How to connect to the Internet. All ways to connect to the Internet

Topic 2.4. Browsers - Web browsers

Topic 2.5. Email. Mail applications

Topic 2.6. FrontPage 2003 program

Topic 2.7. Creating a Web Page

Topic 2.8. Website creation

Topic 2.9. Business on the Internet

Topic 2.10. Internet resources

Global Network Technologies

2.3. Global networks Internet

2.3.2. Ways to access or connect to the Internet

Currently, there are many ways to connect to the Internet from connecting a computer via an analog modem to connecting using high-speed technologies.

The method of connecting a computer to the Internet depends on the level of services used by the user, which he wants to receive from the provider (service provider), on the speed and quality of data transfer. The services provided by the Internet include: E-mail, WWW, FTP, Usenet, IP-telephony, streaming video, etc.

Ways to connect to the Internet can be classified into the following types:

• dial-up access;
• access via leased lines;
• broadband network access (DSL - Digital Subscriber Line);
• Internet access via local network;
• satellite Internet access;
• Internet access using cable TV channels;
• wireless technologies.

Dial-up access typically uses an analog modem and an analog telephone line, but dial-up access over the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Telephone Network) is also used. To connect a PC to digital network with ISDN service integration, an ISDN adapter is used. In addition, dial-up access to the Internet can be carried out using wireless technologies: mobile GPRS - Internet and mobile CDMA - Internet.

Access via dedicated communication channels implies a permanent communication channel from the premises with a computer to the switch owned by the ISP (provider). This access method ensures that the computer is connected all 24 hours a day. There are several connection options: via leased lines with speeds of 2400 bps - 1.544 Mbps. and via permanent virtual frame switching channels with speeds of 56 Kbps - 45 Mbps. For large organizations, this method of connecting a local network to the Internet is the most efficient.

A promising method of connecting to the Internet, both for individuals, and for companies is a DSL broadband network. Digital Subscriber Line - a family of digital subscriber lines designed to organize access over an analog telephone network using a DSL / cable modem. This method provides data transfer up to 50 Mbps.

Access to the Internet over a local area network with Fast Ethernet architecture provides the user with access to the resources of the global Internet network and the resources of the local network. The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with a data transfer rate of up to 1 Gbit/s on trunk sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user.

Satellite Internet access (DirecPC, Europe Online) is popular for users in remote areas. The maximum data reception rate is up to 52.5 Mbps (real average speed is up to 3 Mbps).

Cable TV users can use cable TV network channels to connect to the Internet, while the data reception rate is from 2 to 56 Mb / s. A cable modem is used to connect to a cable television network.

Recently, wireless methods of connecting to the Internet have become more and more popular.

Last mile wireless technologies include:

• WiFi;
• WiMax;
• Radio Ethernet;
• MMDS;
• LMDS;
• mobile GPRS - Internet;
• mobile CDMA - Internet.

For more information on how to connect to the Internet, see the page

Annotation: The Internet has penetrated extremely widely into modern technology - so - its resources can be used not only from a stationary PC or laptop, but also from a cell phone, and from a PDA. In this lecture, we will discuss how to connect to the Internet and the choice of equipment.

7.1. Choosing how to connect to the Internet

There are many ways to connect to the Internet, we will talk here about the most popular and common, consider their advantages and disadvantages from the consumer's point of view. I must say that the advantages or disadvantages of a particular technology are to a certain extent arbitrary - it all depends on what goals you are pursuing, why you need the Internet and how you are going to work with it.

If you are new to the Internet, it makes sense to start with the most affordable and common method of accessing the Web - a dial-up connection. With a small amount of money and a little time, you will understand what you need from the Web, and then you can decide which access method best suits your needs.

So, perhaps the most common and affordable way to access the Internet is a modem connection over a telephone line.

7.1.1. Modem connection

A modem connection (also called a Dial-UP connection) is the oldest, most affordable and most common way to access the Internet. To connect to the Web, you only need a regular telephone line, a modem, and a definition of a relationship with a provider - an organization that provides access to the Web. It should be noted here that conventional analog modems are now built into so many motherboards of desktop PCs and laptops, which makes dial-up Internet connection even more accessible.

An Internet access session using a modem looks like this. The modem dials the provider's phone number, where another modem answers it, after which the username and password associated with any tariff plan are checked and, if the authorization was successful, the user is connected to the Internet.

During the session of accessing the Internet, no one will be able to get through to you - this is one of the disadvantages of dial-up access.

As for the relationship with the provider, there are several options. To begin with, this is the purchase of an Internet card.

7.1.2. Access by Internet cards

When you purchase a card, you receive a username and password that you must use to access the Internet. Cards come in different denominations, symbolize different tariff plans. Moreover, usually large providers provide users with a choice of several types of tariff plans (and sometimes several dozen), among which everyone can choose a convenient one.

For example, there are cards for round-the-clock access to the Internet of various denominations. Let's say it could be 10, 20, 50 hours. The main difference between these cards is the cost of one hour of work. So, a card for 10 hours can cost 150 rubles, for 20 - 250, and for 50 - 500. It is easy to calculate which card can be used to get the cheapest access to the Internet. That is, if you use the Internet a lot and want to save money at the same time, then 50-hour cards are created specifically for you (this is if you do not look at other typical tariff plans, which we will discuss below). But if the Internet is an episodic occupation for you, and you know that 10 hours will be enough for you for several months, it is quite possible that you will take a 10-hour card, not wanting to spend a large amount of money today to provide yourself with access to the Internet for a year forward.

