Ready-made business plan for paving slabs. A ready-made example of a business plan for the production of paving slabs
So, you have decided to start a business, where to start?
First, we need to decide what and for whom we will produce, as well as have an idea about the subject of our business.
The demand for paving slabs has always been great. Our consumers will be all segments of small and medium-sized businesses, tenants and owners of shops, enterprises, as well as owners of private houses and summer cottages.
However, today the main application paving slabs is masonry and road construction. The most popular remains rectangular tiles in the form of bricks. Easy to use and lay, both paths and parking areas.
Paving slabs in the shape of squares are ideal for creating walkways, paths, sidewalks, decorating steps and porches.
The success of the business depends on a good knowledge of your product, all stages of production, and main advantages.
1. The tile has a beautiful appearance and unique design.
2. Long validity period up to 30 years.
3. Made from environmentally friendly raw materials without harmful impurities
4. High strength, raw materials are resistant to moisture and temperature changes
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Business organization.
The first step is to register your business as an entrepreneur and familiarize yourself with the taxation system. In this case, taxes will be 6% of revenue or 15% of profit. Registering a business is quite simple, since paving slabs are not certified. However, if you wish, you can order a special certificate from the certification service and receive a tile quality certificate. The cost of testing ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles in various laboratories.
So, we receive a business registration certificate and register with the tax authorities. It is important that an individual entrepreneur is a private person and has no relation to legal entities. This gives us the advantage of limiting ourselves to collecting only 4 documents:
1) Copy of passport
2) Copy of TIN
3) Receipt for payment of state duty
4) Application for registration of activities.
Registration fee individual entrepreneur is - 800 rub. state duties and by law takes only 5 working days.
Room.
When choosing a room, you must be guided by the footage, at least 80 m2. It is important to have communications, electricity for equipment operation and water supply. In the warm season, you can save money and not rent storage space, but in winter you will have to ensure optimal temperature regime and equip it with a drying chamber maintaining 35-45 degrees. Rent will be 20-25 thousand rubles per month.
Staff.
For a production volume of more than 1000 m2, it is quite enough to hire two or three workers. No education is required for this job. Workers mix cement according to one recipe, pour it into molds and dry it. Salary from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. per month.
Equipment and production technology.
Sufficient technologies and equipment have been developed for the production of paving slabs, both manual and automatic. The choice is quite large. The cheapest method for producing paving slabs is vibration casting.
Basic equipment:
- vibrating table
- casting molds
- concrete mixer
Production technology.
1. Prepare the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer
2. Place this mixture in molds on a vibrating table
3. Leave the mixture in the molds for up to 48 hours and cover with PVC film
4. Heat the finished products to 60-70 degrees for about 2 minutes and remove the tiles from the molds on the table.
Raw materials for tile production.
Cement
- sand
- granite crushed stone
- plasticizer S-3
- pigment
- air-entraining additive START
Marketing.
In any business and starting your own business, you can’t do without marketing research. The profitability of the business, the amount of invested funds depend on this, and the risks of ruin are eliminated.
You can conduct market research yourself, or involve a specialist.
Produce comparative analysis easy by studying supply and demand (production volumes) in the region of your residence. Identify the main complaints and wishes of customers, think about what can be improved.
Advertising is the main driver of good sales in the market. The main task is to find loyal customers.
Types of advertising:
- posting advertisements
- advertising via the Internet by posting advertisements on advertising boards
- creating your own website with a product catalog
- group in in social networks
- distribution of leaflets
- advertisements in newspapers, on television
Sales of products.
In order to cover the market as much as possible and receive a sufficient number of orders, it is necessary to provide a good choice quality products of various shapes and colors at affordable prices. We need to focus on the common population and help in decorating the territories of private houses.
Financial plan.
The result of our activities will be financial plan, final approximate cost calculations and a summary of the required indicators.
Main parameters:
- room area - 90m2
- rent - 25 thousand rubles. per month
- 1 shift
- productivity - 50 m2 of tiles (1100 m2 per month)
- 22 working days per month.
Equipment costs:
- vibrating table - 1 pc. - 20 thousand rubles.
- molds for tiles - 180 pcs. - 270 thousand rubles.
- concrete mixer (250 l.) - 15 thousand rubles.
- racks - 50 pcs. - 27 thousand 500 rub.
- floor scales - 1 pc. - 11 thousand rubles.
- other equipment - 15 thousand rubles. Total: 358 thousand 500 rubles.
Material costs:
- cement - 16 kg - 78.4 rubles;
- granite crushed stone - 54 kg - 54 rubles;
- plasticizer - 0.3 kg - 11.4 rubles;
- water - 9 l. - 1.26 rubles;
- pigment - 0.3 kg. - 24.3 rub.
Total: 169.36 rub. for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs.
Employee salaries:
Moulder - 12 thousand rubles;
- molder - 12 thousand rubles;
- accountant - 8 thousand rubles;
Total: 32 thousand rubles. per month.
