Download business plan wholesale coal. Charcoal production as a promising business

Charcoal is a completely ecological fuel. When it is burned, a lot of heat is released, while coal is low. It is necessary in many areas of activity. Start creating charcoal everyone can, but before that you need to develop a business plan.

Coal is used in everyday life and industrial production. It is used in the following areas:

• construction
• metallurgy
• food industry

Each sphere uses its own type of charcoal. Before, they are determined with the purpose of future products. There are the following types of charcoal:

• red
• white
• black

The differences lie in the characteristics and method of creation, as well as the raw materials used. Making charcoal requires equipment and wood. The final coal products are divided into the highest, first and second grade. The type of material received depends on its cost and demand.

A person who is engaged in the creation of coal products can be sure that his product will be sold in as soon as possible. Great demand allows you to sell charcoal even at an average price in a short period of time.

Manufacturing technology

The most preferred and affordable method of creating charcoal is pyrolysis. To create an industrial workshop that will be based on the use of this method, you will need to purchase a professional pyrolysis oven.

At the initial stage, one furnace is enough to create coal products. The essence of pyrolysis is as follows:

1. The raw material is placed in the oven. Various types of wood can be used.
2. The material is heating up. When heated, there is a limited amount of oxygen or it is absent altogether.
3. After the combustion of raw materials, resins, methanol, acetone and charcoal remain.

Modern pyrolysis boilers have sensors and other features that simplify the process of manufacturing coal products. Before starting a business, you need to carefully study the creation technology in order to know how to act.

Additional installations are purchased to automate the process. With their help, efficiency increases and the process of creating coal products is simplified. purchased if there is extra money in the budget. At the initial stage, you can do without it. They buy more installations as business develops.

The cost of organizing an industrial enterprise

First of all, a person needs to know about minimum expenses in order to launch own business for making charcoal. To do this, you need to take into account several aspects, among which the costs of:

• equipment
• working staff
• raw material
• rent of industrial premises

It will be necessary to purchase raw materials, pay salaries to staff and rent for the premises on a monthly basis. Among the one-time expenses are the purchase of equipment and payment for the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. With a limited budget, technical devices are rented.

If a person wants to know the estimated cost of starting a charcoal business, then he can focus on the following values:

• pyrolysis furnace from 25 to 750 thousand rubles
• scales for raw materials and a chainsaw with a total cost of 10 thousand rubles
• raw materials from 15 to 50 thousand rubles per month
• wage staff 5-6 people 90-135 thousand rubles per month
• rent of industrial premises 20 thousand rubles per month

Starting a Charcoal Business - good decision. It's not that hard to make this product. Payback is carried out within 10-14 months. Start-up capital is only 500-700 thousand rubles. Most people can try to start this type of entrepreneurial activity.

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The range of application of charcoal is wide. It is obtained in the process of processing waste wood in charcoal kilns, along the way, tar is formed, which is used for the production of turpentine, acetic acid, rosin, solvents, etc.

Charcoal is obtained from substandard wood and waste from wood processing as a result of thermal exposure (+ 380–500 C), that is, pyrolysis.

Properly made charcoal has the appearance of hard black pieces with a clearly visible structure and shiny edges. When tapping on a piece of charcoal, a special sonorous sound is heard.

In the production of charcoal, retort charcoal kilns are used, which do not require additional electrical sources. The feedstock in the retorts is subjected to heating, as a result of which gases are released that heat the installation.

In the process of making coal, birch tar is formed along the way, which is used to produce turpentine, acetic acid, rosin, solvents, etc.

Composed almost entirely of carbon, charcoal is environmentally friendly and highly efficient as a fuel material.

It is widely used in metallurgy and chemical industry, as well as in animal husbandry (feed additive) and in construction (insulating material).

There are three types of charcoal:

• Black coal - from poplar, linden, aspen, willow and alder wood (softwoods);
• White coal - from birch, oak, hornbeam, etc. (hard rocks);
• Red coal - from coniferous trees.

Charcoal manufacturing technology

As already mentioned, charcoal is obtained by burning wood without the participation of oxygen using special charcoal kilns.

