home Magazine Geodetic survey work. What is a cadastral and geodetic survey of a land plot? Composition and procedure for surveying

Geodetic survey work. What is a cadastral and geodetic survey of a land plot? Composition and procedure for surveying

It's no secret that any construction begins with an assessment of the terrain. Geodetic survey is an important process that is carried out at the initial stage of designing any building object. Before the start of the planning of the building, surveyors arrive at the site of the future construction site. Their task is a geodetic survey of the site and an assessment of the main parameters that may affect the construction and operation of a new facility.

Also, the main duties of surveyors include laying basic communications, a detailed study of the landscape of the area and its features, as well as preparing building plan. In addition, surveyors should check for abandoned utilities and other structures that may be located on the building site.

At the final stage, a control geodetic survey is carried out, as well as a detailed plan selected land plot taking into account the necessary coordinates and scale of construction.

Thus, there are several procedures that accompany geodetic work:

Project development.
Survey of the selected area and design of the land plot.
Examination of building objects.
Construction and installation support.

Standard geodetic survey (topographic) is necessary during the construction or reconstruction of buildings of any complexity, as well as during the repair or construction of main communications. The task of specialists is to determine the exact coordinates construction works and establish the features of the landscape and soil in the selected area.

Geodetic survey of the site

Topographic survey of the land plot is also carried out during the design and laying of the roadway. After that, surveyors provide construction company topographic plan taking into account the established scale of the area. In the future, this project will be included in the folder with the main documentation, which is necessary to start construction.

Today, leading experts use a variety of classic and latest tools to conduct high-quality topographic surveys.

Currently, professional geodetic equipment is widely used, operating with the help of special aerial cameras and GPS satellites.

Geodetic survey during the construction of a private house

The scope of work in the construction of a private house and high-rise buildings, of course, is different. However, geodetic survey is needed in both cases. Just when building your own low-rise building with a height of one to three floors, you can limit yourself to only some services without ordering the entire range.
For the first time, the services of surveyors will have to be addressed even before the start of construction. When a land plot has been purchased, but work has not yet begun, it will be useful to check the accuracy and compliance of the boundaries, and at the same time find out if there are engineering networks on your site. This will allow both saving in the future on connecting to various communications, and avoiding problems associated with the possibility of damage to these networks during earthworks.

When the necessary measurements have been made, and the plan of the land plot has been documented, as well as the layout (if any) of pipelines, cables and other underground surprises, you can proceed to the next step - determining the volume of land masses.

This type of work is necessary for almost everyone who plans to build a private house or cottage on a deep foundation, arrange a basement floor, work related to landscape design or simply leveling the site.

At the initial stage, specialists, using instruments and further accurate calculations, determine the types of soils, the thickness and depth of the various layers, the mobility of the masses, the depth of freezing and the level of groundwater. After that, they draw up a diagram of the site indicating the elevation difference.

When deciding to build a new building on your site, you may encounter a lot of questions. First of all, it will be necessary to conduct a geodetic study and prepare documentation that should be sent to the architectural department. Many people miss this moment, erect a building on the site, and then suffer and do not understand why it collapses.

Consider what land surveying is, and answer all the important questions.

Land owners often, in order to save money, do not want to conduct a topographic survey of the site. However, surveyors say that these works should bemandatory, especially before construction.

Why is land surveying necessary?

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, when applying to the architectural department of your district or city, you must submit to the authority a document confirming that these works have been carried out , and the test result. Usually in the project they write whether this land can be used for construction.

Consider why land surveying is so important.

In the project specialist:

Mark the physical coordinates of the site on the ground.
Determines the shape and location of objects that are already there.
He will indicate the heights and write about the buildings that can be located in this area.
Map the layout of the site itself and the surrounding area. These can be buildings, roads, fences, etc.
Indicates underground communications available underground.

Thanks to the work performed, you will be able to understand what kind of construction can be started, and on what territory.

for example, for urban areas, under certain conditions, it is possible to build a residential shopping complex. And for rural areas - the construction of households.

Turning to the geodetic service, do not rush to conclude an agreement. Have a company worker show you rough plan their works . Modern surveyors send it even in electronic format.

Often, before geodesy of a land plot, it is required coordinate work with different authorities, neighbors, organizations that use this land. It is worth thinking about this in advance.

Usually these events are carried out by the service you contacted.