Total production costs per month, per shift and per 1 m2 of paving slabs:
- raw materials - 186,296 rubles. per month - 8468 rub. per shift - 169.4 rub. per 1m2;
- salary - 32,000 rubles. per month - 1454.5 rub. per shift - 29.1 rub. per 1 m2
- insurance deductions - 9600 rub. per month - 436.4 rub. per shift - 8.7 rub. per 1 m2
- rent - 25,000 rub. per month - 1136.4 rub. per shift - 22.7 rub. per 1 m2
- electricity - 1140 rub. per month - 51.8 rub. per shift - 1.03 rub. per 1 m2
- advertising - 8000 rub. per month - 363.6 rub. per shift - 7.3 rub. per 1 m2
- transportation costs - 6000 rub. per month - 272.7 rub. per shift - 5.5 rub. per 1 m2
- other expenses - 10,000 rubles. per month - 454.5 rub. per shift - 9.1 rub. per 1 m2
Total: 278036 rub. per month - 12639 rub. per shift - 252.8 rub. per 1 m2.
The cost of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. All expenses per month will be 278,036 rubles.
Let's calculate the payback of the enterprise, as well as profit:
Cost of 1 m2 - 252.8 rubles;
Sales price for 1 m2 - 400 rubles;
Profit from 1 m2 before taxation - 147.2 rubles;
Profit per month before tax - 161,929 rubles;
Tax simplified tax system - 15% of profit - 24,288 rubles;
Net profit per month - 137,632 rubles;
Net profit per 1 m2 - 125.12 rubles;
Production profitability% - 49.5%;
The payback period for the equipment is 2.6 months.
Conclusion: The profit of our paving slab manufacturing business will be 137.6 thousand rubles per month. Production profitability is 49.5%, and payback is 2.6 months. Such indicators can only be achieved by selling all products.
Payback (profit from sales).
The quality and cost of paving slabs are directly related. The price of a product depends on many factors, such as strength, color, development technology. Poor quality tiles will not last even 5 years, requiring replacement, but good quality tiles will last up to 30 years.
In any business there is competition and tile production is no exception. To withstand the onslaught and remain a leader in the market, timely modernization of production and the purchase of new modern equipment such as forklifts, conveyor-type installations to increase production volumes due to technological solutions, and not additional recruitment of labor.
The return on investment for the business of producing paving slabs is 100-130% and this is a pretty good figure. Advantages of this business quite a bit of - good profit, easy technological process.
However, it is necessary to take into account disadvantages, such as monotony and monotony of work, some seasonality of customer requests. But if you show your creativity in the process, unexpected design solutions, beautiful designs on the tiles, you are guaranteed to enjoy doing what you love.
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There are a huge number of important products on the construction market. One of them is paving slabs, which partially or completely covers pedestrian areas near roads and other areas, such as squares, etc. In this article we will try to consider in detail the business plan for the production of paving slabs and find out whether it makes sense to open such a business in Russia. Please note that competition in this area is quite high, but the demand from construction companies and individuals for this material is also significant.
Some general information
You must understand that this is a seasonal business, so you will receive your main income from spring to mid-autumn. To create your own small factory, you will need to invest quite a lot. This amount will not be less if you purchase a business that is ready to launch. In the latter case, on the one hand, you have an order of magnitude less hassle, and on the other, you do not control the quality of the assembly of the production line, which is not good. The main direction is the production of paving slabs, but along with this, no one is stopping you from making 3D, luminous or even polymer tiles. All this will allow you to attract a maximum of clients in a short time and acquire precious regular customers. But let's go further and talk about creating a business as such.
Registration and selection of production premises
Before you start, you must draw up a competent business plan for the production of paving slabs. The first step is to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur. This registration form will be sufficient for you. Since the production of paving slabs is not subject to any additional certification, the procedure for obtaining a license is much simpler. However, there is one "but" here.
As practice shows, most buyers prefer to purchase tiles tested by experts. Therefore, you must submit your product for examination, where it will be tested for frost resistance, strength and abrasion. If the result is satisfactory, then you will receive a product quality certificate that you can show off to customers. As for the production premises, the main thing here is to find a plant with an area of more than 70 square meters. The location can be almost any, since there are no special requirements for this item. To connect modern equipment you will need 360 V. In addition, you need to choose a place to install the drying chamber, where the temperature should be around 40 degrees Celsius.
We buy equipment for the production of paving slabs
You have several options. One of them is production by vibration pressing. In order to set up production in this way, you will need to buy a brick press. The higher its performance, the higher the price. Unit average productivity will cost you about $20,000. Of course, we cannot do without a concrete mixer, as well as a punch. For all this you will spend no more than 8-10 thousand.
As noted a little above, there are several production methods. In order to set up the production of tiles using the second method, that is, vibration casting, you will need less money, since the technology here is slightly different, and we will talk about this a little below. The main equipment is a vibrating table worth 6-7 thousand dollars and a concrete mixer. The price of the latter may vary, depending on the brand and capacity. On average it is 600-1000 dollars. You also need to buy molds for future tiles. Here you choose for yourself - which ones you like best, buy those. For one form you need to pay about 10-20 dollars.
Production technology using vibration pressing method
There are three main stages worth highlighting here. The first step is to prepare the concrete. A concrete mixer is used for this. As a rule, two types of mixture are in use. If it is made single-layer, then one concrete mixer is needed, if it is made of two layers, then, accordingly, two. After the molding mass is obtained, it must be transported to a brick making machine.
At the second stage, the press vibrator and punch work. The presence of pulses contributes to the compaction of the mixture. According to the technology, the process should last only 3-5 seconds, after which the matrix is raised and the remaining tray is sent to the drying chamber.
On final stage The tile “reaches” its full readiness. To do this, it is dried in steam. It is extremely important to choose the right duration. The fact is that with increasing time, the strength of the product increases. So, after 6-8 hours of drying, the product can withstand a load of 2 MPa, which is quite enough.