These furnaces are stationary and mobile and consist of a chamber for burning and drying. Feedstock (stumps, branches, waste furniture production, sawdust, peat) are placed in the bunker. After the raw material burns out and dries (this is signaled by the sensor), the coal is removed and allowed to cool.

Then the charcoal is crushed and packaged in bags or pressed into briquettes. To obtain one ton of finished charcoal, 7-8 cubic meters of hardwood (birch, for example) or 11-12 cubic meters of softwood are needed.

Given the specifics this process, production should be located on open area land outside the city. total area plot, including warehouses, about two hundred meters.

The equipment is quite simple, so only two or three people are needed to maintain it, quite possibly without special qualifications. You can not do in the establishment of production without specialists - an accountant and a manager.

Financial investments

Mandatory equipment for charcoal production:

• Retort (charcoal burning) furnace - from 17,000 to 100,000 thousand rubles;
• Electronic scales - 5,000 rubles;
• Electric generator - 20,000 rubles;
• Chainsaw - 5,000 rubles;
• A device for chopping firewood (cleaver) - 55 rubles / pc.

We will consider chipped yards (1,200-1,700 rubles per cubic meter) as the starting material. You will also need packages for packaging coal - from 7 to 11 rubles / piece.

• Salary expenses for 5 employees will range from 75,000 to 100,000 rubles per month.
• Registration of documents necessary for registration of an enterprise will cost approximately 10,000 rubles.
• The rent for the premises is 20,000 rubles.
• Consider also the cost of transportation, perhaps advertising and the like.
• In general, the estimated amount for starting an enterprise is 500,000 rubles.
• An enterprise of small capacity can bring a monthly income of an average of 70,000 rubles.
• The average price of charcoal is 17-20 rubles per kilogram.

With an established marketing mechanism, the costs will pay off pretty quickly. And the market for consumption of charcoal is quite wide and constant.

At home and at catering establishments, coal is used to kindle fires, barbecues, stoves, fireplaces, barbecues, etc. The population is happy to purchase charcoal briquettes when a picnic is planned, so as not to worry about firewood, and a pleasant pastime does not depend on the weather - Charcoal will easily flare up with high humidity.

At industrial enterprises, this fuel is indispensable in the manufacture of paints, glass, plastics, crystal, non-ferrous metals. It is also used in water filters, in the production of lubricants, anti-corrosion and insulating materials.

In pharmacology, this is well-known activated carbon. In a word, if you take the search for consumers responsibly, the success of the business for the production and sale of charcoal is guaranteed.

Today, charcoal is quite in demand - it is bought by restaurants and cafes for cooking, chemical and metallurgical plants for production processes, people for cooking barbecue and grill. Charcoal production as a business - a great solution if you live in wooded areas. The procedure does not require serious investments and quickly pays off with the right approach. In this article, we will analyze how to start your own charcoal business and give an example of the calculation.

Introduction

Charcoal is a high-carbon material, which is obtained by pyrolysis of various types of wood with limited air intake. For its production, a special oven is required, which can be placed both in your own garage and under open sky or in a specially equipped workshop.

Charcoal is a profitable business

As of 2017 in Russia, there is an average saturation of the market with these products, so any businessman can easily start production and find sales outlets finished products. The main thing is to correctly calculate and think over, analyze everything consumer market, think about where it is more profitable to sell products in bulk. Compose detailed business plan and stick to it when implementing your idea.

Types of coal

Many people think that all coal sold in supermarkets and gas stations is the same, but in reality there are many varieties. It can be divided into:

1. Red. It is made from conifers using a special technology by soft charcoal.
2. White. To create it, hardwood is used, such as oak, birch, elm, hornbeam, etc.
3. Black. To create it, soft wood is used: linden, aspen, poplar, alder, willow, etc.

Many entrepreneurs make only classic black coal, but if you want to capture the market, then the range should be expanded. You should be guided by what raw materials you can get: if oak forests grow in your area, then you will have to use this particular material, etc. You should also know that there are three varieties according to GOST 7657-84 A, B and C. The higher the grade , the better the quality of coal and the more willing it will be purchased, so try to make only a quality product.

Note: a large number of entrepreneurs use various waste products from woodworking and furniture companies, as well as rotten logs and bars as raw materials. It is not recommended to do this, since the quality of coal from such raw materials will be extremely low.