Further, many providers offer card plans that give unlimited access to the Web for, for example, a month. Such Internet access means that you are going to be on the Web literally around the clock (otherwise - why pay for unlimited access?). Perhaps, you should resort to such a tariff plan only when you do not have the opportunity to connect to the Web using some other technology, and, at the same time, have very large Internet needs.

In addition to cards for unlimited access and cards for access at any time of the day, there are cards that give you access to the Web only during certain time days for certain period(say, from 17.00 to 22.00 for a month, or from 22.00 to 6.00, etc.). If you really use only this time of day to work on the Web, such cards are created especially for you, as they allow you to significantly save on the Internet. On the other hand, for those whose work with the Network is of an irregular nature, these cards are inconvenient.

7.1.3. Conclusion of an agreement

Another variant of the relationship with the provider is the conclusion of a service agreement. It is quite possible that Internet services under a contract will be cheaper than card services. Otherwise, everything is exactly the same.

Both when connecting using Internet cards, and when concluding an agreement, the provider, in addition to the username and password, can provide you with a number of additional parameters. For example, this could be the DNS server address, your IP address, etc.

7.1.4. Urgent Internet Access

Many providers (sometimes telephone companies, which are often providers) offer the following service to users. Allocate a special phone number through which you can connect to the Internet without a name and password. The cost of using the Web will be included in your telephone bill. Such a connection is convenient either for those who use the Internet very little, or as a backup connection in case you urgently need the Internet, and your Internet card has run out. The main disadvantage of such a connection is the cost of access, which is usually 2-3 times higher than the price of the most favorable card tariffs.

7.1.5. About additional services

When buying an Internet card or concluding a service contract at the provider's office, you can count on some Additional services. Let's look at some of them.

1. Providing a place for the site (hosting) and an e-mail box on the provider's site. This service should be used with caution. For example, if you are an Internet card user, then after it expires, you will not be able to work with your mailbox or WEB site until you activate a new one. In addition to the fact that, for obvious reasons, there may be long breaks between buying cards, you can decide to switch to another method of connecting to the Network, or to another provider. And this means that your website and e-mail address will be lost to you, which is very unpleasant, and sometimes simply very undesirable - after all, dozens of business partners and friends can know your e-mail. Today, there are a huge number of free (but very reliable) email services and website hosting, so this service providers is not as relevant as it was a few years ago.

   At the same time, if you are sure that you will use the provider's services for a long time, you can safely start a website and an email address with him.

2. Introduction time payment for telephone conversations makes the call-back service actual, when the provider's modem, after calling it from your modem, disconnects the connection and dials your number itself. Thus, the provider takes charge of the connection time.
3. 24/7 technical support. This service (or its variants) is present, perhaps, with all providers, but not all of them work normally. And this is very important - to get timely help or advice.

7.1.6. Charging schemes

Above, we discussed options for accessing the Network using various schemes for interacting with a provider. All of them implied a fee for the connection time. That is, if you connected to the Internet and "sat" there for an hour, doing nothing, then you will pay for this hour. There are traffic charging schemes - that is, you will pay only for the transmitted and received data, and not for the time. Traffic billing may be of interest to those who use the Internet to communicate in On-Line mode.

7.1.7. Provider selection

If there are several providers in your city, and you want to choose the most suitable one for you, ask your friends and acquaintances working on the Internet via modems what they think about certain providers. As a rule, the quality of Internet access services may vary from provider to provider. For example, some may have difficulties with dialing, since the provider's modem pool is usually overloaded, also pay attention to the actual speed of accessing the Network using one or another provider. The fact is that not everyone manages to achieve the maximum (this is something in the region of 5.5 Kb / s) - sometimes there is not even half of this speed. Also, the speed and quality of the connection is highly dependent on the state of your telephone line.

In any case, if you choose a provider, it is best to try to work with each of the applicants (preferably in test mode, or by purchasing cards of a small denomination) from exactly the place (that is, from that telephone line) from which you are constantly going work online. In the course of work, it will become clear to you how easy it is to get through to one or another provider, you will see for yourself the speed and reliability of connections.

As a rule, modem access is good only when the user does not feel the need to constantly work on the Internet, in particular, he does not need to download (or upload to the Web) large amounts of data, many hours of ICQ conversations and full-fledged Online games. Anyone who wants more, if technically possible, can choose other ways to access the Web. For example, in recent years, ADSL access is gaining more and more popularity.

7.1.8. ADSL

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - asymmetric digital subscriber line) is a technology that allows you to transfer data over conventional telephone networks at a speed of up to 8 Mbps to the subscriber and up to 1.5 Mbps from the subscriber (hence the name of the technology).

Currently, ADSL access is being "promoted" in many cities - and this is very good, because even if the user gets at his disposal a channel with a width of 10 times less than the maximum for 8 Mbps technology, this will seriously improve the quality of work in Internet.

