the Safety Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations and the Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes;

- the main causes of damage and accidents on electrical equipment of lifting machines, be able to find and eliminate them.

1.7. The electrician must comply with the rules of internal labor regulations enterprises. Smoking in production and auxiliary premises and on the territory of the enterprise is permitted only in places specially designated for this purpose.

1.8. When carrying out work, an electrician may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

— noise and vibration from operating mechanisms;

- electricity;

— production microclimate.

1.9. The electrician must be provided with personal protective equipment:

— cotton overalls;

— dielectric gloves;

— dielectric galoshes.

1.10. An electrician authorized to independently work on the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines must:

— inspect and repair electrical equipment of lifting machines;

— prepare electrical equipment of lifting machines for technical examination.

1.11. An electrician who repairs and maintains lifting machines must know and observe the rules of personal hygiene.

1.12. An electrician for the repair and maintenance of lifting machines must be able to provide first (pre-medical) aid to the victim in the event of an accident.

1.13. If any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, it is necessary to contact the person responsible for the safe performance of work.

1.14. A trained and certified electrician for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting machines bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements of these Instructions in accordance with current legislation.

2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, the electrician must familiarize himself with the entries in the operational log and accept from the electrician who passed the shift approved by the power engineer technical documentation, protective equipment for safety precautions, make an entry about accepting the shift in the operational log and sign.

2.2. Make sure there is sufficient lighting in the workplace.

2.3. Clean up your work area and remove all items that may interfere with safe work.

2.4. Put on the required protective clothing, prepare serviceable and tested individual means protection (dielectric gloves, galoshes).

2.5 Notify the foreman or work manager about any noticeable shortcomings at the workplace and do not begin work until their instructions.

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

During maintenance between repairs

3.1. Work carried out to eliminate malfunctions of electrical equipment of lifting machines at the request of drivers and not electrical personnel, and inspections regarding the safety of their implementation are divided into:

— work performed in the order of current operation, with an entry in the operational log;

- work performed by order of administrative and technical personnel with an electrical safety group of at least IV, with an entry in the operational log.

In the order of routine operation, the electrician on duty for servicing the electrical equipment of lifting machines is allowed, in the presence of a driver (crane operator) with electrical safety group II, to carry out the following work:

— inspection of electrical equipment;

— replacement of burnt-out lamps and fuse links;

— repair and replacement of electrical devices located in the driver’s (crane operator’s) cabin;

— checking the proper operation of safety instruments and devices, lighting, alarms and interlocks, with the exception of voltage alarm devices on the main trolleys

3.2. An electrician, having received an application from a driver (crane operator), must make an entry in the operational journal, indicating the date and time of receipt of the application, the name and position of the person who submitted the application, the contents of the application and the time the work began.

After eliminating the detected faults, it is necessary to make a record in the same journal about the content of the work performed and the time of its completion. At the same time, a record of troubleshooting is made in the driver’s (crane operator’s) logbook.

3.3. If malfunctions are detected that are not related to the list of works performed in the course of routine operation, the electrician on duty must report to the shift supervisor about the detected deficiencies.

3.4. Work performed by order, with an entry in the operational log:

— replacement of burnt-out electric motors;

— replacement of electromagnetic coils and brakes;

— adjustment of limit switches;

— carrying out periodic inspections.

3.5. Work according to the order must be carried out by two persons with an electrical safety group of at least III, with complete voltage relief, with the implementation of the necessary organizational and technical measures in accordance with the requirements of the Safety Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations with an entry in the operational log.

3.6. The person giving the order must determine the composition of the team, the work performer and organize the team’s access to work.

3.7. For all types of repairs and inspections of the electrical equipment of a crane located between two operating cranes, a permit must be issued with entries in the logbooks of all cranes of this span.

3.8. Periodic inspection of electrical equipment of lifting machines is aimed at identifying and eliminating possible malfunctions in electrical equipment, instruments and safety devices, for power purposes, control purposes, signaling, checking the serviceability of safety protective equipment and fire extinguishing equipment and confirming in the periodic inspection log that the electrical equipment of lifting machines is in good condition.

3.9. When inspecting electrical equipment of cranes, adjustment and activation of mechanisms must be carried out at the signal of the person performing the inspection.