Vibration casting technology
In essence, these two methods are somewhat similar, but the sequence and some details are slightly different. Here, for example, it is possible to establish the production of paving slabs from waste (sand, polyethylene, etc.). Basically this is good decision, which will help significantly reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials. At the first stage of this technology, the mixture is prepared: melting polyethylene and mixing sand with cement. After this, the mass is placed in pre-prepared tile molds. Next, the molds are laid out on pallets, and the product is left in this form for about two days. At the final stage, the finished tile must be removed from the mold. This is not so easy to do. The easiest way is to use short-term heating (1-2 minutes), and then remove the tile.
Profitability, product sales and personnel recruitment
Most experts cite very good numbers when they talk about the profitability of such a business. If we take the average value, then it is 100-130%. Here you need to understand that there is a place for defective products. There is no escape from this; your business plan for the production of paving slabs must take this into account. The only thing that can help is the continued use of an unusable product in construction.
The wider the range of forms and types of products you produce, the easier it will be to sell them. The number of loyal customers will constantly increase, but only if you can give them what they want. To begin with, it is recommended to purchase lines for the production of paving slabs of medium productivity. If everything is successful, you can expand further. Much depends on the capacity of the plant. If the daily output does not exceed 50 square meters of tiles, then 3-4 people who will be responsible for the process are quite enough.
A little about advertising your business
If you ask yourself what it takes to produce paving slabs, the answer to this question is relatively simple: good equipment and smart workers. However, for its implementation it is necessary good publicity. This approach will significantly speed up the process of increasing the popularity of your organization. Place an ad in the newspaper that it has opened. new plant for making tiles for every taste. Post some bright updates on the Internet, describe your assortment, etc. Of course, you may not be active, buyers will still come, but not so soon and not in such numbers. Competent advertising can do a lot, believe me.
A few important points
This business can be called profitable and profitable, however, it is subject to seasonality, which should not be forgotten. If you wish, you can preserve your production for several months. You can set up the production of paving slabs as a business quite quickly, since there is no additional certification required and there are no special requirements for the production premises. The main thing is that it is safe for the working staff and clean. Offer your clients transportation and tile laying services. This way you organize a full range of services, and this is very attractive to the buyer.
Conclusion
So we looked at the main details on this topic. Organize the production of paving slabs from plastic bottles, and you will not only save on the purchase of raw materials, but will also be able to make a high-quality product. However, you must understand that they will not buy even high-quality tiles from you at a high price, especially if you have just opened. Therefore you must have good products By affordable price. This is roughly what your paving slab production business plan should look like. It's not complicated technological process and many units, so you can organize such a thing quite quickly. But we must not forget about quality control at all stages of production; your staff must monitor this.
In this material:
A business plan for the production of paving slabs with calculations will help you understand how profitable it is to start this business. When choosing a field of activity, it is necessary to give preference to the manufacture of those products for which there will be demand regardless of the economic situation in the country. This includes the production of goods used for the construction and decoration of houses and local areas. For example, it is profitable to produce paving slabs. The basis for the success of a future business is the correct preparation of a business plan, on the basis of which the company’s activities will be conducted.
Competition in this industry is quite high, but demand is also high. It is increasing due to the development of the construction of country houses, improvement of the streets of cities and villages. This business is also considered the least expensive. Any business should start with registration, small organizations It is best to register as an individual entrepreneur. The production of paving slabs does not require obtaining a large number of permits. Registration as an individual entrepreneur allows you to follow a simplified taxation scheme. The production of paving slabs does not require mandatory certification. To increase demand for own products An entrepreneur can undergo the certification procedure voluntarily. Ready samples will be tested for the level of frost resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to mechanical damage and exposure to atmospheric factors.
In the initial stages, attention should be paid to the private sector. Here it is enough to produce small batches of goods, while the demand for products is quite high. Garden paths are resurfaced every year. When choosing a durable and aesthetically attractive material for decorating local areas, paving slabs are preferred by most owners of private houses. When drawing up a business plan, you should decide necessary equipment. This will help you calculate the costs of starting your own business. The plan should also include the costs of purchasing raw materials that will be needed to produce any batches of goods.
The ideal option is to purchase the premises as your own. It may be small. All equipment can be placed on an area of 50 sq.m. About 30 sq.m. will be used for equipment. The remaining area will be used for storing finished products. The premises can also be rented. It must meet the requirements fire safety and be connected to the mains. A drying chamber will need to be placed in the room.
Paving slab production technology
There are 2 ways to make this product. If the company will be producing large quantities of material, it is recommended to use vibrocompression technology. It is performed in several stages. Start with preparation concrete mixture in a concrete mixer, after which the solution is fed into the matrix of a vibropress. At the next stage, vibrators and a punch are used, which compact the material and send it to a special pallet. The tray is placed in the drying chamber. At the third stage, the paving slabs are dried using the thermal-moist method, using water vapor heated to a certain temperature.
To reduce the cost of work, products can be dried without the use of special equipment. Vibration casting technology implies a slightly different procedure for performing work. First, the concrete solution is prepared. It is then poured into molds placed on a vibrating table. Molds with finished products are placed on pallets and left indoors for 2 days. After this, the molds are heated to 60°C and the finished products are removed from them. By performing work on the production of paving slabs using this technology, it is possible to obtain products of unique shapes.