To connect to ADSL, you will need an ADSL modem and a splitter (all this is usually installed by the provider's employees in a "transparent" mode for the user), and after installing the equipment, you will be able to use the phone and surf the Internet at the same time. The usual ADSL billing scheme is a traffic fee, that is, you can surf the Internet all day and pay only for the transmitted and received information. As a rule, the cost of working on the Network via ADSL is within the limits of the "modem" Internet.

Perhaps ADSL is by far the most convenient type of Internet access for home users and small offices.

7.1.9. Satellite Internet

Satellite Internet exists in two versions. The first one is relatively cheap ($200-300) and involves the use satellite dish to receive data that has been requested to be transmitted using a conventional wired modem or some other connection. The scheme of operation of this system looks like this: for example, to download a file, you send a request through a regular modem, after which this file is transmitted to you using a satellite communication channel. The speed of receiving data from a satellite can vary greatly - as a rule, it is several hundred Kbps, which is very good.

There is another type of satellite Internet, which involves the use of special equipment for transmitting signals to and from a satellite. The cost of such a system is estimated at tens of thousands of dollars, which few can afford.

Given the widespread use of ADSL, the real need for satellite Internet may arise only where ADSL is not available for some reason. Among the advantages of this type of Internet connection, one can note the possibility of using a satellite dish not only for working with data, but also for receiving satellite television.

The disadvantage of satellite Internet is the relatively long time between the transmission of a request and the reception of data, which makes it a dubious solution for those who are fond of network games.

Satellite Internet is characterized by a number of specific services. For example, pre-ordered files can be downloaded at very high speeds.

7.1.10. Leased line, home or city LAN

Access via a leased line is relevant for private users when the laying of this very line does not require significant costs. Basically, for those who want to connect to the Internet via a high-speed channel and not spend a lot of money, the best option is a connection to home or city local networks, which, as a rule, organizes general access to high-speed Internet connections.

You can connect to such networks different ways- in fact - these are ordinary local networks.

7.1.11. Mobile Internet: GPRS and others

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is one of the services of extremely widespread GSM networks in Russia.

Sometimes, when talking about generations of cellular communications, GPRS networks are called 2, 5G networks. There are also 3G networks, that is, third-generation networks (for example, these include the W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, DECT, EDGE standards). These networks are deployed in some places in Russia, they are characterized by very high data transfer rates. However, in practice, it is far from always possible to obtain noticeable benefits from the use of new generation equipment.

One of the features of GPRS is the ability to use the principle of payment for services depending on the amount of information transmitted, that is, the payment mode is used for traffic, and not for connection time.

The user gets the opportunity to be online for as long as he likes without paying for the connection time. The maximum data transfer rate provided by the GPRS standard is 171.2 Kbps. The actual speed depends on many parameters - on the workload and capabilities of the operator's network, on the characteristics of a particular device, etc. For Russian operators, it usually lies in the region of 30 Kbps.

Having discussed the various types of Internet access, we will conduct them comparative analysis. In table. 7.1, information is collected on all the described types of access and an approximate "portrait" of the user of a particular technology is drawn.

Table 7.1. Comparison various kinds Internet access

Type of access	Advantages	disadvantages	User
Modem connection	Widely available, does not require a major investment	Low speed and reliability of connections, inaccessibility telephone connection	Someone who does not need to transfer large amounts of data, or the Internet is rarely needed. Novice user.
ADSL	High speed, low traffic cost	Relatively high cost of connection, although in general the technology is practically devoid of disadvantages	If the initial cost of $150 does not scare you and there is no restriction on connecting to ADSL in your area, it will best solution for any use.
satellite access	High speed of downloading information, additional services ( digital television)	Relatively high (about $300) connection cost, the need for an outgoing communication channel (modem connection, etc.), a relatively long server response time	A user who does not have the ability to use ADSL connections, leased lines, home network connections, etc., but wants to increase the speed of downloading data from the Internet.
Home or city LAN with leased line access	Medium speed, low cost	If there are a large number of subscribers, the speed drops, dependence on the provider's equipment, which, in the case of home networks, can be maintained "on a voluntary basis", that is, long downtime is possible	This method is very attractive for those who, in addition to working on the Internet, want to use local information resources. For example, to download (for only a monthly fee, usually a small one) large amounts of information, to play online games.
Dedicated line	High speed and reliability, low traffic cost	High connection and maintenance costs	A solution for professionals who need reliable high-speed Internet access (although ADSL competes with leased lines here)
Mobile Internet	Internet access is available anytime and anywhere	High cost of traffic	As a rule, mobile Internet users do not transmit very large amounts of information, that is, it does not cost them too much. Therefore, the mobile Internet is suitable for everyone who needs to work with Internet resources in "marching" conditions. Also, a GPRS connection can be a good backup channel in case of problems with the main Internet connection channel.

Dial-up connection via modem. To date, the cheapest way to connect to the Internet is access to the provider's computer via analog and analog-digital lines of telephone networks via a modem. The oldest session (dial-up) method of connecting to the Internet has disadvantages: low speed and a busy line. The upper speed limit is 56 Kbps.

Dial-up connection via ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) allows you to transfer data at speeds up to 9 Mbps in the forward direction and 1 Mbps in the reverse direction over conventional telephone lines.