3.10. When moving the crane bridge, persons inspecting and troubleshooting the electrical equipment of the crane must be in the cabin or on the bridge deck, and they should be careful not to touch the protruding parts of the ceiling, columns, and fittings.

3.11. When entering the crane gallery deck, the switch in the driver’s cabin must be turned off and a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” should be posted on its drive. Only remove the poster By by order of operational personnel.

3.12. When inspecting and troubleshooting the electrical equipment of the crane, it is necessary to observe all precautions and use the necessary working and tested protective equipment.

3.13. Upon completion of the repair and inspection, all removed fences on electrical equipment and electrical devices must be put back in place and strengthened.

3.14. The inspection results for each crane separately must be recorded in the periodic inspection log, indicating the date, time of inspection, summary deficiencies identified and corrected and must be signed by the person performing the repairs.

3.15. When troubleshooting, adjusting and inspecting the electrical equipment of the crane, it is prohibited:

— enter and exit the crane while it is moving;

- go out onto the crane tracks, walk By crane tracks, climb from one crane to another;

— adjust the brake of the mechanism with a lifted load, and also install devices for releasing the brake manually;

— leave tools, as well as loose equipment and parts on the gallery floor or on the cart;

— dump tools, materials and spare parts from the crane.

3.16. For portable power tools and portable lamps, use a safe voltage of no higher than 36 V.

3.17. When performing all work, the electrician must remove the key-mark from the crane operator in the manner established at the enterprise for using the key-mark system.

During planned repairs

3.18. The crane must be taken out for repairs by a person responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, in accordance with the scheduled repair schedule, with a work order issued for working in electrical installations. The work order is issued by the electrical technical personnel of the site, authorized by order of the chief power engineer of the enterprise.

The lines of the work order “Separate instructions” record additional safety measures related to working at height, to prevent running cranes from colliding with the one being repaired, repair personnel entering the crane tracks of operating cranes, etc. The completed work order is handed over to the person responsible the day before the start of repairs. for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, who, by signing, authorizes the work of the order in the lines “Separate instructions” and returns it to the person who issued the order.

The person responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, before starting repairs, is obliged to make an entry in the logbook of the driver (crane operator) of the crane being repaired with the following content:

“I authorize the manufacturer of the work, comrade ____, to carry out

Repair of electrical equipment of the crane No.__by____type of repair

from___h___min___day___month____year,

until __h __min__day of the month-year” and subscribe.

3.19. The work order for work on electrical devices must indicate the composition of the team, the work performer who allows the work, and the person issuing the work order; necessary technical events, ensuring the safety of work during the repair of electrical equipment of the crane; date and time of start of work, admission of the crew and completion of work.

3.20. The team's permission to repair the electrical equipment of the crane is carried out by the operating personnel on the basis of the work order for work in electrical installations and the permission of the person responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition. The person admitting him makes an entry in the operational journal of the energy service, filling out the appropriate columns in the work order, and allows the team to enter the crane.

3.21. To ensure safety when repairing the electrical equipment of the crane, it is necessary to place it on the repair site, make the necessary shutdowns, lock the switch drive, hang safety warning posters, install portable grounding and make a fence under the repair site.

3.22. Repair of electrical equipment of the crane can be carried out by electricians who have a certificate for the right to repair and service lifting machines, at least two people with an electrical safety group of at least III.

3.23. Do not allow unauthorized persons onto the tap. It is prohibited to enter the crane tracks without obtaining a special permit.

3.24. Upon completion of the repair and closing of the work order, the person responsible for maintaining the lifting machines in good condition checks the readiness of the crane for work and makes an entry in the crane logbook:

“I authorize the operation of the tap from ____h____min___day____month___year” with my signature.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

4.1. In the event of an accident, the victim or an eyewitness who was present is obliged to immediately notify the foreman or the head of the site, who must organize the provision of first (pre-medical) aid to the victim and send him to a medical institution. In the event of a serious accident, immediately call an ambulance and notify the administration.

4.2. Troubleshooting the electrical equipment of lifting machines should only be done when the crane is disconnected from the power supply.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORK COMPLETION

5.1. At the end of a shift or work, an electrician must:

- tidy up the workplace;

— remove parts, materials, electrical equipment and tools;

— put electrical circuits and other technical documentation in order;

- make an entry in the operational journal about technical condition electrical equipment of lifting machines in a designated area;

- hand over to the electrician accepting the shift the technical documentation approved by the power engineer of the workshop (site), safety protective equipment, make an entry about the handover of the shift in the operational log and sign about the handover of the shift.