Calculation of costs for opening a tile production enterprise
First of all, you need to purchase a brick making machine, the cost of which is about 1 million rubles. About 200 thousand rubles will be required to purchase a concrete mixer and 100 thousand to purchase a punch. This equipment will make it possible to produce products using the vibration pressing method. It is less expensive to purchase the equipment necessary for the production of tiles using the vibration casting method. A vibrating table costs about 150 thousand rubles, a mold for pouring concrete mixture costs from 100 rubles per piece, about 40 thousand rubles will be required to purchase a concrete mixer. To wash the molds you will need a bath that costs about 70 thousand rubles.
For small enterprise For the production of paving slabs, it is enough to hire 3 employees. The storekeeper can also act as a driver. When preparing accounting reports and maintaining documentation, you can use the services of outsourcing companies.
Paving slabs are made of concrete with the addition of a plasticizer. 1 cubic meter of solution costs approximately 3,000 rubles. Up to 15 square meters of tiles can be made from it. Thus, the average cost of 1 sq.m of material will be 150 rubles. To this value you need to add about 60 rubles spent on electricity, labor and additional expenses. For sale ready product on average for 300 rubles.
If you take a responsible approach to quality control of your products, you can quickly gain customers. In this case, due to the use of inexpensive materials, the profitability of the project will approach 150%. Thus, even large expenses for the purchase of equipment will pay off within a short period of time.
Currently, the production of construction and finishing materials is considered one of the most attractive fields of activity for budding entrepreneurs.
The production of paving stones requires significant financial costs in the initial stages, but it can bring good profits in the future.
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Paving slabs continue to maintain a leading position in the construction products market. For exterior decoration, owners of private houses and organizations traditionally choose this material. This means that the production of paving slabs as entrepreneurial activity can be a profitable and promising endeavor.
Nevertheless, any entrepreneur who decides to open his own business in this direction needs to prepare for the fact that great competition awaits him. However, since this business is currently one of the most profitable, in demand and promising, to achieve success you only need to develop a competent business plan for the production of paving slabs.
Main properties of the project
The purpose of this project is to determine economic efficiency creation of an enterprise for the production of paving slabs. Ready business plan can be used as Commercial offer during negotiations with potential investors or creditors.
The relevance of the paving slab manufacturing business lies in the high performance qualities of this material and its popularity in the market. Paving slabs are environmentally friendly, durable, easy to use, and also economical. And thanks to new technologies, the life and quality of its service increases significantly.
The project to create a production enterprise for the production of paving slabs is designed for 2 years - during this period, according to the plan, all starting investments will pay off. The business plan takes into account all risks and possible force majeure situations that can reduce the company’s profits and even contribute to its unprofitability.
There are three main goals for creating a workshop for the production of paving slabs:
— creation of an enterprise with a high level of profitability;
— meeting demand in the relevant market segment;
- obtaining high profits during the period indicated in the plan.
To achieve these goals, it is planned to open an enterprise that will produce paving slabs intended for arranging sidewalks in populated areas of any nature and purpose.
General funding indicators are as follows:
— the cost of the project as a whole, including all types of costs, is within 5.5 million rubles. It is envisaged that a commercial loan in the amount of 5.5 million rubles will be received for opening and developing a business. The interest rate will be 16%;
— the investor’s income, or the total amount of interest paid on the loan, will be 270.9 thousand rubles;
- general economic effect from the implementation of a project for the production of paving slabs within a specified period - 34 million 413 thousand rubles or more under favorable economic circumstances.
The preliminary payback period will be 1 year. But in the event of force majeure or additional expenses this period can be extended to 2 years.
Technical features of making paving slabs - in the video:
Stages of starting a business
The main list of stages for opening a workshop for the production of paving slabs from scratch includes:
- development of a plan and preliminary financial calculations;
— registration of the enterprise with the Federal Tax Service;
- rent of a site and production premises (if you have your own material and technical base - its preparation for the start production process);
— purchase of equipment and raw materials;
— personnel selection;
- start of the production process.
Considering a two-year period of enterprise development, you can draw up the following detailed step-by-step plan:
| Stages | Execution conditions | Deadlines |
| Start of the project | 1 – 2 year | |
| 1 month project | First 30 banking days | |
| Getting a loan | Availability of a mandatory package of documents | 1 month |
| Entry into the state register, registration with administrative and tax authorities | Concluded investment agreement | From 1 to 30 calendar days |
| Selecting a location, completing documentation | Preliminary work | 1 month |
| Concluding a lease or purchase agreement for a land plot | Investment agreement | 1 month |
| Purchase of equipment | Conclusion of an investment agreement | Up to 30 calendar days |
| Equipment installation | Receiving investment funds | Up to 30 calendar days |
| Hiring | Production activities | Up to 30 calendar days |
| Training | The end of the stage of organizing the production process | Up to 30 days |
| Conducting a marketing campaign | 30 calendar days | Up to 360 calendar days |
| End of the project | 12 – 24 months |
Business registration
To get started, it will be enough to register as an individual entrepreneur. The law does not require registration legal entity for such activities, and at first the IP format will indeed be more successful.