Dial-up connection via ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows connection to the Internet through networks in which the access line to providers can be completely digital. This allows you to transfer a digital signal from one computer to another without conversion. Due to this, information is transmitted at speeds up to 384 Kbps.

Connection via leased lines. You get the opportunity to use the Internet 24 hours a day without paying for the services of the telephone company at a temporary rate. In this case, a fiber optic cable is laid up to the user's premises. The speed and quality of transmission over the channel in this case is guaranteed.

Frame relay connection. With uneven information loading of lines, it is often more profitable to use a connection over frame relay networks ("variable structure"). The principle of operation of such networks is simple: the minimum guaranteed bandwidth of the channel is determined, and if necessary, the bandwidth is expanded to the possible limits. Such "forced" transmission of information is allowed if the line is not loaded by other users. It is obvious that such networks should be used in a small office, where the likelihood of several services accessing the network at the same time is low. From a financial point of view, a frame relay network is quite profitable.

Connection via cable television networks. In the case of the implementation of this technology, we immediately get a TV, telephone and Internet. Transmission speeds enable high-quality Internet telephony, real-time video conferences, broadcasting of TV programs on the World Wide Web. Data transmission is carried out via an HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) cable - a combined opto-coaxial cable. In this case, the data transfer protocol will remain IP (Internet Protocol) or newer protocols.

Connection via radio modem. This method will get rid of the telephone company.

Gets widespread Connectionthrough devices mobile communications.

Internet Services

Internet services or services are usually understood as the types of services that are provided by servers that are part of the network. The following are the oldest services available since the birth of the web:

1. Usenet (teleconferences, newsgroups) - an outdated service that allows you to organize network discussions on certain topics.

2. FTP - file transfer service.) allows you to send and receive files from FTP file servers connected to the Internet.

3. Telnet - service remote access to computers.

4. Electronic mail (e-mail) - a message transfer service.

5. World Wide Web (WWW, Web, "World Wide Web") - a service for searching and viewing hypertext documents, including graphics, sound and video.

Of the above services, the last two remain popular so far. Other services and services have been added to them. Currently, the most popular services can be arranged in the following order: E-mail. WWW (search engines, news sites, forums, blogs, social networks), IRC messaging services (chats), Internet shops, electronic payment systems, Internet telephony. In addition, popular modern services include instant messaging (ICQ, GoogleTalk, Skype), wikis, bulletin boards, Internet television, social networking services, virtual dating service, exact time service, distributed computing, cloud computing, YouTube, etc.

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Connection via ADSL

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is new technology, which allows you to organize high-speed Internet access on a regular phone number. In this case, the telephone line remains free. To provide access services, a wire from the MGTS node is used.
Advantages:
1) Permanent access
Your computer is connected to the Internet at all times. You do not need to call the provider. Turn on the computer, open the browser - and you are on the Internet!
2) Free phone
When using ADSL, the phone remains free. You can surf the Internet and talk on the phone at the same time.
3)High transfer rate
ADSL belongs to the class of broadband technologies. It provides data transfer speed in the direction to the subscriber - up to 7 Mbps. High speed allows you to comfortably work with Web sites, quickly transfer large files and documents, work with multimedia, fully use interactive applications.
4Economy
ADSL is practically the only technology capable of making broadband Internet access a truly mass service. Ease of operation and the absence of problems with dialing, successfully combined with low cost. You can choose an unlimited plan with high speed for a very reasonable fee.

Disadvantages:
1) Stationarity.
For home use only.

Simple modem access (Dial-in, Dual-Up)

This technology was developed at the dawn of the computer age for analog telephone lines. Easy connection method, user only need telephone line and modem. Connection via a telephone line, using a modem that is inserted into the computer or can be external. Data transfer rate up to 56 Kbps . This speed enough if you want to: download an HTML web page, a text document, beautiful picture, a patch for a game or program, or drivers for new devices, the size of which does not exceed a few hundred kilobytes - all this does not require much time and high-speed connections. This connection method is suitable for those who rarely access the Internet. For more demanding subscribers, a modem connection through a telephone line is often unacceptable.

Disadvantages:
1) Seizes the phone line during the session. You cannot use your phone while browsing the Web.
2) Low bit rate up to 56Kbps.
3) High susceptibility to break connections due to interference.
4) The modem pool is often overloaded, so you have to repeat dialing several times.

SkyLink

Mobile Internet at the speed of a leased line.
Mobile Internet sky link is a connection to the Internet using a mobile phone.Your Subscriber Terminal ( telephone or modem) is equipped with a high-speed data transmission module that provides data transfer rates up to 2.4 Mbps.
This speed, comparable to the speed of dedicated access, allows you to enjoy all the benefits of mobile Internet.
To connect modem Sky Link to your computer, you need to install a special software, then plug the modem into the USB or PCMCIA slot, or connect to a laptop using a data cable.To connect phone Sky Link to a computer requires a data cable with a USB or COM connector. Some models of Sky Link radiotelephones support connection with a computer via the Bluetooth radio interface.
Advantages:
1) High data rate
The high-speed data transfer module provides speeds up to 2.4 Mbps.
2) Connection on the same day
3) Mobility.
From a laptop you can access the Internet wherever it is convenient for you.
4) Large coverage area.
Reception zone - Moscow and Moscow Region
5) The most reliable operator.