Name of company

INSTRUCTION NO.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY FOR ELECTRICISTS
REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF LOAD-LIFTING CRANES.

G.
2002
Agreed: I approve:
Chairman of the trade union committee Head of the organization

2002 2002
Protocol No.

INSTRUCTION NO.
ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY FOR ELECTRICIAN REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF CRANES

1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, special education, practical training, have an electrical safety group, and have the appropriate qualifications in accordance with the tariffs are allowed to repair and maintain electrical equipment of cranes. qualification directory. A mechanic who repairs electrical equipment must undergo periodic medical examinations once every 24 months. According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 90 of March 1996
1.2. TO independent work Electricians who have undergone safety training and have learned safe work practices are allowed to perform maintenance and repair of electrical equipment of lifting mechanisms.
An electrician for servicing and repairing electrical equipment of lifting mechanisms must have at least III safety group.
1.3. In the process of work, within the deadlines established by the enterprise, the electrician must undergo safety instructions, course training according to an 18-hour program and pass exams on knowledge of the rules technical operation electrical installations of consumers and safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations of consumers.
1.4. An electrician servicing and repairing electrical equipment of cranes must know the testing periods for protective equipment and devices, the rules of operation and care for them, and be able to use them. It is not permitted to use protective equipment and devices that have expired the inspection period.
1.5. Electricians who use lifting mechanisms, electric and pneumatic tools, sharpening and drilling machines in the course of their main work, as well as those who perform work associated with increased danger and harmfulness, must undergo additional training and pass a technical minimum on design and operation of this equipment, tools, instructions on the rules of safe work performance, and have the appropriate certificate.
1.6. . An electrician for the maintenance and repair of cranes must know and comply with safety requirements.
1.7. .During the work period, electricians must use personal protective equipment (working clothes, safety shoes, gloves, glasses, etc.) issued by the enterprise administration.
1.8. . After working with varnishes and their solvents, you must wash your hands with warm water and soap.
1.9. An electrician for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of lifting mechanisms who violates labor protection requirements will be held accountable in accordance with job descriptions established for each employee in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.10. An electrician for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment of hoisting cranes in accordance with Article 4 of the “Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Labor Protection” has the right to refuse, without any unreasonable consequences for him, to perform work in the event of an immediate danger to his life and health until elimination this danger.

