Russian butter market. You put it in pieces, and you smear

The full functioning of the human body requires at least a minimum consumption of both vegetable and animal oils. Of the latter, butter has been the most popular for a decade now, which is called exclusively the product, the raw material for the manufacture of which was cream with a fat content of at least 64%.

At the same time, each individual variety of butter has its own individual ratio of cow's milk, natural fat and moisture. For example, the fat content in most domestic varieties of butter should not fall below 71.5%, while according to GOST, cow butter should have a fat content of at least 82.5%. If the fat content drops to 78%, 72.5% and 68%, the oil will be called amateur, peasant and sandwich oil, respectively.

In addition to milk and fat, butter contains proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water. Ghee butter has the largest component of the fat phase - 99%, which allows you to increase the shelf life this product However, this also increases its cost.

If the fat content in butter falls below 64%, then such products are no longer butter as such - they are either margarine or spread - products that have been separated into a separate segment of dairy production. By the way, the possibility of using the fat of fish and marine mammals in the manufacture of spreads leads to the fact that they are characterized by an exorbitant cholesterol content.

Butter consumption in Russia

The Russian butter market is represented by a fairly wide range, which is complemented by various types margarines and spreads mentioned above. Butter - valuable food product characterized by a high concentration of milk fat.

This product is a regular guest on the table of the Russian consumer. On the this moment The physiological norm for the consumption of cow's butter in the Russian Federation is more than 5 kg annually, while the rate of margarine is 4 kg. However, 80% of the domestic consumer eats no more than one kilogram of butter per year.

By consumer factor end products The butter market is divided into two main segments:

butter, which is intended for retail(as a rule, such products are of higher quality, since they are produced for an individual buyer);

butter, which is intended for industrial production(bakery and confectionery industry, public catering).

Butter production in Russia

The location of the main factories producing butter in the Russian Federation is in the Central and Volga Federal Districts. At the same time, butter, which is produced in the Volga Federal District, occupies approximately 38% of the total production of these products. Russia is simultaneously both an importer and an exporter of this market segment.

Butter is imported to the Russian Federation by New Zealand, Finland, Uruguay, and butter is exported from the Russian Federation mainly to the CIS countries, which account for 96% of all exports of this product.

Wholesale prices for butter in Europe have almost doubled due to a sharp increase in global demand. Retail customers, according to Euromonitor (a company specializing in strategic market research - ed.), also pay more, as compared to last year, retail prices jumped almost 20% in June.

An industry group representing French bakers (Federation des Entrepreneurs de la Boulangerie) called the situation a "major crisis" and warned of a sharp rise in prices for croissants, pies and rolls. “The price of butter is still fluctuating, but has never reached this level before,” the group said in a statement. “Lack of oil will become a real threat by the end of the year.”

There are several factors behind the rapid rise in prices. Butter consumption is on the rise thanks to rising demand from a number of countries, including China. In addition, customers have re-purchased dairy products after doubts were raised about the relationship between butter consumption and heart disease. Meanwhile, butter production in Europe has declined.

Global butter consumption is recovering after several years of decline as consumers moved away from butter in favor of margarine and other substitutes. Rafael Moro, food analyst at Euromonitor, notes that consumers are increasingly opting for more natural, minimally processed foods. This also applies to butter.

According to the Ministry Agriculture United States (USDA), the average European consumed 8.4 pounds (3.81 kg) of butter in 2015, up from 7.9 pounds (3.58 kg) in 2010. The average American consumed 5.6 pounds (2.54 kg) of butter in 2015, up from 4.9 pounds (2.22 kg) in 2010.

At the same time, demand for dairy products in China is growing. The US Department of Agriculture predicts that China's milk imports will grow by 38% this year, with almost all dairy products exported to China from the EU and New Zealand. The US Department of Agriculture predicts that global oil consumption will grow another 3% this year.

Recent Scientific research showed that the oil, the consumption of which was believed to be associated with heart disease and an increased risk of death, is not as dangerous as previously thought. According to a study published in 2016, oil consumption does not have such a strong effect on mortality rates. “Health problems come more from sugar consumption than from fat consumption,” Moreau says.

The collapse in butter prices came after several years of chaos in the European dairy market. In 2014, Russia imposed an embargo on European foodstuffs in response to the sanctions imposed by Europe on the Russian Federation due to the annexation (part of the territory) of Ukraine. Russia accounted for 24% of EU butter exports. As a result, there was a sharp collapse in prices. In many EU countries, milk has become cheaper than bottled water.