Golden WiFi

"Golden WiFi" is a wireless Internet access network based on WiFi technology. The connection speed is up to 54 Mbps (for 802/11g and 11 Mbps for 802/11b). In this case, the information transfer rate can reach several megabits per second, which is more than enough to freely download web pages and check mail, as well as use other Internet resources. Necessary equipment:
1) PC (desktop or laptop) or PDA
2) Wireless adapter
Advantages:
1)Mobility
Wireless Internet is available to you everywhere: at home, at work, in a cafe, in a park, you are not tied to a specific place and can access the Internet wherever it is convenient for you.
2) Coverage area.
Golden WiFi is the largest urban wireless network in the world. The coverage area includes most of the center of Moscow and many other areas of the city, while the network continues to grow and develop, new access points are added daily.
3) Variety of forms of payment.
You can pay for Golden WiFi services in the following ways: using payment systems ( e - port , Eleksnet, OSMP, Beeline mobile wallet, webmoney , Yandex.Money), using GoldenTelecom payment cards, at sales offices or using your credit card.
4) Availability of unlimited tariffs

GPRS
GPRS Internetwill allow you to access the Internet from your computer using mobile phone as a modem.

To use the GPRS service with a mobile phone, you need to establish a connection between the phone and the computer. This can be done using an interface cable, infrared or Bluetooth. You will also need to install the appropriate software, which usually comes with the phone. Then you need to configure the GPRS connection itself. The connection speed depends on the type of GPRS-enabled phone, typically up to 54 Kbps.
GPRS-Internet - allows you to enjoy all the benefits of wireless Internet access, namely: work with e-mail, browse web pages, update software cell phones directly via the Internet, access corporate databases, etc. using a cell phone as a modem.

Advantages:
1) Mobility.
You have the opportunity to access the Internet wherever you want - in a cafe, at work, in a traffic jam, etc.
2) Does not require additional equipment.
Internet access is provided through your phone.

Disadvantages:
1) Low data rate
2) The cost of a Mbit depends on your operator, but is usually higher than with other methods
Internet connection.

Almost every owner of a personal computer, almost immediately after buying it, thinks about the issue of connecting to the World Wide Web, which makes it possible to communicate with people from all over the world, download and search for the necessary information, use all kinds of services (e-mail, streaming multimedia) and services (web forums, blogs, online stores), and much more. Of course, the question arises before the user, but how to connect to the global network and what methods of this connection exist? If just a few years ago, the majority of network users in Russian Federation, in fact, there was no other choice but to use a modem connection via a telephone line (Dial-Up connection), now the situation on information market services have changed significantly. This material is designed to help you understand among the multiple options for connecting to the network and choose the best one for you.

NETWORK CONNECTION METHODS

On the this moment The most common methods for connecting to the World Wide Web are:

• Ordinary modem connection or the so-called dial-up access (Dial-Up)
• Modem connection via asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
• Broadband leased line access (Ethernet)
• Access using Mobile WiMAX technology
• Access via WiFi technologies
• Mobile GPRS/3G access
• Satellite network connection

They differ from each other by the principle of operation, the speed of sending data, reliability, the difficulty of setting up equipment, and of course, the cost.

CONNECTION SPEED

Separately, it is worth talking about the fundamental characteristic of each connection to the worldwide network - the data transfer rate, which is determined by their number transmitted to the user per unit of time (per 1 second). Typically, the amount of data transferred is defined either in kilobytes/second (KB/s) or kilobits/second (kbps). For ordinary users, the measurement in bytes is more understandable, since it does not contain cumbersome numbers. Remember that 1 byte = 8 bits, while this ratio remains true for values ​​\u200b\u200bwith prefixes: kilo, mega or giga. Knowing how to translate bytes into bits will come in handy when you start studying the tariffs of Internet providers who are very fond of indicating the Internet connection speed in bits, since in this case the figure is more impressive (8 times). Also keep in mind that for channels with a high connection speed, the measurement is already in megabits or megabytes per second.

To make everything completely clear, let's look at a small real example. If the provider promises you a speed of 5 Mbps, which is equivalent to 0.625 Mbps (divide 5 by 8), this means that at best you will download a 100 Mb file from the network for a little less than three minutes (100 / 0.625 = 160 sec).

The use of the Internet for each user can occur in different ways, for some it is associated with receiving a large amount of Internet traffic, for others it is not. For example, for ordinary web surfing (browsing web pages), the speed of an ordinary modem connection is enough, but this speed will not allow you to comfortably download large files from the network - high-quality music or movies, software distributions and other "heavy" content. To fully utilize the capabilities of the Internet, you will need access with a higher speed.

So, having dealt with the connection methods and the concept of connection speed, let's move on to their description.

dial-up access (DIAL-U.P.)

This is the "oldest" and widely used method of connecting to the global network using a modem and a telephone line. However, in our time, it is being actively replaced by more modern methods of connection and is now used either in rural (remote) areas where there is no possibility of connecting to the network using high-speed lines or by users with a very limited budget.

With this connection method, the user, every time to enter the global network, will have to dial through the modem over the telephone line in order to "get" to the provider's modem pool. Following this, the provider checks the account name (login) and password of the user. In case of successful processing of the entered parameters, the subscriber is assigned a free IP address, with the help of which he gets access to the Internet.