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. An electrician for the maintenance and repair of cranes must check:
work clothes, put them in order, fasten the cuffs of the sleeves. Work clothes must be in good condition and tucked in so that there are no hanging ends. Tie your hair under a tight-fitting headdress;
Is the workplace and approaches to it sufficiently lit? the light should not blind the eyes. Change light bulbs on the tap when the voltage is removed;
place the hand tools and devices necessary for work, personal protective equipment in convenient and easily accessible places so that the possibility of accidental movement or falling of them during work is excluded;
serviceability and availability of dielectric gloves inspection stamp
2.2. Inspect and tidy up the workplace, remove everything that may interfere with work; if the floor is slippery (drenched in oil, paint, water), demand that it be wiped off or do it yourself.
2.3.When working, use only serviceable, dry and clean tools and devices; the blade of the screwdriver must be pulled back and flattened to such a thickness that it fits into the slot of the screw head without a gap;
wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads and must not have cracks, gouges, or burrs. The jaws of the keys must be strictly parallel and not rolled up. Sliding keys should not have any slack (play) in the moving parts;
Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped, broken jaws or handles. The jaws of the needle-nose pliers must be sharp, and the pliers must have a proper notch;
supports used for manual riveting, crimping, embossing and other work must be durable and safe;
pullers must have a rigid structure and not have cracks, bent rods, torn or crumpled threads and ensure that the thrust (tensioning) device is aligned with the axis of the part being removed. The grips of the pullers must provide a tight and reliable grip on the part at the point where the force is applied. Mechanics are required to comply with the requirements for handling tools established by factory instructions.
2.4. To carry the tool, the electrician must use a special bag or a lightweight portable box. Carrying tools in pockets is prohibited.
2.5. When using lifting mechanisms (hoists, hoists, etc.), check the reliability of their fastening. Make sure that the lifting mechanisms and their load-handling devices are in good condition.
2.6. If you discover a malfunction of equipment, tools, or devices for the workplace, both before starting work and during work, inform the foreman and do not begin work until the problems are resolved. The use of faulty tools is prohibited.
III. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING OPERATION
3.1. In the process of work, an electrician for the maintenance and repair of cranes is obliged to:
perform only the work assigned by the administration. If the safe way to perform the work is not well known, contact the administration for clarification;
do not start new (unfamiliar) base work; receive instructions from the master about safe ways to perform it;
keep your workplace clean and tidy during all working hours; there should be no oil, parts, blanks, scraps or other waste under your feet; while working, be attentive, do not get distracted and do not distract others;
do not allow persons related to this work to enter the workplace. Do not trust your work to another worker without the master’s permission;
Having noticed a violation of the instructions by other workers or a danger to others, do not remain indifferent, but warn the worker about the danger or the need to comply with safety rules.
3.2. Before removing electrical equipment from the crane for repairs, remove the voltage from the network, turn off the main switch of the crane, and also remove the fuses. Proceed with the removal of electrical equipment only after checking that there is no voltage and hanging a sign “Do not turn on. People are working” on the switch or control key.
3.3. To lift, remove, install and transport heavy (weighing more than 16 kg) units, components and parts, you must use serviceable lifting and transport equipment of appropriate lifting capacity, which you are authorized to work on.
3.4. When working with lifting mechanisms, comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions for persons using lifting mechanisms controlled from the floor.
3.5. Disassembly and assembly of small components of the crane electrical equipment should be carried out on workbenches, and large ones - on special work tables or stands, cassettes that ensure their stable position.
3.6. Use wrenches only to fit the size of the nuts or bolts. When tightening or loosening nuts or bolts, do not place a spacer between the edges of the wrench and the nut, or use levers.
3.7. When removing, pressing and pressing in plug-in units and parts, use pullers, presses and other devices that ensure safe operation.
3.8. When working at a workbench, make sure that its surface is clean, smooth and free of burrs.
3.9.. When disassembling electric motors, shields, stators, rotors and armatures should be placed on special racks and stands.
3.10. Welding or soldering the ends of the windings should only be done with safety glasses.
3.11. Before testing electrical equipment after repair, it must be firmly fixed, grounded (zeroed), and rotating and moving parts must be covered with safety covers.
3.12. When performing work together with several persons, a senior (level) worker must be appointed, who is obliged to coordinate the actions of his fellow workers
When working with power tools, wear rubber gloves and on a dielectric mat if the voltage is above 42 V
3.13. Do not carry the power tool by the electrical cord; use the handle to do this.
3.14. During interruptions in operation or power failure, the tool must be turned off.
3.15. Changing fuse links in the presence of a switch should be done when the voltage is removed. If it is impossible to remove the voltage, replacing fuse links is allowed under voltage, but when the load is removed, the change should be done while wearing safety glasses.
3.16. When inspecting distribution boards and electrical device assemblies, the following is prohibited:
-remove warning posters, fences, and penetrate them.;
- approach live parts and open fittings.
3.17. When putting electrical equipment into operation, you must:
- take personnel to a safe distance;
-check the serviceability of the electrical circuit;
- remove all portable grounding connections;
-remove temporary barriers and remove warning posters.

IV. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
5.1. In case of any accident or occurrence emergency situation, which can lead to an accident and an accident with the crane installation, the electrician is obliged to immediately take all measures within his power to prevent the possibility of damage (destruction) to the facility and eliminate the danger to human life. At the same time, report the incident to the foreman or immediate supervisor of the work.
5.2. . Repair of electrical equipment should only be carried out when the voltage has been removed.
5.3. Every worker must be able to provide first aid. Such assistance is provided immediately, directly at the scene of the incident and in the following sequence:
First you need to eliminate the source of injury. Providing assistance must begin with the most significant thing that threatens health or life: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint;
for open fractures, you should first bandage the wound and then apply a splint; in case of burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, carefully rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues;
In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately free the victim from the action of the current, namely: turn off the switch, cut the wire, pull it back or throw it away with a dry stick or pole. Do not touch the victim while he is under the influence of current. If the victim is unable to breathe, immediately begin cardiac massage and artificial respiration until a doctor arrives.
5. After first aid is provided, the victim must be sent or taken to the nearest medical facility.
V. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORK COMPLETION
5.1. Disconnect (disconnect) the electrical equipment of the crane installation and power tools from the network.
5.2. Place the tools and accessories in the designated storage space.
5.3 Put the workplace in order, clean metal box with a lid or destroy the rags used during work.
5.4. Wash your hands with warm water and soap.
5.5. Report all problems discovered during work to the foreman.