The EU will intervene in the market, but many dairy enterprises have closed. In the UK alone, according to Moreau, more than a thousand factories stopped working.

Another problem is the shortage of butter in Europe. According to the European Commission, in May 2017 alone, dairy production fell by 5%. “While demand has increased, there is a shortage of butter in the EU, because of this, prices will skyrocket,” said Michael Liberty, analyst dairy market at Mintec.

Peter Tuborg, CEO of British dairy giant Arla, warned last month that milk and cream would be in short supply in the country at Christmas.

“The Moscow region, being a leader in milk production, seeks to promote the development of the industry on a national scale, and this requires an open exchange of experience,” emphasizes Denis Butsaev, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region, Minister of Investments and Innovations of the Moscow Region. -AT business program The Dairy Forum will highlight the most pressing issues, including the importance of dairy products for health and various aspects of demand stimulation. We see a direct relationship between improving the quality of dairy products and increasing the level of product consumption, in particular, the forum will present assessments of milk consumption promotion programs.”

Today, one of the main reasons for the decline own production of milk-intensive products is not only a significant reduction in the volume of raw milk, including cheese, but also the lack of systemic state support their productions

What problems did producers and farmers face at the origins of the country's dairy industry. Let's turn the pages of history.

March 20, 1869 in St. Petersburg at a meeting of the Volny economic society the most important question for the country was solved: to be or not to be in Rus' dairy cooperation, more precisely, dairy production, to create or not to create the first dairy school on Russian soil for this?

Officials of the Ministry of State Property considered it necessary first of all to raise the productivity of dairy cattle, and only then decide the question of schools and dairy artels. The public won: on June 1, 1871, the first dairy school was opened in the village. Elimonovo, Tver province .. After 10 years in Russia, there were already about 1000 peasant cooperatives uniting more than 200 thousand householders, and by the beginning of the First World War there were already about 40 thousand cooperatives in the country various shapes financial relations.

If we trace the history of the development of the dairy industry in the Russian state, we will see that this industry had to overcome even more serious crises.

Since time immemorial, butter has been prepared in peasant farms, and in landowners' estates. Over time, experience gained in making good butter in small enterprises.

The emergence of commercial dairy farming in Russia dates back to the end of the 18th century. At that time, dairies and factories were small-scale industries.

The era of formation and development of the Russian dairy industry can be considered

90s of the XIX century, which was facilitated, first of all, by the growth of livestock in agriculture.

The first name that can be named among the real founders of the dairy business in Russia is Nikolai Muravyov

Being on military service Muravyov drew attention to how dairy farming is conducted in Sweden. After retiring, he took up the dairy business on his small estate Syrets near Luga.

Nikolay Muravyov staked on the development dairy farming, more and more convinced of the huge potential of "Russian cows with good care and supervision." Before the invention of the separator, Muravyov was the first in the world to use a progressive method for obtaining fresh cream by settling it in flat basins on ice, ahead of the Swiss method. It was Muravyov who was the first to stand up for Russian dairy cattle and said that “the inability to handle dairy cattle” is one of the main reasons for the irrationality of dairy farming. Seeing this as the main problem of the Russian dairy industry lagging behind Europe. “The difference between foreign and Russian methods of cultivating the land is one of the reasons for all our failures in blindly copying foreign experience. Without providing livestock with fodder and a well-maintained yard, you should not start buying either foreign or your own livestock ... ”, Nikolai Muravyov taught. For 1895-1915, the number of large cattle more than doubled.

Obviously, the basis of the dairy industry is animal husbandry, on the effectiveness of which the development of production depends. Unfortunately, in this matter Russia both 200 and 100 years ago lagged behind the developed European countries. personnel are the basis of effective animal husbandry. Today, it is worth adding to this problem the technical equipment of the livestock sector.

The involvement of the Russian peasantry in active social activities through the dairy cooperation that is accessible and understandable to them made it possible, to a certain extent, to transform not only the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, but after it the Urals, the North Caucasus, and Siberia. In 1872, a railway approached Vologda, and immediately the first butter-making artels in the country appeared in the Vologda region.

In 1875, these artels had already exported butter, unprecedented in the world, with a “nut” flavor, made using the technology of Nikolai Vereshchagin from boiled cream. The glory of this oil, which for a long time bore the name "Petersburg", "Paris", and now - "Vologda", is still known.