The advantages of such a connection are: ease of setup and installation of equipment (only a modem is needed), low cost of equipment.

There are many more shortcomings in the modem connection. Occupancy of the telephone line at the moment when you are online, low information transfer rate (usually 3-5 kb / s), poor quality of communication and data transfer due to wear and tear of telephone lines and outdated equipment at the PBX. It is clear that at the speed provided by a modem connection, it is impossible to download large files from the Internet - videos, software distributions, etc.

To connect using this method, you will need an internal analog modem if your phone line is good, or an external one if your phone line is poor.

HIGH-SPEED ACCESS WITH ADSL TECHNOLOGY

A much more advanced and modern connection method compared to Dial-up connection. Literally, the abbreviation ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) can be translated as: “asymmetric digital subscriber line”. This technology allows you to provide high-speed access to worldwide network over ordinary analog telephone wires (lines) using a special modem. Unfortunately, this connection method has one significant limitation - ADSL equipment (multiplexer) must be installed on the PBX serving you. And if in large cities this is not a problem, then on the periphery for many users such a connection may not be available.

The main advantage of this method is the ease of installation and connection of equipment, as in the case of dial-up access (only a modem is needed), and the maximum throughput of such a connection reaches 8 Mbps (up to 24 Mbps in the case of ADSL 2+). This is quite enough for effective work with various kinds of data and multimedia content. In addition, the technology does not load a regular telephone channel, and the subscriber does not need to dial up to the provider, since the connection is permanent.

It must be said about the possible disadvantages of this method of connection. Not every user can be satisfied with the connection price and the subscription fee charged by the provider for their services. And if in many European countries ADSL is the de facto standard while providing the population with an inexpensive and sufficient fast internet, then in Russian conditions, a lot will depend on the region and the number of competing providers. In the absence of any competition in this area, you may face grossly inflated rates.

There is another negative point in ADSL technology that all fans of peer-to-peer networks that use torrent clients to download information from the network should pay attention to. When using this type of connection, the speed of receiving (downloading) information from the Internet is much higher than its return, which violates the basic principles of file sharing in such networks.

Required equipment:

• ADSL modem
• ADSL splitter (usually included with the modem)

WIDEBAND ACCESS

It is the optimal connection, as it can provide the highest speed of receiving and transmitting information in the global network (up to 100 Mbps). Broadband access makes it possible to use the Internet, its services and services with full efficiency and efficiency.

In this case, the connection is made by the Internet provider, which leads to the subscriber computer (apartment) a dedicated line (usually a cable twisted pair) and issues a range of IP addresses for the subscriber to access the Network.

The obvious advantages of this connection method are not only the high speed of information exchange, but also a free phone, constant interaction with the network, and excellent communication quality.

The only obstacle for many users may be the price of installation and configuration of such a connection, which directly depends on the distance of your computer to the connection point of the provider. Most likely, it will be higher compared to other connection methods. True, it is worth noting that: firstly, this is a one-time payment, and secondly, many providers, in order to attract customers, carry out a free connection.

To connect one computer, the user only needs a network card. Currently, it is built into almost every computer. In case of deployment home network Multiple wireless computers require an additional wireless router.

ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYMOBILEWIMAX

This technology is used to provide wireless broadband access to the Internet. WiMAX is a long-range system that covers kilometers of space and allows the user to receive both fixed access (similar to the usual xDSL only without wires) and mobile access, allowing you to connect to the network from anywhere within the coverage area. As a rule, fixed access is used to deploy small office and district networks, while mobile access is aimed at the end user.

The first and largest mobile WiMAX network in Russia was deployed by Yota. The maximum data exchange rate in such networks is up to 10 Mbps, which allows you to comfortably download large files, watch videos or participate in online games. The connection to Yota itself is carried out using a special modem (usually made in the form of a USB key fob) in a matter of minutes.

Unfortunately, the main disadvantage of such a connection is its very limited distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation. At the moment, Mobile WiMAX from Yota is available only in eight cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar, Sochi, Ufa, Vyborg, Luga and Serpukhov), and even inside them in many areas the signal level leaves much to be desired.

ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYWI-FI

Unlike WiMAX, Wi-Fi is a system covering much smaller spaces (no more than 150-200 m with one access point) and is usually used by users to access their own local networks, which, by the way, may not be connected to the Internet. This is an excellent solution for simultaneously connecting multiple computers to a network without wires, both at home and in small offices.

The access point itself, which broadcasts the Wi-Fi radio signal, connects to the World Wide Web using a wired connection. Wi-Fi networks are also often used in restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, airports and railway stations, through which visitors to these places can access the Internet for free. Thus, we can say that this technology is an auxiliary tool that allows many users to use the capabilities of a single point of broadband Internet connection at once.

MOBILE INTERNET (GPRS/3G).

Due to the very rapid development of mobile communications in the Russian Federation, probably every adult already has a mobile phone. And if desired, it can also be used to access the global network. In fact, all providers today offer the service of using a cell phone instead of a traditional modem, creating all sorts of special tariffs for this. In addition, almost all operators now offer independent solutions in the form of specialized GPRS / 3G modems or routers c WiFi support capable of providing Internet access via mobile networks.