The instructions were compiled by:
head of department:

Agreed:
OT engineer

... Full version document with tables, images and attachments in the attached file...

What is the profession of an electrician and what types is it divided into? What are the responsibilities of an electrician? Answers to these and many other questions will be given in the article.

What is an electrician?

The lights in the rooms are lit only thanks to electricians. If some electrical device breaks down, then, of course, they call an electrical installer for help. Thanks to representatives of the profession in question, constant high-quality control over electrical engineering is carried out. In Russia and other CIS countries there is a serious shortage of workers. The country needs high-quality, competent specialists. That is why the profession of an electrician has remained in high demand in the labor market for a long time. All are created the necessary conditions for employees: wages increase, optimization work environment, professional training is improving - if only more people enter the profession.

What does it say about a representative of the profession in question? production instructions for an electrician? This document establishes that the employee is obliged, if necessary, to assemble, install, install, align, adjust or repair various types electrical equipment and technical equipment. In addition, the employee needs to know the basics of electronics, the principles of operation of various mechanisms, the design of electrical appliances, etc. A complete list of disciplines that the employee must have an understanding of is regulated in detail by the production instructions for an electrician.

Production responsibilities of an electrician

The results of the surveys show that a person working as an electrician must primarily carry out physical work. A representative of the profession in question must have good, good health, high level endurance and excellent physical fitness.

If we talk about the responsibilities of the employee, then everything will depend only on the category and qualifications of the worker. Thus, the production instructions for an electrician prescribe that a 2-3 category worker is required to wash parts and elements of various devices. Cleaning contacts of electrical equipment is also the responsibility of a 2-3 class professional. Workers with the 4th or 5th category are required to engage in more difficult and difficult work. Accordingly, the responsibility of such specialists will increase significantly. Carrying out diagnostics of various hardware circuits - both electrical and mechanical, eliminating various types of problems and malfunctions - all this is included in the group job functions represented employee. Among other things, it is specialists of the 4th and 5th categories who are required to draw up various production sketches, drawings and diagrams.

It is also worth noting that the professional sphere itself includes more than 40 different subspecies. Each of them is an independent specialty, the basics of which are contained in the standard production instructions for an electrician. Next, the most basic and most common subtypes of this profession will be considered.

Electrician's rights and responsibilities

The production instructions for an electrician assign to a representative of the profession in question a number of specific rights and a group of criteria for which the employee must be responsible. It is worth noting that the entire presented list will not be changed or shortened in any way depending on the working category and function groups.

So, what rights does an electrician have? Like most other working professionals, the person in question has the right to:

to a workplace provided employment contract and other legal and regulatory acts;
for timely and full wages;
to rest;
for safe work;
to provide him with all information, as well as any plans in one way or another related to the work of electricians;
to participate in the management of the enterprise;
to protect your rights and much more.

Only the most basic professional rights of an employee were mentioned above. What types of responsibility can be distinguished? Here are the most common types:

for the conscientious and high-quality performance of their labor functions;
for internal regulations;
for labor safety;
for careful attitude to the property of the enterprise and more.

Thus, the electrician’s production instructions for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment quite competently and clearly organize all types of responsibilities and rights.

Electrician 4 categories

A 4th category electrician is a very important person in production. That is why it is worth revealing the essence of his work in a little more detail. Because the general concept The profession of “electrician” has already been described, you will have to turn directly to the responsibilities of the employee. So, what do the production instructions for a 4th category electrician prescribe? What common functions can be identified here? Here are the most basic ones:

Disassembly, timely inspection and repair of operating equipment.
Carrying out a full technical inspection upon completion of the repair.
Control over signaling - light and sound, over magnetic stations, control posts, etc. Timely elimination of various problems.
Carrying out work at power plants - departmental, transformer, etc.
Full control over lighting; Timely troubleshooting of voltage lines.
Soldering.
Drawing up drawings and diagrams and performing work on them.