A complete list of geodetic works on the land

The construction of objects on the land plot should begin with geodetic works. You don't want to build a house and then realize that it's collapsing because the foundation isn't stable on loose soil.

To prevent this from happening, you should contact the experts.

The work of geodesists includes:

1. Topographic survey

A specialist traveling to the site prepares a plan of the area with all kinds of characteristics. For example, the soil is described, its samples are taken, the presence of water flowing underground is indicated. It is these features that make it possible to understand the relief of the territory.

And topographic survey is necessary for documentation. You will know the boundaries of your site. The exact coordinates of the area will be indicated in the project. Thus, you should not have conflict situations with neighbors.

Topographic survey takes place in several stages:

First: the specialist prepares the project.
Second: enters the received data into a computer and a database. A topographic plan is required before the landscape designer begins work.
The designer must know where it is possible and where it is impossible to plant trees, plants, place sculptures, build pools.

2. Surveying

In a certain area there may be underground utilities . These include gas, water, electrical supply, communications, etc. When building a building, you should be aware of how they are located and where - on your site or nearby.

The project will describe the mandatory building regulations relating not only to underground utilities, but also to existing objects, fences, poles, trees, hatches, pits. In addition, the elevation differences in your area will be indicated, the existing slope, and recommendations will be given regarding the location of the building relative to the cardinal points.

3. Coordination of the correct location and mapping of underground utilities in services

The surveyor must cooperate with the relevant organizations to verify the accuracy of the documentation.

4. Engineering and geological work

This type of work is a thorough study of the soil in the laboratory, the identification of conclusions regarding the bearing capacity of the earth and other important issues.

5. Registration of a boundary plan confirming the placement of boundary marks on the territory of the land plot

6. Registration of geodetic and topographic surveys in the bodies of architecture

7. Consideration of the building project and its comparison with topographic and geodetic documentation

The specialist can identify the causes of deformation of the foundation, the destruction of the building.

The surveyor can place points and main axes of the future structure or determine its size and shape, depending on the specific area.

Who is doing the work?

Geodetic survey of the land plot should be trusted to professionals.

Usually 1-2 people work. It can be surveyor and cartographer .

Consult with your neighbors, find out opinions about organizations on the forums, consult with company specialists and choose the best one. Surely you can find experienced professionals who can answer all your questions and complete the work on time.

Advice: You can ask the company if they have a license to perform this work.

Lead time

How long will geodetic work last - approximately 1-4 weeks.

Time of execution of geodetic works may be different. It depends on where the site is located, what weather conditions are in a given period, how long documents will be considered at the architectural bureau, and also on the employment of specialists.

When should you contact a specialist?

You should contact surveyors before buying land. You can consult and ask questions. For example, whether it is worth buying a plot in a certain area, whether such an area is suitable for construction.

And surveyors will conduct research after your purchase. After receiving the documents, you will be able to register the site and plan the construction.

Contract for geodetic works

The contract for geodetic work is an important document. He should not be forgotten. A documented relationship is better than a verbal agreement. So the specialist will feel responsible for their actions.

A sample agreement looks like this:

Scheme of work of a geodetic company

Basically, specialists work according to this scheme.

None modern building does not do without a preliminary topographic and geodetic survey of the land. Usage modern equipment allows you to produce it with an accuracy of millimeters.

What is it and why is it needed?

- this is a set of works, during which data is obtained on a given land plot, namely: the nature of the relief and elevations, the location of ground and underground facilities, communications, the determination of the coordinates of all points in the local or world coordinate system. These works are carried out using measuring instruments, like a level, theodolite, total station, GPS receivers, cable and pipe detectors, tape measure, pole with a reflector.

Geodetic work includes

When choosing a land plot for the construction of a house, do not forget that in the future it must also accept landscape design.

How to shoot

To to start shooting:

- Lay a theodolite traverse from the nearest points with known plan-altitude coordinates (benchmarks) to the site. If you are using GPS receivers, you can skip this step. In the future, it will be possible to simply coordinate the stations from which the site will be surveyed.

- Choose a place on the plot, one or more, from which the maximum of the required points can be seen and the survey will be carried out. If there are several stations of the device, all of them must have a visual message between them.

- Install the device(theodolite, total station, level) in a horizontal state directly above the station, using an optical or laser plummet.

Before starting measurements, you needmake an outline- This is a visual diagram of the measured area, indicating absolutely all objects and their characteristics in any convenient scale. Compiled with a pencil, because. in the course of measurements, most likely, multiple edits will be made.