From this village, which gave the country over 200 excellent cheese-makers. six of the most capable boys were selected, and among them - Sasha Chichkin: having received higher education later became a merchant of the 1st guild. Alexander Chichkin trained more than 2,000 highly qualified specialists By the beginning of the new century, out of 1,060 Siberian butter makers, only 19 were educated abroad.

An interesting historical fact is that, having calculated large profits from the export of Russian products, the Danish company Polizon appeared in Kurgan, buying up Siberian oil for shipment abroad. Following her, a “flow” of other foreign dealers “gushed”: having seized refrigerators, royal benefits for transporting oil across railway and by sea, credit offices, they "took the throat" butter production in Siberia.

Siberian producers could not accept the fact that Russian oil went to foreign consumers under the Danish brand. In the spring of 1899, the manufacturer Sokulsky left with the first refrigerator train to Baltic Sea and delivered the first batch of Siberian oil to London, bypassing foreign intermediaries. In the same year, the country's first exhibition of dairy products was organized in St. Petersburg, after which samples of Russian cheeses and butter were sent to the World Exhibition in Paris, then to Vienna, London, Glasgow, Marseille and other European cities. Russian butter began to be delivered abroad and, judging by historical references, not without success. Recall that in the 19th century in Russia for these producers royal benefits were established for the transportation of oil by rail and sea, there were credit offices, and refrigerators were provided.

Russia became the main exporter of agricultural products, accounting for two-fifths of world agricultural exports

By 1913, 6,405 butter factories in Russia produced 129,000 tons of "cow's" butter, of which 78,000 tons were exported. At the same time, revenues to the state treasury amounted to more than 60 million rubles, which was more than two times higher than the income received at that time from gold mining in the country.

An industrial miracle for the whole world was the creation of the butter industry in the USSR.

World War I and civil wars brought to naught all the achievements of Russia.

In the 1930s restoration began with dilapidated factories, where separators and churns were manually turned. This was the beginning of a large-scale reconstruction of the dairy farm. Per a short time The construction of new dairy plants was launched in the country, the mechanization of production and the improvement of milk processing technologies began. The post-war period was followed by a rapid recovery and further development all sectors of agriculture, including the dairy industry

Dairy plants in Russia were restored, and until 1990 there was a further development of the country's dairy industry.

For example, the Estonian small steam oil mill, founded in 1893, remained until the end of the forties. small enterprise, all production of which was located in the courtyard of the house. During the Soviet era, the company started operating under the name of the Tallinn Dairy Plant, and already in 1962 moved to a production building. From 1970-1990, new production areas were created at the enterprise, warehouse buildings and laboratory facilities were built, equipment was replaced with more powerful ones. Modernization made it possible to increase the production capacity to three hundred tons of products per shift.

In 1994 the enterprise passed into private hands. The State Combine was transformed into joint-stock company Tallinna Piimatoostuse AS

By 1958, the Soviet butter industry had changed so much that our country became a world leader in the production of this product. About 648 thousand tons of butter were produced, and in 1990 in the USSR, at 1900 large, quite modern butter plants (each produced about 1000 tons of butter per year on average), about 1730 thousand tons of butter were produced from cow's milk - 24% from the production of this product in the world at that time. The importance of this fact is especially significant against the background of the fact that in the USSR butter from cow's milk at that time was produced more than in the USA, Germany, France, taken together, which occupied 2-4 places in the production of this product in the world.

According to the preliminary results of 9 months of 2016, the volume of import supplies of butter, milk fats and pastes (TN VED 0405) turned out to be 2% lower than the corresponding volumes of last year (71.7 thousand tons against 72.9 thousand tons) with a downward trend , which began to form in the summer months after the increase in world prices. This is stated in the report of the Milknews Analytical Center.

At the same time, the value of imports of milk fats increased by 2.3% (243.1 million USD against 237.6 million USD), which is explained by an increase in price levels in the world market and average contract prices of import supplies of milk fats in the Russian Federation in July-October 2016 . In the structure of milk fat imports, the largest specific gravity still accounts for butter (TN VED 040510) - 93% for the first 9 months of this year.

Since the beginning of 2016, monthly deliveries of butter, milk fats and spreads have exceeded the same volumes of the previous year and systematically increased from month to month in the first quarter, however, in the second quarter, import volumes were lower than last year, which is explained by the continued increase in average contract prices for butter and limited effective demand for it from the population.