As a rule, this type of connection is the prerogative of mobile computer users (laptops, netbooks), allowing them to use the Internet anywhere where there is a cellular connection. It is also suitable for poorly accessible areas and places with poorly developed cable networks. For example, using a mobile connection can be very useful in a suburban area.

Compact 3G modem in the formUSB key fob

The main advantages of this connection method are high mobility and the almost universal availability of connection in cellular network coverage areas. Under favorable conditions, using modern 3G routers, the speed of mobile Internet can reach 7 Mbps, and support for Wi-Fi technology will allow you to organize a connection to the global network for several devices at once.

But as always, there is also a fly in the ointment, which may make it inappropriate to use this type of connection as the main one at home. The speed of such a connection is highly dependent on the mobile operator and becomes acceptable only in 3G networks, the coverage density of which, so far, is not very high in the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, in many cases (lack of 3G networks, poor signal strength), the speed of the mobile Internet leaves much to be desired and is slightly superior in its characteristics to dial-up access (Dial-Up). And this, in turn, imposes certain restrictions on its functionality.

We also note that with limit tariffs (imposing restrictions on the amount of information received from the Internet), which allow using the mobile Internet at maximum speeds, the cost of such connection traffic for many users will be quite high. In gaining popularity, unlimited tariffs, as a rule, have a serious limitation on the connection speed, which can be imposed after exceeding the implicitly established limit on the amount of downloaded data from their network.

Required equipment:

• Cable for connecting the phone to the computer when using the phone
• GPRS/3G modem or router

SATELLITE INTERNET.

This method makes it possible to permanently connect to the network computers remote from telephone lines at considerable distances ( country cottage area), and will also be useful in hard-to-reach areas with poor cellular signal reception.

Satellite connection is asynchronous (one-way) and synchronous (two-way). The second connection method, due to the high cost of equipment (here the bill goes to tens of thousands of rubles), we will not consider.

The most commonly referred to as satellite Internet is an asynchronous (combined) access method - this is when information comes to the user through a satellite dish, and the traffic request from the user is transmitted by another connection - for example, via GPRS, ADSL or Dial-Up. It should be noted that the main requirement for the request channel is the reliability of the connection.

The data transfer rate with this connection method can range from 256 to 4000 Kbps and strongly depends not only on the provider, but also on the selected tariff plan.

The main advantage of satellite connection to the Internet is the extremely low price of traffic (from 10 kopecks to 1 ruble per 1 megabyte), the ability to organize connections in remote areas, due to independence from land lines and the availability of satellite television.

The disadvantages include: the need for a channel for outgoing traffic - as a rule, a cell phone with GPRS support and a rather high cost of equipment and its installation.

Required equipment:

• Satellite dish with bracket
• DVB card for satellite signal decoding
• Converter

CONCLUSION

So, having considered all the main ways to connect to the global Internet, let's summarize. Undoubtedly, the fastest and highest quality connection to the global network will be wired broadband access. Data exchange via peer-to-peer networks, IP telephony, IP television, local resources of local networks, deployment of own wireless WiFi networks and of course, the full use of all kinds of services or services of the Internet - all this will be available to you when using this high-speed connection. Unfortunately, this type of connection is available only in large cities where fiber optic communication lines are laid.

A good alternative to broadband access is ADSL technology, which also allows high-speed access to the network (up to 8 Mbps) and quite effectively use all the possibilities of the Internet. True, fans of exchanging files using torrent clients may face serious troubles due to the peculiarities of this technology, and as a result, the low upload speed. It should also be remembered that the presence of a telephone line is not yet a guarantee that you will be able to use this connection method, since another necessary condition is to place special ADSL equipment on your PBX.

The use of mobile technologies to connect to the network at home is most appropriate in areas with low cable coverage, as well as highly inflated tariffs for wired Internet services. But remember that comfortable work in the global network is possible only in cellular networks of the third generation 3G. Otherwise, the speed of information exchange will leave much to be desired. And of course, this connection method is most in demand by owners of cell phones, tablets, netbooks and other mobile devices who want to have access to the Internet anywhere in the cellular network coverage area.

If you plan to connect to the Internet in a place with low level cable coverage, where there are no fixed telephone lines or local exchanges are not equipped with specialized equipment, and there are no 3G mobile networks, then satellite Internet will be the most optimal solution. Low cost of traffic, acceptable data exchange speed and the ability to watch satellite TV are the main advantages of such a connection among wireless solutions. True, you will have to fork out for the purchase and installation of equipment.

The promising MobileWiMAX technology has an undeniable advantage in the form of high speed and ease of networking. In fact, this is the Internet in your pocket. In a matter of minutes, almost any computer can be connected to the World Wide Web using a miniature modem, made in the form of a USB key fob. Only now the coverage area of ​​​​such networks in Russia is now negligible, and the thick walls of your house can become an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of a weak signal. So before giving preference to this method of connection, check out the coverage area in your region and in general its availability.

Connection using dial-up access (Dial-Up) today can be considered completely outdated, and its use can only be presented as a budget option on telephone lines that do not support ADSL technology.