- Make measurements of vertical and horizontal angles at each point, directing the grid of threads of the device to the center of the reflector of the pole, which must be in a strictly vertical position. All quantitative indicators are recorded in the memory of the device and duplicated in the field log. It is important not to forget to also record the height of the instrument at the station and the height of the reflector at each point.

After measurements by the device are carried outall extra dimensions: the number of lines invisible from the station, the depth of the communications and their characteristics, the height of trees and buildings.

Next stage- cameral geodetic work, it is on it that various plans, projects and other fascinating things are drawn.

After that, they carry out

Transferring the project of the house to nature

Let's start considering the transfer of the house project to the area. This is done by offsetting the axes of the structure. It should be noted that axes are transferred to nature in plan and height, this is necessary for the correct landing of the designed building.

For determining elevations use ground markers. These are simple pipes that are driven into the ground below the freezing mark. Such signs suit for the removal of marks of the foundation of the house. Soil signs should be placed in an inaccessible area for vehicles. They should be clearly visible, the places reserved for soil marks should not be cluttered up at least on the 0th cycle. It is recommended to use a fence protecting ground marks. Existing marks, for example, the top point of the foundation of a constructed building, can also act as a soil mark. It should be remembered that such structures should not be demolished during construction.
Altitude is determined by a level - a special optical-mechanical geodetic device used for geometric leveling. In other words, a level is needed to determine the difference between two points. This device is mounted on a tripod, which is equipped with a spotting scope. It is set precisely according to the sensitive level, which makes it possible to take height values with an accuracy of 0.05 mm.

The question of the need to conduct a geodetic survey (GS) arises when it is required to carry out construction work on the construction of a new building on a land plot, when laying communication routes, if there is a desire to carry out a privatization procedure for a specific area. In this case, you need to know what types of filming take place and their parameters.

What is it?

Currently, construction work cannot be carried out without measurements of the land allotment. In this case, geodesy comes to the rescue, namely, the land is marked under design work, coordinates are set, heights are determined.

The science of geodesy has as its subject of study the division of land. If considered in a technical sense, it is a science capable of providing various branches of human activity. These include cartography, cadastre of coordinates, mining, and construction.

HS example

This science helps to obtain measurements on the surface of the land plot, to depict topographic plans and maps. For the possibility of solving engineering issues, the direction of engineering geodesy is used.

Such a science was formed in the 19th century, at a time when industrial revolutions were taking place. Due to the fact that the pace of construction of buildings and structures increased quite quickly, it became necessary to add objects to the layout of plans.

The engineering direction of geodesy is understood as a group of works that have their focus on the study of the characteristics of land plots, its features of natural orientation, building materials. The determination also takes place in relation to the availability of water supply to the site.

Types of HS

Due to the fact that this science is applied, the list of its tasks includes:

surveys that are carried out in various parts of the terrain and its types, with the aim of collecting accurate characteristics;
design - with its help, the relief of the site is adjusted, various transformations of the terrain that are required for construction;
projects are applied to a separate area;
axles are broken down;
verified locally construction equipment and structures, while the height is subject to accounting, carry out vertical markings;
deformations occurring in structures are measured.

The basis of the geodesy map is a grid of reference points, which are determined according to a coordinate system that is the same for all. The network data is divided into a planned and high-rise variety, they are built using trigonometric leveling.

HS Rule

This means that the excess is to be determined, which is calculated using graduated rods. The process under consideration is called the creation of reference points for measuring the levels of high-altitude areas.

When considering a territory that has steep slopes, a theodolite is used for this task. With its help, it is possible to determine the height points that have a reference value, however, this device will require accurate measurements between two points.

Theodolite specimen

The determination of planned points is also carried out using this device. In this situation, it is required to indicate the directions, the distances that add up between the corners and planned points. The triangulation method is used to define a network of planned control points.

Differences from cadastral survey

The cadastral type of survey is intended to determine and restore the boundaries of land plots. This variety is closely associated with geodesy, due to the fact that its implementation requires appropriate measurements.

As a difference, it is distinguished that the cadastral variety consists of a set of actions aimed at assigning the boundaries of the allotment. In this case, it is required to coordinate with the owners of adjacent plots.