Of course, you can earn more in this way. But customers will not like your products and in the end it will hit the image of a young business.

You should also consider in what packaging to sell the product. It is usually packaged in paper bags and plastic bags with a capacity of 2 to 50 kg. The most popular among the population are bags weighing 5-10 kg, while restaurants and enterprises buy it in bags of 50 kg to reduce the cost of raw materials.

Raw Material Improvement Dryer

How is charcoal made

Next, we will analyze the technology for the production of charcoal. There is nothing complicated in it - the process is based on the principle of pyrolysis. The finished raw material is fired at a given temperature without air access and turns into coal. The production algorithm is as follows:

1. Raw materials are manually loaded into the furnace.
2. The furnace turns on, burning occurs.
3. Coal is unloaded, cooled, packaged and sent to the warehouse.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the procedure, but safety precautions should be strictly followed during production. Be sure to observe fire safety, set up an alarm and have several fire extinguishers on hand so that in the event of a fire it can be quickly eliminated.

The best raw material for making coal is wood in chocks, cut into pieces of 40-60 cm. If you plan to buy logs, you will have to hire a special person who will grind them to a predetermined size. The cheapest way to buy raw materials is from a supplier or at woodworking plants - they are available in almost all regions of Russia. Negotiate with them about wholesale deliveries - the cheaper you can buy raw materials, the greater the profit.

Equipment

Let's consider whatmust be purchased. Today, the market offers entrepreneurs a wide range of specialized equipment, ranging from inexpensive manual-loading furnaces to automated lines capable of producing tens of cubic meters of finished product per shift. The main equipment for manufacturing is a pyrolysis oven. We do not recommend starting a business with professional stoves - first, get a small one, master the process, find customers, and then calculate how much coal you can sell, and select a new device based on this. When choosing, consider the following factors:

1. Available area. Entry-to-mid range ovens are about 40 m2, so think about whether you can place it on your site or in the workshop.
2. How many raw materials can you load at one time. Keep in mind that to get 1 ton of coal you need 7-9 tons. The better the quality of the loaded wood, the better the product will be.
3. duration of pyrolysis. On average, one cycle lasts about 50 hours, but it all depends on the type of wood, the selected equipment and the volume of the furnace.
4. The power of the pyrolysis oven. Power is how much coal can be created in one cycle. On the market there are models with a capacity of 100 to 2000 kilograms of finished products.

Pyrolysis oven for manufacturing

What you need to get started

Next, consider charcoal production technology and equipment needed to start. The main thing in this business is the oven. The price depends on its power - in 2017, a small 100-kilogram furnace can be bought for 50,000, a full-fledged 2 tons - for 1,000,000 rubles. Thanks to this division, you can choose the option that suits you both in terms of price and performance. Many entrepreneurs start their journey with a 300-500 kg oven, after which, if necessary, they buy a second one or change it to a more powerful one. Note that not only pyrolysis, but also retort furnaces are on the market, but they are worse in quality, so they should not be considered as an alternative. To get started you will also need:

1. Scales electronic 5-7 000 rubles.
2. Packaging device - 100-150,000 rubles.
3. Chainsaw - 10,000 rubles.

This is the minimum set of equipment to get started - it is quite enough for beginners and for small workshops. In the future, you may need separators for grinding, dryers for improving the quality of raw materials, batchers for process automation, special supply lines, etc., but usually these equipment are used in large enterprises so you don't need to worry about it just yet. You can save even more by purchasing not a ready-made furnace, but by ordering a pyrolysis barrel from local craftsmen, but this is an option for those who have a seriously limited budget - it’s better to buy a high-quality and specialized furnace right away.

How profitable is it

Universal business plan for the production of charcoal no - it all depends on where exactly you will buy raw materials, what price it will be, how you will arrange sales, etc., but the average figures for the industry are known. We recommend that you do not contact retail sales, in extreme cases, you can simply sell bags in the workshop without organizing your own outlets.

Quality charcoal

Look for those who will buy products in bulk:

1. Supermarkets or local retail chains.
2. Filling stations.
3. Restaurants and cafes.
4. Wholesale stores and bases.
5. Various industrial enterprises who need coal for technical processes.