The process of registering an individual entrepreneur requires the submission of a minimum of documents of the founder: copies of the passport, identification number, as well as a receipt for payment of the state duty in the amount of 800 rubles. These documents are submitted by first filling out an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur using the standard form. In addition to the personal data of the entrepreneur, it contains a code according to the OKVED classifier. It must be selected using the valid classifier (). With absence additional types activity code 23.31 (“Production of ceramic slabs and tiles”) is suitable. The prepared package of documents must be submitted to the territorial office of the Federal Tax Service, and after 3 - 5 days the applicant is issued a completed certificate.
If there are several founders, an individual entrepreneur will not be suitable for registering a company - you will have to choose one of the existing formats of a legal entity. The best option– society with limited liability. In this case, the list of submitted documents will be more extensive, and a special entry fee will be paid additionally - authorized capital in an amount of at least 10 thousand rubles. The procedure for registration and functioning of an LLC is regulated by a special the federal law 14-FZ (http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_17819/).
Paving slabs do not require careful certification. This feature greatly simplifies the process of business legalization. But if you wish, you can obtain a product quality certificate. This document will be a good help in competition and will help a newcomer to the market acquire regular customers and partners. You can obtain such a document from a special certification service. Products must first be tested for strength, resistance to frost, moisture and other qualities. If the verification is successful, the manufacturer will receive the required certificate without any problems.
Regulatory documents useful for doing business:
Equipment
Paving slabs are made by two different methods:
- vibration pressing,
- vibration casting.
Depending on which technique is chosen, the purchase of various production equipment will be required.
To produce tiles using vibration pressing technology you will need:
- Vibropress (its cost is about 20 thousand dollars)
- Concrete mixer (about 6 thousand dollars)
- Punch (about 3 thousand dollars)
Equipment for manufacturing by vibration casting is much less expensive. The list will include the following items:
- Vibrating table (about 4 thousand dollars)
- Molds (about $1-$18 each)
- Concrete mixer (about 600 dollars)
Other types of equipment that will be needed for the production process:
- — hyperpress (makes it possible to obtain large volumes of products under high pressure;
- — conveyors for moving materials;
- — dispensers;
- — cement silos for storing cement;
- — control panel for automation of dosing, weighing and supply of solution;
- — cleavers for splitting concrete products;
- - shelving. It is better to choose steel racks that have high strength.
You can purchase ready-made production line. It will cost more than purchasing individual pieces of equipment, but will greatly simplify the manufacturing process.
Technology business plan for the production of paving slabs
When developing a business plan for tile production, you need to take into account the technological features of this process. First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the diagram of the vibrocompression method. This technology is also used in the manufacture of borders, wall and partition stones.
Production steps include:
- Preparation of concrete. First of all, you will need a concrete mixer. In this case, the number of layers should be taken into account (if there are two of them, two concrete mixers are needed). The finished molding mixture is placed in the matrix of a vibrating press (mold).
- Molding. Then the punch and vibrators are launched, resulting in a reaction of vibration pulses, and the material is gradually compacted. Next, the product is sent to dry in a tray.
- Drying. To bring the tiles into a finished form, heat and moisture drying is used, for which water steam is used. If you need to reduce production costs, you can dry the product directly indoors, without using the heat-moisture drying method.
The production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method occurs as follows:
- Prepare the mixture.
- Concrete is placed into molds on a vibrating table.
- The finished forms are placed on a pallet.
- The resulting mixture is left for 48 hours.
- The hardened form is heated, then the product is knocked out.
Making tiles requires a sufficient number of molds. They can be rubber, plastic or polyurethane. Because the production technology may vary significantly depending on the choice of material, it is worth familiarizing yourself in advance with the significant features and differences of each of them.
PProduction and organizational features of tile manufacturing are below:
Selection and preparation of production premises
There are no special requirements or restrictions on the location of the workshop. The main thing is the size of the area, which should allow all equipment to be placed, as well as compliance with all technical specifications. Geographically, the workshop can be located on the outskirts of the city, in an industrial zone or outside settlement. It is advisable that it be adjacent to a highway or major road, which will facilitate the delivery process.
To equip a workshop, it is best to rent a former production premises - usually everything is there initially the necessary conditions, including electricity of sufficient power, provision of water and other necessary communications.
The most suitable size is from 70 sq. meters or more. To operate the equipment, you will need an uninterrupted electrical voltage of 360 V or more. Special conditions requires a drying chamber - it needs to maintain the desired temperature within 45 degrees.
When renting a workshop, you should pay attention to the presence of a large and dry warehouse, a heated office for communication with clients and partners, as well as the work of management and administrative staff. For these purposes, it is necessary to have telephone communication and the Internet. Care should be taken in a timely manner to equip utility rooms and bathrooms for official use.
Staff
If the production volume does not exceed 50 sq. meters of finished tiles per day, there is no need for a large number of personnel. In such cases, a team of three people will be sufficient, who will be involved in the process of directly preparing concrete, pressing and sending the batch for drying. To service large-scale production, a larger staff will be needed.
At first, while the workshop will produce a small amount of products, the role of sales manager and accountant can be performed by the manager himself. When expanding production, the customer base will increase, and to work with them you will need a separate employee with experience in sales. Accounting will become more complex as the enterprise develops. Therefore, within the first year you will need full-time specialist in the field of accounting and tax reporting. In the first months of the company's operation, these services can be provided by outsourcing specialists.
The staff will also need support staff - loaders, security guards, cleaners.
Sales of finished products
An important stage will be the sale of products. To acquire a wide and stable customer base, you should provide them with the entire range of tiles produced. The right action would be to organize production in such a way that the assortment includes a variety of products that satisfy the needs of all groups of potential buyers. At first, you should not take on large orders; it is better to firmly consolidate your position among small firms or individuals.