Shooting tasks are:

land surveying, what is actually the work of geodetic orientation;
the area of the plots is coordinated with all the owners of allotments;
the borders of the territory that were violated are restored;
establishes rules regarding restrictions and use regarding the use of the allotment and natural resources;
creation of a cadastral assignment plan.

Cadastral survey of the site

The main difference is the focus of the types of surveys under consideration. When talking about a geodetic, it is believed that there are more generalized measurements of the allotment, which can be referred to in the conduct of further work.

Cadastral surveying uses a type of geodesic for specific purposes. An example is a list of land plots, the natural resources that they have, the preparation of documents and cadastral registration.

If we take the method that is used when using various kinds of measuring value tools as the bases of division, then we can distinguish:

surveys conducted on the ground;
those that are carried out using aircraft;
combined ground and with the use of air transport;
carried out by satellites.

Shooting types

In turn, surveys that are carried out on the ground can be divided depending on what goal is ultimately pursued and in what area it is used:

facade orientation;
topographic;
control value;
vertical or floor;
special varieties.

These surveys, as a rule, are ordered in order to carry out the design of various kinds of construction work and to improve the territory. Also, the goal may be that the state land cadastre is formed, land management is carried out, and disputes that arise are resolved.

The need for

Geodetic survey is understood as complex work that begins with what is determined geographical location object to be built. The expediency of the technical and economic location is subject to consideration. They determine how high-quality soils and their composition are, whether it is possible to use them as a resource for construction purposes.

In addition to the fact that measuring work on the ground is required for different types project activities, also with respect to the production of the entire set of works of a geodetic orientation, it is possible to obtain an accurate layout of the allotment, which reflects all the buildings, structures and lines of technological significance placed on it.

Sample plan plan

This plan is called the geo-substratum and its implementation takes place on a scale of 1:500. The period during which this act is considered suitable is four years.

During this period, it is required to carry out the entire range of design work that needs to be carried out on the site. As a result of the survey of the geodetic orientation, you can get a plan of the allotment, which reflects all its dimensional characteristics, which are tied to objects located on the ground. Data for all types of design of structures and buildings is also reflected.

Compound

When considering the composition of this activity, we can say that the first element is the development of the basis of the geodesic. This activity includes a breakdown of the territory on plans reflected in electronic and paper form, control marks and axes are also applied to places, and highways and linear networks are designated.

The next element is the breakdown of objects with a linear orientation on the area. Also, a marking network is carried out for installation, control over the measurements of the parameters of buildings and work with the resulting defects in the constructed facility is carried out. There is a control of the engineering direction during the use of the object, the existing deformations are observed.

Creating a geodetic stakeout

They begin to carry out geodetic work after they are fully prepared construction site. First of all, work is carried out on the marking and filming orientation. It looks like the transfer of the axis to the ground, the territory is marked according to the planned and high-altitude marks.

Next, tracing actions are carried out, that is, the route is laid out on the spot, which consists of sections equal to 100 meters and diameters. During the tracing, pickets are used by specialists, which are further fixed with pegs. The result of such activity is a picket magazine.

Then they proceed to perform the executive survey, through which it is determined whether there are deviations from the project and the accuracy of the work performed. If there are inconsistencies between the structure erected and what is reflected in the design documents, this is reflected in the acts.

Executive ToS

Through the use of capturing the performance value during installation work structures, existing errors and deviations that can be corrected can be identified.

Filming is aimed at monitoring the quality of construction work being carried out. From the beginning of all activities and until its completion, specialists measure the deformations of buildings in order to be able to correct the construction process.

All the considered stages of this process act as mandatory for application, while it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plans, since they are expressed by the main composite works construction and installation direction.

What tools are used to conduct?

Regarding the choice of certain devices, the following factors are reflected:

types, purposes and accuracy of surveys;
the period within which the work must be submitted;
scope of these works.

In terms of measuring angles, in some cases, standard optical theodolites are still used to this day. If we consider a standard set of instruments, then it includes: a tripod, a measuring tape, milestones, a level. In this case, all measurements are processed manually. Formulas are used that are calculated on special calculators.

Classification of geodetic instruments by purpose

Advanced technologies are implemented in special tools such as tachometers, GPS receivers and others. With their help, it is possible to increase the productivity of activities and facilitate the calculations. Measurements taken on the ground are reflected in the memory of partings, which makes it possible to save them and transfer them to the program.

What programs are being used?