Electrician 5th category

Of the eight possible, an electrician of the fifth category is a rather important and valuable person in production. The production instructions for a 5th category electrician assign the following responsibilities to the employee:

disassembly, inspection, repair, assembly and commissioning of high-voltage electrical machines and electrical equipment (up to 15 kV).
Working with automation and telemechanics: eliminating defects and setting up.
Work with lighting and power installations that have particularly complex switching circuits.
Work with cable networks with power from 35 kV.
Working with high-frequency installations and mercury rectifiers.
Carrying out work with furnaces (steel-smelting, tunnel and blast furnaces), with rolling machines, with welding equipment, etc.
Inspection, repair and commissioning of particularly complex type vacuum furnaces.
Work to identify, eliminate and prevent vibrations and noise in production that exceed the norm.
Carrying out work with production transport lines, with feedback by voltage and current.

Of course, representatives of the profession in question with the fifth category can be endowed with many other functions. However, everything will depend on the company and place of work. An electrician's work instructions for repairing electrical equipment involve a wide variety of functions and responsibilities.

About the electrician for winding repairs

What is the work performed by the type of worker in question?
The electrician's production instructions for winding repair stipulate that a representative of this profession is obliged to identify defects, determine the volume and production labor activity, associated with the repair of “monolith” type windings of any voltage with cooling - indirect or direct. This also includes solid winding and work on connecting parts of electric machines, testing windings for strength.

Above was presented a brief description of work performed. However, what examples of the work activities of the workers in question can be given? Here are the most common:

The old winding is dismantled and new winding is installed on the rotors of turbogenerators and large electric machines.
Carrying out similar work with generators with water, hydrogen or oil cooling.
Working with centering and banding rings on generator rotors.
Detection, repair and prevention of moisture leakage from the winding.

Of course, the representative of the profession in question is also endowed with many other functions. However, they are all described in full in the job description.

About an electrician for repairing electric meters

The electrician's production instructions for the repair and maintenance of electric meters assign the employee a number of rights, duties and responsibilities. Next, we will talk only about the main functions of the presented employee, since they will help reveal the image of this specialist as widely as possible. So, what can be highlighted here?

In short, the employee is obliged to change electricity meters in a timely and efficient manner. However, in addition to replacement, the specialist is also required to deal with finances. It's about on ensuring quality income Money for the use of electricity from ordinary consumers. It is worth mentioning documentation - almost no profession can do without it these days. Thus, the electrician in question is obliged to timely draw up, execute and submit to management all the necessary papers on repairing meters or replacing them.

In general, the work of the specialist in question is not much different from other types of electrical installation: elimination of defects, control of equipment, timely replacement of equipment and much more - all this makes up the profession presented.

Who is a gas turbine maintenance electrician?

First, it’s worth understanding what GPM is and how it stands for. Everything is quite simple here: these are lifting machines.
However, the question may arise: “What does the electrician have to do with it? What does he have to do with cranes?” The thing is that lifting equipment directly connected to the network went into oblivion many years ago. Today, driving machines of this kind will be very difficult. Needless to say, how important a person here will be a person who can diagnose the device, repair and service it. But a representative of the profession in question is just such a person. Without exaggeration, we can say that an electrician of this kind is probably the most prestigious specialist in his professional environment.

The production instructions for a gas-and-metres electrician (GPM) electrician assign a number of responsibilities to the employee. What are they? This will be discussed further below.

Responsibilities of an electrician for PMG repair

The duties of the employee in question are regulated by a special production instruction for an electrician. According to this document, almost all objects are subject to maintenance of gas and grouting equipment.
The specialist himself must:

Maintain all production equipment in optimal and working condition.
Conduct periodic inspections and checks of existing equipment.
To keep a journal periodic inspection(typical for specialists with a certain rank).
Eliminate any problems that arise within a short or specified period of time.
Carry out work with experimental technical schemes. equipment that is particularly complex (adjustment, testing, repair, commissioning, etc.)
Working with instrument transformers (checking available accuracy classes).
Work with special pipelines, systems filled with various liquids (oil, gas, etc.)
Studying the operating conditions of certain types of hydraulic and mechanical engineering machines; “practice development” - searching for wear, eliminating defects, and more.
Conducting briefings for workers who are in one way or another involved in the gas and mechanical engineering operations.