Practice shows that in almost any region of Russia there are places where coal from the manufacturer will be popular and can be sold in bulk. Therefore, before starting, think about where you can rent it, try to communicate with potential buyers to determine their expectations and the required volumes. It often happens that an entrepreneur works with one wholesaler, handing over to him all the products produced.

1. Registration in tax authorities- 15,000 rubles.
2. Purchase of a set of equipment - 1,000,000 rubles.
3. Room rental, repair work- 400,000 rubles per year.
4. Purchase of wood for processing - 300,000 rubles.

In total, to open a business, you will need approximately 1,700,000 rubles. Note that in this case we are talking about professional equipment and a medium-sized workshop producing about 20 tons of coal per month. If there is no such budget, then you can get by with a cheaper set of equipment and a garage - this will require investments of about 300,000 rubles with a capacity of 2 tons per month. It is also desirable to have a car for the transportation of finished products - even an inexpensive GAZelle capable of taking on board about a ton of cargo is suitable.

Next, let's calculate the profit. Vacation Wholesale price birch charcoal in 2017 is 100 rubles per kilogram, while its cost is about 60, taking into account all expenses. On 1 kilogram you earn 40 rubles, on 2 tons products sold(home workshop) - 80 thousand rubles, for a full-fledged enterprise producing 20 tons per month - 800,000 rubles. Thus, the investments made pay off in 2-4 months, although in practice a full payback is obtained in 4-6 months (additional costs inevitably arise).

In contact with

Charcoal production is not only financially profitable, but also a business idea that is beneficial to nature. Its manufacturing technologies are constantly being improved. Thanks to the development of science and technology, it was possible to establish the production of an environmentally friendly product that does not harm the surrounding reality even when burning.

Charcoal gained popularity in antiquity, but became widely used only in the 20th century. Its popularity is due to the presence of a lot of advantages:

• environmental friendliness (charcoal is made from natural ingredients, absolutely harmless not only for humans, but also for nature);
• efficiency of use (actively releases energy during combustion);
• wide scope;
• versatility.

Charcoal is used not only in industrial production (for example, it acts as a reducing agent, purifies water and sugar, allows air to be regenerated), but also in medicine, agriculture. Ordinary citizens are also showing high interest in this raw material today. It is used for kindling fireplaces, cooking barbecue in nature.

Due to the use of charcoal, the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere has been significantly reduced, and yet the issue of the planet's ecology is most acute today.

The highest demand for coal is confirmed by the constant improvement of its production technologies. The installations used are modernized, thereby improving the quality of the product itself.

Varieties of charcoal

There are several varieties of charcoal. The amount of finished raw materials will depend on which tree is used for its production. The size of the output is also affected by the correct application of the technology. For example, due to the entry of oxygen into the furnace for the production of charcoal, the original product may burn out completely.

There are the following types of charcoal:

1. black (for its manufacture, softwood trees are used, for example, linden or willow);
2. white (on the contrary, it is made from hardwood, including oak and hornbeam);
3. red (such coal can only be obtained from coniferous trees).

Production technology

The technology for the production of charcoal is quite simple, but in the manufacture end products it is important to consider all the nuances. Special skills and knowledge will prevent the percentage of yield from decreasing to a minimum. With the right approach, the quality of the finished raw material also increases.

There are several technologies for making charcoal. But they all consist of the following steps:

1. Drying. If you use wet raw materials, then it will burn much more slowly.
2. Pyrolysis. At this stage, the decomposition of raw materials under the influence of high temperatures. It is important that no oxygen enters the oven during this time.
3. Calcination. This step allows you to get high-quality coal without all kinds of impurities in the form of gases and tars.
4. cooling down.

Not so long ago, the production of charcoal was accompanied by harmful emissions into the atmosphere. But thanks to the creation of new technologies, it was possible to avoid them. The process of coal production is no longer accompanied by the release of harmful gases - they are used to maintain the temperature in special furnaces.

Necessary equipment

You will need to purchase equipment for the production of charcoal. The total cost of tools is about 350,000 rubles.

The production process begins with the loading of wood into a specialized chamber. It is equipped with special indicators that signal combustion and drying in time. This means that enterprises necessarily use charcoal kilns. Their number will depend on the industrial scale. It is customary to separate stationary and mobile varieties. The second option allows you to process raw materials not in workshops, but at the place where the wood is collected.