In this direction, two types of measurements are used:

those that are obtained as a result of the so-called direct measurement, which takes into account the length of the lines, the distance;
those that are to be determined by various formulas are composed with respect to the first variety.

Depending on what geodetic tools are used for processing, work carried out on the ground can be performed in two ways:

programs are used general use, an example is Microsoft Excel(they reflect a different set of formulas, it is considered most optimal to use it when carrying out various kinds of calculations, which are reflected in a small volume;
specialized programs are used, which include those that were developed specifically for processing.

It can also be said that special and general programs for formats and instruments are being developed.

In what form can the results of a geodetic survey be obtained?

After the filming and camera work is completed, technical reporting begins to be drawn up. The act consists of several statements, which reflect the measurements and calculations carried out, is included in the list and catalog containing the coordinates, as well as a plan of the territory.

Example of HS results

The plans in a conditional variety of signs reflect all the available characteristics, as well as the features of situations. Including reflection is subject to the state of the road, terrain, location of various objects and points. The creation of the plan is carried out both in electronic and in graphic format, while taking into account the surfaces that were set, relative to the accuracy of the technical specifications received from the customer.

As a rule, the report must be accompanied by additional types documentation, including field journals, outlines, drawings, and tie-in diagrams.

For some design work, it will be required to without fail coordinate the data obtained as a result of the survey and the plan with the authorities.

Also, coordination is carried out with organizations responsible for the operation of facilities, owners of adjacent allotments in relation to the boundaries. Further, the plan is considered as the basis for the production of such actions:

registration of cadastral value;
carrying out construction work or reconstruction;
works aimed at landscaping and landscape design;
recommendations are being developed regarding the development of the area and the design of the territory.

topographic survey

Under the concept under consideration lies one of the varieties of surveys of a geodetic orientation, aimed at obtaining a topographic plan of the area. The specialist carries out work aimed at measuring the angles, distances and height of a certain area using special measuring instruments.

Also for the production of shooting can be used aircrafts. There are several stages of this type of survey: measurements of the area, office work, reporting.

Topographical sample

It must be borne in mind that reporting papers must be sent to bodies specializing in architectural and urban planning control, where they must be approved. The topographic survey can then be used to develop the rest of the documentation.

This survey includes a plan of the situational orientation of the area, which reflects the relief, ground and underground structures that are used for communication purposes. Their characteristics are indicated.

Filming for gasification

It should also be said that before the gas network is carried out, a topographic survey is required. In this case, it is required for the optimal conduct of lines, their safety.

This stage is quite responsible, since in its course the approximate location of gas networks is determined, their inherent features are prescribed, the state of the environment on the ground is reflected, the fork in the road, whether there is vegetation on the site, the places where groundwater flows are also subject to reflection.

Topographic survey for gasification

At the initial stage, you will need to determine what result you want to get and its accuracy. This provision contributes to the correct execution of a plan of situational significance regarding the allotment. It becomes impossible to carry out the actions in question in the absence of the necessary equipment.

Especially this provision concerns the development of a plan for laying underground utilities. This provision is mandatory for gasification.

Through independent efforts, it is unlikely that it will be possible to tie the allotment to coordinates of geographical significance. This is due to the fact that the process is carried out with the help of a satellite. You can order the conduct of the types of work in question in organizations that are engaged in geodetic survey activities. You can also contact the company that is engaged in the design of the facility under construction.

The price for such work depends on the area of the territory, the available coordinate systems, where the plan is reflected, the presence of hydrography is taken into account and the detail of the sections is carried out. The number of objects located on the territory is reflected. Company websites provide the ability to independently calculate the cost using a calculator.

An important stage in the construction of any object is the survey of a geodetic orientation. Any design work is fully based on geodesy reports. Especially such work is required to be carried out when laying communications, marking the territory.

It has been on the market of geodetic services since 2000. Our specialists will perform qualitatively and quickly engineering and geodetic surveys for the preparation of a topographic plan of a land plot of any scale. If you have any questions about the preparation of the terms of reference, or the price of our services, call us and we will help you navigate.

Topographic survey, which is sometimes called the geo-baseline, is necessary not only for the design of buildings and structures during the construction, but also for business case investment in construction, for laying communications, for creating master plan development of the territory, for works on vertical planning.
Engineering and geodetic surveys in construction are a necessary part of pre-project work, and topographic survey for a construction site is equivalent to a birth certificate for a person. As a result of the topographic survey, it turns out.