With the development of production, it makes sense to conclude long-term contracts with large enterprises, purchasing large volumes of paving slabs for construction, repair work or further sale. The specifics of the marketing campaign and the choice of advertising methods depend on the type of potential buyer.
Marketing plan and advertising
The general structure of the world and national market suffered negative changes during the crisis years of 2013–14. At this time, there was a decrease in sales, and therefore in the production of all types of construction and finishing materials. At the same time, the crisis also had some stimulating effect on the industry: the competition for clients between market representatives intensified, and as a result, the quality of the products of surviving enterprises improved.
In order to easily enter a market where there is no shortage of tile manufacturing enterprises, you need not only to offer the buyer a quality product at an attractive price, but also to attract attention. To do this, you need to immediately set priorities and decide on your target audience. So, you can place the main emphasis on selling finished products to retail customers or focus on wholesale sales. In the first case, the cost of sales will be higher, but you will have to spend more time and money on advertising and attracting buyers. Selecting as priority wholesale, at the first stage it is enough to conclude long-term contracts with several large buyers.
One of the features of the sale of paving slabs is the presence of concentrated consumer market. This means that it is usually easier and more profitable to sell products within your region. Therefore, and advertising campaign will be aimed at a limited circle target audience.
Taking into account already known features market, you can determine the most accurate circle of target audience. Main categories of buyers:
- — construction organizations executing orders from municipal authorities;
- — construction companies working privately;
- — individuals or organizations purchasing tiles for personal needs.
One of the trends in this industry is a slight but stable increase in demand from private buyers by 10 - 15% annually. But in order to maintain and increase this indicator, you need to resort to the main working methods of advertising:
— dissemination of information via the Internet: your own website with detailed information and feedback. In addition, you need to advertise your products on thematic websites and forums, online bulletin boards;
Timely placement of advertising will play a very important role. Since the greatest peak of construction and renovation work occurs in spring and autumn, the main emphasis is on advertising activities should be done just before this time.
The participation of the enterprise in thematic events - specialized exhibitions and fairs will be effective. There you can present samples of your products, exchange contacts with potential buyers and partners, and study the structure and dynamics of the market.
Financial plan
The main cost items required to open and further development companies, in terms of several:
- Initial investment:
- Commissioning works - RUB 110,000.00.
- APN - 540,000.00 rub.
- Press D2430 - 470,000.00 rub.
- Concrete mixer SBR-500 - RUB 69,000.00.
- PP TR mold - RUB 210,000.00.
- Scales MK-15.2 - RUB 4,200.00.
Total: RUB 1,403,200.00
2) Remuneration. Calculation for a minimum staff of 3 people:
- manager (salary from 25 thousand rubles),
- APN operator (salary from 25 thousand rubles)
- auxiliary worker (salary 20 thousand rubles)
Thus, the wage fund must be at least 70 thousand rubles (for one shift per month; 140 thousand rubles for two shifts). With the development of the enterprise size wages should increase in order to retain skilled workers.
When paying the unified social tax (UST) - 26% of the total income.
- Production area
It is advisable to allocate about 100 sq.m. area in order to place the necessary equipment and create an area for storing materials and the products themselves. The warehouse can be located outdoors, but also requires at least 100 sq.m. Heating in production premises - not mandatory requirement to working conditions. If the rent for 1 sq. m. is 100 rubles, then the total cost of renting the entire premises should not exceed 10,000 rubles. The rental cost per 1 sq. m. is also calculated. m of product. It will be 2.38 rubles.
4) Cost of materials and energy. The total cost of raw materials, which includes polymer, sand and pigment, per 1 ton will be 3,794 rubles. This means that the cost of raw materials per 1 sq.m. finished tiles is 136.58 rubles.
Cost of 1 sq. m. paving slabs:
The profitability of this type of business is proper organization exceeds the 100 percent mark. This is facilitated by the fact that even defective products can be used (for example, in construction), so the loss rate will be minimal.
A detailed cost plan for opening an enterprise for the production of paving slabs will include the following items:
| Expense item | Expenses per month | Expenses for the year | One-time costs | Total expenses for the year |
| Buying a concrete mixer | 127400 | 127400 | ||
| Vibrating tables (pouring, stripping) | 90000 | 90000 | ||
| Forms | 33600 | 33600 | ||
| Transformer | 61600 | 61600 | ||
| Pallet truck | 20160 | 20160 | ||
| Loader/beam crane | 3800000 | 3800000 | ||
| Baths (for washing molds, for stripping molds) | 22400 | 22400 | ||
| Wheelbarrows, trowels, shovels and other equipment | 28000 | 28000 | ||
| Production technology, technology training | 61600 | 61600 | ||
| Cost of raw materials (per 2 thousand km of tiles) | 100000 | 1200000 | 1200000 | |
| Salary | 250250 | 3003000 | 3003000 | |
| Website creation, promotion | 55000 | 660000 | 110000 | 110000 |
| Wiring | 214200 | 214200 | ||
| Unexpected expenses | 456800 | 456800 | ||
| Total | 405250 | 4863000 | 5025086 | 5073626 |
Regardless of the chosen business format, the financial year for any enterprise begins in January. From this month, the necessary tax payments are calculated. The list and tax rates of main contributions to the Federal Tax Service are standard and include the following:
To calculate the amount of income of the enterprise, in addition to the cost, you need to analyze the current market prices for finished products. The price list will be based on the average prices of the corresponding market segment and the amount of production costs.