Thus, the responsibilities of a representative of the profession in question are no different. The production instructions for an electrician for repairing PMG establishes the most common range of functions. Shifting responsibilities to a PMG environment certainly seems exponentially more difficult. However, this complexity is easily compensated by prestige.

Safety requirements when working as electricians

Safety clauses are contained in the electrician's production instructions. This document pays great attention to the maintenance of electrical equipment. But where higher value worker safety matters here.
So, the instructions prescribe the following about the safety of specialists:

If you find an injured person, you must call an ambulance as soon as possible medical care. In this case, it is necessary to inform management and the administration.
Troubleshooting work on equipment should only be carried out when the power supply is turned off.
Workers must keep their work areas neat and clean.
Existing documentation must be in perfect order at all times.
All information about the condition of a particular piece of equipment must be recorded in a log.

Compliance with all of the above requirements will help avoid accidents at work.

Today there are a lot of professions related to electrical engineering. But we must admit that the level of requirements for performers in these professions can be very different.

As an example, we can cite well-known electricians who service some household or administrative buildings and engaged primarily in replacing light bulbs. And they can be contrasted with specialists who repair complex equipment that includes power electronic converting equipment. Both of them are familiar with electricity and have an electrical safety clearance group (perhaps even the same one). Both are skilled workers.

But even with a superficial examination, the differences in the qualifications of these specialists are visible to everyone. With all due respect to ZhEK electricians, they are far from being professional electricians who diagnose and repair complex electromechanical devices.

So, in the “hierarchy” of electrical engineering specialists electricians servicing modern cranes occupy a place close to the top. Without any exaggeration.

The days when the asynchronous drive of electric lifting machines was started up directly into the network are long gone. Today, only low-power crane beam drives are activated in this way. And even those are gradually switching to more progressive (read - more complex) drive systems.

Rheostatic starting of an electric drive using motors with wound rotors is also a thing of the past. The vast majority of cranes produced today are equipped with electric drives of the “frequency converter - asynchronous motor with squirrel-cage rotor" In cranes controlled from the operator's cabin, all available drives increasingly have such a system. Moreover, this applies equally to both domestic and foreign cranes.

The advantages of such a drive system are higher energy indicators, the possibility of implementing almost perfectly smooth starting and braking, the complete absence of jerks and shock loads on the mechanical elements of the drive. And in general, the control possibilities of a variable frequency drive seem almost limitless.

The possibilities are endless, but to use them you need high qualifications and knowledge not only in the field of electric drives, but also in the field of electronics.

A crane is an object that represents increased danger during operation. Hence - a large number of all kinds of blocking and protection included in schematic diagram control circuits of any crane. And the greater the crane’s lifting capacity, the more complex the design of its control circuits.

Not every electrician can understand the diagrams of large special lifting machines. In addition, most modern cranes are equipped with microprocessor safety devices, periodic Maintenance which and checking with control weights also often falls on the shoulders of electricians for servicing cranes.

So, we note that in order to be an electrician repairing cranes, you must:

2. Have an understanding of the operation of microprocessor and network devices, be familiar with computer science;

3. Be familiar with the standards not only of the PUE and PTEEP, but also of a number of other documents regulating the operation of lifting machines. Among these documents, in particular, PB-382-00, RD 10-208-98 and others.

4. Know not only electrical engineering, but also mechanics, since each crane drive is an electromechanical device. And without knowledge of mechanics, it will be extremely difficult to adjust this drive.

5. Familiarize yourself with the training course “Electrical Machines” at least at a level that allows you to remember the characteristics of electric motors, if necessary.

6. Don’t be afraid of heights and poor working conditions. Cold, wind (within the permissible wind load for a given crane) - all this does not wait until you finish repairing and maintaining the lifting machine.

7. Have the skills to work safely with electricity and work at height.

8. Have good health. After all, even poor eyesight for doctors is a formal reason to deny a person the right to work at heights. And even glasses won't help here.

Obviously, not everyone can be an electrician servicing cranes. Here we should only make a reservation that such requirements should be presented only to specialists working at enterprises with a large and regularly updated fleet of lifting equipment. And today there are plenty of such enterprises.

Alexander Molokov