What is a topographic survey of a land plot?

There are many definitions of this process. But in these definitions the essence of what has been said is often lost, because they appeal to technical terms in the same technical language. Simply put, topographic survey is a combination of field measurements of the area and their office processing. As a result of these works, a DTM is also formed ( digital model terrain). Depending on the type and scale, the intended use of topographic surveys is truly diverse.

Why do you need a topographic survey?

The main purpose of topographic survey is to provide initial data on a site for subsequent design for the purposes of construction or improvement. The initial data refers to the preparation of an engineering and topographic plan indicating all communications and significant ground facilities. Sometimes used for cadastral purposes when registering plots and buildings and receiving. A whole article has been written about all this.

Types of topographic survey

Topographic survey of the area during engineering and geodetic surveys is divided into a large number of types. They work with various devices and techniques. Their differences are determined by accuracy, scope of use and relevance of use. Below we simply list the varieties. You can learn more about them.

—theodolite survey

—total station survey

—scale shooting

—leveling

—ground phototopographic survey

—stereotopographic or aerial photography

—combined aerial photography

—satellite imagery

—laser scanning

Topographic survey scales

One of the most important characteristics of a topographic survey is its scale. The larger the scale, the more detailed the relief and the situation on the object will be displayed. The most popular scales are 1:5000-1:100. Each has its own tolerances and accuracy in determining the location of objects. The aims of the work are also different. If a scale of 1:100 is used for surveying precision (high-precision) structures, then a scale of 1:5000 is more likely to become an overview map of the area. More details about the scale can be found.

The procedure for carrying out topographic and geodetic works

Topographic and geodetic works (engineering and geodetic surveys) are divided into three main stages of implementation:

Preparatory stage:

1. Preparation by the Customer of the Terms of Reference for geodetic surveys. It is enough to fill in the data on the object on the application form, and our specialists will already prepare and agree with you the Terms of Reference and contractual documentation for the work. For individuals, the terms of reference are not necessary.
2. Obtaining a permit (registration) for the production of topographic and geodetic works in the local Department of Architecture and Urban Planning. In Moscow, permission is obtained from the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest. For individuals, permission is not available.
3. Collection and analysis of materials and data for a given territory, obtaining data on underground utilities passing through the facility, acquisition of coordinates and heights of geodetic points.
4. Preparation of a program of topographic and geodetic works, taking into account the requirements of the Customer's technical assignment. For individuals, the program of work is not drawn up.

Field stage:

1. Reconnaissance and survey of the work area
2. Implementation of a complex of topographic and geodetic works (creation of a reference geodetic network, topographic survey, field control of measurements)

Camera stage:

1. Processing of field materials, evaluation of the accuracy of field measurements
2. Creation of a digital terrain model
3. Drawing up a topographic plan, drawing underground utilities

4. Coordination of the completeness and correctness of drawing underground utilities with operating organizations and updating the topographic plan. Individuals usually agree on their own.
5. Delivery of 1 copy of the report and topographic plan to the archive of the local Department of Architecture or State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest".
6. Transfer to the Customer of a technical report on the conducted geodetic surveys at the facility, original topographic plans with seals of operating organizations and a digital terrain model in DWG format. Individuals receive only topoplan.

The result of a topographic survey

What does the customer end up with? Here it is still necessary to separate the topographic survey for a legal entity and an individual.

For legal entity as a result of the performed geodetic engineering and survey work, a detailed documentary technical report is formed containing schemes of planned and high-altitude geodetic networks, field measurements, adjustments and accuracy estimates, catalogs of coordinates and heights in the required coordinate systems, sketches for each point with a description of its type and location on the ground. A copy of the report with the required number of copies of the engineering and topographic plan (with applied underground utilities, if necessary) and a digital terrain model in in electronic format(DWG format). Field control and acceptance of materials of geodetic works by the Customer's specialists is mandatory. One copy of the technical report is agreed upon and submitted to the local authority for architecture and urban planning.

For individual everything is much easier. Under individual we understand the owner of a private land plot, which is the subject of the survey. Preparing and coordinating a report in architecture takes a lot of time and money, which often makes no sense. In fact, the Customer does not need a report - he needs the main "product" - on paper and digital media. It is what landscape designers, gas, water supply and other services require. In addition to the topoplan itself, a copy is often needed from contractor. That is, as a result of topographic survey, you will be issued a topographic plan and a certificate.