If the April and May import volumes were lower by 0.7 and 0.3 thousand tons, then in June the volumes decreased more significantly - by 4.5 thousand tons (-36.8%), in July - by 5.0 thousand tons (-33.2%) in comparison with the corresponding periods of 2015, in August practically corresponded to the last year's volume, and in September they again turned out to be lower by 1.2 thousand tons (-14.2%).

At the same time, the average contract price has been increasing since the beginning of the year and turned out to be higher in September by 40.8% in dollar terms and amounted to 4,030.3 USD/t. In July 2015, the average contract price was 2,722.1 USD / t - the minimum level over the past 5 years, as a result, the volume of July imports in 2015 amounted to 15.0 thousand tons - the maximum volume of deliveries during the month in 2015.

The average (estimated) price of imported dairy fats in dollar terms in May turned out to be higher than last year for the first time since the beginning of the year against the background of the strengthening of the ruble against the US dollar.

If in January the average (calculated) price of 1 ton of milk fat was 2,937 USD/t, then in May it rose to 3,534 USD/t, which is 0.4% higher than the corresponding last year level (3,519 USD/t in May 2015). year), and in September amounted to 4,030 USD/t.

In the near future, average contract prices will remain at high level against the backdrop of an increase in average world prices for dairy products due to the expected recovery in demand from China. At the same time, prices for imported Belarusian butter, after another increase on October 24, 2016, continue to lose competitiveness in the Russian market (280-295 rubles/kg against 277 rubles/kg). This will deter imports and promote domestic production. However, the scarce resource base for domestic market does not allow increasing production, which will further increase domestic prices for butter and continue to reduce effective demand for it.

The main supplier of butter to the territory Russian Federation is the Republic of Belarus (30% of imports in 2013, 39% - in 2014, about 78% - in 2015 in absolute terms, 80% - according to the results of 9 months of 2016). After the introduction of special economic measures by Russia against a number of countries with Russian market butter left Finland, Australia, France and a number of other countries. At the same time, deliveries from New Zealand, Uruguay and Argentina continue, although the volumes of deliveries decreased significantly in 2015.

According to the results of 9 months of 2016, the share of the Republic of Belarus in the total Russian volume of milk fat imports increased to 80%, in second place is New Zealand with a volume of 6.0 thousand tons (8%), in third place is Uruguay (4.6 thousand tons). , 7%). At the same time, if supplies from Belarus, Uruguay and Argentina for 9 months of this year, according to preliminary data, remain less than last year, New Zealand increased shipments to Russia by 58% in absolute terms (up to 6.0 thousand tons) and by 40% - in value terms (up to 21.7 million USD). In 2015, over the same period, 3.8 thousand tons were imported from New Zealand in the amount of 15.5 million USD.

Oils are exported from Russia to many countries and regions. Among them are Turkey, India, Italy, Spain, Vietnam, CIS countries, Egypt, and other Asian countries. Oil for export is usually transported in barrels or similar bulk containers. Our company has established and well-established transport links with all regions that specialize in the production of oils (Rostov Region, Krasnodar Territory, etc.).

What kinds of oils are good for export?

The main directions in the sale of oils abroad:

• Export sunflower oil. The main product for sale, its share in total exports exceeds the rest by many times.
• Export of linseed oil.
• Export of butter.
• Rapeseed, soybean oil.
• Pumpkin seed oil and other exotic species.

The export of vegetable oils is beneficial because they are widely used in the paint and varnish industry, pharmacology, food production, in perfumery and even as a base for biofuels.

What documents will be required for oil export?

Our company has been exporting products to many countries and regions in the world. We fully accompany the delivery of goods from the supplier to the consumer. , the export of sunflower and other vegetable oils from Russia requires the collection of special documents. The company's specialists will collect them for you if you use our services.

• Contract for foreign economic trade with a foreign importer;
• Seller's invoice from the Russian side;
• Agreements and contracts of sale, bills of lading, invoices for the purchase of raw materials for the production of butter;
• customs declaration in in electronic format;
• Waybills for transport, which certify the transfer of goods to the carrier;
• Country of origin and phytosanitary certificates.

Our company will fully undertake the execution of a package of documents for non-tariff export control, calculate and pay customs fees and duties, return export VAT after the export of oil from the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure delivery of the goods to the buyer's warehouse.