Average cost of paving slabs, in rubles per sq. meter:
The cheapest traditionally will be gray tiles, the most valuable and expensive is white, produced without the use of dye. The higher the quality of the materials used in production, the more expensive the cost will be, and therefore the price of the finished product.
The company's sales forecast will be determined based on the following criteria:
— results of analysis of consumer demand for paving slabs;
— market analysis data for tile production enterprises;
— general conclusions regarding the state of the market for the sale of paving slabs.
The calculations take into account the lowest profitability threshold. The plan must consider all existing risks in the industry. These primarily include high level competition and a significant barrier to entry into the market. So, in order to open production, significant initial investments are needed for the purchase of equipment and raw materials. At the same time, without a high-quality marketing policy, it is impossible to fully enter the market and take a strong and profitable position in it.
Taking into account the main stages of creation and development of the enterprise, a service provision plan is drawn up:
| Period | Type of service | Volume of services provided per month | price, rub. | Sales revenue, thousand rubles. |
| 1 – 6 month of investment | 2000 sq.m | 500 – 540 per sq.m. | 1000 – 1100 thousand rubles | |
| 1 – 6 month of investment | 2000 sq.m | From 560 per sq.m. | From 1120 thousand rubles. | |
| Production of paving slabs | 2000 sq.m | 540 sq.m | 1000 – 1100 thousand rubles | |
| 7 – 12 months of operation | Laying tiles and related work | 2000 sq.m | From 580 per sq.m. | From 1150 thousand rubles. |
At the moment, the market growth rate is at the level of 10–15 percent. If this level continues over the next 1 - 2 years, the growth in sales volumes will reach 26.7 million per year or more. The main condition that will help overcome the entry barrier is to provide the enterprise with modern and high-quality equipment. The second important advantage of a tile production workshop will be the selection of qualified personnel. Active will speed up the process of business promotion marketing campaign and a well-designed advertising plan.
A business plan for the production of paving slabs includes average cost calculations and an approximate profit forecast production workshop. Specific financial indicators may differ under the influence of objective and subjective factors, risks and changes in the market. Taking into account the high level of demand for paving slabs among individuals and enterprises, we can draw the following conclusion: with good preparation material base And careful study market, a tile manufacturing workshop will be a profitable and promising undertaking.
Features of the business of producing scarves from scratch - in the video:
The construction segment today is second only to the telecommunications sector in terms of the level of implementation of new technologies. Literally every day they talk about “new breakthroughs” and the emergence of new “unique” technologies. Such activity does not always correspond to real needs and, even more so, to real market opportunities. Practice shows that good old technologies not only remain in demand, but also provide excellent chances to start your own business with small investments. The realities of small business in 2015 show rather illusory prospects for the construction market, but the question remains, what should construction teams do, how to look for an alternative to make money?
The answer can be found in related areas, in optimizing the business itself. As one of the alternatives (in truth, the option is good for organizing a new business), you can consider organizing the production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method.
How much does it cost to produce paving slabs?
The level of depreciation of fixed assets is not just high, but very high, this applies to all aspects, including sidewalks. If we talk about the roadways, those same roads, the situation is no better; this issue belongs to the sphere of interests of the “big” bosses, as a result they are, at the very least, repaired. The situation is completely different with sidewalks; no money is allocated for them; the specifics of their repair do not allow for much acceleration. From practice, I can say for sure that 3-4 times more can be “appropriated” from one square meter of road. Most sidewalk repairs in cities, small towns, and private households are left to small businesses. What does this mean in practice?
At organizing a full cycle from production to laying paving slabs, the business receives significant benefits in the form of:
- - flexible pricing policy. The final price of the finished product will not include the price of an intermediary (as in retail sales– 20-50%, cost of foreman’s services – 20-30%). In fact, this means that tiles can be laid at a 50% discount without losing average profitability.
- - individual approach to the client. Selection of shape, color, may be taken into account individual characteristics plot.
- - full range of services. Considering that for the mini workshop itself, raw materials (screenings, cement) will be purchased according to wholesale prices from established suppliers, then de facto the client pays and actually receives everything at once at the best price.
By and large, it is this complex option that makes it possible to talk about the business of producing paving slabs as an option for construction crews to repurpose.
Do not forget about the profitability of the business, two main points:
- - the production of sidewalk tiles has a profitability of 40-50% for wholesale sales and about 80-90% for retail sales;
- - using the same equipment (except for molds) it is possible to produce a very wide range of products, not just tiles.
- - profit from laying sidewalks also reaches 50%.
In total, due to the full cycle, it is possible to achieve about 100% profitability, and due to the wide range of products, “smooth out” seasonal fluctuations in demand.
For example, for the period of the “winter season” we can repurpose ourselves into the production of concrete countertops and figures.
Technologies for the production of paving slabs
If we consider the market as a whole, we can distinguish three main technologies:
- Clinker tiles.
- Vibrocasting
- Vibropressing
Relatively clinker tiles, one thing can be said, expensive. Moreover, in all other respects, high-quality clinker products are better. Such products are made from clay and then fired at high temperatures. Such production is expensive to organize and requires special permits and high-quality raw materials. It ends up being expensive this technology goes into the area big business. In terms of their technology, they also have a lot of nuances, ranging from the availability of really high-quality raw materials (not all clay is suitable) to the need to maintain a constant technological cycle. Recently, a friend’s “lights” were turned off for a couple of hours, and then they spent a week “picking out” the frozen clay.