The furnaces used also differ in the number of chambers. If there is only one, then the newly produced coal is unloaded for subsequent cooling. With a larger number of chambers, cooling takes place directly in the charcoal kiln.

Furnaces with one chamber make it possible to obtain finished products from raw materials in a ratio of 1 to 7. The use of three-chamber furnaces can significantly improve this indicator.

At the end, the coal is crushed. This requires special crushers. The size of the finished product will depend on what it will be subsequently used for. Small pieces are applicable in everyday life - when kindling your own fireplace or cooking meat in the grill. But industrial coal has a larger size.

When do you receive the product right size, it is packaged in bags. Due to the lightness of charcoal, paper bags are commonly used. For packaging, it is better to purchase a special packaging machine. Its cost can vary from 10,000 to 50,000 rubles.

Own business in the production of charcoal in one month can bring up to 30 batches of finished products. Their total size will depend on the volume of the furnace.

The cost of raw materials used in production is low, but the quality of the coal itself will depend on its quality. The most budgetary option is to purchase sawdust and industrial waste from furniture and paper factories. If an entrepreneur wants to get really high-quality products, then he should buy:

• branches;
• branches;
• chopped firewood (but this option is the most expensive).

It is better to look for suppliers of raw materials among companies involved in wood processing. You can mine it yourself, but this method will be cost-effective if you open a large-scale production.

Sales channels

The production of charcoal as a business is most promising in the case of selling finished products abroad. In Russia, the level of consumption is not as high as in European countries. There, products are actively in demand not only in the industrial, but also in the domestic sense.

If the production of coal is small, then it will be easy to find consumers for domestic market. It is better to focus on wholesale. Energy companies are constantly in need of raw materials. Coal can also be offered to private individuals who have large country houses with fireplaces, barbecue grills and barbecues. Additionally, you should pay attention to the following categories of potential customers:

• blacksmiths;
• smelters;
• pharmaceutical companies;
• large stores (ordinary grocery stores and those that specialize in the sale of goods for a full-fledged country and country holiday);
• establishments Catering(barbecue, cafes, restaurants);

In the production of coal, one should not forget that to some extent this product is considered seasonal. Especially if the main buyers are shops, catering outlets and ordinary people. Working with such a contingent, you can count on maximum profit from May to October. But the rest of the time it is worth trying to establish contacts with other potential buyers.

To attract as many consumers as possible, you need to take care not only about the quality of the products offered, but also about the recognition of your own brand. It is important to develop a logo, come up with an interesting name. It is also necessary to think over the design of the bags in which coal will be sold. So the consumer will know which product to buy next time.

If an entrepreneur wants to work with individuals directly, and not through chain stores, then he can arrange for the sale of products through social media. To do this, it is enough to create your own page, set prices, certificates and other mandatory documentation. This way you can maximize your profit.

Calculation of financial results

The level of profitability of coal production must be determined individually, since much will depend on the effectiveness of the chosen strategy. By itself, such a business is very promising and profitable.

An important advantage of this area is the relatively low investment required to start your own business. If an entrepreneur plans to produce about 30 tons of finished products per month, then he will need 500,000 rubles. These expenses will include:

• equipment (ovens, generators, packaging machine);
• inventory (shovels, chainsaws);
• raw materials;
• bags.

The number of monthly costs will include: the purchase of raw materials, rent of premises, wages, advertising costs, transportation costs. In general, 450,000 - 500,000 rubles will be required.

For 1 kilogram of charcoal, you can get about 20 rubles. When selling 30 tons, you can expect to receive an income of 600,000 rubles per month.

The profit level of the charcoal production business starts at 100,000 rubles. Such profitability will allow you to return the money invested in the business in 5-6 months after the launch.

Summing up

Charcoal production is a promising business format. Despite the abundance of manufacturers of this product, Russian market not completely satisfied. Those entrepreneurs who have experience in the woodworking or forestry sector should take a closer look at the idea outlined. This will not only allow faster adaptation to production conditions, but will also help reduce start-up and operating costs, while increasing profitability.

The efficiency of work will directly depend on compliance with production technologies. A negligent attitude can completely deprive an entrepreneur of profit.