In conclusion, let's say a few words about prices. In the big cities of Russia, due to the growing rivalry of Internet providers, and mass development local networks, access to the World Wide Web is becoming less and less expensive. From the point of view of choosing a tariff plan, unlimited Internet access with a fixed monthly subscription fee can be considered the most profitable. For example, in Moscow for 400 - 500 rubles a month you can connect to the network at a speed of 8 - 10 Mbps, the cost of unlimited mobile Internet will cost you 390 rubles, and connecting to MobileWiMAX at top speed- 1400 rubles. But in provinces or small towns, prices for services providing access to the global network can be greatly inflated due to weak competition among providers or its complete absence. In such cases, pay attention to mobile connection tariffs or satellite Internet, in which pricing does not depend on the region.

That's all. Successful connection to the global network!

This lesson is the second part of the Peripherals topic started by . And today we will look at the devices with which we can access the Internet.

Ways to connect to the Internet

First, let's look at the most common ways to connect to the Internet:

1. Local computer network or ethernet(sometimes called fixed Internet access);

2. Through a telephone line(ADSL and Dial-Up);

3. Mobile access(GPRS, EDGE, 3G);

4. Through cable TV(DOCSIS).

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we looked at the main devices for connecting to the Internet. I did not touch on satellite Internet and other, more exotic options, so as not to overload you with specific information (the lesson was not small anyway).

If there are any unclear points or additional questions, write in the comments, we will try to figure it out.

Reminder of the opportunity to receive news about fresh IT lessons yourself on the email . To do this, follow this link, and then confirm your subscription in the email you received.

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April 25, 2016 21:25

To connect the Internet in the house, you can use various options: cable Internet, wireless or finally satellite. Cable, that is, wired Internet will be available in areas where communications are developed. Usually, a wired connection can be made to each apartment at the moment - as a rule, there are already several providers for each address. But in rural areas, in gardening partnerships and dacha cooperatives, this opportunity is still rare. Usually users opt for 3G connection, although the signal is not always stable. But in this case, a minimum of equipment is required: just a mobile phone (or 3G USB router). By the way, you can choose a suitable smartphone at the best prices in Ukraine at http://technoportal.ua/mobile.html. Satellite Internet the quality is no different from cable, but it will cost a little more - although at the moment two-way satellite communication has become available, but the connection remains expensive due to expensive equipment. About what equipment is needed for satellite Internet communications and how much it will all cost, we already wrote in a previous article. So today let's talk about wired internet: what equipment is needed and how to connect. And let's briefly recall other connection options.

In principle, wifi in an apartment is easy to equip, having cable internet connected to the apartment. Therefore, we will consider the option of connecting to a wired Internet connection with the further arrangement of wireless communications in an apartment or house.

Necessary equipment for cable internet

The provider that provides you with a connection has everything necessary equipment to navigate, set up and test the connection. Here you need a copper twisted pair cable to bring the Internet to your apartment (or a fiber optic cable). Modern technologies are developing rapidly, so GPON (gigabit passive optical network) can be implemented by your operator. The essence of its work lies in the fact that in addition to the cable, a small box appears in your apartment, which allows you to connect to the network at a speed of 1Gbps. This despite the fact that usually this speed does not exceed 100Mbps.

So, the provider extended a cable to you. This is a dedicated Internet line and, as a rule, the operator provides unlimited Internet use. It will be the best option for both home and office. An Ethernet cable from a provider or can go directly to your computer - then no additional devices and other equipment are needed. Or it can be connected first to a router that distributes wifi around the apartment, and only then connect to a PC and mobile devices via cable or wirelessly. For the second option, you will need to purchase a wifi router and, possibly, a LAN cable and crimp it on both sides.

Why is this option cable internet optimal? The speed here is usually high and stable, the provider will offer you unlimited for a relatively low fee. Thus, using a router, you can set up home wifi and connect any mobile devices, TV, etc. at the same time, watch online videos, connect Internet TV service and watch channels in HD quality.

Mobile Internet

We are talking not only about 3G, but also about GPRS, EDGE. This option will be optimal for those who do not have Internet communications nearby, and there are also no other options such as telephone and television cables. For this option, you will need a special 3G USB modem, or a smartphone in which this modem is built-in will be enough (in fact, this function is available in any smartphone). In the modem, as well as in the phone, there is a place to install a SIM card, which also needs to be purchased. To get started, you need to choose a provider (study the proposed tariffs, and also don't forget to look at the signal coverage of your locality provider's website). A mobile provider may have different equipment, so this is what determines the communication technology (GPRS, EDGE, 3G or HSDPA (4G)). So, for this type of Internet, you need a router or smartphone, as well as a SIM card from your operator, a USB cable (but you can also connect via infrared or Bluetooth).

But this type of connection has its drawbacks. The main disadvantage is the instability of the signal. The speed can be high, but drop sharply due to automatic transition to another transmission technology. Typically 20-40 Kbps in GPRS, 100-236 Kbps in EDGE, 144 Kbps - 3.6 Mbps in 3G. But even if you connected to 3G, there is no guarantee that this speed is 100% provided to you, because when the 3G signal disappears, you automatically switch to a lower EDGE speed. The same is the case with 4G, where the speed can exceed 100 Mbps (and if you are also a landline subscriber, then 1 Gbps). It must be remembered that the speeds promised by the provider are just declared data. In fact, the speed of data transfer via mobile Internet is very unstable and depends on many factors.