One more The manufacturing technology for paving slabs is vibration compaction. The method is undoubtedly good and has its advantages:
- - firstly, the possibility of widespread use of automatic processes. If you have money and desire, about 90% of all processes are done by automatic machines.
- - secondly, higher wear-resistant performance.
There is a downside though:
- -expensive equipment. Such a workshop cannot be called small; its organization will require quite a lot of money, as a result, it is necessary to immediately aim for large sales volumes.
- - the cost of such products is higher than that of tiles made by vibration casting.
- - higher stability shows itself effectively only in cases of intense loads. For example, if you use tiles as paving stones on a road with heavy traffic (cars) or a very large flow of people.
Vibration casting - in this version of the production of paving slabs we're talking about about traditional casting using a vibrating table, this option is suitable for home business. The technology itself simply does not require any additional, much less special, equipment other than the table itself. In fact, the procedure is a chain:
Concrete (cement-sand mixture) is prepared in concrete mixers, consisting of:
- cement;
- sand;
- granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
- plasticizer C-3;
- air-entraining SNV additive;
- pigment.
Ready concrete is laid out into molds on a vibrating table;
The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;
The forms with the solution are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;
The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;
The products are being stripped;
The tiles are placed on pallets where they are cured certain period to a state of complete readiness.
pros
- - low cost of the finished product;
- - small starting investments;
- - maximum business flexibility. Products can be made in small batches of any shape and color.
Minuses
- - high level of manual labor;
- - strict linkage of production volume to the workshop area.
What equipment and premises are needed?
The total area for a small workshop should be about 60 square meters, plus rooms for final drying of paving slabs. The main condition is:
- - availability of electricity and water.
- - heating. To obtain a strong product, it is necessary to comply with the drying conditions; in cold periods, you need to “raise” the temperature, and in hot periods, lower it. Drying too quickly leads to loss of quality.
Among the equipment it is necessary to highlight
Concrete mixer - about 20,000 rubles.
Forms for pouring tiles. It must be emphasized that today there are four variations of forms on the market:
Metal forms. The most expensive, one of the advantages is the possibility of long-term use, and the disadvantage is the cost.
Rubber, can be used up to 500 cycles.
Plastic – 250 cycles
Polyurethane – up to 100 production cycles.
Which forms to buy is a rhetorical question; practice shows that when choosing forms you must be guided by one principle - rationality. Expensive, more durable rubber or metal molds will work for popular molds. But when making non-standard or one-time orders, it is worth buying cheap and short-lived plastic or polyurethane.
Vibrating table. Its cost largely depends on the size, quality, and supplier. By and large, you can make it yourself.
Table for stripping. Simply an irreplaceable thing and assistant, especially in conditions of seasonal intensity.
Bath for washing molds. After making the tiles, all molds must be thoroughly cleaned; a “dirty” mold is almost 100% defective.
Rokla hydraulic. Also, at first glance, it is a rather unnecessary thing, but when working with working volumes of tiles, its transportation and transportation without a roller is a tedious, labor-intensive process of palletizing.
and activities
It is very difficult, one might even say unrealistic, to calculate the real cost without specific information about the region and the availability of raw materials. On average in the market, the level of profitability of production is about 30-45%, while it fluctuates significantly depending on the remoteness of the resource base, this is due to the presence of cement factories, granite and sand quarries. The closer, the cheaper the raw materials, the higher the level of profitability. One of the most significant factors for a small mini paving slab workshop is the low dependence on fixed costs, which allows you to “freeze” production very quickly and start it up just as quickly, without using significant financial resources.
Advertising and sales of finished products
Very often, small businesses (especially if the business belongs to the home business category) do not attach much importance to advertising and beautiful presentation of their goods; this is perhaps one of the most common mistakes, as a result of low sales volumes at the beginning of the project. Subsequently, “popular rumor” and “word of mouth” do their job, but this happens later. I would advise you to take product advertising seriously and suggest the following options:
- - first. Preparation of bright advertising brochures. Moreover, the booklets should contain high quality photos, a large selection of various shapes (you can take it from sites selling ready-made forms for paving slabs) and colors. The fact is that even for a small order you can always save money and buy cheap molds made of plastic or polyurethane. Plus, the cost of several thousand advertising brochures will not be that expensive. When distributing brochures, the main thing is to choose the right place and contingent.
- - second. Advertising in newspapers is required, especially since you will have the opportunity to lay tiles. For a small paving slab workshop, you can rent a large banner; again, the main thing is to choose the right location.
Alternative and related activities
Small-scale production of paving slabs has another significant advantage, this is the ability to expand the range of products and services offered, in particular:
- - tile laying services.
- - production of fences, curbs, gutters.
- - using almost the same set of equipment you can make concrete garden figures or kitchen countertops, window sills, and even fountains.
- - a minor modernization and you can start producing cinder blocks, and if you have money, then foam concrete (you need to buy a high-speed concrete mixer).
The list goes on; today there is a huge number of concrete products on the market, most of which can be produced at home, including paving slabs and paving stones.
Video example of making paving slabs with your own hands
DIY paving slabs
We organize a small mini workshop with our own hands for the production of paving slabs
